农业高校以科学研究提高研究生培养质量的对策探析
作者:
刘双清;张亚;唐前君;黄国华;李晓刚
期刊:
当代教育理论与实践 ,2014年6(1):67-69 ISSN:1674-5884
作者机构:
湖南农业大学植物保护学院,湖南长沙410128;湖南农业大学科技处,湖南长沙410128;湖南农业大学植物保护学院,湖南长沙,410128;[黄国华; 张亚; 李晓刚; 唐前君; 刘双清] 湖南农业大学
关键词:
农业高校;科学研究;研究生教学;培养质量
摘要:
以科学研究促进研究生教育教学是提高研究生培养质量的重要手段,科学研究对建设教学研究型大学和培养高质量人才具有重要作用。从完善教学体系、创新教学方法、丰富教学内容、创新育人模式与机制等方面探讨了以科学研究提高研究生培养质量的有效途径。
语种:
中文
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RNA二级结构预测算法的研究进展
作者:
黄伊子;李都悦;刘伟;周玮
期刊:
湖南农业科学 ,2014年(18):3-8 ISSN:1006-060X
作者机构:
湖南农业大学植物保护学院植物病虫害生物学与防控湖南省重点实验室、湖南省生物农药与制剂加工工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙,410128;[李都悦; 刘伟; 黄伊子; 周玮] 湖南农业大学
关键词:
RNA二级结构预测;算法;综述
摘要:
在简要介绍了RNA的基础知识之后,对RNA二级结构的定义、表示方法、数据库等内容进行了详细阐述,并重点探讨了RNA二级结构预测方法的原理、适用范围及优缺点。目前,传统的RNA二级结构预测方法有比较序列分析法和最小自由能算法;新进发展的算法有支持向量机算法、基于堆积协变信息与最小自由能算法、基于局部茎搜索的算法、基于快速动态权重匹配算法、免疫粒子群算法、基于茎区的自由能算法、质心法。经过预测精度、复杂度、预测假节能力的对比,发现基于堆积协变信息与最小自由能算法和基于快速动态权重匹配算法,预测结果比较理想。
语种:
中文
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1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯的合成
作者:
孟锐;李晓刚
期刊:
湖南文理学院学报(自然科学版) ,2014年(3):28-32 ISSN:1672-6146
作者机构:
湖南农业大学 植物保护学院,湖南 长沙,410128;云南农业生产资料股份有限公司 农药分公司,云南昆明,650224;[孟锐; 李晓刚] 湖南农业大学
关键词:
6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯;6-己二醇;丙烯酸;收率
摘要:
以1,6-己二醇、丙烯酸为原料,对甲苯磺酸与亚磷酸为催化剂,环己烷为带水剂, CuSO 4/NaHSO 4为复合阻聚剂,采用直接酯化法合成1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯.对合成产物进行了酸值测定和FT-IR分析.探讨了催化剂、带水剂、阻聚剂、反应时间和温度以及酸醇比(丙烯酸/1,6-己二醇,物质的量之比)对酯化反应的影响.研究结果表明,最佳的酯化反应条件为:丙烯酸/1,6-己二醇为2.5,催化剂用量(占原料总质量,%)为1.5%,阻聚剂用量(占丙烯酸用量,%)为8.5%,带水剂用量(占原料总质量,%)为65%,反应时间为90 min,反应温度为80~90℃.在此条件下,产物为无色透明油状液体,收率可达93.25%.
语种:
中文
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马铃薯环腐病菌LAMP检测方法的建立
作者:
汪万春;袁钧;郑春生;高文娜
期刊:
植物检疫 ,2014年28(1):29-32 ISSN:1005-2755
作者机构:
北京出入境检验检疫局检验检疫技术中心 北京100026;湖南农业大学植物保护学院
关键词:
马铃薯环腐病菌;环介导等温扩增;检测
摘要:
选择马铃薯环腐病菌(Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.sepedonicus)基因组DNA特有的保守区域(pCSL0067)设计一套LAMP引物,通过优化反应条件,建立了马铃薯环腐病菌LAMP检测体系。利用多种参比菌的DNA为模板对LAMP检测体系特异性进行了验证,利用马铃薯环腐病菌DNA溶液和菌液梯度稀释液对LAMP检测体系的检测灵敏度进行了验证。在特异性试验中,LAMP检测体系仅对马铃薯环腐病菌进行扩增,对非靶标菌不产生扩增。LAMP检测体系DNA和菌体检测灵敏度分别达到了0.527×10-3 ng/uL和150 CFU/mL。为马铃薯环腐病菌的检测提供了一种新的、简便、快速的检测手段。
语种:
中文
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利用植物源提取物防治草莓灰霉病的研究概况
作者:
刘芳;阳盼;王翀;张亚;廖晓兰
期刊:
农药 ,2014年53(7):473-477 ISSN:1006-0413
作者机构:
[刘芳; 阳盼; 张亚; 廖晓兰] 湖南农业大学植物保护学院;[王翀] 湖南农业大学理学院
关键词:
草莓灰霉病;植物源提取物;抑菌作用
摘要:
从植物中筛选活性物质防治病害既能达到高效、低毒、低残留,又具开发成本低的优势。综述近年来国内外可用于防治草莓灰霉病的植物源提取物,主要集中在唇形科、菊科、禾本科、桃金娘科、十字花科、樟科等;分析不同植物源提取物对草莓灰霉病菌的室内抑制效果、抑菌成分、作用机理等,讨论研究中存在的问题,为新型植物源农药的开发提供参考。
语种:
中文
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Quantitative Sequence- Activity Model Analysis of Oligopeptides Coupling an Improved High- Dimension Feature Selection Method with Support Vector Regression
作者:
Wang, Lifeng;Dai, Zhijun;Zhang, Hongyan;Bai, Lianyang;Yuan, Zheming*
期刊:
CHEMICAL BIOLOGY & DRUG DESIGN ,2014年83(4):379-391 ISSN:1747-0277
通讯作者:
Yuan, Zheming
作者机构:
[Zhang, Hongyan; Dai, Zhijun; Yuan, Zheming; Wang, Lifeng] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Crop Germplasm Innovat & Utili, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Hongyan; Dai, Zhijun; Yuan, Zheming; Wang, Lifeng; Bai, Lianyang] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Bai, Lianyang] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Yuan, Zheming] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Crop Germplasm Innovat & Utili, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词:
feature selection;high-dimension feature;oligopeptides;quantitative sequence-activity model;support vector machine
摘要:
Five hundred and thirty-one physicochemical property parameters of amino acids were directly used as descriptors to characterize the structure of oligopeptides. Based on support vector regression (SVR), a novel rapid selection method called binary matrix resetting filter (BMRF) was proposed to nonlinearly select high-dimensional features and then multiround last-elimination (MRLE) was used for subtle screening. The reserved descriptors were used to construct the regression model with SVR, which was then applied to the quantitative sequence-activity model (QSAM) analysis for two oligopeptide systems. Compared with the widely used 16 kinds of amino acid descriptors, four QSAM modeling methods and four feature selection methods, our work shows a significant improvement in modeling performance, especially in external prediction. Furthermore, the real biochemical significance corresponding to reserved descriptors can be given directly, and the interpretability of the established QSAM model is improved significantly. This novel method has a high potential to become an available tool for regression analysis of high-dimension data, such as QSAM modeling of peptides or even proteins. This paper used 531 physicochemical property parameters to characterize oligopeptides, and then a rapid selection method BMRF was proposed to nonlinearly select the high-dimensional features. Based on reserved features, a novel model was constructed for QSAM analysis of two oligopeptide systems, which shows a significant improvement in modeling performance especially in external prediction. And also, the real biochemical significance corresponding to reserved descriptors can be given directly through improved interpretation system. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
语种:
英文
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葡萄黑痘病
作者:
肖启明
期刊:
湖南农业 ,2014年(01):20-21 ISSN:1005-362X
作者机构:
湖南农业大学植物保护学院;[肖启明] 湖南农业大学
摘要:
葡萄黑痘病是南方葡萄产区发生最普遍、危害最严重的病害之一,葡萄生长全过程都有发生,危害幼叶、幼果、嫩梢、卷须等部位.
症状特点 嫩叶受害后,初期产生褐色小点(见第21页图1),之后发展成黄褐色直径1~4毫米的圆形病斑,中部灰白色,边缘深褐色,最后病部组织干枯,破裂成穿孔(见第21页图2).幼叶受害后多扭曲、皱缩(见第21页图3).
语种:
中文
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油茶幼林茶角胸叶甲成虫空间分布型及其环境解释
作者:
李密;周刚;何振;谭济才;刘跃进;...
期刊:
林业科学 ,2014年50(10):173-180 ISSN:1001-7488
作者机构:
[李密; 周刚; 何振] 湖南省林业科学院;国家林业局油茶研究开发中心;[谭济才] 湖南农业大学植物保护学院;[刘跃进] 湖南省森林病虫害防治检疫总站;[伍义平] 湖南省耒阳市林业局
关键词:
油茶;幼林;茶角胸叶甲;空间分布型;环境因子
摘要:
探讨生物种群的空间结构特征及其与环境的关系、环境变化对种群分布的影响等问题已成为现代生态学研究的热点(Engelbrecht et al.,2007; 张春雨等,2008; 祁建等,2007; 唐志尧等,2004)。种群的空间分布结构是种群的主要特征之一,研究昆虫种群的空间分布型对了解昆虫种群的扩散行为、暴发原因、消长规律及可持续性控制具有重要意义(徐汝梅等,2005)。某种昆虫在不同时间、不同栽培模式等层面下的空间分布型相关报道较多(峗薇等,2013; 宋树人等,2008; 郑伯平等,2010; 陈乾锦等,2002),然而大部分研究仅限于了解种群的空间分布型和对聚集度的检测,结论仅止于昆虫的均匀、聚集、随机分布是由昆虫习性与环境共同引起或者由环境条件引起,但具体是哪一种习性或者哪种环境因子为影响其分布的主要因素,后续相关研究较少。
语种:
中文
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我国甜菜夜蛾间歇性暴发频度的大尺度地理差异及其成因分析
作者:
文礼章;文意纯;诸凤丹;文雅峰;杨中侠
期刊:
应用昆虫学报 ,2014年51(1):232-247 ISSN:2095-1353
作者机构:
湖南农业大学植物保护学院,湖南省植物病虫害防控重点实验室 长沙,410128;湖南农业大学植物保护学院,湖南省植物病虫害防控重点实验室 长沙 410128;湖南省常德市农科所 常德 415000
关键词:
甜菜夜蛾;间歇性暴发;地理差异;行政区域;经纬度
摘要:
【目的】为探索我国甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)间歇性大暴发频度的大尺度地理差异及其成因,作者研究和分析了我国1956—2008年52年间共发生的121次甜菜夜蛾大暴发频次地理分布的行政区域特征、纬度特征和经度特征。【方法】首先查阅和整理我国历代以来有关甜菜夜蛾记载和研究的文献,并按时间序列方式进行归纳和总结,得出中国1956—2008年52年间共发生甜菜夜蛾大暴发频次为121年次,然后分别按中国省级行政区域、纬度分级区域和经度分级区域进行重新整理分析,在此基础上,进一步细分出中国不同省区及不同经纬度地区甜菜夜蛾有暴发记录的历年总频次数,然后进行统计分析。【结果】分析结果表明:按省级行政区域进行统计,中国有17省(直辖市)有甜菜夜蛾暴发的记录;按暴发频次多少可分为低频暴发区(记录14次的共有8省市,即天津1、北京1、海南1、湖南1、云南2、广西3、辽宁3、福建3)、中频暴发区(记录59次的共有5省市,即湖北5、安徽7、上海8、江西8、陕西8,占总频次的29.8%)和高频暴发区(记录10次以上的4省市,即山东10、河南13、浙江13、江苏34,占总频次的58%)。按经纬度值进行统计,中国甜菜夜蛾有暴发记录的纬度范围为21.44°41.97°N,即从中国南部的福建莆田至北部的辽宁抚顺都有甜菜夜蛾暴发的记录,经度范围为107.09°123.97°E,即从中国西部的陕西关中至东部的辽宁抚顺都有甜菜夜蛾暴发的记录。而暴发最频繁的纬度范围是28°38°N,约占总频次的89.3%;暴发最频繁的经度范围是113°121°E,约占总频次的81.8%。【结论】中国甜菜夜蛾间歇性暴发区以华北平原和长江中下游平原地区为主,暴发寄主以蔬菜和棉花为主,暴发季节以7—10月为主。甜菜夜蛾间歇性高频暴发区,其地理特征主要为低海拔地区,即平均海拔低于500 m(也有极少部分发生在平均海拔为1 0002 000 m之间的盆地);其气候特征主要为暖温带3 400℃≤活动积温≤4 500℃及亚热带地区4 500℃≤活动积温≤8 000℃、湿润(年降水量≥800 mm)及半湿润地区(400≤年降水量≤800 mm)和亚热带及温带季风气候区(该两个气候区的共同特点是夏季高温多雨,冬季低温少雨或寒冷干燥)。
语种:
中文
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黄瓜疫病生防菌的筛选及鉴定
作者:
孙莉;易图永
作者机构:
[孙莉; 易图永] 湖南农业大学植物保护学院/植物病虫害生物学与防控湖南省重点实验室
会议名称:
中国植物病理学会2014年学术年会
会议时间:
2014-07-29
会议地点:
沈阳
会议论文集名称:
中国植物病理学会2014年学术年会论文集
关键词:
黄瓜疫病;生物防治;弗吉尼亚链霉菌;地衣芽孢杆菌
摘要:
黄瓜疫病是黄瓜生产中的重要土传病害,化学防治效果不佳且存在生态安全问题。筛选、利用有益微生物及其代谢产物来防治黄瓜疫病是实施绿色植保的具体措施。本研究采用土壤稀释法从湖南、北京等地采集的土壤样品中,分离到269株放线菌和细菌,以黄瓜疫霉菌为靶标菌,通过平板对峙培养法,筛选出7株对黄瓜疫霉菌有明显拮抗作用的生防菌株。采用5倍稀释发酵液对黄瓜疫霉菌进行抑菌活性检测,其中放线菌X54和细菌P3抑制率分别
语种:
中文
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Income resources and reproductive opportunities change life history traits and the egg/time limitation trade-off in a synovigenic parasitoid
作者:
Zhang, Yibo;Zhang, Hualong;Yang, Nianwan;Wang, Jinjun;Wan, Fanghao*
期刊:
ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY ,2014年39(6):723-731 ISSN:0307-6946
通讯作者:
Wan, Fanghao
作者机构:
[Yang, Nianwan; Zhang, Yibo; Wan, Fanghao; Zhang, Hualong] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Jinjun; Zhang, Yibo] Southwest Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Key Lab Entomol & Pest Control Engn, Chongqing, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Hualong] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Coll Biosafety Sci & Technol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wan, Fanghao] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Dept Biol Invas, Inst Plant Protect, 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West St, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Wan, Fanghao] C;Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Dept Biol Invas, Inst Plant Protect, 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West St, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Eretmocerus hayati;fecundity;host availability;host feeding;longevity;Ovigeny Index
摘要:
1. Synovigenic parasitoids emerging with no or only a few mature oocytes could not rely on only capital resources, but also need to acquire income resources. Income resources in nature can either contribute to egg maturation as a food resource and/or create unpredictability in realised reproductive opportunities for synovigenic parasitoids. Therefore, we hypothesised such resources could affect life history traits and the risks of egg/time limitation in synovigenic parasitoids. 2. Using the Ovigeny Index, we investigated the effects of various host availability levels (unavailable, limited, and unlimited availability) and non-host foods (water and honey) on life history traits and on the occurrence of egg/time limitation in Eretmocerus hayati, a predominant parasitoid on Bemisia tabaci. 3. The Ovigeny Index of Er. hayati was 0.28, which suggested it was a typical synovigenic species. Both host availability levels and non-food type had major effects on life history traits of this parasitoid, but the availability of hosts for both feeding and reproduction was the key factor. Meanwhile, egg/time limitation was encountered by all wasps and its intensity varied with host availability levels. 4. Our results confirmed that the income resource and reproductive opportunity played a central role in shaping the life history and risks of egg/time limitation of a synovigenic parasitoid. © 2014 The Royal Entomological Society.
语种:
英文
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Resin glycosides from Porana duclouxii
作者:
Ding, Wen-Bing;Zhang, Dai-Gui;Liu, Chun-Jie;Li, Guan-Hua;Li, You-Zhi*
期刊:
亚洲天然物产研究(英文版) ,2014年16(2):135-140 ISSN:1028-6020
通讯作者:
Li, You-Zhi
作者机构:
[Liu, Chun-Jie; Li, You-Zhi; Ding, Wen-Bing; Li, Guan-Hua] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Dis & Ins, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, You-Zhi; Ding, Wen-Bing] Hunan Agr Univ, Natl Res Ctr Engn & Technol Utilizat Bot Funct In, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Dai-Gui] Jishou Univ, Key Lab Plant Resources Conservat & Utilizat, Jishou 416000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Li, You-Zhi] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Dis & Ins, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Porana duclouxii;resin glycoside;triglycoside
摘要:
A new intact resin glycoside (3) and two glycosidic acids (1 and 2), all having a common trisaccharide moiety and (11S)-hydroxytetradecanoic acid or (3S,11S)-dihydroxytetradecanoic acid as the aglycone, were obtained from the roots of Porana duclouxii. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and chemical correlations. These compounds represent the first examples of resin glycosides from the genus Porana.
语种:
英文
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南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒湖南分离物S9片段ORF序列分析
作者:
凌晓曦;刘勇;张松柏;匡炜;彭静;...
期刊:
植物保护 ,2014年40(3):138-142 ISSN:0529-1542
作者机构:
湖南农业大学植物保护学院;[匡炜; 周灏明; 彭静; 张松柏] 湖南省植物保护研究所;[凌晓曦; 张德咏; 刘勇] 湖南农业大学
关键词:
南方水稻黑条矮缩病;S9片段;序列分析
摘要:
本文克隆了湖南省2011-2013年水稻的15个SRBSDV分离物S9两个基因,并测定了其核苷酸序列,序列分析与比较表明,S9两个ORF序列同源性均大于99.5%.突变位点分析表明,S9编码的两个ORF有3~9个突变位点,但大部分的核酸突变为无义突变.系统发育分析表明,S9编码的两个ORF高度同源,处于相同的的系统发育分支.
语种:
中文
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基于形态学与ITS序列对冠突散囊菌多样性研究
作者:
王文涛;赵运林;杨海君;刘石泉;胡治远
期刊:
中国农学通报 ,2014年30(24):310-315 ISSN:1000-6850
作者机构:
湖南农业大学植物保护学院,长沙410128;[刘石泉; 赵运林] 湖南城市学院化学与环境工程学院,湖南益阳413000;[刘石泉; 赵运林] 湖南农业大学生物科学与技术学院,长沙410128;[杨海君; 王文涛] 湖南农业大学;[胡治远] 湖南城市学院
关键词:
冠突散囊菌;形态学;多样性;拮抗
摘要:
为研究茯砖茶中冠突散囊菌多样性的问题,以来自中国3个省份的5种茯砖茶为样品,从中分离出优势微生物金花菌4、16、B1、B3、B7,依托形态学与和分子生物学技术对菌株进行鉴定。结果发现,这5株菌株均属冠突散囊菌,并且存在着遗传多样性,其中16号菌株的电镜观察结果与其他4株菌株差异明显,且菌株子囊孢子的“赤道”周围存在较多小孔;在ITS序列构建系统发育树中4、B1、B3、B7聚类为一组,16号聚类成另一组,说明冠突散嚢菌可能存在亚种,这与形态学结果一致。
语种:
中文
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Weakening density dependence from climate change and agricultural intensification triggers pest outbreaks: A 37- year observation of cotton bollworms
作者:
Ouyang, Fang* ;Hui, Cang;Ge, Saiying;Men, Xin-Yuan;Zhao, Zi-Hua;...
期刊:
Ecology and Evolution ,2014年4(17):3362-3374 ISSN:2045-7758
通讯作者:
Ouyang, Fang
作者机构:
[Ouyang, Fang; Zhang, Yong-Sheng] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest & Rodent, Inst Zool, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.;[Hui, Cang] Univ Stellenbosch, Ctr Invas Biol, Dept Bot & Zool, ZA-7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa.;[Ge, Saiying] Ohio State Univ, Fisher Coll Business, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;[Men, Xin-Yuan] Shandong Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Zi-Hua] China Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Ouyang, Fang] C;Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest & Rodent, Inst Zool, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Climate change;density dependence;human activity;population dynamic;time series;variation partitioning
摘要:
Understanding drivers of population fluctuation, especially for agricultural pests, is central to the provision of agro-ecosystem services. Here, we examine the role of endogenous density dependence and exogenous factors of climate and human activity in regulating the 37-year population dynamics of an important agricultural insect pest, the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), in North China from 1975 to 2011. Quantitative time-series analysis provided strong evidence explaining long-term population dynamics of the cotton bollworm and its driving factors. Rising temperature and declining rainfall exacerbated the effect of agricultural intensification on continuously weakening the negative density dependence in regulating the population dynamics of cotton bollworms. Consequently, ongoing climate change and agricultural intensification unleashed the tightly regulated pest population and triggered the regional outbreak of H. armigera in 1992. Although the negative density dependence can effectively regulate the population change rate to fluctuate around zero at stable equilibrium levels before and after outbreak in the 1992, the population equilibrium jumped to a higher density level with apparently larger amplitudes after the outbreak. The results highlight the possibility for exogenous factors to induce pest outbreaks and alter the population regulating mechanism of negative density dependence and, thus, the stable equilibrium of the pest population, often to a higher level, posing considerable risks to the provision of agroecosystem services and regional food security. Efficient and timely measures of pest management in the era of Anthropocene should target the strengthening and revival of weakening density dependence caused by climate change and human activities. © 2014 The Authors.
语种:
英文
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常德市黄瓜疫病的发生规律研究
作者:
宋晴;易图永;李忠彩
期刊:
现代农业科技 ,2014年(9):128-129,133 ISSN:1007-5739
作者机构:
湖南农业大学植物保护学院,植物病虫害生物学与防控常德市重点实验室,湖南长沙 410128;常德市汉寿县农业局;[李忠彩] 汉寿县农业局;[易图永; 宋晴] 湖南农业大学
关键词:
黄瓜疫病;发生规律;湖南常德
摘要:
黄瓜疫病是常德市黄瓜病害之一,严重制约黄瓜产量。通过田间定点系统调查和气象分析,证明常德市黄瓜疫病的始发期为5月,伴随雨季的到来,黄瓜疫病呈现逐渐加重的趋势。气温在22~26℃,伴随连续降雨,黄瓜疫病流行蔓延速度快,病情加重。疫病与日照存在一定的线性关系,轮作能够减轻病害的发生。
语种:
中文
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棉花黄萎病防治方法研究进展
作者:
章茂林;夏日照;廖晓兰
期刊:
现代农业科技 ,2014年(7):129-131 ISSN:1007-5739
作者机构:
湖南农业大学植物保护学院,湖南长沙,410128;[章茂林; 廖晓兰; 夏日照] 湖南农业大学
关键词:
棉花黄萎病;防治方法;研究进展
摘要:
作为危害严重、世界性的土传性维管束病害之一,棉花黄萎病给农业生产带来了巨大的经济损失;笔者立足国内外现有的棉花黄萎病防治措施如农业防治、化学防治、生物防治等常规防治方法,结合时下新兴的生物有机肥防治、不同防治试剂之间混配等方法对棉花黄萎病防治现状及今后的发展趋势予以综合评述,为棉花黄萎病的防治提供参考。
语种:
中文
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西部地区植保机械化现状调查及发展对策
作者:
黄能科
期刊:
北京农业 ,2014年(27):232-232 ISSN:1000-6966
作者机构:
湖南农业大学植物保护学院,长沙,410128;[黄能科] 湖南农业大学
关键词:
植物保护;使用现状;对策建议
摘要:
植物保护是现代农业发展的一个重要环节,而植保机械使用则是其中的一个非常重要的生产工具。近年来,植保机械使用得到了快速发展,但还存在种类单一、拥有量少等方面的问题。本文在论述植保机械化必要性的基础上,通过分析西部地区植保机械的使用现状,发现其中存在的问题,就新形势下如何有效提高植保机械使用率提出相应对策建议。
语种:
中文
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Hollow-fiber membrane tube embedded with a molecularly imprinted monolithic bar for the microextraction of triazine pesticides
作者:
Chen, Jun;Bai, Lianyang* ;Tian, Mengkui;Zhou, Xiaomao;Zhang, Yuping
期刊:
ANALYTICAL METHODS ,2014年6(2):602-608 ISSN:1759-9660
通讯作者:
Bai, Lianyang
作者机构:
[Chen, Jun; Zhou, Xiaomao; Bai, Lianyang] Hunan Agr Univ, Pesticide Res Inst, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Yuping; Chen, Jun; Tian, Mengkui] Henan Inst Sci & Technol, Xinxiang 453003, Peoples R China.;[Bai, Lianyang] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Bai, Lianyang] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Pesticide Res Inst, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要:
A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) monolith was initially prepared in a silica capillary mold by microwave irradiation. After the silica wall was etched away after polymerization, the resulting monolithic bar was embedded in a porous hollow fiber membrane tube (HFMT), in which a thin supported liquid membrane (SLM) was formed in the pores and an acceptor solution was filled in its lumen. It can be used to overcome the common water-compatibility problem in the MIP application by the developed hollow fiber-liquid-solid microextraction (HFLSME) system. The main factors affecting the selective extraction including extraction and desorption time, extraction solvent in the hollow fiber (HF) lumen, off-line desorption solvent, stirring rate and pH of the sample solution were investigated for HFLSME procedures in detail. Selectivity was also evaluated using the atrazine template molecule, its analogues and non-analogue. The extraction amount for each structurally-related pesticide including atrazine, 2-amino-4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, terbutylazine and ametryn was obtained about 10 times using atrazine-imprinted hollow fiber than that using non-imprinted hollow fiber, whilst no obvious difference was found for its non-analogues of metribuzin. The resulted hollow fibers were successfully applied to detect atrazine and its analogues in lake water coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and resulted in recoveries in the range of 72.8-113.2%, respectively. © 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
语种:
英文
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A novel function of sanshools: The alleviation of injury from metolachlor in rice seedlings
作者:
Tang, Xinke;Zhou, Xiaomao;Wu, Jing;Li, Jingbo;Bai, Lianyang*
期刊:
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology ,2014年110(1):44-49 ISSN:0048-3575
通讯作者:
Bai, Lianyang
作者机构:
[Wu, Jing; Tang, Xinke; Zhou, Xiaomao] Hunan Agr Univ, Inst Pesticide, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Bai, Lianyang] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Tang, Xinke] Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Jingbo; Bai, Lianyang] Hunan Inst Humanities Sci & Technol, Loudi 417000, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Jing] Agr Prod Qual Monitoring Ctr Changsha, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Bai, Lianyang] H;Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Sanshools;Oryza sativa;Safener;Metolachlor;Herbicide injury
摘要:
Szechuan peppers are extensively used as a spice and in traditional medicine in Asia, primarily because of its active compounds, sanshools (S). However, there is only limited mention in agriculture, and there are no papers reporting its use as an herbicide safener. In this study, we provide the first evidence that S can effectively alleviate rice-seedling injury from metolachlor (M). We observed that the M-treated (0.25 mu M) rice seedlings, which were 56.0%, 66.0%, and 57.0% of the non-treated control in shoot height, root length, and fresh biomass, respectively, were recovered by S to 93.1%, 97.6%, and 94.8%, respectively. The emergence rate was enhanced to over 80% in the M+S treatment, whereas it was below 60% in the M treatment. This M+S mixture elevated the rice-seedling root activity to higher than 87.0% of the value for the non-treated control. The activity of glutathione transferases in the combined treatments approximately doubles that of the M treatment and quadruples that of the non-treated controls. This effect was positively correlated with the induced expression of OsGSTU3. Our results suggest that S may represent a new group of safeners and enable the possibility of using these compounds for improving plant production or protecting rice from the phytotoxicity of metolachlor. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
语种:
英文
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