摘要：
Ambrosia trifida is an invasive weed that destroys the local ecological environment, and causes a reduction in population diversity and grassland decline. The evolution of herbicide resistance has also increased the difficulty of managing A. trifida , so interspecific plant competition based on allelopathy has been used as an effective and sustainable ecological alternative. However, how to control A. trifida through interspecific competition and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we found that extracts from both the roots and leaves of the medicinal plant Sigesbeckia glabrescens suppressed the growth of A. trifida by reducing the plant height and biomass. The decrease in biomass may be explained by disruption of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. These disruptions are due to a significant decrease in the expression of genes related to nitrate absorption and transport in roots and a significant decrease in the expression of key genes related to photosynthesis and carbon fixation. Consequently, genes involved in sucrose synthesis are downregulated. In addition, increases in H 2 O 2 content and respiratory burst oxidase homologue ( RbohD ) gene expression suggested that A. trifida underwent oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts, resulting in apoptosis due to the significant upregulation of key genes associated with apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, we identified three main allelochemicals, coumarin, ferulic acid, and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), in S. glabrescens extracts and revealed that the combination of these three compounds could suppress the growth of A. trifida seedlings. The phenotypes and transcriptome profiles of the seedlings treated with these chemicals were the same as those of the seedlings treated with the S. glabrescens extracts. Taken together, the results of this study revealed the mechanism underlying the toxic effects of S. glabrescens on A. trifida , providing a theoretical basis for the use of interspecific plant competition for invasive weed control and further application of S. glabrescens allelochemicals in weed management.
Ambrosia trifida is an invasive weed that destroys the local ecological environment, and causes a reduction in population diversity and grassland decline. The evolution of herbicide resistance has also increased the difficulty of managing A. trifida , so interspecific plant competition based on allelopathy has been used as an effective and sustainable ecological alternative. However, how to control A. trifida through interspecific competition and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we found that extracts from both the roots and leaves of the medicinal plant Sigesbeckia glabrescens suppressed the growth of A. trifida by reducing the plant height and biomass. The decrease in biomass may be explained by disruption of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. These disruptions are due to a significant decrease in the expression of genes related to nitrate absorption and transport in roots and a significant decrease in the expression of key genes related to photosynthesis and carbon fixation. Consequently, genes involved in sucrose synthesis are downregulated. In addition, increases in H 2 O 2 content and respiratory burst oxidase homologue ( RbohD ) gene expression suggested that A. trifida underwent oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts, resulting in apoptosis due to the significant upregulation of key genes associated with apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, we identified three main allelochemicals, coumarin, ferulic acid, and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), in S. glabrescens extracts and revealed that the combination of these three compounds could suppress the growth of A. trifida seedlings. The phenotypes and transcriptome profiles of the seedlings treated with these chemicals were the same as those of the seedlings treated with the S. glabrescens extracts. Taken together, the results of this study revealed the mechanism underlying the toxic effects of S. glabrescens on A. trifida , providing a theoretical basis for the use of interspecific plant competition for invasive weed control and further application of S. glabrescens allelochemicals in weed management.
摘要：
The solitary bee Osmia excavata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) is a key pollinator managed on a large scale. It has been widely used for commercial pollination of fruit trees, vegetables, and other crops with high efficiency in increasing the crop seeding rate, yield, and seed quality in Northern hemisphere. Here, a high-quality chromosome-level genome of O. excavata was generated using PacBio sequencing along with Hi-C technology. The genome size was 207.02 Mb, of which 90.25% of assembled sequences were anchored to 16 chromosomes with a contig N50 of 9,485 kb. Approximately 186.83 Mb, accounting for 27.93% of the genome, was identified as repeat sequences. The genome comprises 12,259 protein-coding genes, 96.24% of which were functionally annotated. Comparative genomics analysis suggested that the common ancestor of O. excavata and Osmia bicornis (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) lived 8.54 million years ago. Furthermore, cytochrome P450 family might be involved in the responses of O. excavata to low-temperature stress. Taken together, the chromosome-level genome assembly of O. excavata provides in-depth knowledge and will be a helpful resource for the pollination biology research.
摘要：
Tiorantraniliprole is a novel diamide insecticide, and the resistance level and mechanism of Spodoptera litura to tiorantraniliprole and the multiresistance mechanism with other diamide insecticides are still unknown. In this study, bioassays showed that field S. litura developed high and medium levels of resistance to tiorantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, and cyantraniliprole. Enzyme activity and synergist bioassay indicated that P450s was the main factor leading to metabolic resistance to tiorantraniliprole. Transcriptome sequencing and qPCR showed that CYP6B50 was upregulated by tiorantraniliprole induction and overexpressed in the field-resistant strain. RNA interference and transgenic fruit fly indicated that CYP6B50 was involved in multiresistance to tiorantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, and cyantraniliprole. In addition, a target mutation site I4723M in RyR was detected in the field-resistant strain. Further genetic crossing and insecticides docking confirmed that the I4723M mutation involved in chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole resistance also mediated resistance to tiorantraniliprole. This study comprehensively elucidated the mechanisms of resistance to diamide insecticides from both metabolic and target-site resistance in S. litura.
摘要：
INTRODUCTION: Thioredoxins (TRX) are redox-active proteins critical for plant stress adaptation. As a TRX family member, nucleoredoxin (NRX) maintains drought-induced redox homeostasis, yet its genome-wide characterization in rice remains uninvestigated. METHODS: Using HMMER3.0 (E-value <1e-5) and TBtools, we identified OsNRX genes across three rice varieties (Minghui63, Nipponbare, 9311). Conserved domains were verified by SMART/CDD, while promoter cis-elements were systematically predicted with PlantCARE. Tissue-specific expression patterns were analyzed using RiceXPro data, and drought responses were quantified via qRT-PCR in drought-tolerant (Jiangnong Zao 1B) versus sensitive (TAISEN GLUTINOUS YU 1157) varieties under PEG6000 stress. RESULTS: Ten OsNRX genes were classified into three subfamilies (NRX1/NRX2/NRX3) exhibiting conserved domain architectures. Promoter analysis identified abundant stress-responsive elements (ABRE, MBS) and phytohormone signals (ABA/JA/SA). Tissue-specific expression profiles revealed NRX1a dominance in roots/hulls, versus NRX1b/NRX2 enrichment in endosperm. Drought stress triggered rapid OsNRX upregulation (20-53-fold within 3-6h), with tolerant varieties showing earlier NRX2 activation than sensitive counterparts. DISCUSSION: OsNRX genes exhibit dynamic drought-responsive regulation, while their spatiotemporal expression in glumes, embryos, and endosperm suggests potential dual roles in stress adaptation and grain development. These results provide molecular targets for improving drought resilience in rice breeding.
期刊：
Frontiers in Genetics,2025年16:1587854 ISSN：1664-8021
通讯作者：
Jin, X;Jin, Xin;Wang, YY
作者机构：
[Liu, Huanhuan; Jin, Xin; Zhang, Yifan; Jin, X] BGI Res, Chongqing, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Yingying; Jin, Xin; Yang, Qianxun; Chen, Hongce; Zhang, Yifan; Jin, X; Chen, Shuo] BGI Res, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Yifan] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Yingying; Jin, Xin; Zhang, Yifan; Jin, X] BGI Res, Shenzhen Key Lab Trans Biotechnol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Jianfeng] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 8, Dept Neurol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jin, X; Jin, X ; Wang, YY ] B;BGI Res, Chongqing, Peoples R China.;BGI Res, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;BGI Res, Shenzhen Key Lab Trans Biotechnol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;BGI Res, State Key Lab Genome & Multiomics Technol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.
关键词：
disease profile;hypoxia-ischemia;omics;risk assessment;shared features
摘要：
The hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) diseases share some common mechanisms which may help to delay the diseases' processing. However, the shared features are still unclear due to the lack of large scale high-quality multi - omics data that specifically target the same disease, population, and tissues/cells. In this study, we developed a novel risk assessment method to analyze four H-I diseases including eclampsia/preeclampsia (PE), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC), and ischemic stroke (IS). A combined new evaluation score was designed to integrate evaluation information from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in previous researches. Genes were then divided into different groups according to their risk assessment score. The most significant group (direct biomarkers) contained genes with direct evidence of association to H-I disease: PIEZO2 and HPGD (shared), TSIX and SAA1 (PAH - specific), GSTM1, DNTT, and IGKC (HAPC - specific), LEP, SERPINA3, and ARHGEF4 (PE - specific), CD3D, ITK, and RPL18A (IS - specific). The groups 'Intermediate crucial biomarkers' contained genes played important roles in H-I disease related biological processes: CXCL8 (shared), HBG2, GRIN2A, and FGFBP1 (PAH - specific), FAM111B (HAPC - specific), C12orf39 and SLAMF1 (PE - specific). The genes lacking disease-association evidence but with similar characteristics with the above two groups were considered as 'potential minor-effect biomarkers': are SRRM2 - AS1 (shared), ATP8A1 (PAH - specific), RXFP1 and HJURP (HAPC - specific), HIST1H1T (PE - specific). With the development of biological experiments, these intermediate crucial and potential minor-effect biomarkers may be proved to be direct biomarkers in the future. Therefore, these biomarkers may serve as an entry point for subsequent research and are of great significance.
作者机构：
[Jiang, Yingli; Liu, Xiaoshuang] College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China;[Qin, Ruiying; Xu, Rongfang; Li, Juan] Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Improvement, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China;Research Centre for Biological Breeding Technology, Advance Academy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China;[Luo, Zhaopeng] China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China;[Pan, Lang] College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
通讯机构：
[Juan Li] A;[Pengcheng Wei] C;Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Improvement, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China<&wdkj&>College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China<&wdkj&>Research Centre for Biological Breeding Technology, Advance Academy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
关键词：
CRISPR;TadA variants;UNG;base editing;plants
摘要：
Plant cytosine (C)-to-guanine (G) base editors (CGBEs) have been established but suffer from limited editing efficiencies and low outcome purities. This study engineered a cod uracil DNA glycosylase (cod UNG, coUNG) from the cold-adapted fish Gadus morhua for plant CGBE, demonstrating 1.71- to 2.54-fold increases in C-to-G editing efficiency compared with the CGBE using human UNG (hUNG). Further engineering took advantage of TadA-8e-derived cytidine deaminases (TadA-CDs). These variants induced C substitutions with efficiencies ranging from 26.28% to 30.82% in rice cells, whereas adenine (A) conversion was negligible. By integrating coUNG and TadA-CDc elements with SpCas9 nickase, the resulting CDc-CGBEco achieved pure C-to-G editing without byproducts in up to 52.08% of transgenic lines. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis revealed no significant off-target effects of the CDc-BEs in rice. In addition, CDc-CGBEco enabled precise C-to-G editing in soybean and tobacco. These engineered CGBEs enhanced editing efficiency, purity, and specificity, suggesting their broad potential for applications in scientific research and crop breeding.
Plant cytosine (C)-to-guanine (G) base editors (CGBEs) have been established but suffer from limited editing efficiencies and low outcome purities. This study engineered a cod uracil DNA glycosylase (cod UNG, coUNG) from the cold-adapted fish Gadus morhua for plant CGBE, demonstrating 1.71- to 2.54-fold increases in C-to-G editing efficiency compared with the CGBE using human UNG (hUNG). Further engineering took advantage of TadA-8e-derived cytidine deaminases (TadA-CDs). These variants induced C substitutions with efficiencies ranging from 26.28% to 30.82% in rice cells, whereas adenine (A) conversion was negligible. By integrating coUNG and TadA-CDc elements with SpCas9 nickase, the resulting CDc-CGBEco achieved pure C-to-G editing without byproducts in up to 52.08% of transgenic lines. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis revealed no significant off-target effects of the CDc-BEs in rice. In addition, CDc-CGBEco enabled precise C-to-G editing in soybean and tobacco. These engineered CGBEs enhanced editing efficiency, purity, and specificity, suggesting their broad potential for applications in scientific research and crop breeding.
摘要：
The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a notorious invasive pest wreaking havoc on various crops globally. Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) are viral pathogens that specially target lepidopteran pests. However, the homologous virus, Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), has not been commercialized in China. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying heterologous virus-host interactions can inform the design of virus-based insecticides for controlling S. frugiperda. The pathogenicity of the four heterologous NPVs on S. frugiperda varied greatly. Mamestra brassicae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (MbMNPV) exhibited the most potent virulence on larvae and induced the most robust sublethal effects on adults. Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) infection was characterized by more moderate pathogenicity, and larvae were relatively resistant to Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) and Spodoptera litura multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlMNPV). Larval mortality was virus-concentration and larval stage dependent. Specifically, the corrected mortality rate of third instar larvae after treatment with 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 OBs/mL MbMNPV was 88.9 %, 100.0 %, and 100.0 %, respectively. All four NPVs negatively affected the longevity and fecundity of S. frugiperda adults. Female adults surviving treatment with MbMNPV and SeMNPV were unable to lay eggs. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MbMNPV infection might suppress the antiviral immune response, and dysregulate biological pathways of S. frugiperda larvae to facilitate systemic infection. However, the overall transcript profiles remain unchanged after SlMNPV infection. The results reinforce the potential of NPVs, specifically MbMNPV, as potent biocontrol agents for S. frugiperda. These findings yield valuable insights into the complex arms race between S. frugiperda and NPVs that may advance the development of virus-based strategies to mitigate the destructive impact of this pest.
The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a notorious invasive pest wreaking havoc on various crops globally. Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) are viral pathogens that specially target lepidopteran pests. However, the homologous virus, Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), has not been commercialized in China. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying heterologous virus-host interactions can inform the design of virus-based insecticides for controlling S. frugiperda. The pathogenicity of the four heterologous NPVs on S. frugiperda varied greatly. Mamestra brassicae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (MbMNPV) exhibited the most potent virulence on larvae and induced the most robust sublethal effects on adults. Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) infection was characterized by more moderate pathogenicity, and larvae were relatively resistant to Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) and Spodoptera litura multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlMNPV). Larval mortality was virus-concentration and larval stage dependent. Specifically, the corrected mortality rate of third instar larvae after treatment with 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 OBs/mL MbMNPV was 88.9 %, 100.0 %, and 100.0 %, respectively. All four NPVs negatively affected the longevity and fecundity of S. frugiperda adults. Female adults surviving treatment with MbMNPV and SeMNPV were unable to lay eggs. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MbMNPV infection might suppress the antiviral immune response, and dysregulate biological pathways of S. frugiperda larvae to facilitate systemic infection. However, the overall transcript profiles remain unchanged after SlMNPV infection. The results reinforce the potential of NPVs, specifically MbMNPV, as potent biocontrol agents for S. frugiperda. These findings yield valuable insights into the complex arms race between S. frugiperda and NPVs that may advance the development of virus-based strategies to mitigate the destructive impact of this pest.
作者机构：
[Heba A. H. Zaghloul; Zhengkun Xiao] Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China;[Heba A. H. Zaghloul] Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt;[Zhengkun Xiao] Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China;[Hengrui Hu] State Key Laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China;[Guo-Hua Huang] Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China. ghhuang@hunau.edu.cn
通讯机构：
[Huang, Guo-Hua] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China.;Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China.
摘要：
Synthetic biology is a young but rapidly growing field that allows for assembling long DNA fragments, including complete chromosomes. A key approach for long-DNA assembly is the Transformation Associated Recombination (TAR), which relies on efficient homologous recombination in yeast cells. Recent reports indicate that the TAR method efficiently assembles some human and animal viruses characterized by their large DNA genome size. The application of the TAR method to synthesize long DNA fragments derived from insect viruses is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the TAR approach for the construction of a long DNA fragment (>44.6 Kb) from the insecticidal Heliothesis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h) dsDNA genome to assess the suitability of this approach in genome-wide engineering studies in this family of viruses. The long DNA fragment assembly process involved three stages: first, we amplified 15 segments of about 2.9–3.2 Kb each via PCR. Next, we recombined these segments through three parallel TAR cycles, producing medium-sized fragments of about 15 Kb. Finally, we assembled these fragments in a single TAR cycle to form a long DNA fragment of about 44.6 kb. We identified some positive clones by colony PCR or restriction digestion pattern. To assess the quality of the assembled DNA fragment, we conducted next-generation sequencing (NGS). A comparative analysis of Sanger sequencing for medium-sized fragments and NGS data from the synthesized long-DNA fragment demonstrated a nearly matched mutation profile, suggesting that the identified mutations and deletions were present at initial synthesis. Both datasets aligned with the reference HvAV-3h strain, revealing three specific nucleotide mutations and three unique mutation regions. Overall, the in vivo TAR assembly method efficiently assembled a long DNA fragment derived from the ascovirus genome as a template. The process is cost-effective and can be scaled up to synthesize the entire genome for gene functional studies.
摘要：
Aphis gossypii is a highly polyphagous pest that causes substantial agricultural damage. Temperature and insecticides are two major abiotic stresses affecting their population abundance. Heat shock proteins play an essential role in cell protection when insects are exposed to environmental stresses. Three ApHsp70 genes were cloned from A. gossypii, and characterized their molecular features and expression profiles in response to temperature and insecticide stress. The deduced amino acid sequences of these proteins exhibited characteristic Hsp70 family signatures, and their tissue-specific expression patterns revealed their highest activity to be in the salivary glands under 35 °C. The temperature inductive assay further indicated that the expression of the three ApHsp70 genes was markedly upregulated under heat stress but not under cold shock. Furthermore, exposure to LC(25) and LC(50) concentrations of three insecticides triggered the upregulation of these ApHsp70 genes. The RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated suppression of ApHsp68 expression heightened cotton aphid's susceptibility to insecticides (acetamiprid and sulfoxaflor). Moreover, our study found that the sulfoxaflor-resistant strain of A. gossypii (Sul-R) displayed a higher survival rate compared with the sulfoxaflor-sensitive strain (Sul-S) under heat shock conditions. These results suggest that these three ApHsp70 genes play an essential role in response to both heat and insecticide stress.
摘要：
Black-grass ( Alopecurus myosuroides ), one of the most economically destructive herbicide-resistant weeds in Europe, is rapidly expanding in winter wheat regions of China. In recent years, the recommended application rate of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl in the field has failed to effectively control Alopecurus myosuroides populations, thereby threatening wheat yields at risk. In this study, we collected a suspected herbicide-resistant population (R-HB) of Alopecurus myosuroides from a wheat field in Hebei Province and confirmed its resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, with a resistance index of 26.73-fold. Sensitivity analyses of other ACCase-inhibiting herbicides revealed cross-resistance in the R-HB population to clethodim and pinoxaden. Molecular analysis indicated that the resistance phenotype in this population was not due to alterations in the target site. Pretreatment with the cytochrome P450 (P450) inhibitor malathion partially reversed fenoxaprop-P-ethyl resistance in the R-HB population. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR validation revealed the constitutive overexpression of the P450 gene CYP71AF43 in the R-HB population. Molecular docking predictions suggest that the CYP71AF43 protein may have metabolic activity toward fenoxaprop-P-ethyl. In genetically modified yeast, overexpression of AmCYP71AF43 was found to enhance tolerance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, but not to clethodim and pinoxaden. Additionally, rice calli overexpressing the AmCYP71AF43 gene exhibited resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, but not to clethodim or pinoxaden. Collectively, the increased expression of CYP71AF43 may enhance P450-mediated metabolism, conferring resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl in the R-HB population. This is the first report of this mechanism in Alopecurus myosuroides . This discovery provides a novel perspective for the in-depth analysis of resistance mechanisms in weeds against the ACCase-inhibiting herbicide fenoxaprop-P-ethyl.
Black-grass ( Alopecurus myosuroides ), one of the most economically destructive herbicide-resistant weeds in Europe, is rapidly expanding in winter wheat regions of China. In recent years, the recommended application rate of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl in the field has failed to effectively control Alopecurus myosuroides populations, thereby threatening wheat yields at risk. In this study, we collected a suspected herbicide-resistant population (R-HB) of Alopecurus myosuroides from a wheat field in Hebei Province and confirmed its resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, with a resistance index of 26.73-fold. Sensitivity analyses of other ACCase-inhibiting herbicides revealed cross-resistance in the R-HB population to clethodim and pinoxaden. Molecular analysis indicated that the resistance phenotype in this population was not due to alterations in the target site. Pretreatment with the cytochrome P450 (P450) inhibitor malathion partially reversed fenoxaprop-P-ethyl resistance in the R-HB population. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR validation revealed the constitutive overexpression of the P450 gene CYP71AF43 in the R-HB population. Molecular docking predictions suggest that the CYP71AF43 protein may have metabolic activity toward fenoxaprop-P-ethyl. In genetically modified yeast, overexpression of AmCYP71AF43 was found to enhance tolerance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, but not to clethodim and pinoxaden. Additionally, rice calli overexpressing the AmCYP71AF43 gene exhibited resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, but not to clethodim or pinoxaden. Collectively, the increased expression of CYP71AF43 may enhance P450-mediated metabolism, conferring resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl in the R-HB population. This is the first report of this mechanism in Alopecurus myosuroides . This discovery provides a novel perspective for the in-depth analysis of resistance mechanisms in weeds against the ACCase-inhibiting herbicide fenoxaprop-P-ethyl.
摘要：
INTRODUCTION: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of cardiovascular-related deaths. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) offer effective therapy without injections or blood monitoring. This bibliometric analysis explores the research on NOACs for preventing VTE and pulmonary embolism. METHODS: Literature up to July 20, 2024, was searched in Web of Science Core Collection. Citespace software was used for screening and analysis. RESULTS: In this study, we analyzed 2124 articles and 767 reviews from 11,282 institutions across 528 countries and regions, encompassing 830 publications and 60 research directions. The USA led in publication count, followed by Germany and Canada. Cardiovascular System Cardiology, Hematology, and General Internal Medicine were the top research areas, while THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS was the leading journal. From 2004 to 2024, we observed accelerated publication growth, particularly from 2008, highlighting the emergence of NOACs as a major research focus. Key contributors, including Bengt I. Eriksson, and major institutions like Harvard Medical School and University of Amsterdam, played pivotal roles in advancing anticoagulant research. Co-citation and keyword clustering analyses revealed research hotspots in NOACs, cancer-associated venous thromboembolism, stroke prevention, and COVID-19-related thrombotic events, reflecting a shift towards individualized anticoagulation therapy and the growing importance of NOACs in various clinical contexts. CONCLUSION: The development of NOACs has progressed rapidly, with an increasing number of publications, indicating the lead research in the United States and other Western nations. Comparative studies on the safety and efficacy of NOACs have become a significant focus, shifting from traditional anticoagulants. Pharmacogenetics-guided use of NOACS shows new hope of precision medicine.
摘要：
Southern corn rust (SCR), caused by Puccinia polysora (P. polysora), is a major foliar disease that threatens global maize production. Current SCR management strategies prioritize genetic resistance and chemical control, but how foliar endophytic fungal communities modulate host susceptibility to P. polysora remains poorly understood. In this study, we profiled the endophytic communities in P. polysora-infected and noninfected maize leaves across 14 geographically distinct regions in eastern China. Our results revealed that P. polysora infection significantly altered the foliar endophytic community, with infected leaves exhibiting higher OTU richness (722 vs. 572 OTUs) while reducing community evenness. Diversity metrics were significantly altered, with significant reductions in Shannon diversity and Chao1 index values for noninfected states. Network analysis revealed that infection caused a notable reduction in microbial connectivity and complexity, particularly in low- and medium-susceptibility regions, where positive intertaxa associations declined by 42.6% and 35.3%, respectively. High-susceptibility region networks retained greater stability, suggesting differential microbial resilience under pathogen pressure. Redundancy analysis further demonstrated that temperature was the dominant environmental factor shaping microbial assemblages, especially under infection conditions. Notably, correlation analysis further revealed that Alternaria was positively associated with host resistance (r = 0.37, p = 0.05), underscoring its potential role in enhancing resistance to P. polysora. Conversely, Dioszegia and Naganishia were negatively correlated with resistance (r = -0.36, p = 0.056; r = -0.34, p = 0.074, respectively), implying potential roles in facilitating infection. This study reveals key mechanistic links between foliar endophyte communities and SCR infection, providing a basis for sustainable biocontrol interventions in maize.
作者：
Wang, Ya Rong;Zhong, Jie;Yang, Zhijuan;Chen, Yi;Su, Jia En
期刊：
Archives of Virology,2025年170(5):103 ISSN：0304-8608
通讯作者：
Su, JE;Chen, Y
作者机构：
[Wang, Ya Rong] Gansu Agr Univ, Sino US Ctr Grazingland Ecosyst Sustainabil, Key Lab Grassland Ecosyst,Coll Pratacultural Sci, Pratacultural Engn Lab Gansu Prov,Minist Educ, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R China.;[Zhong, Jie; Wang, Ya Rong] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Dis & Ins, Nongda Rd 1, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Su, Jia En; Yang, Zhijuan; Su, JE] Dali Tobacco Co Yunnan Prov, Dali City 671000, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Yi; Chen, Y] Yunnan Acad Tobacco Agr Sci, Kunming City 650021, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Su, JE ] D;[Chen, Y ] Y;Dali Tobacco Co Yunnan Prov, Dali City 671000, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China.;Yunnan Acad Tobacco Agr Sci, Kunming City 650021, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China.
摘要：
In this study, we isolated a novel double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus from the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum cliviicola, designated as "Colletotrichum cliviicola partitivirus 1" (CcPV1). The complete genome of CcPV1 comprises two dsRNA fragments, referred to as dsRNA1 and dsRNA2, which are 1,756 bp and 1,485 bp in length, respectively. Each dsRNA segment contains an open reading frame (ORF), with the larger ORF1 in dsRNA 1 encoding the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and the smaller ORF2 in dsRNA 2 encoding the capsid protein (CP). Sequence comparisons revealed that the RdRp of CcPV1 shares the highest amino acid sequence identity (76.35%) with the RdRp of Nigrospora sphaerica partitivirus 1 (NsPV1). Phylogenetic analysis based on both RdRp and CP sequences indicated that CcPV1 is a member of the genus Gammapartitivirus of the family Partitiviridae. This is the first report of a gammapartitivirus in C. cliviicola.
作者：
Na Xu;Dong Yu;Longhui Zhang;Tiankang Wang;Zhongxiao Hu;...
期刊：
作物学报(英文版),2025年 ISSN：2095-5421
通讯作者：
Zheming Yuan<&wdkj&>Shufeng Song<&wdkj&>Li Li
作者机构：
[Zheming Yuan] Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Centre for Agricultural Big Data Analysis & Decision-making, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128 Changsha, Hunan, China;[Longhui Zhang; Tiankang Wang; Zhongxiao Hu] State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125 Hunan, China;Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128 Hunan, China;[Quanqiang Lei; Yingxin Qiu] Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125 Hunan, China;[Na Xu] Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Centre for Agricultural Big Data Analysis & Decision-making, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128 Changsha, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128 Hunan, China
通讯机构：
[Zheming Yuan] H;[Shufeng Song; Li Li] S;State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125 Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128 Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125 Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Centre for Agricultural Big Data Analysis & Decision-making, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128 Changsha, Hunan, China
摘要：
The three-line hybrid rice system, which relies on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), faces challenges in breeding efficiency. To address these challenges, we developed CMS engineering breeding technology (CEBT). First, we constructed a complementation vector containing the fertility restoration module Double Rf4-Rf20 , sorting marker gene DsRed2 , and pollen lethal gene ZmAA1 , then transformed this into a CMS line. We obtained reproductive lines without alterations to main agronomic traits, which can produce engineering sterile lines (ESL) and reproductive line seeds at a 1:1 ratio by self-crossing. CEBT converts the traditional three-line system into an efficient ‘new two-line’ hybrid framework: the reproductive line is improved while simultaneously improving the ESL which significantly shortens the breeding process for three-line hybrid rice.
The three-line hybrid rice system, which relies on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), faces challenges in breeding efficiency. To address these challenges, we developed CMS engineering breeding technology (CEBT). First, we constructed a complementation vector containing the fertility restoration module Double Rf4-Rf20 , sorting marker gene DsRed2 , and pollen lethal gene ZmAA1 , then transformed this into a CMS line. We obtained reproductive lines without alterations to main agronomic traits, which can produce engineering sterile lines (ESL) and reproductive line seeds at a 1:1 ratio by self-crossing. CEBT converts the traditional three-line system into an efficient ‘new two-line’ hybrid framework: the reproductive line is improved while simultaneously improving the ESL which significantly shortens the breeding process for three-line hybrid rice.
通讯机构：
[Zhou, XG ] U;[Bai, LY ; Luo, K ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Hunan Weed Sci Key Lab, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;Univ Illinois, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Sch Integrat Biol, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
关键词：
Quizalofop-p-ethyl;Priestia megaterium;QpmH
摘要：
Within the rhizosphere, a rich population of biocontrol bacteria serves as a valuable resource for the biodegradation of environmental herbicides. This study aimed to evaluate rhizospheric microorganisms for their potential to degrade Quizalofop-p-ethyl, a widely used herbicide to control annual and perennial weeds in a variety of crops. A bacterial strain, MJ-8, isolated from cotton rhizosphere soil, demonstrated significant degradation activity. Based on morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA sequencing, the strain was identified as Priestia megaterium . Strain MJ-8 achieved a degradation rate of 90.65 % for Quizalofop-p-ethyl. Genomic analysis and amino acid sequence alignment revealed a key gene, designated QpmH, encoding a 30 kDa protein with strong biodegradation activity. Heterologous expression of the QpmH gene confirmed its role in Quizalofop-p-ethyl degradation. Molecular docking studies and structural modeling further elucidated the enzymatic mechanisms, supported by the analysis of their degradation products. Additionally, when QpmH gene was introduced into rice plants through Agrobacterium -mediated transformation, the resultant transformant conferred resistance to Quizalofop-p-ethyl at the recommended application dose. These findings highlight Priestia megaterium strain MJ-8 as a promising biological agent for sustainable herbicide management and position the QpmH gene as a potential new target for developing herbicide-resistant crops.
Within the rhizosphere, a rich population of biocontrol bacteria serves as a valuable resource for the biodegradation of environmental herbicides. This study aimed to evaluate rhizospheric microorganisms for their potential to degrade Quizalofop-p-ethyl, a widely used herbicide to control annual and perennial weeds in a variety of crops. A bacterial strain, MJ-8, isolated from cotton rhizosphere soil, demonstrated significant degradation activity. Based on morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA sequencing, the strain was identified as Priestia megaterium . Strain MJ-8 achieved a degradation rate of 90.65 % for Quizalofop-p-ethyl. Genomic analysis and amino acid sequence alignment revealed a key gene, designated QpmH, encoding a 30 kDa protein with strong biodegradation activity. Heterologous expression of the QpmH gene confirmed its role in Quizalofop-p-ethyl degradation. Molecular docking studies and structural modeling further elucidated the enzymatic mechanisms, supported by the analysis of their degradation products. Additionally, when QpmH gene was introduced into rice plants through Agrobacterium -mediated transformation, the resultant transformant conferred resistance to Quizalofop-p-ethyl at the recommended application dose. These findings highlight Priestia megaterium strain MJ-8 as a promising biological agent for sustainable herbicide management and position the QpmH gene as a potential new target for developing herbicide-resistant crops.
期刊：
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE,2025年16:1554992 ISSN：1664-462X
通讯作者：
Chen, W;Yi, K;Liu, TB
作者机构：
[Xie, Lin; Jiang, Shiya; Wang, Yunsheng; He, Haoxin; Chen, Wu; Liu, Qian] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Yi, K; Gao, Zhihao; Yi, Ke; Xiang, Dong; Tan, Ge; Yang, Lei; Kang, Lifu; Jing, Yongfeng] China Tobacco Hunan Ind Co Ltd, Tobacco Leaf Raw Mat Procurement Ctr, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Tianbo; Liu, TB] Hunan Tobacco Sci Res Inst, Plant Protect Res Ctr, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yi, K ] C;[Chen, W ; Liu, TB ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha, Peoples R China.;China Tobacco Hunan Ind Co Ltd, Tobacco Leaf Raw Mat Procurement Ctr, Changsha, Peoples R China.;Hunan Tobacco Sci Res Inst, Plant Protect Res Ctr, Changsha, Peoples R China.
摘要：
INTRODUCTION: Bacterial wilt (BW) caused by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum is a devastating soil-borne disease. Bacteriophages are important biocontrol resources that rapidly and specifically lyse host bacteria, showing good application potential in agricultural production. METHODS: This study isolated nine phages (YL1-YL9) and, using host range and pot experiments, identified two broader host range phages (YL1 and YL4) and two higher control efficacy phages (YL2 and YL3), which were combined to obtain five cocktails (BPC-1-BPC-5). RESULTS: Pot experiments showed that BPC-1 (YL3 and YL4) had the highest control efficacy (99.25%). Biological characterization revealed that these four phages had substantial thermal stability and pH tolerance. Whole genome sequencing and analysis showed that YL1, YL2, YL3, and YL4 belonged to the genus Gervaisevirus. AlphaFold 3 predictions of tail fiber protein II structures showed that YL1 differed significantly from the other phages. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that the ORF66 (YL1) "tip domain" of contained a higher proportion of aromatic and positively charged amino acids. However, the surface of the ORF69 (YL4) "tip domain" exhibited more positively charged residues than ORF66 (YL2) and ORF70 (YL3). These characteristics are hypothesized to confer a broader host range to YL1 and YL4. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates that phages assembling a broad host range and high control efficacy have better biocontrol potential, providing high-quality resources for the biological control of BW.
摘要：
The ubiquitination pathway is extensively involved in regulation of plant biological processes, such as growth, development, disease resistance, and so on. Our previous study showed that the Arabidopsis U-box protein PUB13 regulates plant cell death, immunity and development. Here, we report that the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of PUB13 is required for PUB13 regulating plant size, flowering time, and immunity based on the biological processes analysis on PUB13 enzyme activity loss mutant. Further, we identified a Copine protein BON1 interacting with PUB13, and it was ubiquitinated by PUB13. Interestingly, knock out of BON1 in pub13 mutant further strengthens its phenotypes of retarded growth and early flowering. In addition, knock out of BON1 further enhanced resistance of pub13 to biotrophic pathogen. On the contrary, pub13bon1 double mutant was more susceptible to necrotrophic pathogen compared to pub13 and bon1 single mutants. The synergy effect between PUB13 and BON1 also existed in aspect of regulating pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). These results indicate that the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity is required for PUB13 regulating biological functions, and BON1 synergistically interacts with PUB13 to regulate plant growth, flowering, and immunity in Arabidopsis.
