摘要：
Rhizoctonia solani is a widespread and destructive plant pathogenic fungus that infects numerous important crops, including tobacco, where it causes tobacco target spot, a disease that severely impacts production. In this study, a strain ZZ-48, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of forests, exhibited strong antifungal activity with a 79.39 % inhibition rate against R. solani and various other fungal pathogens. Strain ZZ-48 was identified as Kitasatospora purpureofusca based on its phenotypic, physiological and biochemical, and genetic characteristics. This strain significantly reduced the development of tobacco target spot both in vitro and in vivo . ZZ-48 treatment significantly disrupted the mycelia structure of R. solani . Furthermore, the culture filtrate disrupted plasma membrane integrity and promoted reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation in the mycelia of R. solani . Additionally, ZZ-48 secreted multiple extracellular enzymes and siderophores. Bioactive metabolites were inferred to be present in the crude lipopeptide extracts, which exhibited a median effect concentration (EC 50 ) value of 1.60 ± 0.18 μg/mL. Furthermore, several key biosynthetic gene clusters (BCGs) associated with the synthesis of bioactive metabolites were found in the genome of ZZ-48 using antiSMASH. Overall, strain ZZ-48 holds significant potential as a biocontrol agent for managing tobacco target spot.
Rhizoctonia solani is a widespread and destructive plant pathogenic fungus that infects numerous important crops, including tobacco, where it causes tobacco target spot, a disease that severely impacts production. In this study, a strain ZZ-48, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of forests, exhibited strong antifungal activity with a 79.39 % inhibition rate against R. solani and various other fungal pathogens. Strain ZZ-48 was identified as Kitasatospora purpureofusca based on its phenotypic, physiological and biochemical, and genetic characteristics. This strain significantly reduced the development of tobacco target spot both in vitro and in vivo . ZZ-48 treatment significantly disrupted the mycelia structure of R. solani . Furthermore, the culture filtrate disrupted plasma membrane integrity and promoted reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation in the mycelia of R. solani . Additionally, ZZ-48 secreted multiple extracellular enzymes and siderophores. Bioactive metabolites were inferred to be present in the crude lipopeptide extracts, which exhibited a median effect concentration (EC 50 ) value of 1.60 ± 0.18 μg/mL. Furthermore, several key biosynthetic gene clusters (BCGs) associated with the synthesis of bioactive metabolites were found in the genome of ZZ-48 using antiSMASH. Overall, strain ZZ-48 holds significant potential as a biocontrol agent for managing tobacco target spot.
摘要：
INTRODUCTION: Thioredoxins (TRX) are redox-active proteins critical for plant stress adaptation. As a TRX family member, nucleoredoxin (NRX) maintains drought-induced redox homeostasis, yet its genome-wide characterization in rice remains uninvestigated. METHODS: Using HMMER3.0 (E-value <1e-5) and TBtools, we identified OsNRX genes across three rice varieties (Minghui63, Nipponbare, 9311). Conserved domains were verified by SMART/CDD, while promoter cis-elements were systematically predicted with PlantCARE. Tissue-specific expression patterns were analyzed using RiceXPro data, and drought responses were quantified via qRT-PCR in drought-tolerant (Jiangnong Zao 1B) versus sensitive (TAISEN GLUTINOUS YU 1157) varieties under PEG6000 stress. RESULTS: Ten OsNRX genes were classified into three subfamilies (NRX1/NRX2/NRX3) exhibiting conserved domain architectures. Promoter analysis identified abundant stress-responsive elements (ABRE, MBS) and phytohormone signals (ABA/JA/SA). Tissue-specific expression profiles revealed NRX1a dominance in roots/hulls, versus NRX1b/NRX2 enrichment in endosperm. Drought stress triggered rapid OsNRX upregulation (20-53-fold within 3-6h), with tolerant varieties showing earlier NRX2 activation than sensitive counterparts. DISCUSSION: OsNRX genes exhibit dynamic drought-responsive regulation, while their spatiotemporal expression in glumes, embryos, and endosperm suggests potential dual roles in stress adaptation and grain development. These results provide molecular targets for improving drought resilience in rice breeding.
摘要：
Pinus massoniana Lamb. is an economically important conifer native to China. However, it is highly susceptible to the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, PWN), the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), resulting in substantial ecological and economic losses. To elucidate potential molecular defense mechanisms, 50 NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factors (PmNACs) were identified in the P. massoniana genome. Phylogenetic analysis divided these PmNACs into seven subfamilies, and motif analysis identified ten conserved motifs associated with stress responses. Twenty-three genes were selected for expression analysis in various tissues and under exogenous salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and PWN infection. Six genes (PmNAC1, PmNAC8, PmNAC9, PmNAC17, PmNAC18, and PmNAC20) were significantly up-regulated by both hormonal treatment and PWN infection, implying their involvement in JA/SA-mediated immune pathways. Functional characterization showed PmNAC8 is a nuclear-localized transcription factor with autoactivation activity. Furthermore, transient overexpression of PmNAC8 in Nicotiana benthamiana induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and necrotic lesions. Collectively, these results elucidate NAC-mediated defense responses to PWN infection in P. massoniana and identify candidate genes for developing PWD-resistant pine varieties.
摘要：
Capsicum (pepper) is an economically vital genus in the Solanaceae family, with most species possessing about 3 Gb genomes. However, the recently sequenced Capsicum rhomboideum (~1.7 Gb) represents the first reported case of an extremely compact genome in Capsicum, providing a unique and ideal model for studying genome size evolution. To elucidate the mechanisms driving this variation, we performed comparative genomic analyses between the compact Capsicum rhomboideum and the reference Capsicum annuum cv. CM334 (~2.9 Gb). Although their genome size differences initially suggested whole-genome duplication (WGD) as a potential driver, both species shared two ancient WGD events with identical timing, predating their divergence and thus ruling out WGD as a direct contributor to their size difference. Instead, transposable elements (TEs), particularly long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs), emerged as the dominant force shaping genome size variation. Genome size strongly correlated with LTR-RT abundance, and multiple LTR-RT burst events aligned with major phases of genome expansion. Notably, the integrity and transcriptional activity of LTR-RTs decline over evolutionary time; older insertions exhibit greater structural degradation and reduced activity, reflecting their dynamic nature. This study systematically delineated the evolutionary trajectory of LTR-RTs-from insertion and proliferation to decay-uncovering their pivotal role in driving Capsicum genome size evolution. Our findings advance the understanding of plant genome dynamics and provide a framework for studying genome size variation across diverse plant lineages.
摘要：
The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a notorious invasive pest wreaking havoc on various crops globally. Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) are viral pathogens that specially target lepidopteran pests. However, the homologous virus, Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), has not been commercialized in China. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying heterologous virus-host interactions can inform the design of virus-based insecticides for controlling S. frugiperda. The pathogenicity of the four heterologous NPVs on S. frugiperda varied greatly. Mamestra brassicae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (MbMNPV) exhibited the most potent virulence on larvae and induced the most robust sublethal effects on adults. Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) infection was characterized by more moderate pathogenicity, and larvae were relatively resistant to Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) and Spodoptera litura multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlMNPV). Larval mortality was virus-concentration and larval stage dependent. Specifically, the corrected mortality rate of third instar larvae after treatment with 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 OBs/mL MbMNPV was 88.9 %, 100.0 %, and 100.0 %, respectively. All four NPVs negatively affected the longevity and fecundity of S. frugiperda adults. Female adults surviving treatment with MbMNPV and SeMNPV were unable to lay eggs. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MbMNPV infection might suppress the antiviral immune response, and dysregulate biological pathways of S. frugiperda larvae to facilitate systemic infection. However, the overall transcript profiles remain unchanged after SlMNPV infection. The results reinforce the potential of NPVs, specifically MbMNPV, as potent biocontrol agents for S. frugiperda. These findings yield valuable insights into the complex arms race between S. frugiperda and NPVs that may advance the development of virus-based strategies to mitigate the destructive impact of this pest.
The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a notorious invasive pest wreaking havoc on various crops globally. Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) are viral pathogens that specially target lepidopteran pests. However, the homologous virus, Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), has not been commercialized in China. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying heterologous virus-host interactions can inform the design of virus-based insecticides for controlling S. frugiperda. The pathogenicity of the four heterologous NPVs on S. frugiperda varied greatly. Mamestra brassicae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (MbMNPV) exhibited the most potent virulence on larvae and induced the most robust sublethal effects on adults. Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) infection was characterized by more moderate pathogenicity, and larvae were relatively resistant to Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) and Spodoptera litura multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlMNPV). Larval mortality was virus-concentration and larval stage dependent. Specifically, the corrected mortality rate of third instar larvae after treatment with 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 OBs/mL MbMNPV was 88.9 %, 100.0 %, and 100.0 %, respectively. All four NPVs negatively affected the longevity and fecundity of S. frugiperda adults. Female adults surviving treatment with MbMNPV and SeMNPV were unable to lay eggs. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MbMNPV infection might suppress the antiviral immune response, and dysregulate biological pathways of S. frugiperda larvae to facilitate systemic infection. However, the overall transcript profiles remain unchanged after SlMNPV infection. The results reinforce the potential of NPVs, specifically MbMNPV, as potent biocontrol agents for S. frugiperda. These findings yield valuable insights into the complex arms race between S. frugiperda and NPVs that may advance the development of virus-based strategies to mitigate the destructive impact of this pest.
作者：
Huang, Wen Xin;Yang, Li E.;Huang, Yan Bin;Xu, Tao Sha;Zhong, Jie;...
期刊：
Archives of Virology,2025年170(9):189 ISSN：0304-8608
通讯作者：
Wang, YR;Xiao, YS
作者机构：
[Zhong, Jie; Huang, Yan Bin; Wang, Ya Rong; Huang, Wen Xin] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Dis & Inse, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Li E.] Yunnan Acad Agr Sci, Biotechnol & Germplasm Resources Inst, Kunming 650205, Yunan Province, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, Yan Song; Xu, Tao Sha] Chenzhou Tobacco Co Hunan Prov, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Ya Rong] Gansu Agr Univ, Sino US Ctr Grazingland Ecosyst Sustainabil, Key Lab Grassland Ecosyst,Minist Educ, Coll Pratacultural Sci,Pratacultural Engn Lab Gans, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, YR ] H;[Xiao, YS ] C;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Dis & Inse, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Chenzhou Tobacco Co Hunan Prov, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Gansu Agr Univ, Sino US Ctr Grazingland Ecosyst Sustainabil, Key Lab Grassland Ecosyst,Minist Educ, Coll Pratacultural Sci,Pratacultural Engn Lab Gans, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, Peoples R China.
摘要：
In this study, a novel double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus was isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium commune, the causal agent of tobacco root rot, and designated "Fusarium commune chrysovirus 1" (FcCV1). The complete genome of FcCV1 consists of five dsRNA fragments with lengths of 3670 bp, 3242 bp, 2866 bp, 2829 bp, and 1258 bp, designated as dsRNA1 to dsRNA5 according to their size. Each of these five dsRNA segments contains a single open reading frame (ORF), designated ORF1 to ORF5, with strictly conserved termini in their 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Notably, ORF1 encodes a potential RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) comprising 1151 amino acids (aa), which exhibits the highest sequence identity (56.14%) with the RdRp of Tolypocladium cylindrosporum virus 2 (TcV2). ORF2, ORF3, and ORF5 encode hypothetical proteins of unknown function, displaying amino acid sequence similarity to proteins encoded by different dsRNAs of chrysoviruses. ORF4 encodes a predicted coat protein (CP). Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp sequences placed FcCV1 within the genus Betachrysovirus of the family Chrysoviridae. This is the first report of a novel chrysovirus infecting F. commune.
期刊：
Frontiers in Genetics,2025年16:1587854 ISSN：1664-8021
通讯作者：
Jin, X;Jin, Xin;Wang, YY
作者机构：
[Liu, Huanhuan; Jin, Xin; Zhang, Yifan; Jin, X] BGI Res, Chongqing, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Yingying; Jin, Xin; Yang, Qianxun; Chen, Hongce; Zhang, Yifan; Jin, X; Chen, Shuo] BGI Res, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Yifan] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Yingying; Jin, Xin; Zhang, Yifan; Jin, X] BGI Res, Shenzhen Key Lab Trans Biotechnol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Jianfeng] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 8, Dept Neurol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jin, X; Jin, X ; Wang, YY ] B;BGI Res, Chongqing, Peoples R China.;BGI Res, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;BGI Res, Shenzhen Key Lab Trans Biotechnol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;BGI Res, State Key Lab Genome & Multiomics Technol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.
关键词：
disease profile;hypoxia-ischemia;omics;risk assessment;shared features
摘要：
The hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) diseases share some common mechanisms which may help to delay the diseases' processing. However, the shared features are still unclear due to the lack of large scale high-quality multi - omics data that specifically target the same disease, population, and tissues/cells. In this study, we developed a novel risk assessment method to analyze four H-I diseases including eclampsia/preeclampsia (PE), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC), and ischemic stroke (IS). A combined new evaluation score was designed to integrate evaluation information from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in previous researches. Genes were then divided into different groups according to their risk assessment score. The most significant group (direct biomarkers) contained genes with direct evidence of association to H-I disease: PIEZO2 and HPGD (shared), TSIX and SAA1 (PAH - specific), GSTM1, DNTT, and IGKC (HAPC - specific), LEP, SERPINA3, and ARHGEF4 (PE - specific), CD3D, ITK, and RPL18A (IS - specific). The groups 'Intermediate crucial biomarkers' contained genes played important roles in H-I disease related biological processes: CXCL8 (shared), HBG2, GRIN2A, and FGFBP1 (PAH - specific), FAM111B (HAPC - specific), C12orf39 and SLAMF1 (PE - specific). The genes lacking disease-association evidence but with similar characteristics with the above two groups were considered as 'potential minor-effect biomarkers': are SRRM2 - AS1 (shared), ATP8A1 (PAH - specific), RXFP1 and HJURP (HAPC - specific), HIST1H1T (PE - specific). With the development of biological experiments, these intermediate crucial and potential minor-effect biomarkers may be proved to be direct biomarkers in the future. Therefore, these biomarkers may serve as an entry point for subsequent research and are of great significance.
摘要：
Ambrosia trifida is an invasive weed that destroys the local ecological environment, and causes a reduction in population diversity and grassland decline. The evolution of herbicide resistance has also increased the difficulty of managing A. trifida , so interspecific plant competition based on allelopathy has been used as an effective and sustainable ecological alternative. However, how to control A. trifida through interspecific competition and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we found that extracts from both the roots and leaves of the medicinal plant Sigesbeckia glabrescens suppressed the growth of A. trifida by reducing the plant height and biomass. The decrease in biomass may be explained by disruption of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. These disruptions are due to a significant decrease in the expression of genes related to nitrate absorption and transport in roots and a significant decrease in the expression of key genes related to photosynthesis and carbon fixation. Consequently, genes involved in sucrose synthesis are downregulated. In addition, increases in H 2 O 2 content and respiratory burst oxidase homologue ( RbohD ) gene expression suggested that A. trifida underwent oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts, resulting in apoptosis due to the significant upregulation of key genes associated with apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, we identified three main allelochemicals, coumarin, ferulic acid, and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), in S. glabrescens extracts and revealed that the combination of these three compounds could suppress the growth of A. trifida seedlings. The phenotypes and transcriptome profiles of the seedlings treated with these chemicals were the same as those of the seedlings treated with the S. glabrescens extracts. Taken together, the results of this study revealed the mechanism underlying the toxic effects of S. glabrescens on A. trifida , providing a theoretical basis for the use of interspecific plant competition for invasive weed control and further application of S. glabrescens allelochemicals in weed management.
Ambrosia trifida is an invasive weed that destroys the local ecological environment, and causes a reduction in population diversity and grassland decline. The evolution of herbicide resistance has also increased the difficulty of managing A. trifida , so interspecific plant competition based on allelopathy has been used as an effective and sustainable ecological alternative. However, how to control A. trifida through interspecific competition and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we found that extracts from both the roots and leaves of the medicinal plant Sigesbeckia glabrescens suppressed the growth of A. trifida by reducing the plant height and biomass. The decrease in biomass may be explained by disruption of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. These disruptions are due to a significant decrease in the expression of genes related to nitrate absorption and transport in roots and a significant decrease in the expression of key genes related to photosynthesis and carbon fixation. Consequently, genes involved in sucrose synthesis are downregulated. In addition, increases in H 2 O 2 content and respiratory burst oxidase homologue ( RbohD ) gene expression suggested that A. trifida underwent oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts, resulting in apoptosis due to the significant upregulation of key genes associated with apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, we identified three main allelochemicals, coumarin, ferulic acid, and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), in S. glabrescens extracts and revealed that the combination of these three compounds could suppress the growth of A. trifida seedlings. The phenotypes and transcriptome profiles of the seedlings treated with these chemicals were the same as those of the seedlings treated with the S. glabrescens extracts. Taken together, the results of this study revealed the mechanism underlying the toxic effects of S. glabrescens on A. trifida , providing a theoretical basis for the use of interspecific plant competition for invasive weed control and further application of S. glabrescens allelochemicals in weed management.
摘要：
Colletotrichum scovillei is a pathogen that causes anthracnose, resulting in significant postharvest losses in pepper fruit. Biocontrol using antagonistic microbes is a promising solution for sustainable disease management. We previously identified Streptomyces olivoreticuli ZZ-21, which has broad-spectrum antifungal activity. In this study, we evaluated the antagonistic ability of ZZ-21 specifically against C. scovillei in both in vitro and pepper fruit assays, as well as the possible mechanisms involved. Dual culture assays revealed that strain ZZ-21 achieved 86.25 % mycelial inhibition rate against C. scovillei . Pepper fruit trials indicated that the culture filtrate of ZZ-21 significantly reduced both the incidence and lesion size of anthracnose caused by C. scovillei , while maintaining fruit quality. The efficacy of control was dependent on the concentrations of the ZZ-21 culture filtrate, with a 100 % control efficiency observed in the treatment utilizing 100 % culture filtrate. Moreover, the ZZ-21 culture filtrate obviously inhibited spore germination and damaged the cell membrane permeability of C. scovillei , while also inducing plant resistance by enhancing the activities of defense-related enzymes. The primary inhibitory substances were included in proteins and n-butyl alcohol crude extracts of the ZZ-21 culture filtrate, which exhibited EC 50 values of 56.88 ± 0.82 μg/mL and 65.37 ± 0.36 μg/mL, respectively. These substances were analyzed using LC-MS and were thought to contribute to the broad-spectrum antifungal activity of ZZ-21. Hence, strain ZZ-21 is a potent biocontrol agent for controlling anthracnose in pepper caused by C. scovillei .
Colletotrichum scovillei is a pathogen that causes anthracnose, resulting in significant postharvest losses in pepper fruit. Biocontrol using antagonistic microbes is a promising solution for sustainable disease management. We previously identified Streptomyces olivoreticuli ZZ-21, which has broad-spectrum antifungal activity. In this study, we evaluated the antagonistic ability of ZZ-21 specifically against C. scovillei in both in vitro and pepper fruit assays, as well as the possible mechanisms involved. Dual culture assays revealed that strain ZZ-21 achieved 86.25 % mycelial inhibition rate against C. scovillei . Pepper fruit trials indicated that the culture filtrate of ZZ-21 significantly reduced both the incidence and lesion size of anthracnose caused by C. scovillei , while maintaining fruit quality. The efficacy of control was dependent on the concentrations of the ZZ-21 culture filtrate, with a 100 % control efficiency observed in the treatment utilizing 100 % culture filtrate. Moreover, the ZZ-21 culture filtrate obviously inhibited spore germination and damaged the cell membrane permeability of C. scovillei , while also inducing plant resistance by enhancing the activities of defense-related enzymes. The primary inhibitory substances were included in proteins and n-butyl alcohol crude extracts of the ZZ-21 culture filtrate, which exhibited EC 50 values of 56.88 ± 0.82 μg/mL and 65.37 ± 0.36 μg/mL, respectively. These substances were analyzed using LC-MS and were thought to contribute to the broad-spectrum antifungal activity of ZZ-21. Hence, strain ZZ-21 is a potent biocontrol agent for controlling anthracnose in pepper caused by C. scovillei .
作者机构：
[Jinhong Wang; Sihang Cai; Junke Chen; Zhinan Wu; Mengmeng Wang; Yangfeng Wen] BGI Research, Shenzhen, China;[Junke Chen] College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China;[Sihang Cai] College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China;[Yangfeng Wen] College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Detection and Intervention of Human Intestinal Microbiome, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
通讯机构：
[Yiyi Zhong] B;[Yuanqiang Zou] S;Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Detection and Intervention of Human Intestinal Microbiome, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Genome and Multi-Omics Technologies, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China<&wdkj&>BGI Precision Nutrition, Shenzhen, China
关键词：
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum;antioxidant activity;complete genome;enzyme activity inhibition;phenotypic analysis;skin health
摘要：
Probiotics and postbiotics are recognized for their potential to benefit skin health, and complete genome analysis serves as a pivotal tool to accelerate the exploration of probiotic functionalities. To investigate this relationship, this study aimed to elucidate the skin-promoting potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGI-N6 (BGI-N6) through integrated genomic analysis and phenotypic analysis. Results indicated that the high-precision complete genome of BGI-N6 comprises 3 257 641 bases with a 45% GC content and 3030 CDSs, involving multiple genes related to carbon source fermentation, gastrointestinal tolerance, and environmental adaptability. Notably, BGI-N6 possessed several bacteriostatic, antioxidant, and enzyme activity inhibition-related genes, which could encode the biosynthetic pathways of bacteriocins, glutathione/thioredoxin antioxidant systems, NADH peroxidase, catalase, and various organic acids. Supporting these genomic insights, invitro experiments comparative evaluation revealed that BGI-N6 exhibited superior capabilities relative to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (299v) in antioxidant activity, inhibition of cutaneous pathogens growth, and suppression of skin-damaging enzyme (e.g., collagenase and elastase) activity. These effects were correlated with the production of lactic acid, 6-hydroxyhexanoate, coumarins, and other bioactive compounds by BGI-N6. The evidence from integrated genomic analysis and invitro experiments established a critical theoretical foundation for the development of BGI-N6 as a candidate for probiotic and postbiotic applications targeting skin health.
摘要：
Tiorantraniliprole is a novel diamide insecticide, and the resistance level and mechanism of Spodoptera litura to tiorantraniliprole and the multiresistance mechanism with other diamide insecticides are still unknown. In this study, bioassays showed that field S. litura developed high and medium levels of resistance to tiorantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, and cyantraniliprole. Enzyme activity and synergist bioassay indicated that P450s was the main factor leading to metabolic resistance to tiorantraniliprole. Transcriptome sequencing and qPCR showed that CYP6B50 was upregulated by tiorantraniliprole induction and overexpressed in the field-resistant strain. RNA interference and transgenic fruit fly indicated that CYP6B50 was involved in multiresistance to tiorantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, and cyantraniliprole. In addition, a target mutation site I4723M in RyR was detected in the field-resistant strain. Further genetic crossing and insecticides docking confirmed that the I4723M mutation involved in chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole resistance also mediated resistance to tiorantraniliprole. This study comprehensively elucidated the mechanisms of resistance to diamide insecticides from both metabolic and target-site resistance in S. litura.
通讯机构：
[Wei, PC ; Li, J ] A;Anhui Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Hefei 230036, Peoples R China.;Anhui Acad Agr Sci, Anhui Prov Key Lab Rice Germplasm Innovat & Mol, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China.;Anhui Agr Univ, Adv Acad, Res Ctr Biol Breeding Technol, Hefei 230036, Peoples R China.
关键词：
CRISPR;TadA variants;UNG;base editing;plants
摘要：
Plant cytosine (C)-to-guanine (G) base editors (CGBEs) have been established but suffer from limited editing efficiencies and low outcome purities. This study engineered a cod uracil DNA glycosylase (cod UNG, coUNG) from the cold-adapted fish Gadus morhua for plant CGBE, demonstrating 1.71- to 2.54-fold increases in C-to-G editing efficiency compared with the CGBE using human UNG (hUNG). Further engineering took advantage of TadA-8e-derived cytidine deaminases (TadA-CDs). These variants induced C substitutions with efficiencies ranging from 26.28% to 30.82% in rice cells, whereas adenine (A) conversion was negligible. By integrating coUNG and TadA-CDc elements with SpCas9 nickase, the resulting CDc-CGBEco achieved pure C-to-G editing without byproducts in up to 52.08% of transgenic lines. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis revealed no significant off-target effects of the CDc-BEs in rice. In addition, CDc-CGBEco enabled precise C-to-G editing in soybean and tobacco. These engineered CGBEs enhanced editing efficiency, purity, and specificity, suggesting their broad potential for applications in scientific research and crop breeding.
Plant cytosine (C)-to-guanine (G) base editors (CGBEs) have been established but suffer from limited editing efficiencies and low outcome purities. This study engineered a cod uracil DNA glycosylase (cod UNG, coUNG) from the cold-adapted fish Gadus morhua for plant CGBE, demonstrating 1.71- to 2.54-fold increases in C-to-G editing efficiency compared with the CGBE using human UNG (hUNG). Further engineering took advantage of TadA-8e-derived cytidine deaminases (TadA-CDs). These variants induced C substitutions with efficiencies ranging from 26.28% to 30.82% in rice cells, whereas adenine (A) conversion was negligible. By integrating coUNG and TadA-CDc elements with SpCas9 nickase, the resulting CDc-CGBEco achieved pure C-to-G editing without byproducts in up to 52.08% of transgenic lines. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis revealed no significant off-target effects of the CDc-BEs in rice. In addition, CDc-CGBEco enabled precise C-to-G editing in soybean and tobacco. These engineered CGBEs enhanced editing efficiency, purity, and specificity, suggesting their broad potential for applications in scientific research and crop breeding.
摘要：
Aphis gossypii is a highly polyphagous pest that causes substantial agricultural damage. Temperature and insecticides are two major abiotic stresses affecting their population abundance. Heat shock proteins play an essential role in cell protection when insects are exposed to environmental stresses. Three ApHsp70 genes were cloned from A. gossypii, and characterized their molecular features and expression profiles in response to temperature and insecticide stress. The deduced amino acid sequences of these proteins exhibited characteristic Hsp70 family signatures, and their tissue-specific expression patterns revealed their highest activity to be in the salivary glands under 35 °C. The temperature inductive assay further indicated that the expression of the three ApHsp70 genes was markedly upregulated under heat stress but not under cold shock. Furthermore, exposure to LC(25) and LC(50) concentrations of three insecticides triggered the upregulation of these ApHsp70 genes. The RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated suppression of ApHsp68 expression heightened cotton aphid's susceptibility to insecticides (acetamiprid and sulfoxaflor). Moreover, our study found that the sulfoxaflor-resistant strain of A. gossypii (Sul-R) displayed a higher survival rate compared with the sulfoxaflor-sensitive strain (Sul-S) under heat shock conditions. These results suggest that these three ApHsp70 genes play an essential role in response to both heat and insecticide stress.
作者机构：
[Yang Gao; Renyan Huang; Deyong Zhang; Jing Peng] Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuelushan Laboratory, No. 246, Hongqi Road, Furong District, Changsha 410125, China;[Sha Chen] Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China;[Lei Liu; Qianjun Tang] College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1, Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410120, China;[Rongyun Liu; Wu Liao] Hunan Xiangyan Seed Industry Co Ltd, No.998 Longwangmiao Village, Chunhua Town, Changsha, 410139, China;[Jing Que] Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuelushan Laboratory, No. 246, Hongqi Road, Furong District, Changsha 410125, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
通讯机构：
[Sha Chen; Jing Peng] I;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuelushan Laboratory, No. 246, Hongqi Road, Furong District, Changsha 410125, China
摘要：
Peppers exhibit a diverse array of germplasm resources with variations in fruit color, pungency degree, and shape. Various phenotypes and associated target compounds are often the primary targets in breeding programs. This study employed liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS) to construct a spectral tag library, which enabled the identification of chemical compounds in the pepper fruits from eighty distinct germplasm sources. For the first time, differential secondary metabolites were correlated with the fruit shape. Alkaloids represented the largest proportion, underscoring their dominant role in shaping the relationship between secondary metabolites and pepper fruit morphology. 6″,7”-Dihydro-5′,5′-dicapsaicin was the primary contributor to notable variations in pungency levels and morphology. The concentrations of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids demonstrated significant associations with fruit color. This study improves the comprehension of pepper germplasm resources and offers significant insights for the selection and breeding of novel pepper varieties.
Peppers exhibit a diverse array of germplasm resources with variations in fruit color, pungency degree, and shape. Various phenotypes and associated target compounds are often the primary targets in breeding programs. This study employed liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS) to construct a spectral tag library, which enabled the identification of chemical compounds in the pepper fruits from eighty distinct germplasm sources. For the first time, differential secondary metabolites were correlated with the fruit shape. Alkaloids represented the largest proportion, underscoring their dominant role in shaping the relationship between secondary metabolites and pepper fruit morphology. 6″,7”-Dihydro-5′,5′-dicapsaicin was the primary contributor to notable variations in pungency levels and morphology. The concentrations of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids demonstrated significant associations with fruit color. This study improves the comprehension of pepper germplasm resources and offers significant insights for the selection and breeding of novel pepper varieties.
作者机构：
[Wan, Zhaoman] Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll, Suzhou Inst Syst Med, State Key Lab Common Mech Res Major Dis, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Xinran] Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll, Inst Med Plant Dev, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Li, Yi] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Chu, Tianyao; Zhang, Peng; Zhang, P; Hao, Xueyu] Capital Med Univ, Beijing Childrens Hosp, Rare Dis Ctr, Natl Ctr Childrens Hlth,Beijing Pediat Res Inst,Be, Beijing 100045, Peoples R China.;[Cao, Y; Cao, Yang] Sichuan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Cao, Y ] S;[Zhang, P ] C;Capital Med Univ, Beijing Childrens Hosp, Rare Dis Ctr, Natl Ctr Childrens Hlth,Beijing Pediat Res Inst,Be, Beijing 100045, Peoples R China.;Sichuan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
artificial intelligence;drug repurposing;drug-response prediction;machine learning models;personalized medicine
摘要：
Drug repurposing identifies new therapeutic uses for the existing drugs originally developed for different indications, aiming at capitalizing on the established safety and efficacy profiles of known drugs. Thus, it is beneficial to bypass of early stages of drug development, and to reduction of the time and cost associated with bringing new therapies to market. Traditional experimental methods are often time-consuming and expensive, making artificial intelligence (AI) a promising alternative due to its lower cost, computational advantages, and ability to uncover hidden patterns. This review focuses on the availability of AI algorithms in drug development, and their positive and specific roles in revealing repurposing of the existing drugs, especially being integrated with virtual screening. It is shown that the existing AI algorithms excel at analyzing large-scale datasets, identifying the complicated patterns of drug responses from these datasets, and making predictions for potential drug repurposing. Building on these insights, challenges remain in developing efficient AI algorithms and future research, including integrating drug-related data across databases for better repurposing, enhancing AI computational efficiency, and advancing personalized medicine.
通讯作者：
Ganghui Chu<&wdkj&>Jing Tian<&wdkj&>Hongchao Ji
作者机构：
[Ganghui Chu] Laboratory of Xinjiang Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Kashi University, Kashi, 844006, PR China;[Yu Song; Zhengyan Li; Jing Tian; Hongchao Ji] Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, PR China;[Hongji Zeng] Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China;[Yinyu Chen] Laboratory of Xinjiang Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Kashi University, Kashi, 844006, PR China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
通讯机构：
[Ganghui Chu] L;[Jing Tian; Hongchao Ji] S;Laboratory of Xinjiang Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Kashi University, Kashi, 844006, PR China<&wdkj&>Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, PR China
摘要：
The 'Kunlun Snow Chrysanthemum' ( Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. ), a medicinal plant native to Xinjiang, China, is valued for its bioactive compounds and therapeutic properties. This study explores the impact of altitude on its metabolic profile using an integrated Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics approach. Samples from four altitudes (∼1231 to ∼3200 meters) were analyzed and revealed distinct metabolic variations across samples from different altitudes. To facilitate data analysis, we developed Statistical Metabolomics Suite (StatMS), a Python-based tool that provides preprocessing, statistical analysis, and interactive visualization. By integrating experimental analysis with data processing, this study offers new insights into the environmental influence on C. tinctoria’s metabolic composition, enhancing its potential as a high-value medicinal resource.
The 'Kunlun Snow Chrysanthemum' ( Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. ), a medicinal plant native to Xinjiang, China, is valued for its bioactive compounds and therapeutic properties. This study explores the impact of altitude on its metabolic profile using an integrated Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics approach. Samples from four altitudes (∼1231 to ∼3200 meters) were analyzed and revealed distinct metabolic variations across samples from different altitudes. To facilitate data analysis, we developed Statistical Metabolomics Suite (StatMS), a Python-based tool that provides preprocessing, statistical analysis, and interactive visualization. By integrating experimental analysis with data processing, this study offers new insights into the environmental influence on C. tinctoria’s metabolic composition, enhancing its potential as a high-value medicinal resource.
期刊：
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2025年320(Pt 2):145760 ISSN：0141-8130
通讯作者：
Li, XG
作者机构：
[Mo, Yalan; Li, Xiaogang; Li, Chaonan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Engn & Technol Res Ctr Bio Pesticide & Formulating, Changsha 410000, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Yiping] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Cotton & Sericulture, Changsha 410000, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Chang] Hunan Prov Crop Seed South Breeding Ctr, Changsha 410000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, XG ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Engn & Technol Res Ctr Bio Pesticide & Formulating, Changsha 410000, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Fruit preservation;Pectin;Stimulus-responsive controlled release
摘要：
Smart pesticide delivery systems that respond to pathogen-specific enzymes represent a sustainable and targeted approach for managing postharvest diseases. In this study, we developed a pectinase-responsive nanoplatform (CYM@MOF@pec) by encapsulating cymophenol (CYM) within aminated metal–organic frameworks (UiO-66-NH₂), followed by surface coating with pectin as a bioactive gatekeeper. The resulting nanoparticles exhibited a uniform spherical morphology with an average diameter of 242 nm and a drug loading efficiency of 15.4 %. The pectin coating significantly improved foliar adhesion and reduced the volatilization of cymophenol. In vitro antifungal assays against Botryosphaeria revealed that CYM@MOF@pec achieved an EC 50 of 32.31 mg/L, demonstrating superior efficacy compared to a cymophenol soluble concentrate (CYM@SL). During storage trials, CYM@MOF@pec markedly suppressed soft rot development in kiwifruits and better preserved fruit firmness relative to CYM@SL. Safety evaluations confirmed high biocompatibility: at 200 mg/L, the nanoparticles maintained over 86 % cell viability in both LO2 and BEAS-2B cell lines, with apoptosis rates remaining below 5 %, significantly outperforming CYM@SL. By harnessing the specificity of pathogen-secreted pectinase and the barrier function of natural polysaccharides, this enzyme-activated delivery platform offers a promising strategy for postharvest disease control, contributing to enhanced preservation of horticultural produce.
Smart pesticide delivery systems that respond to pathogen-specific enzymes represent a sustainable and targeted approach for managing postharvest diseases. In this study, we developed a pectinase-responsive nanoplatform (CYM@MOF@pec) by encapsulating cymophenol (CYM) within aminated metal–organic frameworks (UiO-66-NH₂), followed by surface coating with pectin as a bioactive gatekeeper. The resulting nanoparticles exhibited a uniform spherical morphology with an average diameter of 242 nm and a drug loading efficiency of 15.4 %. The pectin coating significantly improved foliar adhesion and reduced the volatilization of cymophenol. In vitro antifungal assays against Botryosphaeria revealed that CYM@MOF@pec achieved an EC 50 of 32.31 mg/L, demonstrating superior efficacy compared to a cymophenol soluble concentrate (CYM@SL). During storage trials, CYM@MOF@pec markedly suppressed soft rot development in kiwifruits and better preserved fruit firmness relative to CYM@SL. Safety evaluations confirmed high biocompatibility: at 200 mg/L, the nanoparticles maintained over 86 % cell viability in both LO2 and BEAS-2B cell lines, with apoptosis rates remaining below 5 %, significantly outperforming CYM@SL. By harnessing the specificity of pathogen-secreted pectinase and the barrier function of natural polysaccharides, this enzyme-activated delivery platform offers a promising strategy for postharvest disease control, contributing to enhanced preservation of horticultural produce.
