作者机构：
[Peng, Chi; Ouyang, Zhiyun; Chen, Weiping; Jiao, Wentao; Bai, Yang; Wang, Meie] State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;[Liao, Xiaolan] College of Bio-safety Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Ouyang, Zhiyun] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
关键词：
PAHs;Principal component analysis;Kriging;Incremental lifetime cancer risks;Health risk assessment;Urban soil
作者机构：
[Li, Xiao-gang] College of Bio-safety Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[Chen, Li-quan] Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China;[Liu, Su-qin; Chen, Li-quan; Li, Xiao-gang; Huang, Ke-Long; Tan, Ning] School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
通讯机构：
[Huang, Ke-Long] Cent S Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
Symposium on Materials, Devices, and Prospects for Sustainable Energy of the European-Materials-Research-Society Meeting
会议时间：
MAY 29-JUN 02, 2006
会议地点：
Nice, FRANCE
会议主办单位：
[Huang, Ke-Long;Li, Xiao-Gang;Liu, Su-Qin;Tan, Ning;Chen, Li-Quan] Cent S Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.^[Chen, Li-Quan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.^[Li, Xiao-Gang] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosafety Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is the most devastating disease of rice and severely affects crop stability and sustainability worldwide. This disease has advanced to become one of the premier model fungal pathosystems for host—pathogen interactions because of the depth of comprehensive studies in both species using modern genetic, genomic, proteomic and bioinformatic approaches. Many fungal genes involved in pathogenicity and rice genes involved in effector recognition and defence responses have been identified over the past decade. Specifically, the cloning of a total of nine avirulence (Avr) genes in M. oryzae, 13 rice resistance (R) genes and two rice blast quantitative trait loci (QTLs) has provided new insights into the molecular basis of fungal and plant interactions. In this article, we consider the new findings on the structure and function of the recently cloned R and Avr genes, and provide perspectives for future research directions towards a better understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the rice–M. oryzae interaction.
摘要：
Globalization has provided opportunities for parasites/pathogens to cross geographic boundaries and expand to new hosts. Recent studies showed that Nosema ceranae, originally considered a microsporidian parasite of Eastern honey bees, Apis cerana, is a disease agent of nosemosis in European honey bees, Apis mellifera, along with the resident species, Nosema apis. Further Studies indicated that disease caused by N. ceranae In European honey bees is far more prevalent than that caused by N. apis. In order to gain more insight into the epidemiology of Nosema parasitism in honey bees, we conducted studies to investigate infection of Nosema in its original host, Eastern honey bees, using conventional PCR and duplex real time quantitative PCR methods. Our results showed that A. cerana was infected not only with N. ceranae as previously reported [Fries, L, Feng, F., Silva, A.D., Slemenda, S.B., Pieniazek, N.J., 1996. Nosema ceranae n. sp. (Microspora, Nosematidae), morphological and molecular characterization of a microsporidian parasite of the Asian honey bee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Eur. J. Protistol. 32, 356-365], but also with N. apis. Both microsporidia produced single and mixed infections. Overall and at each location alone, the prevalence of N. ceranae was higher than that of N. apis. In all cases of mixed infections, the number of N. ceranae gene copies (corresponding to the parasite load) significantly out numbered those of N. apis. Phylogenetic analysis based on a variable region of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) showed four distinct clades of N. apis and five clades of N. ceranae and that geographical distance does not appear to influence the genetic diversity of Nosema populations. The results from this study demonstrated that duplex real-time qPCR assay developed in this study is a valuable tool for quantitative measurement of Nosema and can be used to monitor the progression of microsprodian infections of honey bees in a timely and cost efficient manner. Published by Elsevier Inc.
摘要：
The components in plant signal transduction pathways are intertwined and affect each other to coordinate plant growth, development, and defenses to stresses. The role of ubiquitination in connecting these pathways, particularly plant innate immunity and flowering, is largely unknown. Here, we report the dual roles for the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Plant U-box protein13 (PUB13) in defense and flowering time control. In vitro ubiquitination assays indicated that PUB13 is an active E3 ubiquitin ligase and that the intact U-box domain is required for the E3 ligase activity. Disruption of the PUB13 gene by T-DNA insertion results in spontaneous cell death, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid (SA), and elevated resistance to biotrophic pathogens but increased susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens. The cell death, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and resistance to necrotrophic pathogens in pub13 are enhanced when plants are pretreated with high humidity. Importantly, pub13 also shows early flowering under middle- and long-day conditions, in which the expression of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 and FLOWERING LOCUS T is induced while FLOWERING LOCUS C expression is suppressed. Finally, we found that two components involved in the SA-mediated signaling pathway, SID2 and PAD4, are required for the defense and flowering-time phenotypes caused by the loss of function of PUB13. Taken together, our data demonstrate that PUB13 acts as an important node connecting SA-dependent defense signaling and flowering time regulation in Arabidopsis.
通讯机构：
[Zhou, Xuguo] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Accurate evaluation of gene expression requires normalization relative to the expression of reliable reference genes. Expression levels of "classical" reference genes can differ, however, across experimental conditions. Although quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) has been used extensively to decipher gene function in the sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci, a world-wide pest in many agricultural systems, the stability of its reference genes has rarely been validated. RESULTS: In this study, 15 candidate reference genes from B. tabaci were evaluated using two Excel-based algorithms geNorm and Normfinder under a diverse set of biotic and abiotic conditions. At least two reference genes were selected to normalize gene expressions in B. tabaci under experimental conditions. Specifically, for biotic conditions including host plant, acquisition of a plant virus, developmental stage, tissue (body region of the adult), and whitefly biotype, ribosomal protein L29 was the most stable reference gene. In contrast, the expression of elongation factor 1 alpha, peptidylprolyl isomerase A, NADH dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A and heat shock protein 40 were consistently stable across various abiotic conditions including photoperiod, temperature, and insecticide susceptibility. CONCLUSION: Our finding is the first step toward establishing a standardized quantitative real-time PCR procedure following the MIQE (Minimum Information for publication of Quantitative real time PCR Experiments) guideline in an agriculturally important insect pest, and provides a solid foundation for future RNA interference based functional study in B. tabaci.
摘要：
Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), a primary tool in gene expression analysis, requires an appropriate normalization strategy to control for variation among samples. The best option is to compare the mRNA level of a target gene with that of reference gene(s) whose expression level is stable across various experimental conditions. In this study, expression profiles of eight candidate reference genes from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, were evaluated under diverse experimental conditions. RefFinder, a web-based analysis tool, integrates four major computational programs including geNorm, Normfinder, BestKeeper, and the comparative DeltaCt method to comprehensively rank the tested candidate genes. Elongation factor 1 (EF1) was the most suited reference gene for the biotic factors (development stage, tissue, and strain). In contrast, although appropriate reference gene(s) do exist for several abiotic factors (temperature, photoperiod, insecticide, and mechanical injury), we were not able to identify a single universal reference gene. Nevertheless, a suite of candidate reference genes were specifically recommended for selected experimental conditions. Our finding is the first step toward establishing a standardized qRT-PCR analysis of this agriculturally important insect pest.
通讯机构：
[Xie, Daoxin] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Life Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The F-box protein CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) plays a central role in jasmonate (JA) signaling and is required for all JA responses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). To dissect JA signal transduction, we isolated the partially suppressing coi1 (psc1) mutant, which partially suppressed coi1 insensitivity to JA inhibition of root growth. The psc1 mutant partially restored JA sensitivity in coi1-2 background and displayed JA hypersensitivity in wild-type COI1 background. Genetic mapping, sequence analysis, and complementation tests revealed that psc1 is a leaky mutation of DWARF4 (DWF4) that encodes a key enzyme in brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis. Physiological analysis showed that an application of exogenous BR eliminated the partial restoration of JA sensitivity by psc1 in coi1-2 background and the JA hypersensitivity of psc1 in wild-type COI1 background. Exogenous BR also attenuated JA inhibition of root growth in the wild type. In addition, the expression of DWF4 was inhibited by JA, and this inhibition was dependent on COI1. These results indicate that (1) BR is involved in JA signaling and negatively regulates JA inhibition of root growth, and (2) the DWF4 is down-regulated by JA and is located downstream of COI1 in the JA-signaling pathway.
作者机构：
[Xie, Bing-Yan; Mao, Zhen-Chuan; Wang, Yun-Sheng; Tian, Xue-Liang; Lin, Ren-Miao] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Nansheng] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.;[Cheng, Xin-Yue] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Yun-Sheng] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Tian, Xue-Liang] Coll Henan Inst Sci & Technol, Xinxiang, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Nansheng] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
摘要：
Our recent research revealed that pinewood nematode (PWN) possesses few genes encoding enzymes for degrading alpha-pinene, which is the main compound in pine resin. In this study, we examined the role of PWN microbiome in xenobiotics detoxification by metagenomic and bacteria culture analyses. Functional annotation of metagenomes illustrated that benzoate degradation and its related metabolisms may provide the main metabolic pathways for xenobiotics detoxification in the microbiome, which is obviously different from that in PWN that uses cytochrome P450 metabolism as the main pathway for detoxification. The metabolic pathway of degrading alpha-pinene is complete in microbiome, but incomplete in PWN genome. Experimental analysis demonstrated that most of tested cultivable bacteria can not only survive the stress of 0.4% alpha-pinene, but also utilize alpha-pinene as carbon source for their growth. Our results indicate that PWN and its microbiome have established a potentially mutualistic symbiotic relationship with complementary pathways in detoxification metabolism.
摘要：
Seventy- seven species of family Bombycidae s. lat., belonging to 25 genera in three subfamilies, that have been recorded from China are listed and described, with illustrations of the adults, preimaginal stages ( if available), and their genitalia. Keys to subfamilies and genera are provided. Two new genera and four new species are described, two subgenera are raised to generic status, seven new combinations are made, and one genus and six species are newly recorded from China. The new taxa are as follows: Rotunda Wang, X. & Zolotuhin, gen. nov., Comparmustilia Wang, X. & Zolotuhin, gen. nov., Triuncina daii Wang, X. & Zolotuhin, sp. nov., Triuncina xiongi Wang, X. & Zolotuhin, sp. nov., Gnathocinara boi Wang, X. & Zolotuhin, sp. nov. and Promustilia yajiangensis Wang, X. & Zolotuhin, sp. nov. The taxa newly recorded for China are: Sesquiluna Forbes, 1955; Trilocha friedeli Dierl, 1978; Bivincula kalikotei Dierl, 1978; Sesquiluna forbesi Zolotuhin & Witt, 2009; Mustilizans lepusa Zolotuhin, 2007; Smerkata brechlini ( Zolotuhin, 2007) and Mustilia castanea Moore, 1879. The seven new combinations are: Rotunda rotundapex ( Miyata & Kishida, 1990), comb. nov., Triuncina nitida ( Chu & Wang, L. Y., 1993), comb. nov., Gunda sesostris ( Vuillot, 1893), comb. nov., Smerkata fusca ( Kishida, 1993), comb. nov., Comparmustilia sphingiformis ( Moore, 1879), comb. nov., Comparmustilia semiravida ( Yang, 1995), comb. nov., Comparmustilia gerontica ( West, 1932), comb. nov.. The two subgenera raised to generic level are: Promustilia Zolotuhin, 2007, stat. nov. and Smerkata Zolotuhin, 2007, stat. nov.. The distributions of the species in China were determined and distributional maps provided. All type specimens of the new species described here are deposited in the College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, China ( HUNAU); Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, China ( SCAU); Kyushu University Museum, Kyushu University, Japan ( KUM), and Entomological Museum Thomas J. Witt, Munich, Germany ( MWM).
关键词：
Bacterial surface display;Ice nucleation protein;Organophosphorus hydrolase;p-Nitrophenol;Spectrophotometric detection of organophosphates
摘要：
Organophosphates COPS) widely exist in ecosystem as toxic substances, for which sensitive and rapid analytical methods are highly requested. In the present work, by using N-terminal of ice nucleation protein (INP) as anchoring motif, a genetically engineered Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain surface displayed mutant organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) (S5) with improved enzyme activity was successfully constructed. The surface location of INP-OPH fusion was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis and enzyme activity assays. The OPH-displayed bacteria facilitate the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenol (PNP) substituted organophosphates to generate PNP, which can be detected spectrometrically at 410 nm. Over 90% of the recombinant protein present on the surface of microbes demonstrated enhanced enzyme activity and long-term stability. The OPH activity of whole cells was 2.16 U/OD600 using paraoxon as its substrate, which is the highest value reported so far. The optimal temperature for OPH activity was around 55 degrees C and suspended cultures retained almost 100% of its activity over a period of one month at room temperature, exhibiting the better stability than free OPH. The recombinant E. coli strain could be employed as a whole-cell biocatalyst for detecting PNP substituted OPs at wider ranges and lower detection limits. Specifically, the linear ranges of the calibration curves were 0.5-150 mu M paraoxon, 1-200 mu M parathion and 2.5-200 mu M methyl parathion, and limits of detection were 0.2 mu M, 0.4 mu M and 1 mu M for paraoxon, parathion and methyl parathion, respectively (S/N = 3). These results indicate that the engineered OPH strain is a promising multifunctional bacterium that could be used for further large-scale industrial and environmental applications. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Wang, Peng; Mou, Tongmin; Yu, Sibin; Luo, Junyuan] Huazhong Agr Univ, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet Improvement, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Zhongli; Qu, Zhen; Li, Lanzhi; Zheng, Xingfei] Wuhan Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Hybrid Rice, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.;[Qu, Zhen] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Key Lab Oil Crop Biol, Minist Agr, Oil Crops Res Inst, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Lanzhi] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Dis & Ins, Coll Biosafety Sci & Technol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Qu, Zhen] Wuhan Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Hybrid Rice, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Combining ability effects are very effective genetic parameters in deciding the next phase of breeding programs. Although some breeding strategies on the basis of evaluating combining ability have been utilized extensively in hybrid breeding, little is known about the genetic basis of combining ability. Combining ability is a complex trait that is controlled by polygenes. With the advent and development of molecular markers, it is feasible to evaluate the genetic bases of combining ability and heterosis of elite rice hybrids through QTL analysis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In the present study, we first developed a QTL-mapping method for dissecting combining ability and heterosis of agronomic traits. With three testcross populations and a BCRIL population in rice, biometric and QTL analyses were conducted for ten agronomic traits. The significance of general combining ability and special combining ability for most of the traits indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive effects on expression levels. A large number of additive effect QTLs associated with performance per se of BCRIL and general combining ability, and dominant effect QTLs associated with special combining ability and heterosis were identified for the ten traits. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The combining ability of agronomic traits could be analyzed by the QTL mapping method. The characteristics revealed by the QTLs for combining ability of agronomic traits were similar with those by multitudinous QTLs for agronomic traits with performance per se of BCRIL. Several QTLs (1-6 in this study) were identified for each trait for combining ability. It demonstrated that some of the QTLs were pleiotropic or linked tightly with each other. The identification of QTLs responsible for combining ability and heterosis in the present study provides valuable information for dissecting genetic basis of combining ability.
作者机构：
[Wu, Xiaohu; Zhang, Ying; Dong, Fengshou; Li, Yuanbo; Zheng, Yongquan; Xu, Jun; Liu, Xingang; Liang, Xuyang] Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;[Zhang, Ying; Li, Xiaogang] College of Bio-safety Science and Techology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Zheng, Yongquan] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Analytical method - Average recovery - Concentration ranges - Correlation coefficient - Dinotefuran - Fortification level - Graphitized carbon black - Limits of detection - Limits of quantification - Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry - Neonicotinoid insecticides - Nicotinoid insecticides - Positive ion mode - Quechers - Relative standard deviations - Secondary amines - Simultaneous determinations - Target compound - Thiacloprid - Thiamethoxam - Ultraperformance liquid chromatography - UPLC-MS/MS - Vegetables and fruits
摘要：
The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae), is an invasive and damaging pest of field crops worldwide. The neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid has been widely used to control this pest. We assessed the species composition (B vs. Q), imidacloprid resistance, and association between imidacloprid resistance and the expression of five P450 genes for 14-17 B. tabaci populations in 12 provinces in China. Fifteen of 17 populations contained only B. tabaci Q and two populations contained both B and Q. Seven of 17 populations exhibited moderate to high resistance to imidacloprid, and eight populations exhibited low resistance to imidacloprid, compared with the most susceptible field WHHB population. In a study of 14 of the populations, resistance level was correlated with the expression of the P450 genes CYP6CM1 and CYP4C64 but not with the expression of CYP6CX1, CYP6CX4, or CYP6DZ7. This study indicates that B. tabaci Q has a wider distribution in China than previously reported. Resistance to imidacloprid in field populations of B. tabaci is associated with the increased expression of two cytochrome P450 genes (CYP6CM1 and CYP4C64). Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
通讯机构：
[Xia, Liqiu] Hunan Normal Univ, Key Lab Microbial Mol Biol, Changsha 410081, Peoples R China.
摘要：
In order to improve the insecticidal activity, the chitinase gene from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) endochitinase and the cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis were cloned into the vector pHT315 and designated as pHUAccB5 plasmid. The constructed transcriptional fusion was attempted under the control of the native cry1Ac promoter. Plasmid pHUAccB5 was introduced into B. thuringiensis acrystalliferous by electroporation. Analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot, the transformant XBU-HUAccB5 produced 130-kDa Cry1Ac protein and 30-kDa chitinase protein. During the chitinase active analysis, the transformant, XBU-HUAccB5 chitinase active, reached 7.5 U/mL at 72 h, and was 5 times higher than the HTX-42 and 6 times higher than the parent strains. When the insecticidal activity of the transformant was evaluated against Helicoverpa armigera Hubner, the XBU-HUAccB5 toxicity was 11.30 times higher than the transformant HTX-42 expressed single cry1Ac at 48 h and was 18.76 times higher at 72 h.
摘要：
Maternally inherited bacterial symbionts are present in many, if not most, insect species. While there is rapidly accumulating evidence that facultative, heritable symbionts often protect insect hosts from natural enemies, there have been few clear examples where facultative symbionts mediate herbivore-plant interactions. The phloem-feeding whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is a major agricultural pest that frequently harbours facultative symbionts, including Hamiltonella defensa. While H.defensa and other facultative symbionts have been shown to improve whitefly performance on particular food plants, no direct and specific roles for symbiont-mediated interactions with food plants have been identified. Here, we conducted a series of assays to determine whether infection with H.defensa improved whitefly performance on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and whether this benefit was associated with symbiont effects on induced plant defences. Finally, we tested whether impacts on induced defences involved in the modulation of a salivary factor. The downregulation of plant defences was associated with increased whitefly fecundity and survival. Feeding by H.defensa-infected whiteflies suppressed JA and JA-related anti-herbivore-induced defences in tomato relative to uninfected controls. That saliva-only treatments of damaged tomato leaves from H.defensa-infected whiteflies suppressed induced plant defences compared to saliva from uninfected controls, suggesting that elicitors in saliva were responsible. Characterization of the putative salivary factor(s) revealed they are likely small (< 3-kDa) and nonproteinaceous. Interestingly, suppression of defences was not observed in SA-deficient NahG plants, indicating that suppression of JA-regulated defences depends on the SA signalling pathway. This finding reveals an intriguing example of the crosstalk between SA and JA signalling pathways and suggests that infection with facultative symbionts can result in the manipulation of induced plant defences to the benefit of the insect host and heritable symbiont. Our results show that the bacterial symbiont H.defensa mediates whitefly-plant interactions by suppressing induced plant defences in tomato. This finding is among the first showing a direct role for facultative symbionts in mediating plant-herbivore interactions and demonstrates a novel tactic for insect herbivores to circumvent plant defences. Symbiont-mediated suppression of plant defences may enhance the deleterious effects of insect pests feeding on important crops.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Youjun] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Dept Plant Protect, Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Bemisia tabaci, the whitefly vector of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), seriously reduces tomato production and quality. Here, we report the first evidence that infection by TYLCV alters the host preferences of invasive B. tabaci B (Middle East-Minor Asia 1) and Q (Mediterranean genetic group), in which TYLCV-free B. tabaci Q preferred to settle on TYLCV-infected tomato plants over healthy ones. TYLCV-free B. tabaci B, however, preferred healthy tomato plants to TYLCV-infected plants. In contrast, TYLCV-infected B. tabaci, either B or Q, did not exhibit a preference between TYLCV-infected and TYLCV-free tomato plants. Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of plant terpene volatiles, significantly more beta-myrcene, thymene, beta-phellandrene, caryophyllene, (1)-4-carene, and alpha-humulene were released from the TYLCV-free tomato plants than from the TYLCV-infected ones. The results indicate TYLCV can alter the host preferences of its vector Bemisia tabaci B and Q.
摘要：
The present studies were carried out to evaluate resistance in the populations of Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from five districts of Hunan Province in China to various insecticides from 2010 to 2012 using a standard leaf dip bioassay method. For organophosphates and pyrethroids, resistance ratios compared with a susceptible Lab-BJ strain were in the range of 14-229-fold for organophosphates and 12-227-fold for pyrethroids. Similarly, relative low levels of resistance to emamectin, indoxacarb, and chlorfenapyr were observed in all five populations. In contrast, the resistance to carbamates (thiodicarb or methomyl) was significantly higher than that of organophosphates, pyrethroids and newer chemistry insecticides. The pairwise correlation coefficients of LC50 values indicated that the newer chemistry insecticides and old generation insecticides were not significant except abamectin, which was negatively significantly correlated with methomyl. A significant correlation was observed between thiodicarb, methomyl, and deltamethrin, whereas resistance to bifenthrin showed no correlations with resistance to other insecticides except deltamethrin. The results are discussed in relation to integrated pest management for S. litura with special reference to management of field evolved resistance to insecticides.
作者机构：
[Hongyan Zhang; Zhijun Dai; Zheming Yuan] Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Changsha, 410128, China;[Hongyan Zhang; Zhijun Dai; Zheming Yuan] College of Bio-safety Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[Hongyan Zhang] College of Information Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[Haiyan Wang] Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, United States;[Ming-shun Chen] USDA-ARS and Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, United States
通讯机构：
[Wang, Haiyan] Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization
关键词：
Binary matrix - Cancer classification - Cancer tissues - Classification accuracy - Computationally efficient - Feature space - Gene Expression Data - Gene expression datasets - Gene interactions - Gene selection - Human cancer - Informative genes - Joint effect - Leave-one-out - Multiple classifiers - Over fitting problem - Search scheme - Search spaces - Wrapper methods
作者机构：
[Wang, Yue; Wang, Guo-huai; Xiao, Xiao; Deng, Xiao-juan; Zhang, Hai-qing; Wang, Guo-liang; He, Feng; Liu, Jin-ling; Shu, Zhi-feng] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China;[Wang, Yue; Deng, Xiao-juan; Wang, Guo-liang] Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China;[Zhang, Hai-qing] State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan, China;[Wang, Guo-liang; He, Feng] State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China;[Wang, Guo-liang] Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
摘要：
Leaf-color is an effective marker to identify the hybridization of rice. Leaf-color related genes function in chloroplast development and the photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis of higher plants. The ygl7 (yellow-green leaf 7) is a mutant with spontaneous yellow-green leaf phenotype across the whole lifespan but with no change to its yield traits. We cloned gene Ygl7 (Os03g59640) which encodes a magnesium-chelatase ChlD protein. Expression of ygl7 turns green-leaves to yellow, whereas RNAi-mediated silence of Ygl7 causes a lethal phenotype of the transgenic plants. This indicates the importance of the gene for rice plant. On the other hand, it corroborates that ygl7 is a non-null mutants. The content of photosynthetic pigment is lower in Ygl7 than the wild type, but its light efficiency was comparatively high. All these results indicated that the mutational YGL7 protein does not cause a complete loss of original function but instead acts as a new protein performing a new function. This new function partially includes its preceding function and possesses an additional feature to promote photosynthesis. Chl1, Ygl98, and Ygl3 are three alleles of the OsChlD gene that have been documented previously. However, mutational sites of OsChlD mutant gene and their encoded protein products were different in the three mutants. The three mutants have suppressed grain output. In our experiment, plant materials of three mutants (ygl7, chl1, and ygl98) all exhibited mutational leaf-color during the whole growth period. This result was somewhat different from previous studies. We used ygl7 as female crossed with chl1 and ygl98, respectively. Both the F-1 and F-2 generation display yellow-green leaf phenotype with their chlorophyll and carotenoid content falling between the values of their parents. Moreover, we noted an important phenomenon: ygl7-NIL's leaf-color is yellow, not yellowy-green, and this is also true of all back-crossed offspring with ygl7.
