作者：
Huang, Wen Xin;Yang, Li E.;Huang, Yan Bin;Xu, Tao Sha;Zhong, Jie;...
期刊：
Archives of Virology,2025年170(9):189 ISSN：0304-8608
通讯作者：
Wang, YR;Xiao, YS
作者机构：
[Zhong, Jie; Huang, Yan Bin; Wang, Ya Rong; Huang, Wen Xin] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Dis & Inse, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Li E.] Yunnan Acad Agr Sci, Biotechnol & Germplasm Resources Inst, Kunming 650205, Yunan Province, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, Yan Song; Xu, Tao Sha] Chenzhou Tobacco Co Hunan Prov, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Ya Rong] Gansu Agr Univ, Sino US Ctr Grazingland Ecosyst Sustainabil, Key Lab Grassland Ecosyst,Minist Educ, Coll Pratacultural Sci,Pratacultural Engn Lab Gans, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, YR ] H;[Xiao, YS ] C;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Dis & Inse, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Chenzhou Tobacco Co Hunan Prov, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Gansu Agr Univ, Sino US Ctr Grazingland Ecosyst Sustainabil, Key Lab Grassland Ecosyst,Minist Educ, Coll Pratacultural Sci,Pratacultural Engn Lab Gans, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, Peoples R China.
摘要：
In this study, a novel double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus was isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium commune, the causal agent of tobacco root rot, and designated "Fusarium commune chrysovirus 1" (FcCV1). The complete genome of FcCV1 consists of five dsRNA fragments with lengths of 3670 bp, 3242 bp, 2866 bp, 2829 bp, and 1258 bp, designated as dsRNA1 to dsRNA5 according to their size. Each of these five dsRNA segments contains a single open reading frame (ORF), designated ORF1 to ORF5, with strictly conserved termini in their 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Notably, ORF1 encodes a potential RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) comprising 1151 amino acids (aa), which exhibits the highest sequence identity (56.14%) with the RdRp of Tolypocladium cylindrosporum virus 2 (TcV2). ORF2, ORF3, and ORF5 encode hypothetical proteins of unknown function, displaying amino acid sequence similarity to proteins encoded by different dsRNAs of chrysoviruses. ORF4 encodes a predicted coat protein (CP). Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp sequences placed FcCV1 within the genus Betachrysovirus of the family Chrysoviridae. This is the first report of a novel chrysovirus infecting F. commune.
摘要：
Natural enemies serve a crucial role in crop protection through the regulation of pest population dynamics. Cyrtorhinus lividipennis is an important natural enemy of rice planthoppers. Fatty acid synthase (FAS), a multifunctional enzyme crucial for fatty acid biosynthesis, serves as a vital energy source for insect reproduction. However, the function of FAS in the reproductive processes of C. lividipennis remains incompletely understood. In this study, the ClFAS gene was successfully cloned from C. lividipennis. The open reading frame of ClFAS was 7224 bp, encoding a putative protein of 2407 amino acids. The expression levels of ClFAS were notably elevated in the fifth-instar nymphs, adults, as well as in the fat body and ovaries of female individuals. Silencing of ClFAS resulted in a reduction of 58.4%, 34.6%, and 49.0% in the expression levels of ClVg at 1-, 2-, and 3-days post-dsRNA injection, respectively. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated depletion of ClFAS not only suppressed the Vg protein expression but also significantly impaired oocyte maturation and ovarian development. The fecundity of dsFAS-treated C. lividipennis females was markedly reduced by 49.5%, accompanied by significant decreases of 32.7% in oviposition duration and 26.3% in female adult lifespan. Our findings showed that ClFAS positively regulates the reproduction of C. lividipennis by promoting vitellogenesis and ovarian development, which provides valuable insights into how lipid metabolism governs fecundity in predatory insects.
通讯机构：
[Wei, PC ; Li, J ] A;Anhui Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Hefei 230036, Peoples R China.;Anhui Acad Agr Sci, Anhui Prov Key Lab Rice Germplasm Innovat & Mol, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China.;Anhui Agr Univ, Adv Acad, Res Ctr Biol Breeding Technol, Hefei 230036, Peoples R China.
关键词：
CRISPR;TadA variants;UNG;base editing;plants
摘要：
Plant cytosine (C)-to-guanine (G) base editors (CGBEs) have been established but suffer from limited editing efficiencies and low outcome purities. This study engineered a cod uracil DNA glycosylase (cod UNG, coUNG) from the cold-adapted fish Gadus morhua for plant CGBE, demonstrating 1.71- to 2.54-fold increases in C-to-G editing efficiency compared with the CGBE using human UNG (hUNG). Further engineering took advantage of TadA-8e-derived cytidine deaminases (TadA-CDs). These variants induced C substitutions with efficiencies ranging from 26.28% to 30.82% in rice cells, whereas adenine (A) conversion was negligible. By integrating coUNG and TadA-CDc elements with SpCas9 nickase, the resulting CDc-CGBEco achieved pure C-to-G editing without byproducts in up to 52.08% of transgenic lines. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis revealed no significant off-target effects of the CDc-BEs in rice. In addition, CDc-CGBEco enabled precise C-to-G editing in soybean and tobacco. These engineered CGBEs enhanced editing efficiency, purity, and specificity, suggesting their broad potential for applications in scientific research and crop breeding.
Plant cytosine (C)-to-guanine (G) base editors (CGBEs) have been established but suffer from limited editing efficiencies and low outcome purities. This study engineered a cod uracil DNA glycosylase (cod UNG, coUNG) from the cold-adapted fish Gadus morhua for plant CGBE, demonstrating 1.71- to 2.54-fold increases in C-to-G editing efficiency compared with the CGBE using human UNG (hUNG). Further engineering took advantage of TadA-8e-derived cytidine deaminases (TadA-CDs). These variants induced C substitutions with efficiencies ranging from 26.28% to 30.82% in rice cells, whereas adenine (A) conversion was negligible. By integrating coUNG and TadA-CDc elements with SpCas9 nickase, the resulting CDc-CGBEco achieved pure C-to-G editing without byproducts in up to 52.08% of transgenic lines. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis revealed no significant off-target effects of the CDc-BEs in rice. In addition, CDc-CGBEco enabled precise C-to-G editing in soybean and tobacco. These engineered CGBEs enhanced editing efficiency, purity, and specificity, suggesting their broad potential for applications in scientific research and crop breeding.
摘要：
Pinus massoniana Lamb. is an economically important conifer native to China. However, it is highly susceptible to the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, PWN), the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), resulting in substantial ecological and economic losses. To elucidate potential molecular defense mechanisms, 50 NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factors (PmNACs) were identified in the P. massoniana genome. Phylogenetic analysis divided these PmNACs into seven subfamilies, and motif analysis identified ten conserved motifs associated with stress responses. Twenty-three genes were selected for expression analysis in various tissues and under exogenous salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and PWN infection. Six genes (PmNAC1, PmNAC8, PmNAC9, PmNAC17, PmNAC18, and PmNAC20) were significantly up-regulated by both hormonal treatment and PWN infection, implying their involvement in JA/SA-mediated immune pathways. Functional characterization showed PmNAC8 is a nuclear-localized transcription factor with autoactivation activity. Furthermore, transient overexpression of PmNAC8 in Nicotiana benthamiana induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and necrotic lesions. Collectively, these results elucidate NAC-mediated defense responses to PWN infection in P. massoniana and identify candidate genes for developing PWD-resistant pine varieties.
摘要：
Capsicum (pepper) is an economically vital genus in the Solanaceae family, with most species possessing about 3 Gb genomes. However, the recently sequenced Capsicum rhomboideum (~1.7 Gb) represents the first reported case of an extremely compact genome in Capsicum, providing a unique and ideal model for studying genome size evolution. To elucidate the mechanisms driving this variation, we performed comparative genomic analyses between the compact Capsicum rhomboideum and the reference Capsicum annuum cv. CM334 (~2.9 Gb). Although their genome size differences initially suggested whole-genome duplication (WGD) as a potential driver, both species shared two ancient WGD events with identical timing, predating their divergence and thus ruling out WGD as a direct contributor to their size difference. Instead, transposable elements (TEs), particularly long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs), emerged as the dominant force shaping genome size variation. Genome size strongly correlated with LTR-RT abundance, and multiple LTR-RT burst events aligned with major phases of genome expansion. Notably, the integrity and transcriptional activity of LTR-RTs decline over evolutionary time; older insertions exhibit greater structural degradation and reduced activity, reflecting their dynamic nature. This study systematically delineated the evolutionary trajectory of LTR-RTs-from insertion and proliferation to decay-uncovering their pivotal role in driving Capsicum genome size evolution. Our findings advance the understanding of plant genome dynamics and provide a framework for studying genome size variation across diverse plant lineages.
摘要：
Tiorantraniliprole is a novel diamide insecticide, and the resistance level and mechanism of Spodoptera litura to tiorantraniliprole and the multiresistance mechanism with other diamide insecticides are still unknown. In this study, bioassays showed that field S. litura developed high and medium levels of resistance to tiorantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, and cyantraniliprole. Enzyme activity and synergist bioassay indicated that P450s was the main factor leading to metabolic resistance to tiorantraniliprole. Transcriptome sequencing and qPCR showed that CYP6B50 was upregulated by tiorantraniliprole induction and overexpressed in the field-resistant strain. RNA interference and transgenic fruit fly indicated that CYP6B50 was involved in multiresistance to tiorantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, and cyantraniliprole. In addition, a target mutation site I4723M in RyR was detected in the field-resistant strain. Further genetic crossing and insecticides docking confirmed that the I4723M mutation involved in chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole resistance also mediated resistance to tiorantraniliprole. This study comprehensively elucidated the mechanisms of resistance to diamide insecticides from both metabolic and target-site resistance in S. litura.
作者机构：
[Wang, Jinhong; Cai, Sihang; Chen, Junke; Wu, Zhinan; Wang, Mengmeng; Wen, Yangfeng] BGI Res, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Jinhong] Southwest Univ, Coll Life Sci, Chongqing, Peoples R China.;[Zhong, Yiyi; Wei, Benliang; Zhang, Haifeng; Xu, Xiaowei; Liu, Yanhong] BGI Precis Nutr, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;[Wen, Yangfeng] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Junke] South China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zou, YQ ; Zhong, YY ] B;BGI Precis Nutr, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;BGI Res, Shenzhen Engn Lab Detect & Intervent Human Intesti, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;BGI Res, State Key Lab Genome & Multiom Technol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.
关键词：
antioxidant activity;complete genome;enzyme activity inhibition;Lactiplantibacillus plantarum;phenotypic analysis;skin health
摘要：
Probiotics and postbiotics are recognized for their potential to benefit skin health, and complete genome analysis serves as a pivotal tool to accelerate the exploration of probiotic functionalities. To investigate this relationship, this study aimed to elucidate the skin-promoting potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGI-N6 (BGI-N6) through integrated genomic analysis and phenotypic analysis. Results indicated that the high-precision complete genome of BGI-N6 comprises 3 257 641 bases with a 45% GC content and 3030 CDSs, involving multiple genes related to carbon source fermentation, gastrointestinal tolerance, and environmental adaptability. Notably, BGI-N6 possessed several bacteriostatic, antioxidant, and enzyme activity inhibition-related genes, which could encode the biosynthetic pathways of bacteriocins, glutathione/thioredoxin antioxidant systems, NADH peroxidase, catalase, and various organic acids. Supporting these genomic insights, invitro experiments comparative evaluation revealed that BGI-N6 exhibited superior capabilities relative to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (299v) in antioxidant activity, inhibition of cutaneous pathogens growth, and suppression of skin-damaging enzyme (e.g., collagenase and elastase) activity. These effects were correlated with the production of lactic acid, 6-hydroxyhexanoate, coumarins, and other bioactive compounds by BGI-N6. The evidence from integrated genomic analysis and invitro experiments established a critical theoretical foundation for the development of BGI-N6 as a candidate for probiotic and postbiotic applications targeting skin health.
摘要：
Rhizoctonia solani is a widespread and destructive plant pathogenic fungus that infects numerous important crops, including tobacco, where it causes tobacco target spot, a disease that severely impacts production. In this study, a strain ZZ-48, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of forests, exhibited strong antifungal activity with a 79.39 % inhibition rate against R. solani and various other fungal pathogens. Strain ZZ-48 was identified as Kitasatospora purpureofusca based on its phenotypic, physiological and biochemical, and genetic characteristics. This strain significantly reduced the development of tobacco target spot both in vitro and in vivo . ZZ-48 treatment significantly disrupted the mycelia structure of R. solani . Furthermore, the culture filtrate disrupted plasma membrane integrity and promoted reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation in the mycelia of R. solani . Additionally, ZZ-48 secreted multiple extracellular enzymes and siderophores. Bioactive metabolites were inferred to be present in the crude lipopeptide extracts, which exhibited a median effect concentration (EC 50 ) value of 1.60 ± 0.18 μg/mL. Furthermore, several key biosynthetic gene clusters (BCGs) associated with the synthesis of bioactive metabolites were found in the genome of ZZ-48 using antiSMASH. Overall, strain ZZ-48 holds significant potential as a biocontrol agent for managing tobacco target spot.
Rhizoctonia solani is a widespread and destructive plant pathogenic fungus that infects numerous important crops, including tobacco, where it causes tobacco target spot, a disease that severely impacts production. In this study, a strain ZZ-48, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of forests, exhibited strong antifungal activity with a 79.39 % inhibition rate against R. solani and various other fungal pathogens. Strain ZZ-48 was identified as Kitasatospora purpureofusca based on its phenotypic, physiological and biochemical, and genetic characteristics. This strain significantly reduced the development of tobacco target spot both in vitro and in vivo . ZZ-48 treatment significantly disrupted the mycelia structure of R. solani . Furthermore, the culture filtrate disrupted plasma membrane integrity and promoted reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation in the mycelia of R. solani . Additionally, ZZ-48 secreted multiple extracellular enzymes and siderophores. Bioactive metabolites were inferred to be present in the crude lipopeptide extracts, which exhibited a median effect concentration (EC 50 ) value of 1.60 ± 0.18 μg/mL. Furthermore, several key biosynthetic gene clusters (BCGs) associated with the synthesis of bioactive metabolites were found in the genome of ZZ-48 using antiSMASH. Overall, strain ZZ-48 holds significant potential as a biocontrol agent for managing tobacco target spot.
摘要：
Ambrosia trifida is an invasive weed that destroys the local ecological environment, and causes a reduction in population diversity and grassland decline. The evolution of herbicide resistance has also increased the difficulty of managing A. trifida , so interspecific plant competition based on allelopathy has been used as an effective and sustainable ecological alternative. However, how to control A. trifida through interspecific competition and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we found that extracts from both the roots and leaves of the medicinal plant Sigesbeckia glabrescens suppressed the growth of A. trifida by reducing the plant height and biomass. The decrease in biomass may be explained by disruption of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. These disruptions are due to a significant decrease in the expression of genes related to nitrate absorption and transport in roots and a significant decrease in the expression of key genes related to photosynthesis and carbon fixation. Consequently, genes involved in sucrose synthesis are downregulated. In addition, increases in H 2 O 2 content and respiratory burst oxidase homologue ( RbohD ) gene expression suggested that A. trifida underwent oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts, resulting in apoptosis due to the significant upregulation of key genes associated with apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, we identified three main allelochemicals, coumarin, ferulic acid, and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), in S. glabrescens extracts and revealed that the combination of these three compounds could suppress the growth of A. trifida seedlings. The phenotypes and transcriptome profiles of the seedlings treated with these chemicals were the same as those of the seedlings treated with the S. glabrescens extracts. Taken together, the results of this study revealed the mechanism underlying the toxic effects of S. glabrescens on A. trifida , providing a theoretical basis for the use of interspecific plant competition for invasive weed control and further application of S. glabrescens allelochemicals in weed management.
Ambrosia trifida is an invasive weed that destroys the local ecological environment, and causes a reduction in population diversity and grassland decline. The evolution of herbicide resistance has also increased the difficulty of managing A. trifida , so interspecific plant competition based on allelopathy has been used as an effective and sustainable ecological alternative. However, how to control A. trifida through interspecific competition and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we found that extracts from both the roots and leaves of the medicinal plant Sigesbeckia glabrescens suppressed the growth of A. trifida by reducing the plant height and biomass. The decrease in biomass may be explained by disruption of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. These disruptions are due to a significant decrease in the expression of genes related to nitrate absorption and transport in roots and a significant decrease in the expression of key genes related to photosynthesis and carbon fixation. Consequently, genes involved in sucrose synthesis are downregulated. In addition, increases in H 2 O 2 content and respiratory burst oxidase homologue ( RbohD ) gene expression suggested that A. trifida underwent oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts, resulting in apoptosis due to the significant upregulation of key genes associated with apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, we identified three main allelochemicals, coumarin, ferulic acid, and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), in S. glabrescens extracts and revealed that the combination of these three compounds could suppress the growth of A. trifida seedlings. The phenotypes and transcriptome profiles of the seedlings treated with these chemicals were the same as those of the seedlings treated with the S. glabrescens extracts. Taken together, the results of this study revealed the mechanism underlying the toxic effects of S. glabrescens on A. trifida , providing a theoretical basis for the use of interspecific plant competition for invasive weed control and further application of S. glabrescens allelochemicals in weed management.
摘要：
The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a notorious invasive pest wreaking havoc on various crops globally. Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) are viral pathogens that specially target lepidopteran pests. However, the homologous virus, Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), has not been commercialized in China. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying heterologous virus-host interactions can inform the design of virus-based insecticides for controlling S. frugiperda. The pathogenicity of the four heterologous NPVs on S. frugiperda varied greatly. Mamestra brassicae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (MbMNPV) exhibited the most potent virulence on larvae and induced the most robust sublethal effects on adults. Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) infection was characterized by more moderate pathogenicity, and larvae were relatively resistant to Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) and Spodoptera litura multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlMNPV). Larval mortality was virus-concentration and larval stage dependent. Specifically, the corrected mortality rate of third instar larvae after treatment with 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 OBs/mL MbMNPV was 88.9 %, 100.0 %, and 100.0 %, respectively. All four NPVs negatively affected the longevity and fecundity of S. frugiperda adults. Female adults surviving treatment with MbMNPV and SeMNPV were unable to lay eggs. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MbMNPV infection might suppress the antiviral immune response, and dysregulate biological pathways of S. frugiperda larvae to facilitate systemic infection. However, the overall transcript profiles remain unchanged after SlMNPV infection. The results reinforce the potential of NPVs, specifically MbMNPV, as potent biocontrol agents for S. frugiperda. These findings yield valuable insights into the complex arms race between S. frugiperda and NPVs that may advance the development of virus-based strategies to mitigate the destructive impact of this pest.
The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a notorious invasive pest wreaking havoc on various crops globally. Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) are viral pathogens that specially target lepidopteran pests. However, the homologous virus, Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), has not been commercialized in China. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying heterologous virus-host interactions can inform the design of virus-based insecticides for controlling S. frugiperda. The pathogenicity of the four heterologous NPVs on S. frugiperda varied greatly. Mamestra brassicae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (MbMNPV) exhibited the most potent virulence on larvae and induced the most robust sublethal effects on adults. Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) infection was characterized by more moderate pathogenicity, and larvae were relatively resistant to Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) and Spodoptera litura multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlMNPV). Larval mortality was virus-concentration and larval stage dependent. Specifically, the corrected mortality rate of third instar larvae after treatment with 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 OBs/mL MbMNPV was 88.9 %, 100.0 %, and 100.0 %, respectively. All four NPVs negatively affected the longevity and fecundity of S. frugiperda adults. Female adults surviving treatment with MbMNPV and SeMNPV were unable to lay eggs. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MbMNPV infection might suppress the antiviral immune response, and dysregulate biological pathways of S. frugiperda larvae to facilitate systemic infection. However, the overall transcript profiles remain unchanged after SlMNPV infection. The results reinforce the potential of NPVs, specifically MbMNPV, as potent biocontrol agents for S. frugiperda. These findings yield valuable insights into the complex arms race between S. frugiperda and NPVs that may advance the development of virus-based strategies to mitigate the destructive impact of this pest.
期刊：
Frontiers in Genetics,2025年16:1587854 ISSN：1664-8021
通讯作者：
Jin, X;Jin, Xin;Wang, YY
作者机构：
[Liu, Huanhuan; Jin, Xin; Zhang, Yifan; Jin, X] BGI Res, Chongqing, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Yingying; Jin, Xin; Yang, Qianxun; Chen, Hongce; Zhang, Yifan; Jin, X; Chen, Shuo] BGI Res, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Yifan] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Yingying; Jin, Xin; Zhang, Yifan; Jin, X] BGI Res, Shenzhen Key Lab Trans Biotechnol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Jianfeng] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 8, Dept Neurol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jin, X; Jin, X ; Wang, YY ] B;BGI Res, Chongqing, Peoples R China.;BGI Res, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;BGI Res, Shenzhen Key Lab Trans Biotechnol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;BGI Res, State Key Lab Genome & Multiomics Technol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.
关键词：
disease profile;hypoxia-ischemia;omics;risk assessment;shared features
摘要：
The hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) diseases share some common mechanisms which may help to delay the diseases' processing. However, the shared features are still unclear due to the lack of large scale high-quality multi - omics data that specifically target the same disease, population, and tissues/cells. In this study, we developed a novel risk assessment method to analyze four H-I diseases including eclampsia/preeclampsia (PE), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC), and ischemic stroke (IS). A combined new evaluation score was designed to integrate evaluation information from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in previous researches. Genes were then divided into different groups according to their risk assessment score. The most significant group (direct biomarkers) contained genes with direct evidence of association to H-I disease: PIEZO2 and HPGD (shared), TSIX and SAA1 (PAH - specific), GSTM1, DNTT, and IGKC (HAPC - specific), LEP, SERPINA3, and ARHGEF4 (PE - specific), CD3D, ITK, and RPL18A (IS - specific). The groups 'Intermediate crucial biomarkers' contained genes played important roles in H-I disease related biological processes: CXCL8 (shared), HBG2, GRIN2A, and FGFBP1 (PAH - specific), FAM111B (HAPC - specific), C12orf39 and SLAMF1 (PE - specific). The genes lacking disease-association evidence but with similar characteristics with the above two groups were considered as 'potential minor-effect biomarkers': are SRRM2 - AS1 (shared), ATP8A1 (PAH - specific), RXFP1 and HJURP (HAPC - specific), HIST1H1T (PE - specific). With the development of biological experiments, these intermediate crucial and potential minor-effect biomarkers may be proved to be direct biomarkers in the future. Therefore, these biomarkers may serve as an entry point for subsequent research and are of great significance.
摘要：
Colletotrichum scovillei is a pathogen that causes anthracnose , resulting in significant postharvest losses in pepper fruit. Biocontrol using antagonistic microbes is a promising solution for sustainable disease management. We previously identified Streptomyces olivoreticuli ZZ-21, which has broad-spectrum antifungal activity. In this study, we evaluated the antagonistic ability of ZZ-21 specifically against C. scovillei in both in vitro and pepper fruit assays, as well as the possible mechanisms involved. Dual culture assays revealed that strain ZZ-21 achieved 86.25 % mycelial inhibition rate against C. scovillei . Pepper fruit trials indicated that the culture filtrate of ZZ-21 significantly reduced both the incidence and lesion size of anthracnose caused by C. scovillei , while maintaining fruit quality. The efficacy of control was dependent on the concentrations of the ZZ-21 culture filtrate, with a 100 % control efficiency observed in the treatment utilizing 100 % culture filtrate. Moreover, the ZZ-21 culture filtrate obviously inhibited spore germination and damaged the cell membrane permeability of C. scovillei , while also inducing plant resistance by enhancing the activities of defense-related enzymes. The primary inhibitory substances were included in proteins and n-butyl alcohol crude extracts of the ZZ-21 culture filtrate, which exhibited EC 50 values of 56.88 ± 0.82 μg/mL and 65.37 ± 0.36 μg/mL, respectively. These substances were analyzed using LC-MS and were thought to contribute to the broad-spectrum antifungal activity of ZZ-21. Hence, strain ZZ-21 is a potent biocontrol agent for controlling anthracnose in pepper caused by C. scovillei .
Colletotrichum scovillei is a pathogen that causes anthracnose , resulting in significant postharvest losses in pepper fruit. Biocontrol using antagonistic microbes is a promising solution for sustainable disease management. We previously identified Streptomyces olivoreticuli ZZ-21, which has broad-spectrum antifungal activity. In this study, we evaluated the antagonistic ability of ZZ-21 specifically against C. scovillei in both in vitro and pepper fruit assays, as well as the possible mechanisms involved. Dual culture assays revealed that strain ZZ-21 achieved 86.25 % mycelial inhibition rate against C. scovillei . Pepper fruit trials indicated that the culture filtrate of ZZ-21 significantly reduced both the incidence and lesion size of anthracnose caused by C. scovillei , while maintaining fruit quality. The efficacy of control was dependent on the concentrations of the ZZ-21 culture filtrate, with a 100 % control efficiency observed in the treatment utilizing 100 % culture filtrate. Moreover, the ZZ-21 culture filtrate obviously inhibited spore germination and damaged the cell membrane permeability of C. scovillei , while also inducing plant resistance by enhancing the activities of defense-related enzymes. The primary inhibitory substances were included in proteins and n-butyl alcohol crude extracts of the ZZ-21 culture filtrate, which exhibited EC 50 values of 56.88 ± 0.82 μg/mL and 65.37 ± 0.36 μg/mL, respectively. These substances were analyzed using LC-MS and were thought to contribute to the broad-spectrum antifungal activity of ZZ-21. Hence, strain ZZ-21 is a potent biocontrol agent for controlling anthracnose in pepper caused by C. scovillei .
关键词：
control efficacy;egg parasitoid;host acceptance;performance;Trichogramma chilonis
摘要：
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), a new invasive pest in China, is a major threat to global tomato production. Trichogramma egg parasitoids are an effective approach to controlling this pest. In this study, we examined the potential of seven strains from four Trichogramma species, encompassing three native and commercially available representatives in China-namely, Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (strains TC-HN and TC-JL), T. dendrolimi Matsumura (TD-JL), and T. ostriniae Pang and Chen (TO-JL and TO-MY)-and one of South America origin-T. pretiosum Riley (TP-GS and TP-HN), a species commercially available for T. absoluta control but not evaluated in any previous studies in China. The host acceptance of the seven Trichogramma strains by T. absoluta was examined by placing parasitoid females with T. absoluta eggs on cardboard in tubes. The performance (life history traits and lifetable parameters) of four prospective strains, TC-HN, TC-JL, TO-JL, and TP-HN, was tested by using cardboard with T. absoluta eggs. The most promising strains, TC-HN, TC-JL, and TP-HN, were evaluated on a larger scale using cages in the laboratory to assess their parasitism capacity. The most promising strain, TC-JL (and TP-HN), was tested in field cages to assess its control efficiency under cropping conditions. The TC-JL and TC-HN strains of T. chilonis, the TO-JL strain of T. ostriniae, and the TP-HN strain of T. pretiosum showed greater host acceptance; the TP-HN strain of T. pretiosum showed a greater egg-card parasitism rate. Strain TC-JL outperformed other species/strains under laboratory conditions. In field cage tests, the larval population size and percentages of damaged plants and leaves in cages with TC-JL released were significantly reduced by 75.10%, 55.56%, and 64.69%, respectively, compared with those of the non-Trichogramma-release control. Our results indicate that the Asian native T. chilonis (particularly strain TC-JL), a dominant commercial biocontrol agent, should be included in IPM programs targeting T. absoluta in China. T. pretiosum (particularly strain TP-HN) could be a potential candidate for biocontrol of T. absoluta.
摘要：
INTRODUCTION: Thioredoxins (TRX) are redox-active proteins critical for plant stress adaptation. As a TRX family member, nucleoredoxin (NRX) maintains drought-induced redox homeostasis, yet its genome-wide characterization in rice remains uninvestigated. METHODS: Using HMMER3.0 (E-value <1e-5) and TBtools, we identified OsNRX genes across three rice varieties (Minghui63, Nipponbare, 9311). Conserved domains were verified by SMART/CDD, while promoter cis-elements were systematically predicted with PlantCARE. Tissue-specific expression patterns were analyzed using RiceXPro data, and drought responses were quantified via qRT-PCR in drought-tolerant (Jiangnong Zao 1B) versus sensitive (TAISEN GLUTINOUS YU 1157) varieties under PEG6000 stress. RESULTS: Ten OsNRX genes were classified into three subfamilies (NRX1/NRX2/NRX3) exhibiting conserved domain architectures. Promoter analysis identified abundant stress-responsive elements (ABRE, MBS) and phytohormone signals (ABA/JA/SA). Tissue-specific expression profiles revealed NRX1a dominance in roots/hulls, versus NRX1b/NRX2 enrichment in endosperm. Drought stress triggered rapid OsNRX upregulation (20-53-fold within 3-6h), with tolerant varieties showing earlier NRX2 activation than sensitive counterparts. DISCUSSION: OsNRX genes exhibit dynamic drought-responsive regulation, while their spatiotemporal expression in glumes, embryos, and endosperm suggests potential dual roles in stress adaptation and grain development. These results provide molecular targets for improving drought resilience in rice breeding.
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The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hüfnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a globally significant underground pest known for its broad host range and destructive feeding habits. While nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPVs) and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) have been widely used as microbial insecticides, their combined effects against A. ipsilon remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the pathogenicity of different NPVs and Bt strains against A. ipsilon larvae, both individually and in combination. Pathogenicity varied significantly among treatments, with Mamestra brassicae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (MbMNPV) exhibiting the highest virulence, causing 84.62% insect mortality at the lowest tested concentration (1 × 105 OBs/ml). Insect mortality generally increased with higher NPVs concentrations, reaching over 90% at 1 × 108 OBs/ml. In contrast, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlMNPV) showed moderate lethality compared to MbMNPV, while Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) and 2 Bt strains exhibited even lower pathogenicity. The interactions between NPVs and Bt varied depending on pathogen combinations and concentrations. Synergistic effects were observed in SlMNPV-Bt mixtures, leading to increased larval mortality and distinct survival curves compared to treatments with SlMNPV or Bt alone. MbMNPV-Bt combinations produced stable additive effects in most cases, whereas SeMNPV-Bt combinations exhibited varied effects, including synergistic, antagonistic, and additive effects. These findings provide insights into optimizing NPV-Bt combinations for A. ipsilon control, offering a potential alternative to chemical insecticides.
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Pathogenic co-infections in plants significantly impact microbial diversity and disease outcomes, yet their effects on microbial community structure and ecological processes remain unclear. Tobacco plants were co-infected with Ralstonia solanacearum and Neocosmospora falciformis. 16S ribosomal RNA and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing were used to assess bacterial and fungal communities, respectively, in infected tobacco stems. The results were compared between co-infected and healthy control tobacco plants to assess the effects of infection. Co-infection reduced microbial diversity and shifted community structure, promoting ecological specialization. Network analysis revealed synergistic interactions between the pathogens, enhancing virulence through positive correlations with certain microbial taxa. Conversely, some taxa exhibited antagonistic effects, potentially limiting pathogen proliferation. Deterministic processes were found to dominate microbial community assembly under infection conditions, significantly reshaping the microbial landscape compared to healthy control plants. This study highlights the profound effects of co-infection on microbial diversity, community composition, microbial interactions, and community assembly processes in tobacco plants. These findings provide valuable insights for developing more targeted plant disease management strategies by manipulating microbial communities.
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Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h);Spodoptera litura;Biological control
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Ascoviruses, a family of large, double-stranded circular DNA viruses, exhibit high host specificity and pathogenicity, suggesting their significant potential in biocontrol. A hallmark characteristic of ascovirus infection in larvae is reduced feeding and retarded growth. However, the mechanisms by which ascoviruses regulate these effects remain largely unknown. Given their crucial role in regulating larval feeding, insect neuropeptides have attracted our attention in the context of ascovirus infection. During HvAV-3h infection in S. litura , the expression levels of neuropeptide F ( NPF ), including NPF1 and NPF2 , which are integral to feeding regulation, were significantly reduced. HvAV-3h infection impaired NPF regulation in larvae, leading to reduced food intake and larval weight gain across different physiological states. Concurrently, significant up-regulation of the NPF receptor ( NPFR ) was observed in the head tissue. The observed dysregulation of the NPF / NPFR signaling pathway was associated with elevated juvenile hormone (JH) titers. In contrast, the expression levels of short neuropeptide F ( sNPF ) and the molting hormone ecdysone remained unchanged. Moreover, histopathological analysis of the midgut revealed no epithelial cell damage. Furthermore, RNA interference of NPF1 or NPF2 significantly increased the expression of NPFR and juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase ( JHAMT ), and tended to further reduce food intake and weight gain, which consequently increased the mortality during HvAV-3h infection. HvAV-3h infection disrupts the NPF / NPFR signaling pathway in S. litura larvae, subsequently elevating JH titers, ultimately leading to reduced food intake and larval weight gain. This study enhances our understanding of the interaction between HvAV-3h and its host, and provides a theoretical basis for the development of innovative pest management strategies.
Ascoviruses, a family of large, double-stranded circular DNA viruses, exhibit high host specificity and pathogenicity, suggesting their significant potential in biocontrol. A hallmark characteristic of ascovirus infection in larvae is reduced feeding and retarded growth. However, the mechanisms by which ascoviruses regulate these effects remain largely unknown. Given their crucial role in regulating larval feeding, insect neuropeptides have attracted our attention in the context of ascovirus infection. During HvAV-3h infection in S. litura , the expression levels of neuropeptide F ( NPF ), including NPF1 and NPF2 , which are integral to feeding regulation, were significantly reduced. HvAV-3h infection impaired NPF regulation in larvae, leading to reduced food intake and larval weight gain across different physiological states. Concurrently, significant up-regulation of the NPF receptor ( NPFR ) was observed in the head tissue. The observed dysregulation of the NPF / NPFR signaling pathway was associated with elevated juvenile hormone (JH) titers. In contrast, the expression levels of short neuropeptide F ( sNPF ) and the molting hormone ecdysone remained unchanged. Moreover, histopathological analysis of the midgut revealed no epithelial cell damage. Furthermore, RNA interference of NPF1 or NPF2 significantly increased the expression of NPFR and juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase ( JHAMT ), and tended to further reduce food intake and weight gain, which consequently increased the mortality during HvAV-3h infection. HvAV-3h infection disrupts the NPF / NPFR signaling pathway in S. litura larvae, subsequently elevating JH titers, ultimately leading to reduced food intake and larval weight gain. This study enhances our understanding of the interaction between HvAV-3h and its host, and provides a theoretical basis for the development of innovative pest management strategies.
