作者机构：
[Peng, Chi; Ouyang, Zhiyun; Chen, Weiping; Jiao, Wentao; Bai, Yang; Wang, Meie] State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;[Liao, Xiaolan] College of Bio-safety Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Ouyang, Zhiyun] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
关键词：
PAHs;Principal component analysis;Kriging;Incremental lifetime cancer risks;Health risk assessment;Urban soil
作者机构：
[Li, Xiao-gang] College of Bio-safety Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[Chen, Li-quan] Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China;[Liu, Su-qin; Chen, Li-quan; Li, Xiao-gang; Huang, Ke-Long; Tan, Ning] School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
通讯机构：
[Huang, Ke-Long] Cent S Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
Symposium on Materials, Devices, and Prospects for Sustainable Energy of the European-Materials-Research-Society Meeting
会议时间：
MAY 29-JUN 02, 2006
会议地点：
Nice, FRANCE
会议主办单位：
[Huang, Ke-Long;Li, Xiao-Gang;Liu, Su-Qin;Tan, Ning;Chen, Li-Quan] Cent S Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.^[Chen, Li-Quan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.^[Li, Xiao-Gang] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosafety Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is the most devastating disease of rice and severely affects crop stability and sustainability worldwide. This disease has advanced to become one of the premier model fungal pathosystems for host—pathogen interactions because of the depth of comprehensive studies in both species using modern genetic, genomic, proteomic and bioinformatic approaches. Many fungal genes involved in pathogenicity and rice genes involved in effector recognition and defence responses have been identified over the past decade. Specifically, the cloning of a total of nine avirulence (Avr) genes in M. oryzae, 13 rice resistance (R) genes and two rice blast quantitative trait loci (QTLs) has provided new insights into the molecular basis of fungal and plant interactions. In this article, we consider the new findings on the structure and function of the recently cloned R and Avr genes, and provide perspectives for future research directions towards a better understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the rice–M. oryzae interaction.
摘要：
Globalization has provided opportunities for parasites/pathogens to cross geographic boundaries and expand to new hosts. Recent studies showed that Nosema ceranae, originally considered a microsporidian parasite of Eastern honey bees, Apis cerana, is a disease agent of nosemosis in European honey bees, Apis mellifera, along with the resident species, Nosema apis. Further Studies indicated that disease caused by N. ceranae In European honey bees is far more prevalent than that caused by N. apis. In order to gain more insight into the epidemiology of Nosema parasitism in honey bees, we conducted studies to investigate infection of Nosema in its original host, Eastern honey bees, using conventional PCR and duplex real time quantitative PCR methods. Our results showed that A. cerana was infected not only with N. ceranae as previously reported [Fries, L, Feng, F., Silva, A.D., Slemenda, S.B., Pieniazek, N.J., 1996. Nosema ceranae n. sp. (Microspora, Nosematidae), morphological and molecular characterization of a microsporidian parasite of the Asian honey bee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Eur. J. Protistol. 32, 356-365], but also with N. apis. Both microsporidia produced single and mixed infections. Overall and at each location alone, the prevalence of N. ceranae was higher than that of N. apis. In all cases of mixed infections, the number of N. ceranae gene copies (corresponding to the parasite load) significantly out numbered those of N. apis. Phylogenetic analysis based on a variable region of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) showed four distinct clades of N. apis and five clades of N. ceranae and that geographical distance does not appear to influence the genetic diversity of Nosema populations. The results from this study demonstrated that duplex real-time qPCR assay developed in this study is a valuable tool for quantitative measurement of Nosema and can be used to monitor the progression of microsprodian infections of honey bees in a timely and cost efficient manner. Published by Elsevier Inc.
摘要：
The components in plant signal transduction pathways are intertwined and affect each other to coordinate plant growth, development, and defenses to stresses. The role of ubiquitination in connecting these pathways, particularly plant innate immunity and flowering, is largely unknown. Here, we report the dual roles for the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Plant U-box protein13 (PUB13) in defense and flowering time control. In vitro ubiquitination assays indicated that PUB13 is an active E3 ubiquitin ligase and that the intact U-box domain is required for the E3 ligase activity. Disruption of the PUB13 gene by T-DNA insertion results in spontaneous cell death, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid (SA), and elevated resistance to biotrophic pathogens but increased susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens. The cell death, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and resistance to necrotrophic pathogens in pub13 are enhanced when plants are pretreated with high humidity. Importantly, pub13 also shows early flowering under middle- and long-day conditions, in which the expression of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 and FLOWERING LOCUS T is induced while FLOWERING LOCUS C expression is suppressed. Finally, we found that two components involved in the SA-mediated signaling pathway, SID2 and PAD4, are required for the defense and flowering-time phenotypes caused by the loss of function of PUB13. Taken together, our data demonstrate that PUB13 acts as an important node connecting SA-dependent defense signaling and flowering time regulation in Arabidopsis.
通讯机构：
[Zhou, Xuguo] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Accurate evaluation of gene expression requires normalization relative to the expression of reliable reference genes. Expression levels of "classical" reference genes can differ, however, across experimental conditions. Although quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) has been used extensively to decipher gene function in the sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci, a world-wide pest in many agricultural systems, the stability of its reference genes has rarely been validated. RESULTS: In this study, 15 candidate reference genes from B. tabaci were evaluated using two Excel-based algorithms geNorm and Normfinder under a diverse set of biotic and abiotic conditions. At least two reference genes were selected to normalize gene expressions in B. tabaci under experimental conditions. Specifically, for biotic conditions including host plant, acquisition of a plant virus, developmental stage, tissue (body region of the adult), and whitefly biotype, ribosomal protein L29 was the most stable reference gene. In contrast, the expression of elongation factor 1 alpha, peptidylprolyl isomerase A, NADH dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A and heat shock protein 40 were consistently stable across various abiotic conditions including photoperiod, temperature, and insecticide susceptibility. CONCLUSION: Our finding is the first step toward establishing a standardized quantitative real-time PCR procedure following the MIQE (Minimum Information for publication of Quantitative real time PCR Experiments) guideline in an agriculturally important insect pest, and provides a solid foundation for future RNA interference based functional study in B. tabaci.
摘要：
Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), a primary tool in gene expression analysis, requires an appropriate normalization strategy to control for variation among samples. The best option is to compare the mRNA level of a target gene with that of reference gene(s) whose expression level is stable across various experimental conditions. In this study, expression profiles of eight candidate reference genes from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, were evaluated under diverse experimental conditions. RefFinder, a web-based analysis tool, integrates four major computational programs including geNorm, Normfinder, BestKeeper, and the comparative DeltaCt method to comprehensively rank the tested candidate genes. Elongation factor 1 (EF1) was the most suited reference gene for the biotic factors (development stage, tissue, and strain). In contrast, although appropriate reference gene(s) do exist for several abiotic factors (temperature, photoperiod, insecticide, and mechanical injury), we were not able to identify a single universal reference gene. Nevertheless, a suite of candidate reference genes were specifically recommended for selected experimental conditions. Our finding is the first step toward establishing a standardized qRT-PCR analysis of this agriculturally important insect pest.
通讯机构：
[Xie, Daoxin] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Life Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The F-box protein CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) plays a central role in jasmonate (JA) signaling and is required for all JA responses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). To dissect JA signal transduction, we isolated the partially suppressing coi1 (psc1) mutant, which partially suppressed coi1 insensitivity to JA inhibition of root growth. The psc1 mutant partially restored JA sensitivity in coi1-2 background and displayed JA hypersensitivity in wild-type COI1 background. Genetic mapping, sequence analysis, and complementation tests revealed that psc1 is a leaky mutation of DWARF4 (DWF4) that encodes a key enzyme in brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis. Physiological analysis showed that an application of exogenous BR eliminated the partial restoration of JA sensitivity by psc1 in coi1-2 background and the JA hypersensitivity of psc1 in wild-type COI1 background. Exogenous BR also attenuated JA inhibition of root growth in the wild type. In addition, the expression of DWF4 was inhibited by JA, and this inhibition was dependent on COI1. These results indicate that (1) BR is involved in JA signaling and negatively regulates JA inhibition of root growth, and (2) the DWF4 is down-regulated by JA and is located downstream of COI1 in the JA-signaling pathway.
作者机构：
[Xie, Bing-Yan; Mao, Zhen-Chuan; Wang, Yun-Sheng; Tian, Xue-Liang; Lin, Ren-Miao] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Nansheng] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.;[Cheng, Xin-Yue] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Yun-Sheng] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Tian, Xue-Liang] Coll Henan Inst Sci & Technol, Xinxiang, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Nansheng] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
摘要：
Our recent research revealed that pinewood nematode (PWN) possesses few genes encoding enzymes for degrading alpha-pinene, which is the main compound in pine resin. In this study, we examined the role of PWN microbiome in xenobiotics detoxification by metagenomic and bacteria culture analyses. Functional annotation of metagenomes illustrated that benzoate degradation and its related metabolisms may provide the main metabolic pathways for xenobiotics detoxification in the microbiome, which is obviously different from that in PWN that uses cytochrome P450 metabolism as the main pathway for detoxification. The metabolic pathway of degrading alpha-pinene is complete in microbiome, but incomplete in PWN genome. Experimental analysis demonstrated that most of tested cultivable bacteria can not only survive the stress of 0.4% alpha-pinene, but also utilize alpha-pinene as carbon source for their growth. Our results indicate that PWN and its microbiome have established a potentially mutualistic symbiotic relationship with complementary pathways in detoxification metabolism.
摘要：
Seventy- seven species of family Bombycidae s. lat., belonging to 25 genera in three subfamilies, that have been recorded from China are listed and described, with illustrations of the adults, preimaginal stages ( if available), and their genitalia. Keys to subfamilies and genera are provided. Two new genera and four new species are described, two subgenera are raised to generic status, seven new combinations are made, and one genus and six species are newly recorded from China. The new taxa are as follows: Rotunda Wang, X. & Zolotuhin, gen. nov., Comparmustilia Wang, X. & Zolotuhin, gen. nov., Triuncina daii Wang, X. & Zolotuhin, sp. nov., Triuncina xiongi Wang, X. & Zolotuhin, sp. nov., Gnathocinara boi Wang, X. & Zolotuhin, sp. nov. and Promustilia yajiangensis Wang, X. & Zolotuhin, sp. nov. The taxa newly recorded for China are: Sesquiluna Forbes, 1955; Trilocha friedeli Dierl, 1978; Bivincula kalikotei Dierl, 1978; Sesquiluna forbesi Zolotuhin & Witt, 2009; Mustilizans lepusa Zolotuhin, 2007; Smerkata brechlini ( Zolotuhin, 2007) and Mustilia castanea Moore, 1879. The seven new combinations are: Rotunda rotundapex ( Miyata & Kishida, 1990), comb. nov., Triuncina nitida ( Chu & Wang, L. Y., 1993), comb. nov., Gunda sesostris ( Vuillot, 1893), comb. nov., Smerkata fusca ( Kishida, 1993), comb. nov., Comparmustilia sphingiformis ( Moore, 1879), comb. nov., Comparmustilia semiravida ( Yang, 1995), comb. nov., Comparmustilia gerontica ( West, 1932), comb. nov.. The two subgenera raised to generic level are: Promustilia Zolotuhin, 2007, stat. nov. and Smerkata Zolotuhin, 2007, stat. nov.. The distributions of the species in China were determined and distributional maps provided. All type specimens of the new species described here are deposited in the College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, China ( HUNAU); Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, China ( SCAU); Kyushu University Museum, Kyushu University, Japan ( KUM), and Entomological Museum Thomas J. Witt, Munich, Germany ( MWM).
关键词：
Bacterial surface display;Ice nucleation protein;Organophosphorus hydrolase;p-Nitrophenol;Spectrophotometric detection of organophosphates
摘要：
Organophosphates COPS) widely exist in ecosystem as toxic substances, for which sensitive and rapid analytical methods are highly requested. In the present work, by using N-terminal of ice nucleation protein (INP) as anchoring motif, a genetically engineered Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain surface displayed mutant organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) (S5) with improved enzyme activity was successfully constructed. The surface location of INP-OPH fusion was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis and enzyme activity assays. The OPH-displayed bacteria facilitate the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenol (PNP) substituted organophosphates to generate PNP, which can be detected spectrometrically at 410 nm. Over 90% of the recombinant protein present on the surface of microbes demonstrated enhanced enzyme activity and long-term stability. The OPH activity of whole cells was 2.16 U/OD600 using paraoxon as its substrate, which is the highest value reported so far. The optimal temperature for OPH activity was around 55 degrees C and suspended cultures retained almost 100% of its activity over a period of one month at room temperature, exhibiting the better stability than free OPH. The recombinant E. coli strain could be employed as a whole-cell biocatalyst for detecting PNP substituted OPs at wider ranges and lower detection limits. Specifically, the linear ranges of the calibration curves were 0.5-150 mu M paraoxon, 1-200 mu M parathion and 2.5-200 mu M methyl parathion, and limits of detection were 0.2 mu M, 0.4 mu M and 1 mu M for paraoxon, parathion and methyl parathion, respectively (S/N = 3). These results indicate that the engineered OPH strain is a promising multifunctional bacterium that could be used for further large-scale industrial and environmental applications. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Chen, Lusheng] Shihezi Univ, Dept Forestry, Coll Agr, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Guohua] Hunan Agr Univ, Inst Entomol, Coll Biosafety Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Min] S China Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Min] S China Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Lepidoptera;Notodontidae;Ptilophora;new species
摘要：
The genus Ptilophora Stephens in China is briefly reviewed, with the description of Ptilophora nanlingensissp. n. The new species is most similar to Ptilophora horieaurea in wing pattern and to Ptilophora jezoensis in male genitalia, but they can be distinguished from each other by the following characters: forewing bright reddish brown in Ptilophora nanlingensis, chestnut brown in Ptilophora horieaurea; costa of male genitalia pointed, with a rounded subapical process ventrally in Ptilophora jezoensis, costa rounded, with apex inflated, and with pointed subapical process ventrally in Ptilophora nanlingensis. A key to the Ptilophora species from China and adjacent areas is presented and a distribution map is given. The holotype of the new species is deposited in the Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, P. R. China.
关键词：
Cremastocheilini;Cremastocheilina;biogeography;ant;inquiline;Asia;Oriental region
摘要：
The Clinterocera jucunda species group of the genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 is revised. Fourteen species are recognized within this group, including five new species described herein: C. brevifasciata Xu & Qiu, new species from northern Vietnam and China; C. krikkeni Xu & Qiu, new species from southwestern China; C. sinensis Xu & Qiu, new species from southern China; C. velutina Xu & Qiu, new species from Hainan, China; and C. vietnamensis Xu & Qiu, new species from central Vietnam and Laos. Clinterocera nigra (Kano, 1931) is elevated to the species level. Clinterocera donckieri (Bourgoin, 1924) revised status is revalidated from the synonymy with C. davidis (Fairmaire, 1878). Two new synonyms are proposed based on examination of types and additional specimens: C. humeralis (Moser, 1902) new synonym and C. cervenkai Krajcik, 2012 new synonym are placed as junior synonyms of C. jucunda (Westwood, 1873) and C. donckieri, respectively. Lectotypes are designated for C. davidis and C. humeralis. Diagnoses and colored illustrations of most species are provided, including other four rare species, C. bicolor (Nonfried, 1893), C. ishikawai (Kurosawa, 1973), C. raui (Paulian, 1961), and C. yunnana (Moser, 1911). A key and a detailed description for the species group are presented. Male genitalia, intraspecific variations, new distribution records, and natural history are given for most species. The relationship between Clinterocera and ants is discussed.
摘要：
The resistance of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) to soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe), which is a devastating pathogen in soybean production and causes a large quantity of annual yield loss worldwide, can shift during the long-term interaction and domestication. It is vital to identify more new resistance genetic sources for identification of novel genes underlying resistance to SCN for management of this pathogen. In the present study, first, two ethane methylsulfonate-mutagenesis soybean M2 populations of PI 437654, which shows a broad resistance to almost all of SCN races, and Zhonghuang 13, which is a soybean cultivar in China conferring strong resistance to lodging, were developed. Many types of morphological phenotypes such as four- and five-leaflet leaves were observed from these two soybean M2 populations. Second, 13 mutants were identified and confirmed to exhibit alteration of resistance to SCN race 4 through the forward genetic screening of 400 mutants of the PI 437654 M2 population, the rate of mutants with alteration of SCNinfection phenotype is 3.25%. Third, these identified mutants were further verified not to show any changes in the genomic sequences of the three known SCN-resistant genes, GmSHMT08, GmSNAP18 and GmSANP11, compared to the wildtype soybean; and all of them were still resistant to SCN race 3 similar to the wild-type soybean. Taken together, we can conclude that the 13 mutants identified in the present study carry the mutations of the new gene(s) which contribute(s) to the resistance to SCN race 4 in PI 437654 and can be potentially used as the genetic soybean sources to further identify the novel SCN-resistant gene(s).
摘要：
Jasmonates (JAs) are a class of plant hormones that play important roles in the regulation of plant development and plant defense. It has been shown that Arabidopsis plants produce much higher levels of anthocyanins when treated exogenously with methyl jasmonate (MeJA). However, a molecular link between the JA response and anthocyanin production has not been determined. The CORONATINE INSENTITIVE1 (COI1) gene is a key player in the regulation of many JA‐related responses. In the present study, we demonstrate that the COI1 gene is also required for the JA‐induced accumulation of anthocyanins in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the MeJA‐inducible expression of DIHYDROFLAVONOL REDUCTASE (DFR), an essential component in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, was completely eliminated in the coi1 mutant. Jasmonate‐induced anthocyanin accumulation was found to be independent of auxin signaling. The present results indicate that the expression of both COI1 and DFR genes is required for the regulation of JA‐induced anthocyanin accumulation and that DFR may be a key downstream regulator for this process.
期刊：
The Journal of international medical research,2018年46(11):300060518799902 ISSN：0300-0605
通讯作者：
Mei, Haibo
作者机构：
[Shen, Miaoda; Yang, Ge] 2 Orthopaedic Department, the First Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China;[Liao, Wenyu] 3 Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China;[Yang, Ge; Mei, Haibo] 1 Orthopaedic Department, Hunan Children's Hospital, The Pediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
通讯机构：
[Mei, Haibo] Univ South China, Hunan Childrens Hosp, Pediat Acad, Orthopaed Dept, Changsha 410000, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Back pain is a common clinical symptom. Degeneration of intervertebral discs is one of the most important factors leading to back pain, namely, discogenic back pain. However, at present, the understanding of lumbar intervertebral discs causing back pain is confined to biomechanical and histological studies. The neuropathological mechanism related to discogenic back pain is still not well understood. Many studies have found that as an intervertebral disc degenerates, the peripheral nerve tissues have corresponding structural reorganization, and a series of nerve cells become involved in progression of discogenic back pain. Therefore, study of neural mechanisms that are involved in progression of discogenic back pain will provide additional assistance for treatment of its symptoms. We review the anatomical structure of intervertebral discs and the related neural mechanisms involved in discogenic back pain. We also discuss the current view of neural mechanisms underlying discogenic back pain.
摘要：
Abstract: Predators are important biotic factors in the population dynamics of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. A specific DNA marker was developed to detect P. xylostella in the gut contents of two polyphagous predators, Nabis kinbergii and Lycosa sp. A distinct 275‐bp product was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS‐1) of the ribosomal gene of P. xylostella, but not from 11 other arthropod species collected from Brassica fields in South Australia. Fortuitously, the primer set could also amplify DNA products from two species and three varieties of Brassica plants, with the fragment size about 600 bp. When N. kinbergii was analysed after feeding a single fourth instar P. xylostella, 67% of individuals were positive with the 275‐bp PCR product up to 16 h after feeding. Likewise, the PCR product was detected in 80% individuals of Lycosa sp. up to 72 h after feeding on a single fourth instar P. xylostella larva. Initial tests of samples collected from the field showed that the predation incidences for both N. kinbergii and Lycosa sp. determined by the 275‐bp fragment corresponded to the density of P. xylostella in the field.
作者：
Zhang, Fengjuan*;Li, Qiao;Yerger, Ellen Heininger;Chen, Xue;Shi, Qing;Wan, Fanghao*
期刊：
Mycorrhiza,2018年28(8):703-715 ISSN：0940-6360
通讯作者：
Wan, Fanghao;Zhang, Fengjuan
作者机构：
[Li, Qiao] College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China;[Li, Qiao] State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China;[Zhang, Fengjuan] College of Life Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi East, Baoding, 071002, Hebei Province, China. fengjuanzhang@126.com;[Yerger, Ellen Heininger] Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, 15705, USA;[Wan, Fanghao] State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. wanfanghaocaas@163.com
通讯机构：
[Wan, Fanghao] State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.;[Zhang, Fengjuan] College of Life Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi East, Baoding, 071002, Hebei Province, China.
摘要：
Invasive species often cause enormous economic and ecological damage, and this is especially true for invasive plants in the Asteraceae family. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role in the successful invasion by exotic plant species because of their ability to promote growth and influence interspecific competition. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of invasive Asteraceae species on AMF diversity and how feedback mechanisms during competition with native species subsequently affect the accumulation of nutrient resources. Two exotic Asteraceae, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Bidens pilosa, were monitored during competition with a native grass species, Setaria viridis, which is being replaced by these exotic species in natural areas around the study site. From these species continuously maintained in a field plot for 5 years, we collected the rhizosphere soil and cloned and identified soil AMF. Furthermore, AM fungal spores were isolated from rhizosphere soil of the two invasive species and used as inoculum in greenhouse experiments, to compare growth and nutrient accumulation during competition. The results indicate that although the AMF diversity in the rhizosphere soil of A. artemisiifolia and B. pilosa differed, the three most abundant species (Septoglomus viscosum, Septoglomus constrictum, Glomus perpusillum) were identical. The addition of AMF inoculum changed the competition between the plants, increasing the competitive ability of the invasives and decreasing that of the native. The results show a similar AMF community composition between A. artemisiifolia and B. pilosa, increased AMF root colonization of the invasive species during competition, AMF-enhanced N accumulation, and AMF-facilitated competitive growth of the invasive species.
摘要：
Evolution of resistance by pests is the greatest threat to the continuous success of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins used in conventional sprays or in transgenic plants. The most common mechanism of insect resistance to Bt is reduced binding of toxins to target sites in the brush border membrane of the larval mid-gut. In this paper, binding experiments were performed with three I-125-Cry1A toxins and the brush border membrane vesicles from Cry1Ac resistant or susceptible strains of Helicoverpa armigera. The homologous competition test showed that there was no significant difference in Cry1Ac-binding affinity, but the concentration of Cry1Ac-binding sites dramatically decreased in the resistant strain (R-t decreased from 5.87 +/- 1.40 to 2.23 +/- 0.80). The heterologous competition test showed that there were three Cry1Ac-binding sites in the susceptible strain. Among them, site I bound with all three Cry1A toxins, site 2 bound with both Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac, and site 3 only bound with Cry1Ac. In the Cry1Ac resistant strain, the binding capability of site 1 with Cry1Ab decreased and site 2 did not bind with Cry1Ac. It is suggested that the absence of one binding site is responsible for H. armigera resistance to Cry1Ac. This result also showed that the resistance fitted the "mode 1" pattern of Bt resistance described previously. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Rosiglitazone (RG) is a well-known activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR) and used to treat hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes; however, its clinical application has been confounded by adverse side effects. Here, we assessed the roles of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a phenolic secondary metabolite found in many fruits and vegetables, on the differentiation and lipolysis of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The results showed that CGA promoted differentiation in vitro according to oil red O staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. As a potential molecular mechanism, CGA downregulated mRNA levels of the adipocyte differentiation-inhibitor gene Pref1 and upregulated those of major adipogenic transcriptional factors (Cebpb and Srebp1). Additionally, CGA upregulated the expression of the differentiation-related transcriptional factor PPAR2 at both the mRNA and protein levels. However, following CGA intervention, the accumulation of intracellular triacylglycerides following preadipocyte differentiation was significantly lower than that in the RG group. Consistent with this, our data indicated that CGA treatment significantly upregulated the expression of lipogenic pathway-related genes Plin and Srebp1 during the differentiation stage, although the influence of CGA was weaker than that of RG. Notably, CGA upregulated the expression of the lipolysis-related gene Hsl, whereas it did not increase the expression of the lipid synthesis-related gene Dgat1. These results demonstrated that CGA might function as a potential PPAR agonist similar to RG; however, the impact of CGA on lipolysis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differed from that of RG.
