摘要：
Pig, cow, and sheep manure (PM, CM, and SM) are inevitable byproducts of agricultural economic development. Converting them into high add-on value biochar (PMB, CMB, and SMB) via pyrolysis is an efficient resource utilization measure. Phosphorus (P) speciation analyses help ensure the practical feasibility of the P reclamation of animal manure and their derived biochar and a reduction in environmental risk. This study conducted a modified extraction procedure to separate five inorganic P (IP) (soluble and loosely bound IP, aluminum-bound IP, Fe-bound IP, oxide-occluded IP, and Ca-bound IP) and organic P (OP) speciations, and combined X-ray diffraction (XRD) to investigate the major phosphate compound in the derived biochar after pyrolysis. Results revealed that more than 92% of P is concentrated in the derived biochar during pyrolysis processes carried out at 200-800 & DEG;C. The percentages of soluble and loosely bound IP, aluminum-bound IP, and OP in manure decreased significantly due to their transformation into more stable P fractions such as Ca-bound IP (79.01% in PMB, 800 & DEG;C) after pyrolysis. The Olsen-P percentages had a distinct reduction at 650 & DEG;C, indicating that pyrolysis at 650 & DEG;C was the optimal condition for the reduction in Olsen-P in manure.
通讯机构：
[Sheng Zhang] N;[Ailing Liu] C;College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
摘要：
Skeletal muscle (SkM) is essential for body movement, energy metabolism, and material metabolism, and directly influences the quality of human life. Aging, chronic diseases, and strenuous exercise often lead to various health problems associated with SkM, including muscle atrophy, loss of muscle mass and strength, and metabolic disorders. Various natural products (NaPs), mainly resveratrol (RES), quercetin (QUE), ursolic acid (UA), ecdysone (ECD; mainly 20-OH ECD, 20-HE), and vitamin D, have been reported to protect or regulate SkM health. Some of the products are functionally equivalent to sex hormones, and some are even referred to as "plant exercise pills." However, controversy persists regarding the role of NaPs in SkM health. Therefore, this review objectively summarizes the in vivo and vitro biological activities, molecular mechanisms, and clinical research results of studies on NaPs applied in the regulation of SkM health over the past decade. The present review could advance further research on NaPs and SkM health, and facilitate the revelation of new evidence that could facilitate the application of NaPs in ensuring SkM health. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Chromium is one of the major pollutants in water and soil. Thus, it is urgent to develop a new method for chromium removal from the environment. Phytoremediation is a promising approach for heavy metal pollution recovery. As a perennial giant grass with a fast growth rate, Pennisetum sinese has been widely used as livestock feed, mushroom culture medium and biomass energy raw material. Interestingly, we have found a high adsorption capacity of P. sinese for chromium. P. sinese was treated with different concentrations of chromium for 15 days. Results showed that P. sinese plantlets grew well under low concentrations (less than 500 mu M) of chromium (VI). The plantlet growth was inhibited when treated with high concentrations of chromium (more than 1000 mu M). Up to 150.99 and 979.03 mgkg(-1) DW of chromium accumulated in the aerial part and root, respectively, under a treatment of 2000 mu M Cr. The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) of P. sinese varied from 10.87 to 17.56, and reached a maximum value at the concentration of 500 mu M. The results indicated that P. sinese showed strong tolerance and high accumulation capability under Cr stress. Therefore, the chromium removal potential of P. sinese has a great application prospect in phytoremediation.
