摘要：
Bisphenol A (BPA), an emerging endocrine-disrupting chemical found in irrigation water, soil, and agricultural plastic mulch, presents potential exposure risks to pepper plants ( Capsicum annuum L.). This study investigated BPA impact, observing that BPA accumulates in a concentration-dependent manner, with highest levels in roots and lowest in fruit. High BPA exposure decreased photosynthetic pigment content, reduced stomatal size, caused chloroplast dilation, and increased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde accumulation, disrupting hormone balance in leaves with a 2.3-fold increase in abscisic acid content under 100 mg/kg BPA treatment. Integrated multi-omics analyses revealed that BPA toxicity operates through interference with galactose metabolism, starch-sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signaling, and glutathione metabolism pathways. Key molecular responses included significant downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes and substantial metabolic perturbations, notably an 8.1-fold reduction in uridine diphosphate fructose and 10.6-fold accumulation of indole-3-ethanol. By employing an integrated multi-omics approach, this study provides a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of BPA phytotoxicity that extends beyond conventional physiological observations. The findings offer novel insights into the molecular regulatory networks underlying plant stress responses to endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
Bisphenol A (BPA), an emerging endocrine-disrupting chemical found in irrigation water, soil, and agricultural plastic mulch, presents potential exposure risks to pepper plants ( Capsicum annuum L.). This study investigated BPA impact, observing that BPA accumulates in a concentration-dependent manner, with highest levels in roots and lowest in fruit. High BPA exposure decreased photosynthetic pigment content, reduced stomatal size, caused chloroplast dilation, and increased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde accumulation, disrupting hormone balance in leaves with a 2.3-fold increase in abscisic acid content under 100 mg/kg BPA treatment. Integrated multi-omics analyses revealed that BPA toxicity operates through interference with galactose metabolism, starch-sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signaling, and glutathione metabolism pathways. Key molecular responses included significant downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes and substantial metabolic perturbations, notably an 8.1-fold reduction in uridine diphosphate fructose and 10.6-fold accumulation of indole-3-ethanol. By employing an integrated multi-omics approach, this study provides a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of BPA phytotoxicity that extends beyond conventional physiological observations. The findings offer novel insights into the molecular regulatory networks underlying plant stress responses to endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
通讯机构：
[Li, W ] H;Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Tea Res Inst, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;Minist Agr, Hunan Tea Plant & Tea Proc Sci Observat Expt Stn, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Phytohormones & Growth Dev, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Theanine is a crucial indicator of tea quality, and its significance is closely tied to the economic value of tea. There have been many reports on the regulation mechanism of theanine synthesis and accumulation, but the mechanism by which gibberellin regulates theanine synthesis in tea plants is poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that the content of theanine experiences significant changes in the growth stages of tea shoots, displaying a strong correlation with gibberellin. This study confirmed that gibberellin significantly promoted the expression of the major gene of theanine synthesis, known as CsTSI. Additionally, the study identified CsWRKY71 as a transcription factor that mediated the regulation by gibberellin of theanine synthesis in tea plants. CsWRKY71 was localized in the nucleus and had a typical WRKY domain. It was a member of subclass IIC and its expression was significantly suppressed following exogenous GA3 treatment. Further assays, such as the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, dual luciferase and asODN (antisense oligodeoxynucleotide) interference, demonstrated that CsWRKY71 significantly interacted with the promoter of CsTSI, which inhibited theanine synthesis by binding to the cis-acting element (C/T)TGAC(T/C) of the CsTSI promoter. Overall, the addition of exogenous gibberellin alleviated the inhibition of CsTSI by down-regulating the expression of CsWRKY71, ultimately facilitating the rapid biosynthesis of theanine. This study elucidated the molecular mechanism of CsWRKY71-mediated gibberellin regulation of theanine synthesis in tea plant. The findings not only enhance our understanding of the regulatory processes involved in theanine synthesis in tea plants, but also provide important references for maintaining the characteristics of high theanine in the tea plant.
摘要：
Overuse of glyphosate, the most widespread herbicide used in agricultural areas around the world, causes it to accumulate in soil and water, posing a serious threat to the agricultural environment, crop growth and food safety. It is of vital significance to develop effective strategies to achieve rapid monitoring and management of glyphosate. However, previously documented methods have rarely been applied to simultaneously detect and remove glyphosate in water environments. Here, we have created a novel magnetic nanocomposite Iron-oxide/polydopamine/graphene-oxide/copper-oxide (Fe3O4/PDA/GO/CuO) that integrated the dual functions of detection and removal, enabling the colorimetric detection and adsorption of glyphosate. As a colorimetric probe, Fe3O4/PDA/GO/CuO exhibited excellent sensing performance with broad detection range (0.05–1 mg/L and 5–110 mg/L), low detection limit (0.028 mg/L), and good selectivity. Simultaneously, it realized a rapid and sensitive visual analysis of glyphosate on the test strips by RGB color. As an adsorbent, Fe3O4/PDA/GO/CuO obtained effective adsorption and rapid separation of glyphosate in water solution. Moreover, as an attempt, we explored the potential of Fe3O4/PDA/GO/CuO for crop remediation by removing glyphosate-contaminated water. This work opens up a new idea for the integrated strategy of glyphosate detection and removal in water environments and also demonstrates its enormous potential for rapid monitoring and management of herbicide.
Overuse of glyphosate, the most widespread herbicide used in agricultural areas around the world, causes it to accumulate in soil and water, posing a serious threat to the agricultural environment, crop growth and food safety. It is of vital significance to develop effective strategies to achieve rapid monitoring and management of glyphosate. However, previously documented methods have rarely been applied to simultaneously detect and remove glyphosate in water environments. Here, we have created a novel magnetic nanocomposite Iron-oxide/polydopamine/graphene-oxide/copper-oxide (Fe3O4/PDA/GO/CuO) that integrated the dual functions of detection and removal, enabling the colorimetric detection and adsorption of glyphosate. As a colorimetric probe, Fe3O4/PDA/GO/CuO exhibited excellent sensing performance with broad detection range (0.05–1 mg/L and 5–110 mg/L), low detection limit (0.028 mg/L), and good selectivity. Simultaneously, it realized a rapid and sensitive visual analysis of glyphosate on the test strips by RGB color. As an adsorbent, Fe3O4/PDA/GO/CuO obtained effective adsorption and rapid separation of glyphosate in water solution. Moreover, as an attempt, we explored the potential of Fe3O4/PDA/GO/CuO for crop remediation by removing glyphosate-contaminated water. This work opens up a new idea for the integrated strategy of glyphosate detection and removal in water environments and also demonstrates its enormous potential for rapid monitoring and management of herbicide.
摘要：
Introduction: Gluconeogenesis is the primary pathway for ruminants to obtain energy. Enhancement of gluconeogenesis can significantly improve the growth performance of ruminants. Inulin, a prebiotic, has capabilities such as fostering a healthier gut microbiota and modulating metabolism. However, the application of inulin in ruminant feed is still very limited. Methods: Eighteen healthy Xiangdong black goats (body weight 9.0 +/- 0.19 kg) were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the inulin group, with nine goats in each group. The inulin group used 18.9% inulin instead of normal corn. The total experimental period was 28 days, with 7 days for adaptation before the formal experiment. Results: Inulin supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxyl kinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), as well as the expression of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) in goat livers. At the same time, the serum insulin levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Analysis of rumen microbes and rumen VFA levels revealed that the abundance levels of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria (Lachnospiracea, Blautia, Prevotella-1, and Pseudobutyrivibrio) and propionic acid concentration were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the inulin group. Liver metabolites were analyzed via LC-MS, and increased levels of metabolites associated with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and amino acid metabolism were observed following inulin administration. Discussion: Inulin promotes the process of gluconeogenesis in goat liver by regulating the two key pathways of rumen microorganisms and liver metabolites to increase gluconeogenesis substrates.
摘要：
The browning reaction during the flue-curing process of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) dramatically affects leaf quality and value, leading to significant economic losses. However, the molecular regulatory mode of the browning in flue-cured tobacco is still unclear. The two tobacco cultivars, Dabaijin and Yunyan87, with browning differences in upper, middle, and lower leaves during the flue-curing process, were characterized through transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. The results showed that the significant browning in Dabaijin was mainly due to the preferential accumulation of products of amino acid metabolism (L-arginine, L-ornithine, L-leucine, and L-valine) and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism (L-fucose) which promoted the Maillard reaction. Meanwhile, riboflavin metabolism (downregulation of PYRP and RIBF expression) impaired the function of the antioxidant system, and imbalanced inositol phosphate metabolism affected membrane homeostasis through PIP2. However, the consumption rate of reduced hydrogen by oxidative phosphorylation, as well as enhanced sulfur metabolism, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism for scavenging ROS was mainly increased in Yunyan87, ultimately reducing the accumulation of ROS and slowing membrane damage during the flue-curing process. This research revealed that the difference in browning between Yunyan87 and Dabaijin cultivars was mainly regulated by the accumulation of Maillard substrates and the efficiency of the antioxidant system, which provides a theoretical basis for improving tobacco cultivars resistant to browning and optimizing processing techniques. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-025-07150-0.
摘要：
Chronic stress can result in various conditions, including psychological disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and accelerated brain aging. Gut dysbiosis potentially contributes to stress-related brain disorders in individuals with chronic stress. However, the causal relationship and key factors between gut dysbiosis and brain disorders in chronic stress remain elusive, particularly under non-sterile conditions. Here, using a repeated restraint stress (RRS) rat model, we show that sequential transplantation of the cecal contents of different RRS stages to normal rats reproduced RRS-induced core phenotypes, including abnormal behaviors, increased peripheral blood corticosterone and inflammatory cytokines, and a unique gut microbial phenotype. This core phenotypic development was effectively inhibited with probiotic supplement. The RRS-induced unique gut microbial phenotypes at the genus level were positively or negatively associated with the levels of 20 plasma metabolites, including vitamin B6 metabolites 4-pyridoxic acid and 4-pyridoxate. Vitamin B6 supplement during RRS alleviated weight loss, abnormal behaviors, peripheral inflammation, and neuroinflammation, but did not affect the peripheral corticosterone levels in chronic stressed rats. Dampening inflammatory signaling via knocking out caspase 11 or caspase 1 inhibitor abolished RRS-induced abnormal behaviors and peripheral and neuroinflammation but did not decrease peripheral corticosterone in mice. These findings show that gut dysbiosis-induced vitamin B6 metabolism disorder is a new non-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis mechanism of chronic stress-related brain disorders. Both probiotics and vitamin B6 supplement have potential to be developed as therapeutic strategies for preventing and/or treating chronic stress-related illness.
摘要：
The work reports the anomalous lattice shrinkage phenomenon in a Cr3+‐activated β‐Al2O3 structure phosphor. The relevant reason can be ascribed to the distinct variation of covalency of chemical bonds, thus improving phosphors‘ optical properties. Furthermore, the relationship between the preferential occupation of Cr3+ and the unique spectral properties are discussed and the existence of Cr3+–Cr3+ coupling pairs is revealed. Abstract β‐Al2O3 phosphors show good optical properties for highly symmetric lattices and dense frameworks. Here, an abnormal lattice shrinkage phenomenon is found in BaMg1‐xZnxAl9.8O17: Cr3+ (BM1‐xZxA: Cr3+) phosphors, which can be attributed to the variation in the covalency of the chemical bond. Accordingly, the denser crystal structure caused by the abnormal shrinkage improves the luminescent intensity (67%↑) and the thermal stability (69%→76%@150 °C). Internal/external quantum efficiency (IQE/EQE) of BZA: 0.2Cr3+ reaches 95% and 52.7%, respectively. In addition, the preferential occupation of the Cr3+ ion is discussed through the crystal field strength calculation, low‐temperature spectra, and fluorescent lifetime. The unique spectrum of the phosphor derives from the occupation of Cr3+ on the octahedral sites (Al4 and Al1) and the formation of Cr3+‐Cr3+ coupling pairs. Finally, the high matching rate between the absorption curve of plant pigment Pfr and the EL spectrum of the as‐prepared pc‐LED expresses that it can be applied in plant lighting.
摘要：
Glyphosate resistance is a critically important trait for genetically modified (GM) crops. Mutation of the rice EPSPS gene results in a high level of glyphosate resistance, presenting significant potential for the development of glyphosate-tolerant crops. The resistance of rice to glyphosate is correlated with the expression levels of resistance genes. Therefore, developing a convenient, stable, and sensitive method for quantifying the OsmEPSPS protein is crucial for the development of glyphosate-resistant crops. We developed a double-antibody sandwich quantitative ELISA (DAS-ELISA) using a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) for OsmEPSPS capture and an HRP-conjugated anti-OsmEPSPS rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb). The method could be used to detect OsmEPSPS within a linear range of 16–256 ng/mL with robust intra- and inter-batch duplicability (%CV values: 0.17 %–7.24 %). OsmEPSPS expression in the transgenic rice lines (54.44–445.80 μg/g) was quantified using the DAS-ELISA. Furthermore, the expression of the OsmEPSPS gene was validated through Western blotting. This study demonstrated the reliability and stability of the DAS-ELISA for OsmEPSPS detection in GM rice.
Glyphosate resistance is a critically important trait for genetically modified (GM) crops. Mutation of the rice EPSPS gene results in a high level of glyphosate resistance, presenting significant potential for the development of glyphosate-tolerant crops. The resistance of rice to glyphosate is correlated with the expression levels of resistance genes. Therefore, developing a convenient, stable, and sensitive method for quantifying the OsmEPSPS protein is crucial for the development of glyphosate-resistant crops. We developed a double-antibody sandwich quantitative ELISA (DAS-ELISA) using a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) for OsmEPSPS capture and an HRP-conjugated anti-OsmEPSPS rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb). The method could be used to detect OsmEPSPS within a linear range of 16–256 ng/mL with robust intra- and inter-batch duplicability (%CV values: 0.17 %–7.24 %). OsmEPSPS expression in the transgenic rice lines (54.44–445.80 μg/g) was quantified using the DAS-ELISA. Furthermore, the expression of the OsmEPSPS gene was validated through Western blotting. This study demonstrated the reliability and stability of the DAS-ELISA for OsmEPSPS detection in GM rice.
摘要：
The primary active compound in vine tea is dihydromyricetin (DMY), which has a longstanding history as a dietary supplement and traditional ethnic medicine. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which vine tea dihydromyricetin extract (VDMY) regulates glucolipid metabolic disorder remains unclear. In this study, we first assessed the effect of VDMY on various physiological parameters in db/db mice, followed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify key signaling pathways affected by VDMY in liver tissues. We also examined the impact of VDMY on the liver's TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and FOXO1 pathways using Western blotting. Our results showed that VDMY significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Additionally, VDMY enhanced the liver's antioxidant capacity by upregulating superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), while lowering malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), thus alleviating liver damage. RNA-seq analysis further revealed that VDMY influenced multiple biological processes, including transcription, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and redox reactions, suggesting that its effects may be mediated through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and FOXO1 pathways. Additionally, Western blot analysis revealed that VDMY effectively downregulated the expressions of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and FOXO1 proteins in the liver of db/db mice, indicating that VDMY could target these pathways to intervene glucolipid metabolism dysfunction.
关键词：
Magnetic solid phase microextraction;Ni(3)(HITP)(2)@Fe(3)O(4)@rGO;Separation of chirality;Strigolactones stereoisomers;Supercritical fluid chromatography mass spectrometry
摘要：
Strigolactones (SLs) are novel plant hormones that play crucial roles in regulating plant growth and development. The stereoisomers of SLs often exhibit distinct biological activities, making their chiral separation and analysis essential for understanding their regulatory roles in plant branching. This study focused on the chiral separation and characterization of SL stereoisomers, including GR24 (synthetic) and strigol (natural). A magnetic nanocomposite (Ni₃(HITP)₂@Fe₃O₄@rGO) was synthesized for SL extraction, combined with SFC-MS/MS for precise separation and quantification. The method exhibited excellent linearity (0.2–50 ng/mL), minimal matrix effects (1.64–2.17 %), and low detection limits (1.93–3.76 pg/mL). Recoveries ranged from 86.90 % to 106.37 % with RSDs of 2.56 %–13.54 %. Under nitrogen and phosphorus stress, only (+)-strigol was detected in the roots of Oryza sativa L. , suggesting its regulatory role under stress conditions. This reliable method provides robust support for exploring the physiological roles of SL stereoisomers in plants, shedding light on their functions in stress response and development.
Strigolactones (SLs) are novel plant hormones that play crucial roles in regulating plant growth and development. The stereoisomers of SLs often exhibit distinct biological activities, making their chiral separation and analysis essential for understanding their regulatory roles in plant branching. This study focused on the chiral separation and characterization of SL stereoisomers, including GR24 (synthetic) and strigol (natural). A magnetic nanocomposite (Ni₃(HITP)₂@Fe₃O₄@rGO) was synthesized for SL extraction, combined with SFC-MS/MS for precise separation and quantification. The method exhibited excellent linearity (0.2–50 ng/mL), minimal matrix effects (1.64–2.17 %), and low detection limits (1.93–3.76 pg/mL). Recoveries ranged from 86.90 % to 106.37 % with RSDs of 2.56 %–13.54 %. Under nitrogen and phosphorus stress, only (+)-strigol was detected in the roots of Oryza sativa L. , suggesting its regulatory role under stress conditions. This reliable method provides robust support for exploring the physiological roles of SL stereoisomers in plants, shedding light on their functions in stress response and development.
摘要：
The decline in differentiation capacity during skeletal muscle (SkM) aging contributes to the deterioration of skeletal muscle function and impairs regenerative ability. Epicatechin gallate (ECG), a major functional component of catechins found in tea, has an unclear role in aging-related sarcopenia. In vivo experiments in 54-week-old C57BL/6J mice showed that ECG treatment improved exercise performance, muscle mass, and fiber morphology and downregulated the expression of the testosterone metabolic enzyme gene UGT2A3 in aged mice. In vitro experiments with Leydig cells (TM3) demonstrated that ECG upregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of testosterone synthase genes, including StAR, P450scc, 3β-HSD, CYP17a1, and 17β-HSD. Network pharmacology analysis further suggested that ECG can influence testosterone secretion through the regulation of cytokines, thereby promoting skeletal muscle differentiation. These findings indicate that ECG enhances the differentiation of skeletal muscle cells by modulating testosterone levels, which helps alleviate age-related muscle function decline.
摘要：
As a vital agricultural management strategy, straw returning enhances soil fertility and promotes crop growth. Tobacco straw shows promise as an organic amendment for soil improvement; however, its impact on soil microbial diversity and community structure remains unclear. This investigation focused on the effects of tobacco straw on the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure of healthy tobacco and black shank tobacco, utilizing high-throughput sequencing technology. The results indicated that the abundance and diversity of microbial communities decreased following the addition of tobacco straw. In terms of community structure, the abundance of species such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas increased after the addition of tobacco straw, potentially inhibiting the onset of black shank disease. Conversely, the abundances of Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, and Fusarium decreased following straw addition. Random forest model analysis revealed that the most representative genera in the healthy tobacco rhizosphere soil were Acidibacter and Luteimonas, while Herbinix served as the corresponding biomarker in the black shank tobacco rhizosphere soil.
摘要：
This study investigated anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ADSW) as a nutrient source for Chlorella vulgaris FACHB-8 cultivation under mixotrophic conditions with carbon supplementation. The microalgal strain was grown in ADSW supplemented with six carbon sources, followed by concentration optimization. Under optimized conditions (20 g/L glucose), FACHB-8 demonstrated a high biomass productivity (271.31 mg/L/day) and a specific growth rate of 0.42 per day. The system achieved an 88.70% total nitrogen removal and an 82.93% total phosphorus removal. The biomass contained 45.59% lipids, 29.72% proteins, and 13.05% carbohydrates, with fatty acid methyl esters showing balanced proportions of saturated (50.77%) and unsaturated fatty acids (49.23%). These findings highlight the potential of glucose-based mixotrophic cultivation for simultaneous wastewater treatment, renewable biomass production, and value-added lipid production. This work proposes a scalable swine wastewater treatment system that synergizes bioremediation and renewable energy production via carbon-enhanced microalgae cultivation, offering a dual-functional strategy for sustainable livestock wastewater reuse.
摘要：
Background Obesity represents a critical global health challenge, with appetite regulation serving as a cornerstone of effective weight management. Emerging evidence underscores the potential of exogenous peptides derived from food protein hydrolysates to modulate appetite-regulating neurons in the hypothalamus by influencing the secretion of key intestinal hormones.
Obesity represents a critical global health challenge, with appetite regulation serving as a cornerstone of effective weight management. Emerging evidence underscores the potential of exogenous peptides derived from food protein hydrolysates to modulate appetite-regulating neurons in the hypothalamus by influencing the secretion of key intestinal hormones.
Scope and approach This review discusses the fundamental pathways through which the hypothalamus governs appetite, highlighting the promising role of plant-derived protein hydrolysates and peptides in appetite regulation. The objective is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of how plant-derived these bioactive compounds regulate appetite.
This review discusses the fundamental pathways through which the hypothalamus governs appetite, highlighting the promising role of plant-derived protein hydrolysates and peptides in appetite regulation. The objective is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of how plant-derived these bioactive compounds regulate appetite.
Key findings and conclusions Plant-derived protein hydrolysates and peptides have demonstrated the ability to regulate the secretion and signaling of key gut hormones, which in turn influence appetite through the vagus nerve. This modulation presents promising applications in weight management and the prevention of chronic diseases associated with obesity. While challenges such as complex molecular mechanisms, high production costs, low bioavailability, instability, regulatory hurdles, and insufficient clinical translation data persist, plant-derived peptides stand out for their exceptional sustainability compared to animal- and microbiota-derived peptides. Future research should prioritize the optimization of production processes, enhancement of stability and safety, and the execution of rigorous clinical trials to establish their therapeutic efficacy. Through continuous innovation, plant-derived peptides hold great potential to become an indispensable component of functional foods and therapeutic interventions, offering a novel and highly promising solution for addressing obesity prevention and treatment in the food and healthcare industries.
Plant-derived protein hydrolysates and peptides have demonstrated the ability to regulate the secretion and signaling of key gut hormones, which in turn influence appetite through the vagus nerve. This modulation presents promising applications in weight management and the prevention of chronic diseases associated with obesity. While challenges such as complex molecular mechanisms, high production costs, low bioavailability, instability, regulatory hurdles, and insufficient clinical translation data persist, plant-derived peptides stand out for their exceptional sustainability compared to animal- and microbiota-derived peptides. Future research should prioritize the optimization of production processes, enhancement of stability and safety, and the execution of rigorous clinical trials to establish their therapeutic efficacy. Through continuous innovation, plant-derived peptides hold great potential to become an indispensable component of functional foods and therapeutic interventions, offering a novel and highly promising solution for addressing obesity prevention and treatment in the food and healthcare industries.
作者机构：
[Wu, Simin; Fang, Xinyu; Zhao, Jinfeng] College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China;[Wu, Simin; Fang, Xinyu; Zhao, Jinfeng] Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, China;[Liao, Peng] Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, China;[Liao, Peng] Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, 410219, China. Electronic address: liaopeng@isa.ac.cn;[Guan, Guiping] College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China. Electronic address: guanguiping@hunau.edu.cn
通讯机构：
[Peng Liao] I;Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
摘要：
Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are widely used as antimicrobial agents in personal care products. Their widespread use has become a potential environmental contaminant. This review reviews the mechanisms of intestinal toxicity of TCS and TCC and their potential nutritional intervention strategies. TCS and TCC can be metabolized to glucuronic acid conjugates in the host and subsequently uncoupled by microorganisms in the intestine to regenerate free forms of TCS and TCC. TCS and TCC are unique metabolic pathways that lead to accumulation in the gut, altering the structure of intestinal flora, increasing the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria, while reducing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, thereby disrupting the balance of intestinal flora. In addition, they can interfere with the self-renewal and differentiation of ISCs, thereby weakening intestinal barrier function. TCS and TCC can also activate the TLR4-NFκB signaling pathway, inducing and exacerbating inflammatory responses. These mechanisms together lead to intestinal toxicity and have a significant negative impact on intestinal health. In order to cope with the intestinal toxicity caused by these mechanisms of action, this paper believes that prebiotics, probiotics, vitamins, minerals and herbal extracts can be used as potential nutritional interventions to reduce the intestinal toxicity of TCS and TCC by regulating intestinal microbiota, enhancing intestinal barrier function and inhibiting inflammatory response. Although preliminary studies have shown the potential benefits of these interventions, their specific efficacy and safety still need further study.
Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are widely used as antimicrobial agents in personal care products. Their widespread use has become a potential environmental contaminant. This review reviews the mechanisms of intestinal toxicity of TCS and TCC and their potential nutritional intervention strategies. TCS and TCC can be metabolized to glucuronic acid conjugates in the host and subsequently uncoupled by microorganisms in the intestine to regenerate free forms of TCS and TCC. TCS and TCC are unique metabolic pathways that lead to accumulation in the gut, altering the structure of intestinal flora, increasing the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria, while reducing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, thereby disrupting the balance of intestinal flora. In addition, they can interfere with the self-renewal and differentiation of ISCs, thereby weakening intestinal barrier function. TCS and TCC can also activate the TLR4-NFκB signaling pathway, inducing and exacerbating inflammatory responses. These mechanisms together lead to intestinal toxicity and have a significant negative impact on intestinal health. In order to cope with the intestinal toxicity caused by these mechanisms of action, this paper believes that prebiotics, probiotics, vitamins, minerals and herbal extracts can be used as potential nutritional interventions to reduce the intestinal toxicity of TCS and TCC by regulating intestinal microbiota, enhancing intestinal barrier function and inhibiting inflammatory response. Although preliminary studies have shown the potential benefits of these interventions, their specific efficacy and safety still need further study.
通讯机构：
[Kong, YH ; Liu, L ; Li, XX] H;Hunan Hort Res Inst, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biol Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Chinese bayberry;Uniconazole;Male flower differentiation;Gibberellin;Flower organ recognition genes
摘要：
Low yields and quality defects in bayberry cultivation are primarily attributed to insufficient pollen supply and barriers to cross-pollination. To overcome the breeding bottleneck, this study focuses on the technology of chemically inducing male flower differentiation in female plants to establish a controllable pollen source system. Based on the previously observed phenomenon of female flower sex conversion, a systematic screening of chemical induction protocols for yingsi bayberry spring shoots was conducted. The results indicate that spraying uniconazole during the critical period of flower bud physiological differentiation (October-November) significantly induces the formation of functional male flowers in female plants, with pollen viability reaching 89.3 +/- 2.1%. Integrated analyses of transcriptome and metabolome data revealed that uniconazole reduces gibberellin (GA) content by suppressing the expression of GA transport genes (gene-CJ030_MR4G011967, gene-CJ030_MR4G013737) and biosynthesis genes (gene-CJ030_MR0G006450), while activating the expression of MADS-box genes (gene-CJ030_MR0G004521, gene-CJ030_MR4G015426), collectively driving the transformation of floral organs from male to female. This study employed uniconazole-induced field pollination experiments to significantly enhance the fruit setting rate, effectively overcoming the incompatibility issues associated with traditional pollination methods. This technology provides a quantifiable operational solution for targeted crossbreeding and stable yield increases in bayberry.
期刊：
Postgraduate Medical Journal,2025年101(1193):263-267 ISSN：0032-5473
通讯作者：
Zhao, LQ
作者机构：
[Zhu, Liping; Leng, Yueshuang; Xiao, Juxiong; Mao, Yitao] Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp, Dept Radiol, Changsha 410008, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, LQ; Zhao, Luqing; Xiao, Juxiong; Mao, Yitao] Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp, Natl Clin Res Ctr Geriatr Disorders, Changsha 410008, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Yu] Oklahoma State Univ, Commun Sci & Disorders, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA.;[Li, Qingling; Zhao, LQ; Zhao, Luqing] Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp, Dept Pathol, Changsha 410008, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Ying] Hunan Int Econ Univ, Dept Presch Educ, Changsha 410205, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhao, LQ ] C;Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp, Natl Clin Res Ctr Geriatr Disorders, Changsha 410008, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp, Dept Pathol, Changsha 410008, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ, Sch Basic Med Sci, Xiangya Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Changsha 410013, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
clinical diagnostic research;sensitivity;specificity;types of statistical errors;statistical power
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Many medical postgraduate students exhibit a lack of clarity in their understanding of relevant statistical concepts during the conduct of diagnostic studies. METHODS: This article, grounded in research practice, delves into the role of understanding statistical concepts in diagnostic research. It includes an exploration of sensitivity, specificity, types of statistical errors, and their interrelationships, as well as a discussion on statistical power-an often-overlooked but crucial concept in research. RESULTS: The article elucidates these important concepts with specific examples and illustrations, and addresses an issue of inconsistency related to the receiver operating characteristic curve in research practice. CONCLUSION: By drawing analogies between basic concepts in diagnostic tests and concepts in statistics, this article helps to enhance researchers' abilities in designing and interpreting clinical diagnostic studies, thereby improving the quality of clinical diagnostic research.
摘要：
This study aimed to investigate the enhancement of methane production by comparing air-nanobubble water (air-NBW) and conventional micro-bubble aeration during the anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of rice straw and pig manure. Remarkably, the addition of air-NBW (T3-NBW), as the most effective gas supplementation strategy, resulted in the highest cumulative methane yield of 489.49 mL/g·VS with a minimal lag phase of 0.57 days, representing a 59.80 % increase over the control (306.49 mL/g·VS, p < 0.001). This finding aligns with the kinetic fitting data (477.85 ± 5.84 mL/g·VS), wherein the maximum methane production rate for the T3-NBW was 41.89 mL/g‧VS·d −1 . Mechanistic insights revealed that air-NBW dramatically elevated the activity of β-glucosidase (hydrolysis) and coenzyme F 420 (methanogenesis) by 82.72 % and 133.8 %, respectively, compared to the control. These results suggested that efficient conversion of intermediate products played a critical role in enhancing overall methane yield. Microbial community analysis identified acetotrophic methanogenesis as the dominant pathway, with Methanosaeta abundance reaching 91.66 % in NBW-amended treatments. Additionally, the co-occurrence network analysis showed that the air-NBW system promoted microbial interaction and stabilized the ecological network. Crucially, the NBW treatment exhibited the lowest expression of energy-dependent antioxidant enzyme genes (e.g. superoxide reductase, SOR ), suggesting reduced oxidative stress and enhanced energy allocation toward microbial growth and methanogenic activity. By enhancing oxygen dispersion and microbial intracellular redox balance, NBW technology provides a promising approach for improving methane recovery in sustainable waste-to-energy systems.
This study aimed to investigate the enhancement of methane production by comparing air-nanobubble water (air-NBW) and conventional micro-bubble aeration during the anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of rice straw and pig manure. Remarkably, the addition of air-NBW (T3-NBW), as the most effective gas supplementation strategy, resulted in the highest cumulative methane yield of 489.49 mL/g·VS with a minimal lag phase of 0.57 days, representing a 59.80 % increase over the control (306.49 mL/g·VS, p < 0.001). This finding aligns with the kinetic fitting data (477.85 ± 5.84 mL/g·VS), wherein the maximum methane production rate for the T3-NBW was 41.89 mL/g‧VS·d −1 . Mechanistic insights revealed that air-NBW dramatically elevated the activity of β-glucosidase (hydrolysis) and coenzyme F 420 (methanogenesis) by 82.72 % and 133.8 %, respectively, compared to the control. These results suggested that efficient conversion of intermediate products played a critical role in enhancing overall methane yield. Microbial community analysis identified acetotrophic methanogenesis as the dominant pathway, with Methanosaeta abundance reaching 91.66 % in NBW-amended treatments. Additionally, the co-occurrence network analysis showed that the air-NBW system promoted microbial interaction and stabilized the ecological network. Crucially, the NBW treatment exhibited the lowest expression of energy-dependent antioxidant enzyme genes (e.g. superoxide reductase, SOR ), suggesting reduced oxidative stress and enhanced energy allocation toward microbial growth and methanogenic activity. By enhancing oxygen dispersion and microbial intracellular redox balance, NBW technology provides a promising approach for improving methane recovery in sustainable waste-to-energy systems.
摘要：
Submerged macrophytes play a crucial role in lake ecosystems, and their survival is dependent upon their ability to cope with variable environmental stress. Therefore, studying the plastic response of submerged macrophytes' resource allocation and functional traits to the environment may provide insights helpful for ecological restoration practices. In September 2021, a field survey was conducted in the Erhai Lake, where samples of Ottelia acuminata, and functional traits and biomass allocation in relation to water depth were measured. The study found that O. acuminata exhibited large intraspecific variations to adapt to environmental stress, and the average intraspecific variation was 55.86%. In the current environment, this study suggested that the optimal growth depth for O. acuminata is moderate water depth (1-2m). The results of allometric growth analysis showed that the resource allocation of O. acuminata responded to the water depth with the synergistic effect of leaf area and shoot height. In shallow water, the resource allocation of O. acuminata was mainly used for leaf area growth, while in deep water, the increase of shoot height was mainly used to cope with stress. This research will provide us useful information for the ecological restoration and protection of this endemic and endangered submerged macrophyte.
