摘要：
The tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is an important pest because of its potential to threaten agricultural crops worldwide. Currently, this pest is controlled by the application of chemical insecticides. In our pursuit to identify better insecticides for an effective control of this insect pest, we investigated the lethal effects of five neonicotinoid insecticides including four commercial neonicotinoids and a novel neonicotinoid (cycloxaprid) on B. tabaci MED and MEAM1 cryptic species. In addition, we assessed the sublethal effects of cycloxaprid on B. tabaci MED. Lethal effects of the insecticides were determined using the leaf-dip bioassay, and the results showed that among the tested insecticides cycloxaprid was more toxic to B. tabaci MED and MEAM1 than others, with LC50 values of 0.70 mg/L and 0.59 mg/L, respectively. Cycloxaprid at LC25 (0.16 mg/L) induced sublethal effects in adult MED by prolonging the developmental periods and decreasing the survival rates of all larval instars, pseudopupal and adult stages. Moreover, it significantly shortened the oviposition period of females and decreased their fecundity. Hatching rate of eggs laid by females exposed to LC25 was also markedly reduced. These results indicate that cycloxaprid is a novel alternate insecticide that may effectively control B. tabaci populations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
P6 of southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is a multifunctional protein that is involved in the formation of viroplasms by interacting with P5-1. Here, we used yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays to show that there were homologous and heterologous interactions between SRBSDV P6 and P9-1 in yeast and plant cells. Mutational analysis showed that the N-terminal region (residues 1-93) of P6 was necessary for the interaction between P6 and P9-1. Self-interactions only occurred between the full-length P6 or P9-1. P9-1 was able to form viroplasm-like inclusion structures alone in the absence of other viral proteins.
通讯机构：
[Bai, Lian-Yang] Hunan Agr Univ, Pesticide Res Inst, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The purpose of this study was to develop a sensitive and low-cost optical sensor for screening pymetrozine using unmodified gold nanoparticles (G NPs). The presence of pymetrozine could rapidly induce the aggregation of G NPs, thereby resulting in red to deep blue colour change. The concentration of pymetrozine was determined with a limit of detection lower than 1×10
<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup>
M by the naked eye and was further easily monitored by a UV-vis spectrometer. The highest selectivity was achieved in comparison with other 11 pesticides and the possible underlying mechanism was investigated in detail by the simultaneous addition of glutathione and pymetrozine in G NPs solution.
作者：
Yang, Zhongxia;Statler, Bethanie-Michelle;Calkins, Travis L.;Alfaro, Edna;Esquivel, Carlos J.;Rouhier, Matthew F.;Denton, Jerod S.;Piermarini, Peter M.*
期刊：
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology,2016年204:35-44 ISSN：1096-4959
通讯作者：
Piermarini, Peter M.
作者机构：
[Yang, Zhongxia] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Dis & Pes, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Rouhier, Matthew F.; Alfaro, Edna; Piermarini, Peter M.; Calkins, Travis L.; Statler, Bethanie-Michelle; Yang, Zhongxia; Esquivel, Carlos J.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, 224 Thorne Hall, Wooster, OH 44691 USA.;[Rouhier, Matthew F.] Kenyon Coll, Dept Chem, Gambier, OH 43022 USA.;[Denton, Jerod S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Nashville, TN USA.;[Denton, Jerod S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
通讯机构：
[Piermarini, Peter M.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, 224 Thorne Hall, Wooster, OH 44691 USA.
摘要：
Inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels play fundamental roles in neuromuscular, epithelial, and endocrine function in mammals. Recent research in insects suggests that Kir channels play critical roles in the development, immune function, and excretory physiology of fruit flies and/or mosquitoes. Moreover, our group has demonstrated that mosquito Kir channels may serve as valuable targets for the development of novel insecticides. Here we characterize the molecular expression of 5 mRNAs encoding Kir channel subunits in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti: Kir1, Kir2A-c, Kir2B, Kir2B’, and Kir3. We demonstrate that 1) Kir mRNA expression is dynamic in whole mosquitoes, Malpighian tubules, and the midgut during development from 4th instar larvae to adult females, 2) Kir2B and Kir3 mRNA levels are reduced in 4th instar larvae when reared in water containing an elevated concentration (50 mM) of KCl, but not NaCl, and 3) Kir mRNAs are differentially expressed in the Malpighian tubules, midgut, and ovaries within 24 h after blood feeding. Furthermore, we provide the first characterization of Kir mRNA expression in the anal papillae of 4th instar larval mosquitoes, which indicates that Kir2A-c is the most abundant. Altogether, the data provide the first comprehensive characterization of Kir mRNA expression in Ae. aegypti and offer insights into the putative physiological roles of Kir subunits in this important disease vector.
摘要：
Brevibacillus brevis X23 is an appropriate biocontrol agent against bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. We report herein the draft genome sequence (6,566,879 bp) and a circular plasmid (6,600 bp) of B. brevis X23, data which may be helpful for mining the antagonistic activity against R. solanacearum.
摘要：
Szechuan peppers are extensively used as a spice and in traditional medicine in Asia, primarily because of its active compounds, sanshools (S). However, there is only limited mention in agriculture, and there are no papers reporting its use as an herbicide safener. In this study, we provide the first evidence that S can effectively alleviate rice-seedling injury from metolachlor (M). We observed that the M-treated (0.25 mu M) rice seedlings, which were 56.0%, 66.0%, and 57.0% of the non-treated control in shoot height, root length, and fresh biomass, respectively, were recovered by S to 93.1%, 97.6%, and 94.8%, respectively. The emergence rate was enhanced to over 80% in the M+S treatment, whereas it was below 60% in the M treatment. This M+S mixture elevated the rice-seedling root activity to higher than 87.0% of the value for the non-treated control. The activity of glutathione transferases in the combined treatments approximately doubles that of the M treatment and quadruples that of the non-treated controls. This effect was positively correlated with the induced expression of OsGSTU3. Our results suggest that S may represent a new group of safeners and enable the possibility of using these compounds for improving plant production or protecting rice from the phytotoxicity of metolachlor. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Ditylenchus destructor is distributed widely in China and causes considerable yield losses of potatoes. Genetic diversity and variation of this species was analysed using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. Second-stage juveniles from 16 populations were analysed with three primer pairs and 32 fragments were considered for the analysis. Diversity levels within populations were relatively high. Cluster analysis and principle coordinate analysis grouped the majority of the nematode populations into three main clusters. At the regional level, the AMOVA indicated that about 91.4% variations in the data set were from genotypic variations within populations, 5.0% variations due to regional differences, and the remaining 3.6% due to differences among populations within regions. Low levels of genetic variation among populations suggested an extensive gene flow among them. Amphimictic mode in natural populations and passive dispersal of nematodes by anthropogenic activities and natural means would probably be responsible for the results observed. It was shown that the ISSR marker was an efficient method for detecting the genetic structure of D. destructor populations at a macro geographical level.
摘要：
The commercially available ferrocene-based diphosphine ligand (S-c,S-Fc)-TaniaPhos was found to be highly effective in the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 3-aryl-2-(phosphonomethyl)propenates. Excellent enantioselectivity (90-98% ee) and high catalytic activity (S/C up to 1000) have been achieved, which represents the best results reported so far. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
作者：
Su, Qi;Xie, Wen;Wang, Shaoli;Wu, Qingjun;Ghanim, Murad;Zhang, Youjun*
期刊：
PLOS ONE,2014年9(3):e91802- ISSN：1932-6203
通讯作者：
Zhang, Youjun
作者机构：
[Su, Qi] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Wen; Zhang, Youjun; Wang, Shaoli; Wu, Qingjun; Su, Qi] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Dept Plant Protect, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Ghanim, Murad] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Youjun] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Dept Plant Protect, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Rickettsia<&wdkj&>Nymphs<&wdkj&>Fluorescent in situ hybridization<&wdkj&>Population density<&wdkj&>Cotton<&wdkj&>Insects<&wdkj&>Population dynamics<&wdkj&>Tomatoes
摘要：
Bacterial symbionts often enhance the physiological capabilities of their arthropod hosts and enable their hosts to expand into formerly unavailable niches, thus leading to biological diversification. Many arthropods, including the worldwide invasive whitefly Bemisia tabaci, have individuals simultaneously infected with symbionts of multiple genera that occur in different locations in the host. This study examined the population dynamics of symbionts that are located in different areas within B. tabaci. While densities of Portiera and Hamiltonella (which are located in bacteriocytes) appeared to be well-regulated during host development, densities of Rickettsia (which are not located in bacteriocytes) were highly variable among individual hosts during host development. Host mating did not significantly affect symbiont densities. Infection by Tomato yellow leaf curl virus did not affect Portiera and Hamiltonella densities in either sex, but increased Rickettsia densities in females. High and low temperatures did not affect Portiera and Hamiltonella densities, but low temperature (15 degrees C) significantly suppressed Rickettsia densities whereas high temperature (35 degrees C) had little effect on Rickettsia densities. The results are consistent with the view that the population dynamics of bacterial symbionts in B. tabaci are regulated by symbiont location within the host and that the regulation reflects adaptation between the bacteria and insect.
摘要：
In this study, we isolated an endophytic quinclorac-degrading bacterium strain Q3 from the root of tobacco grown in quinclorac contaminated soil. Based on morphological characteristics, Biolog identification, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, we identified strain Q3 as Bacillus megaterium. We investigated the effects of temperature, pH, inoculation size, and initial quinclorac concentration on growth and degrading efficiency of Q3. Under the optimal degrading condition, Q3 could degrade 93% of quinclorac from the initial concentration of 20 mg/L in seven days. We analyzed the degradation products of quinclorac using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The major degradation products by Q3 were different from those of previously identified quinclorac degrading strains, which suggests that Q3 may employ new pathways for quinclorac degradation. Our indoor pot experiments demonstrated that Q3 can effectively alleviate the quinclorac phytotoxicity in tobacco. As the first endophytic microbial that is capable of degrading quinclorac, Q3 can be a good bioremediation bacterium for quinclorac phytotoxicity.
通讯机构：
[Zhou, Xiao-Mao] Hunan Agr Univ, Pesticide Res Inst, 1 Agr Rd, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Yu-Ping] Henan Inst Sci & Technol, Xinxiang 453003, Peoples R China.
关键词：
UIO-66(Zr)-NH2<&wdkj&>Neodymium magnetic powder<&wdkj&>Monolith<&wdkj&>Sulfonylurea herbicides<&wdkj&>Stir bar sorptive extraction<&wdkj&>High performance liquid chromatography
摘要：
A hybrid material of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and monoliths was developed and used for stir bar sorption extraction (SBSE) of five sulfonylurea herbicides. It was prepared in a glass tube (4 mm I.D.) by thermal polymerization using modified neodymium supermagnetic (Nd2Fe14B) powders as the component substrates, the organic polymerization solutions and ethyl cellulose as the adhesion agent. The prepared stir bar was characterized by scanning electron micrography (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was successfully applied for the determination of sulfonylurea herbicides in soil and lake water samples coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The extraction and desorption factors affecting the performance of sulfonylurea herbicides were evaluated in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the extraction efficiency of the hybrid stir bar was obviously higher than the blank stir bar without UIO-66(Zr)-NH2. Linear ranges were 10-700 mu g/L for thifensulfuron-methyl (TIM), amidosulfuron (AS) and metsulfttron-methyl (MSM) and 10-800 mu g/L for sulfo-sulfuron (SSF) and tribenuron-methyl (TBM), respectively. The obtained detection limits were in the ranges of 0.04-0.84 mu g/L with the recoveries of 68.8-98.1% for the real samples. The novel stir bar possessed excellent advantages of both supermagnetic performance and large specific surface areas in the presence of MOFs and monoliths, which was potentially an optimal adsorbent for environmental analysis.
摘要：
A new pseudoguaianolide 1 and two new guaiane-type sesquiterpene glucosides 2 and 3, were isolated from the aerial parts of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L together with two known sesquiterpene dilactones 4 and 5. The new compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods to be 3 beta-acetoxy-4 beta-hydroxy-1 alpha,7 alpha, 10 beta,11 alpha H-pseudoguaia-12,8 beta-olide (1), 1 beta,7 beta,9 beta,10 beta,13 alpha H-guaia-4(5)-en-12,6 beta-olide 9-O-beta-d-glucoside (2) and 4 beta-hydroxy-1 alpha,5 alpha,7 alpha,9 alpha H-guaia-10(14),11(13)-dien-12-acid 9-O-beta-d-glucoside (3). The isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell lines in vitro, but were all inactive.
摘要：
Parapoynx crisonalis is an important pest of many aquatic vegetables including water chestnuts. Understanding the relationship between temperature variations and the population growth rates of P. crisonalis is essential to predicting its population dynamics in water chestnuts ponds. These relationships were examined in this study based on the age-stage, two-sex life table of P. crisonalis developed in the laboratory at 21, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 degrees C. The results showed that the values of S-xj (age-stage-specific survival rate), f(xj) (age-stage-specific fecundity), l(x) (age specific survival rate) and m(x) (age-specific fecundity) increased as the temperature rose from 21 to 27 degrees C, then decreased from 30 to 36 degrees C. Temperature also had a significant effect on the net reproductive rate (R-0), gross reproductive rate (GRR), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (gimel.). The value of these parameters were at low levels at 21, 33, and 36 degrees C. Further, the r value decreased as the temperature rose from 24 to 30 degrees C, while the GRR reached its highest level at 27 degrees C. The results indicated that optimal growth and development of P. crisonalis occurred at temperatures between 24 degrees C to 30 degrees C when compared to the lowest temperature (21 degrees C) and higher temperatures of 33 degrees C and 36 degrees C.
摘要：
MicroRNAs play important regulatory roles in eukaryotic lineages. In this paper, we employed deep sequencing technology to sequence and identify microRNAs in M. incognita genome, which is one of the important plant parasitic nematodes. We identified 102 M. incognita microRNA genes, which can be grouped into 71 nonredundant miRNAs based on mature sequences. Among the 71 miRANs, 27 are known miRNAs and 44 are novel miRNAs. We identified seven miRNA clusters in M. incognita genome. Four of the seven clusters, miR-100/let-7, miR-71-1/miR-2a-1, miR-71-2/miR-2a-2 and miR-279/miR-2b are conserved in other species. We validated the expressions of 5 M. incognita microRNAs, including 3 known microRNAs (miR-71, miR-100b and let-7) and 2 novel microRNAs (NOVEL-1 and NOVEL-2), using RT-PCR. We can detect all 5 microRNAs. The expression levels of four microRNAs obtained using RT-PCR were consistent with those obtained by high-throughput sequencing except for those of let-7. We also examined how M. incognita miRNAs are conserved in four other nematodes species: C. elegans, A. suum, B. malayi and P. pacificus. We found that four microRNAs, miR-100, miR-92, miR-279 and miR-137, exist only in genomes of parasitic nematodes, but do not exist in the genomes of the free living nematode C. elegans. Our research created a unique resource for the research of plant parasitic nematodes. The candidate microRNAs could help elucidate the genomic structure, gene regulation, evolutionary processes, and developmental features of plant parasitic nematodes and nematode-plant interaction.
期刊：
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2014年62(49):11924-11932 ISSN：0021-8561
通讯作者：
Chen, Li
作者机构：
[Guan, Di; Chen, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.;[Guan, Di; Liao, Xiao-Lan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Lei; Lu, Yong-Yue] South China Agr Univ, Red Imported Fire Ant Res Ctr, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
摘要：
A characteristic behavior in ants is to move rapidly to emission sources of alarm pheromones. The addition of ant alarm pheromones to bait is expected to enhance its attractiveness. To search for candidate compounds for bait enhancement in fire ant control, 13 related alkylpyrazine analogues in addition to synthetic alarm pheromone component were evaluated for electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioral activities in Solenopsis invicta. Most compounds elicited dose-dependent EAG and behavioral responses. There exists a correlation between the EAG and behavioral responses. Among the 14 tested alkylpyrazines, three compounds, 2-ethyl-3,6(5)-dimethyl pyrazine (1), 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine (7), and 2,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine (12), elicited significant alarm responses at a dose range of 0.1-1000 ng. Further bait discovery bioassay with the three most active alkylpyrazines demonstrated that food bait accompanied by sample-treated filter paper disk attracted significantly more fire ant workers in the first 15 min period. EAG and behavioral bioassays with pure pheromone isomers accumulated by semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine was significantly more active than 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine.
作者机构：
[Luo, Li-Bin; Zhou, Xiao-Mao] Hunan Agr Univ, Inst Pesticide, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Xiang-Ping; Huang, Jia-Di; Zheng, Zhuo] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Cheng-Lu] Liaoning Normal Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Dalian 116029, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Hu, Xiang-Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China.
摘要：
A series of new chiral phosphine-aminophosphine ligands have been prepared via a two- or three-step transformation from commercially available and inexpensive (S)-1-phenylethylamine, and successfully used in the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of various enamides, beta-dehydroamino acid esters, and dimethyl itaconate. The results show that the ligand structure plays an important influence on both the reactivity and enantioselectivity. Ligand 2d bearing a N-H proton and two F-atoms on the 3,5-positions of the phenyl ring of the aminophosphino moiety was most effective for the hydrogenation of enamides and (Z)-beta-aryl-beta-(acylamino)acrylates, whereas ligand lb showed the highest enantioselectivities in the hydrogenation of (Z)-beta-alkyl-beta-(acylamino)acrylates and dimethyl itaconate. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
