期刊：
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2023年195(12):1-17 ISSN：0167-6369
通讯作者：
Wan, DJ
作者机构：
[Wan, Da-juan; Huang, Jun-lin; Wang, Chen-ran; Chen, Jia-qi; Xiang, Yi-fan] Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci, Changsha 410081, Peoples R China.;[Cao, Xue-ying] Changsha Univ, Rural Vitalizat Res Inst, Changsha 410022, Peoples R China.;[Ouyang, Ning-xiang] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wan, DJ ] H;Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci, Changsha 410081, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Hunan Province;Paddy soil;Lead;Zinc;Spatial distribution characteristics;Parent materials
摘要：
This study aimed to investigate the distribution and migration characteristics of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in paddy soils in Hunan Province, China. A total of 343 soil samples from 63 profiles were collected from typical regions. The concentration, spatial distribution, and migration behaviors of Pb and Zn in the paddy soils were examined. The results showed that (1) the concentration ranges of Pb and Zn in the surface layer were 17.62-114.07 mg/kg and 44.98-146.84 mg/kg, respectively. (2) The content was higher in the middle and lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River basin horizontally and exhibited shallow enrichment characteristics vertically. (3) Pb migration was weaker than Zn migration, and the parent material had the most significant influence on Pb and Zn content in the bottom soil layer. The research results will clarify the characteristics of Pb and Zn contents in paddy soils in Hunan Province, further understand the horizontal distribution and vertical migration and transformation characteristics of Pb and Zn contents in paddy soils, and provide basic data for scientific rice cultivation and safe food production.
通讯机构：
[Xu Zhao; Xiaoyuan Yan] S;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China<&wdkj&>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
摘要：
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label /><jats:p>Northeast and East China account for ~36% of the Chinese rice cultivation area, yet considerable spatial disparities in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) exist between these regions. The underlying causes remain poorly understood. Herein, we conducted a case study in two sample sites from two regions, Wuchang and Changshu, using multi‐scale evidence chains spanning macro‐ and micro‐ processes to identify the determinants of spatial NUE variability. Field studies showed higher NUE (partial factor productivity, PFP, and agronomic efficiency, AE) but lower ammonia volatilisation in Wuchang paddy soil. By separating edaphic factors from climatic conditions, soil replacement pot studies between Wuchang and Changshu revealed that both apparent (AE and recovery efficiency, RE) and <jats:sup>15</jats:sup>N‐traced NUE were higher, whereas <jats:sup>15</jats:sup>N fertilizer losses were lower in Wuchang‐soil than Changshu‐soil irrespective of site, suggesting soil type contributedto differences in soil N retention capacity and NUE of the soils. Process‐scale results showed thatgreater rates of gross N mineralizsation (13‐fold higher), gross nitrification (93% higher), and denitrification (52% higher) in Changshu‐soil compared to Wuchang‐soil corresponded to functional gene relative abundance, signifying larger reactive N losses and reduced soil N retention capacity. Microbial community analysis suggested that the differential N transformations were caused by differences in ammonia‐oxidizing archaea(AOA) family <jats:italic>nitrososphaeraceae</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Nitrospira</jats:italic>‐like nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria(NOB). This highlights the importance of specific efficiency‐enhanced strategies tailored to the edaphic characteristics of cropping regions, such as increasing soil N retention capacity using enhanced‐efficiency fertilizer in East China, while implementing conservation management strategies in Northeast China.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights</jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type="bullet">
<jats:list-item><jats:p>Field‐scale studies revealed higher NUE and lower NH<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> volatilisation in Wuchang site.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
<jats:list-item><jats:p>Soil replacement pot studies showed higher NUE in Wuchang‐soil regardless of sites.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
<jats:list-item><jats:p>Process‐scale results unravelled high N losses and low soil N retention in Changshu‐soil.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
<jats:list-item><jats:p>Varying NUE partially correlated with <jats:italic>Nitrososphaeraceae</jats:italic> AOA and <jats:italic>Nitrospira</jats:italic>‐like NOB.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
</jats:list></jats:p></jats:sec>
通讯机构：
[Manyun Zhang] C;College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
摘要：
Applying nitrogen (N)-cycling inhibitors is an effective measure to improve N fertilizer utilization efficiency, but the effects of N-cycling inhibitors on fungicide residues in soil-crop systems are unclear. In this study, nitrification inhibitors dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) were applied into agricultural soils with fungicide carbendazim applications. The soil abiotic properties, carrot yields, carbendazim residues, bacterial communities and their comprehensive relationships were also quantified. Compared to the control treatment, the DCD and DMPP significantly decreased soil carbendazim residues by 96.2% and 96.0%, and the DMPP and NBPT significantly reduced carrot carbendazim residues by 74.3% and 60.3%, respectively. The nitrification inhibitor applications also generated significant and positive effects on carrot yields and soil bacterial community diversities. The DCD application significantly stimulated soil Bacteroidota and endophytic Myxococcota and modified soil and endophytic bacterial communities. Meanwhile, the DCD and DMPP applications also positively stimulated the co-occurrence network edges of soil bacterial communities by 32.6% and 35.2%, respectively. The linear correlation coefficients between soil carbendazim residues and pH, ETSA and NH(4)(+)-N contents were -0.84, -0.57 and -0.80, respectively. The nitrification inhibitor applications generated win-win effects on the soil-crop systems by decreasing carbendazim residues but promoting soil bacterial community diversities and stabilities and crop yields.
关键词：
Lead-acid battery;Low temperature alkaline smelting;FeO-SiO 2-CaO-Na 2 O smelting system;Bath smelting;Lead recovery
摘要：
Recycling lead from waste lead-acid batteries has substantial significance in environmental protection and economic growth. Bearing the merits of easy operation and large capacity, pyrometallurgy methods are mostly used for the regeneration of waste lead-acid battery (LABs). However, these processes are generally operated at the temperature higher than 1300 degrees C. To shorten the energy consumption, a novel pyrometallurgy process which consisted of low temperature alkaline and bath smelting was proposed in this work. The reduction of lead and smelting of slag system are the key factors determine the energy consumption. Thermodynamic calculation suggested that the addition of Na2CO3 can make the reduction of PbSO4 spontaneously at the temperature higher than 288 degrees C (PbSO4 -> PbCO3 -> PbO -> Pb), while direct reduction of PbSO4 necessitated the temperature higher than 1499 degrees C (PbSO4 -> PbO -> Pb). To achieve the efficient reduction of PbSO4, the molar ratios of C/PbSO4 and Na2CO3/PbSO4 should be higher than 0.5 and 1.0, respectively. Meanwhile, a new smelting system (i.e., FeOSiO2-CaO-Na2O) was established in the presence of Na2CO3. Phases with low melting temperatures, such as NaFe2O3, Na2FeSiO4, Na2Ca2Si2O7, Na14Fe6O16 and Na0.5FeO2, were formed. The melting temperature of Fe-SiCa-Na system was lowered to 1050 degrees C at the mass dosage of Na2CO3 at 30%. Recovery of lead under various reduction conditions were systematically evaluated. Under optimum operational conditions, i.e., the dosages of C and Na2CO3 at 10% and m(actual)/m(theory) ratio of 1.3 (all in mass), smelting temperature of 1050 degrees C, and smelting time of 75 min, respectively, the lead recovery efficiency reached >98.0%. Moreover, this method has been successfully applied for the industrial recovery of lead at the scale of 200, 000 tons annually since 2019. Taken together, this method is robust for recovery of lead from the waste LABs and is helpful for building the resource-conserving society.
摘要：
In recent years, carbon-based materials catalyzing peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for green degradation of persistent or-ganic pollutants have attracted increasing attention. However, PMS activation by hydrochar composite (e.g. hydrochar-montomorillonite) has rarely been investigated. Herein, a simple preparation, low-cost and eco-friendly catalyst of hydrochar-montmorillonite composite (HC-Mt) was prepared to firstly catalyze PMS for the degradation of dicamba (DIC). The as-prepared HC-Mt showed a remarkably better catalyzing performance for PMS than pure hydrochar (HC) due to its good physicochemical characteristics and abundant oxygen-containing groups. Further-more, the electron spin resonance (ESR) and quenching tests revealed that active species such as SO4 center dot-, center dot OH and O2 center dot- all participated in the degradation process. DIC sites on C6, Cl 10, and O15 exhibited higher reactivity according to the density functional theory (DFT) calculation, which were easily attacked by active species. The DIC degradation mainly occurred via hydroxyl substitution, decarboxylation, oxidation and ring-cleavage and finally most of the inter-mediates were mineralized into CO2 and H2O. Finally, the phytotoxicity assessment was measured by the germination growth situation of tobacco and mung beans in the presence of DIC (with or without treatment by HC-Mt/PMS). The result showed that HC-Mt/PMS could significantly reduce the phytotoxicity of DIC to crops, suggesting that catalyzing PMS using HC-Mt was environmentally friendly. Therefore, this work did not only provide a novel catalyzing PMS strategy using hydrochar composite for wastewater treatment, but also give a new idea for herbicide phytotoxicity management.
期刊：
Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2023年178:108953 ISSN：0038-0717
通讯作者：
Zhao, Jie(jzhao@isa.ac.cn)
作者机构：
[Zhao, Jie; Liao, Xionghui] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Fu, Shenglei] Henan Univ, Coll Environm & Planning, Kaifeng 475004, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Jie] Guangxi Ind Technol Res Inst Karst Rocky Desertifi, Nanning 530012, Guangxi, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Jie; Liao, Xionghui] Chinese Acad Sci, Huanjiang Observat & Res Stn Karst Ecosyst, Huanjiang 547100, Guangxi, Peoples R China.;[Liao, Xionghui] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jie Zhao] K;Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China<&wdkj&>Guangxi Industrial Technology Research Institute for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Nanning, Guangxi, 530012, China<&wdkj&>Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, Guangxi, 547100, China<&wdkj&>Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang, Guangxi, 547100, China
摘要：
Soil microbes and fauna as key components of belowground food webs play important roles in energy flux and carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems . However, it remains unclear whether forestry management regimes alter the energetic structure of soil food webs and thereby reshape the patterns of soil CO 2 emissions in planted forest. Here, we tested the effects of legume ( Cassia alata ) addition, understory removal, understory removal with legume addition and all plants removal on energy fluxes through soil food webs and soil CO 2 flux in the wet and dry seasons . We show that soil heterotrophic respiration contributed 36.9–57.8% of total CO 2 flux in the soil. In the dry season, C. alata addition increased soil heterotrophic respiration by 24.6% and 57.3%, respectively, when compared with the control and understory removal treatment. Compared with the understory removal treatment, the total energy flux across the whole food web increased with legume addition (i.e., C. alata addition and understory removal with C. alata addition). Legume addition supported a high proportion of energy flux through herbivorous nematodes, whereas understory vegetation removal supported a high proportion of energy flux through microbivorous nematodes. Less energy fluxes were transferred from basal resources to fungivorous mites and collembolans compared with microbivorous and herbivorous nematodes. The total soil CO 2 flux was positively correlated with metabolic rates of herbivorous and omnivorous-predatory nematodes, and energy fluxes through multitrophic groups. Taken together, legume addition and understory vegetation removal modify the patterns of soil CO 2 emissions via changing nematode metabolic rates and re-shaping the energetic structure of soil food webs.
Soil microbes and fauna as key components of belowground food webs play important roles in energy flux and carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems . However, it remains unclear whether forestry management regimes alter the energetic structure of soil food webs and thereby reshape the patterns of soil CO 2 emissions in planted forest. Here, we tested the effects of legume ( Cassia alata ) addition, understory removal, understory removal with legume addition and all plants removal on energy fluxes through soil food webs and soil CO 2 flux in the wet and dry seasons . We show that soil heterotrophic respiration contributed 36.9–57.8% of total CO 2 flux in the soil. In the dry season, C. alata addition increased soil heterotrophic respiration by 24.6% and 57.3%, respectively, when compared with the control and understory removal treatment. Compared with the understory removal treatment, the total energy flux across the whole food web increased with legume addition (i.e., C. alata addition and understory removal with C. alata addition). Legume addition supported a high proportion of energy flux through herbivorous nematodes, whereas understory vegetation removal supported a high proportion of energy flux through microbivorous nematodes. Less energy fluxes were transferred from basal resources to fungivorous mites and collembolans compared with microbivorous and herbivorous nematodes. The total soil CO 2 flux was positively correlated with metabolic rates of herbivorous and omnivorous-predatory nematodes, and energy fluxes through multitrophic groups. Taken together, legume addition and understory vegetation removal modify the patterns of soil CO 2 emissions via changing nematode metabolic rates and re-shaping the energetic structure of soil food webs.
摘要：
Bio-drying is a practical approach for treating food waste (FW). However, microbial ecological processes during treatment are essential for improving the dry efficiency, and have not been stressed enough. This study analyzed the microbial community succession and two critical periods of interdomain ecological networks (IDENs) during FW bio-drying inoculated with thermophiles (TB), to determine how TB affects FW bio-drying efficiency. The results showed that TB could rapidly colonize in the FW bio-drying, with the highest relative abundance of 5.13%. Inoculating TB increased the maximum temperature, temperature integrated index and moisture removal rate of FW bio-drying (55.7 degrees C, 219.5 degrees C, and 86.11% vs. 52.1 degrees C, 159.1 degrees C, and 56.02%), thereby accelerating the FW bio-drying efficiency by altering the succession of microbial communities. The structural equation model and IDEN analysis demonstrated that TB inoculation complicated the IDENs between bacterial and fungal communities by significantly and positively affecting bacterial communities (b = 0.39, p < 0.001) and fungal communities (b = 0.32, p < 0.01), thereby enhancing interdomain interactions between bacteria and fungi. Additionally, inoculation TB significantly increased the relative abundance of keystone taxa, including Clostridium sensu stricto, Ochrobactrum, Phenylobacterium, Microvirga and Candida. In conclusion, the inoculation of TB could effectively improve FW bio-drying, which is a promising technology for rapidly reducing FW with high moisture content and recovering resources from it.
通讯机构：
[Xiande Xie; Zhenyu Zhong] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Hunan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Changsha 410014, China
摘要：
Sorptive removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) bears the advantages of simple operation and easy construction. Customized polymeric materials are the attracting adsorbents due to their selectivity, chemical and mechanical stabilities. The mostly investigated polymeric materials for removing Cr(VI) were reviewed in this work. Assembling of robust functional groups, reduction of self-aggregation, and enhancement of stability and mechanical strength, were the general strategies to improve the performance of polymeric adsorbents. The maximum adsorption capacities of these polymers toward Cr(VI) fitted by Langmuir isotherm model ranged from 3.2 to 1185 mg/g. Mechanisms of complexation, chelation, reduction, electrostatic attraction, anion exchange, and hydrogen bonding were involved in the Cr(VI) removal. Influence factors on Cr(VI) removal were itemized. Polymeric adsorbents performed much better in the strong acidic pH range (e.g., pH 2.0) and at higher initial Cr(VI) concentrations. The adsorption of Cr(VI) was an endothermic reaction, and higher reaction temperature favored more robust adsorption. Anions inhibited the removal of Cr(VI) through competitive adsorption, while that was barely affected by cations. Factors that affected the regeneration of these adsorbents were summarized. To realize the goal of industrial application and environmental protection, removal of the Cr(VI) accompanied by its detoxication through reduction is highly encouraged. Moreover, development of adsorbents with strong regeneration ability and low cost, which are robust for removing Cr(VI) at trace levels and a wider pH range, should also be an eternally immutable subject in the future. Work done will be helpful for developing more robust polymeric adsorbents and for promoting the treatment of Cr(VI)-containing wastewater.
作者机构：
[Zeng W.; 胡旺; 杨子彧; 张玉平] College of Resources, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Daoxin Gong] C;[Xuguo Zhou] D;College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
摘要：
Albendazole is a broad-spectrum fungicide that shows great potential in controlling fungal diseases in citrus. To quantify the dissipation behavior, residue distribution, and dietary risk of albendazole in citrus, we developed an UPLC-MS/MS analysis protocol. The average recovery rate of albendazole in whole citrus and citrus pulp ranged from 74 to 105% with an RSD of 3 to 8%, and a limit of quantification of 0.01 mg kg −1 . The degradation half-lives were 2.8–3.0 and 5.7–17.0 days in whole citrus and citrus pulp, respectively, and the final residues of albendazole were <0.059 mg kg −1 with a risk quotient of <1. This study not only demonstrates that the dietary risk of albendazole in citrus is negligible, but also provides empirical data to establish the maximum residual limit (MRL) for the safe application of albendazole in citrus orchards to meet the requirements for food safety as well as international trade.
Albendazole is a broad-spectrum fungicide that shows great potential in controlling fungal diseases in citrus. To quantify the dissipation behavior, residue distribution, and dietary risk of albendazole in citrus, we developed an UPLC-MS/MS analysis protocol. The average recovery rate of albendazole in whole citrus and citrus pulp ranged from 74 to 105% with an RSD of 3 to 8%, and a limit of quantification of 0.01 mg kg −1 . The degradation half-lives were 2.8–3.0 and 5.7–17.0 days in whole citrus and citrus pulp, respectively, and the final residues of albendazole were <0.059 mg kg −1 with a risk quotient of <1. This study not only demonstrates that the dietary risk of albendazole in citrus is negligible, but also provides empirical data to establish the maximum residual limit (MRL) for the safe application of albendazole in citrus orchards to meet the requirements for food safety as well as international trade.
通讯机构：
[Hong-Yuan Zeng; Ai-Ping Wu] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
Water level rise is considered an environmental filter for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants in lakes. Some emergent macrophytes can form floating mats, enabling them to escape from the negative effects of deep water. However, an understanding of which species can be uprooted and form floating mats easily and what factors affect these tendencies remains greatly elusive. We conducted an experiment to determine whether the monodominance of Zizania latifolia in the emergent vegetation community in Lake Erhai was related to its floating mat formation ability and to try to find the reasons for its floating mat formation ability during the continuous increase in water level over the past few decades. Our results showed that both the frequency and biomass proportion of Z. latifolia were greater among the plants on the floating mats. Furthermore, Z. latifolia was more likely to be uprooted than the other three previously dominant emergent species due to its smaller angle between the plant and the horizontal plane, rather than the root:shoot or volume:mass ratios. The dominance of Z. latifolia in the emergent community in Lake Erhai is due to its easier ability to become uprooted, allowing it to outperform other emergent species and become the single dominant emergent species under the environmental filter of deep water. The ability to uproot and form floating mats may be a competitive survival strategy for emergent species under the conditions of continuous significant water level rise.
