通讯机构：
[Xu Zhao; Xiaoyuan Yan] S;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China<&wdkj&>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
摘要：
Background and aimsIntercropping is known to have low fertilizer input but high production efficiency. However, only few studies have explored the nutrient stoichiometry of soil and microbiome under intercropping patterns to understand the mechanisms underlying the improvement in crop production by intercropping.MethodsA field-based experiment (started in 2013) was conducted to explore the effects of intercropping of maize with peanut, soybean, gingelly, and sweet potato on soil microbial resource limitation, and the factors controlling the resource limitation were investigated by exploring functional gene abundance and soil C-N-P stoichiometry.ResultsVector angle (indicator of microbial P limitation) was > 45 & DEG; in all soil samples. Compared with monocropping, intercropping significantly decreased the vector length and angle. The RC:N-TERC:N was < 0 and the RC:P-TERC:P was > 0 in all soil samples. The RC:P-TERC:P of the monocropping was significantly higher than that of the intercropping soil. Compared with monocropping, the abundances of most of functional genes related to C degradation and fixation, N fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and P activation increased in intercropping soil. Microbial P limitation was associated more with the C-N-P stoichiometric ratios of soil and microbiome than with functional gene abundance. Soil microbial P limitation was notably related to plant N and P uptake and maize yield, regulating by soil microbial N:P, available P:C and P:N ratio.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the mitigation of microbial P limitation by intercropping and highlighted the importance of understanding the promotion of microbial metabolisms by soil resource stoichiometry, which can help in improving maize productivity.
通讯机构：
[Hong-Yuan Zeng; Ai-Ping Wu] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
Water level rise is considered an environmental filter for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants in lakes. Some emergent macrophytes can form floating mats, enabling them to escape from the negative effects of deep water. However, an understanding of which species can be uprooted and form floating mats easily and what factors affect these tendencies remains greatly elusive. We conducted an experiment to determine whether the monodominance of Zizania latifolia in the emergent vegetation community in Lake Erhai was related to its floating mat formation ability and to try to find the reasons for its floating mat formation ability during the continuous increase in water level over the past few decades. Our results showed that both the frequency and biomass proportion of Z. latifolia were greater among the plants on the floating mats. Furthermore, Z. latifolia was more likely to be uprooted than the other three previously dominant emergent species due to its smaller angle between the plant and the horizontal plane, rather than the root:shoot or volume:mass ratios. The dominance of Z. latifolia in the emergent community in Lake Erhai is due to its easier ability to become uprooted, allowing it to outperform other emergent species and become the single dominant emergent species under the environmental filter of deep water. The ability to uproot and form floating mats may be a competitive survival strategy for emergent species under the conditions of continuous significant water level rise.
作者机构：
[Núñez-Delgado A.] Dept. Soil Sci. and Agric. Chem., Univ. Santiago de Compostela, Engineering Polytech. School, Campus Univ. s/n, Lugo, 27002, Spain;[Varjani S.] Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Rameshwar Co. Op. H. Soc., 7, Near Aavkar Hall, Maninagar, Gujarat, Ahmedabad, 380 008, India;[Zhou Y.] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China;[López-Ramón V.] Fac. Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, E-23071, Spain;[Zhang Z.] William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
通讯机构：
[Jiangchi Fei] C;College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Manyun Zhang] C;College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
关键词：
Carbendazim residues;Co-occurrence network;Nitrogen-cycling inhibitors;Soil and endophytic bacteria;Yield
摘要：
Applying nitrogen (N)-cycling inhibitors is an effective measure to improve N fertilizer utilization efficiency, but the effects of N-cycling inhibitors on fungicide residues in soil-crop systems are unclear. In this study, nitrification inhibitors dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) were applied into agricultural soils with fungicide carbendazim applications. The soil abiotic properties, carrot yields, carbendazim residues, bacterial communities and their comprehensive relationships were also quantified. Compared to the control treatment, the DCD and DMPP significantly decreased soil carbendazim residues by 96.2% and 96.0%, and the DMPP and NBPT significantly reduced carrot carbendazim residues by 74.3% and 60.3%, respectively. The nitrification inhibitor applications also generated significant and positive effects on carrot yields and soil bacterial community diversities. The DCD application significantly stimulated soil Bacteroidota and endophytic Myxococcota and modified soil and endophytic bacterial communities. Meanwhile, the DCD and DMPP applications also positively stimulated the co-occurrence network edges of soil bacterial communities by 32.6% and 35.2%, respectively. The linear correlation coefficients between soil carbendazim residues and pH, ETSA and NH(4)(+)-N contents were -0.84, -0.57 and -0.80, respectively. The nitrification inhibitor applications generated win-win effects on the soil-crop systems by decreasing carbendazim residues but promoting soil bacterial community diversities and stabilities and crop yields.
摘要：
Expose of cadmium (Cd) leads to severe leaf chlorosis and reducing nutrient uptake. It is unclear how plants responded to Cd stress in the roots, and its relation to the leaf chlorosis. Our results showed Cd disturbed the homeostasis of multiple nutrient element at different levels. The most reduced elements were Mn, Fe, with 96 %, 89 % decline in the leaves, that caused leaf chlorosis. The plants actively downregulated the expression of metal transporters to reduce Cd uptake, but consequently reducing Fe and Mn uptake. Moreover, Cd stress promoted the formation of iron plaque and significantly reduced the exchangeable ions on root surface. Importantly, ethylene plays an essential role in regulating iron plaque formation and the existent forms of Cd. Blocking ethylene biosynthesis significantly increased exchangeable Cd on the root surface and decreased the percentage of iron oxides bound Cd, thus leading to increase of Cd in the shoots. Above all, our results revealed plants actively control the expression of metal transporter and the ethylene-dependent iron plaque formation to reduce Cd uptake, but sacrificed iron nutrition. The mechanism of sequester Cd on rhizosphere by ethylene in response to Cd stress may provide guidelines for the mitigation of Cd accumulation in rice via ethylene-dependent rhizosphere regulation.
摘要：
Bio-drying is a practical approach for treating food waste (FW). However, microbial ecological processes during treatment are essential for improving the dry efficiency, and have not been stressed enough. This study analyzed the microbial community succession and two critical periods of interdomain ecological networks (IDENs) during FW bio-drying inoculated with thermophiles (TB), to determine how TB affects FW bio-drying efficiency. The results showed that TB could rapidly colonize in the FW bio-drying, with the highest relative abundance of 5.13%. Inoculating TB increased the maximum temperature, temperature integrated index and moisture removal rate of FW bio-drying (55.7 degrees C, 219.5 degrees C, and 86.11% vs. 52.1 degrees C, 159.1 degrees C, and 56.02%), thereby accelerating the FW bio-drying efficiency by altering the succession of microbial communities. The structural equation model and IDEN analysis demonstrated that TB inoculation complicated the IDENs between bacterial and fungal communities by significantly and positively affecting bacterial communities (b = 0.39, p < 0.001) and fungal communities (b = 0.32, p < 0.01), thereby enhancing interdomain interactions between bacteria and fungi. Additionally, inoculation TB significantly increased the relative abundance of keystone taxa, including Clostridium sensu stricto, Ochrobactrum, Phenylobacterium, Microvirga and Candida. In conclusion, the inoculation of TB could effectively improve FW bio-drying, which is a promising technology for rapidly reducing FW with high moisture content and recovering resources from it.
作者机构：
[Guan, Chunyun; Zhang, Yin; Chen, Can; Huang, Huang; Xu, Ying] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Guan, Chunyun; Zhang, Yin; Chen, Can; Huang, Huang] Hunan Engn Res Ctr Rice Field Ecol Planting & Bree, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Li, Zhengyou] Fisheries Res Inst Guizhou Prov, Guiyang 550025, Peoples R China.;[Luo, Jun] Congjiang Agr & Rural Bur Guizhou Prov, Congjiang 557400, Peoples R China.;[Ren, Bo] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Huang Huang] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Research Center of Rice Field Ecological Planting and Breeding, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
rice-fish-duck symbiosis system;globally important agricultural heritage system;value;technology;challenge;countermeasure
摘要：
The Chinese rice-fish-duck symbiosis system is one of the globally important agricultural heritage systems, with a history of nearly a thousand years. It embodies the wisdom of the Chinese ancestors and has huge comprehensive value, which has extremely important references for the sustainable development of agriculture. The technological core for the rice-fish-duck symbiosis system lies in the selection of rice, fish, and duck varieties and the coupling of agricultural operation time. In the process of modern agriculture, many varieties with high comprehensive benefits have also been applied to the rice-fish-duck system, and the rice-fish-duck model has been further developed. What is worrying is that the transfer of rural labor, the promotion of modern agricultural technology, the low degree of marketization and industrialization, the weakening of cultural awareness, and the change in climate have posed huge threats and challenges to the traditional Chinese rice-fish-duck system. The protection and development of the system are urgently needed. Therefore, we recommend delimiting active protection areas, establishing scientific research bases, improving relevant systems, developing rural tourism markets, and innovating farming technology, which also provide guidance for protecting and developing other agricultural cultural heritages.
作者机构：
[Yang, Jingjin; Wu, Genyi] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Caihong] Hunan Res Acad Environm Sci, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Long, Wenqi] Hunan Ecol & Environm Monitoring Ctr, State Environm Protect Key Lab Monitoring Heavy Me, Changsha 410019, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Wangrong] Minist Ecol & Environm PRC, South China Inst Environm Sci, State Environm Protect Key Lab Environm Pollut Hlt, Guangzhou 510530, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Genyi Wu] C;College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that might lead to serious environmental problems, yet few studies relate to the insecticide application during agricultural process. As there appears to be a notable lack of research on the VOCs pollution of insecticides, we aimed to assess the occurrence of insecticide VOCs in the laboratory and during the agricultural process in China that have not been previously investigated. We discuss the estimation of VOCs emission potentials (EPs) and actual emissions (AEs) posed by insecticide applications. For this purpose, nine insecticide formulations were collected for testing and were analyzed via a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and a pump-suction photoionization detection (PID) gas detector. The results showed that the EPs of nine insecticide samples ranged from 12.30% to 81.30%, with a median of 41.59% and a mean of 45.41%. The average actual emission ratio (AER) for the different formulations ranged from 48.76% to 72.12%. AER value was significantly positively correlated with temperature, but significantly negatively correlated with relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. The results of this study provide a technical reference for establishing the corresponding emission inventory and determining the total amount of pesticide VOCs.
