作者机构：
[Deng, J. P.; Liu, J. G.] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Y. N.; Zheng, C. T.; Xia, W. G.; Wang, S.; Li, K. C.; Chen, W.; Ruan, D.; Huang, X. B.] Guangdong Acad Agr Sci, Inst Anim Sci,Guangdong Key Lab Anim Breeding & N, State Key Lab Livestock & Poultry Breeding,Guangd, Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci South China,Minist A, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China.;[Abouelezz, K. F. M.] Assiut Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Poultry Prod, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
通讯机构：
[J.G. Liu; J.P. Deng] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
capsaicin;laying duck;follicle;antioxidant
摘要：
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary addition of capsaicin (CAP) on egg production performance, follicular development, and ovarian antioxidant capacity in laying ducks. Three hundred seventy eight 58-wk-old laying ducks were randomly divided into 3 treatments, each treatment consisted 6 replicates, with 12 individually caged laying ducks per replicate. Ducks fed a basal diet served as control, the other 2 groups of ducks were fed the same diet containing 150 mg/kg CAP but in the manner of feed restriction (pair-fed) or ad libitum fed. The experiment lasted for 8 wk. The results showed that the dietary supplementation with CAP under conditions of ad libitum feeding increased feed intake (P < 0.001) and tended (P < 0.1) to increase egg production and egg weight in laying ducks but had no effects on daily egg mass and feed conversion ratio. The relative weight of large yellow follicles from the 2 CAP-supplemented groups at 64 wk of age were significantly higher than that of the controls (P = 0.01). The relative weight of the small yellow follicles in the CAP free-fed group was significantly higher than that of the other 2 groups (P < 0.01). Capsaicin supplementation under ad libitum feding conditions tended to increase the number of dominant follicles in laying ducks (P = 0.06). The ovarian mRNA expression of genes related to calcium signaling (TRPV4, ATP2A2, ITPR1, and CaM) in the CAP ad libitum fed groups were significantly higher than those of the other 2 groups (P < 0.05). The ovarian mRNA expression of CDK1 in CAP free-fed ducks was significantly higher than that of the other 2 groups (P = 0.01). Capsaicin supplementation significantly increased the plasma glutathione peroxidase activity (P < 0.01) in comparison with the control group but reduced the malondialdehyde content in the ovaries of laying ducks (P < 0.01). The results of this study indicates that dietary supplementation of CAP increased feed intake and improved egg production performance probably by activating calcium signaling pathway and improving redox status.
通讯机构：
[Zhaohong Su] C;College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
关键词：
Electro-reduced graphene oxide;Gold nanoparticles;Metal organic frameworks;One-pot electrodeposition;Electroanalysis of rutin
摘要：
Rutin plays an important role in treating human diseases and improving immunity, and it is still necessary to develop an effective method for the detection of rutin. Herein, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) composites consisting of MOFs, electro-reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were reported for sensitive electroanalysis of rutin. The MOFs composites were prepared by one-pot electrodeposition. Interestingly, ErGO and/or AuNPs are found to significantly accelerate the electrodeposition of MOFs, and are used as good conducive agent to enhance the conductivity of MOFs composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to characterize the properties of the ErGO-AuNPs-MOFs composites. Kinetic behavior of rutin detection at ErGO-AuNPs-MOFs composites were studied by CV. The proposed sensor shows linear range from 7.0 x 10(-9) to 1.4 x 10(-7) mol/L and 1.4 x 10(-7) to 4.0 x 10(-7) mol/L for rutin with a detection limit of 3.44 nmol/L (S/N = 3). The sensor shows acceptable reproducibility, repeatability, anti-interference ability and stability. The sensor was also used to detect rutin in actual tablets samples with satisfactory recovery.
摘要：
T-2 toxin, which is mainly produced by specific strains of Fusarium in nature, can induce immunotoxicity and oxidative stress, resulting in immune organ dysfunction and apoptosis. Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpenoids from nature plants, has been demonstrated to possess immunomodulating and antioxidative bioactivities. The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of BA on T-2 toxin-challenged spleen oxidative damage and further elucidate the underlying mechanism. We found that BA not only ameliorated the contents of serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) but also restored the number of lymphocytes in T-2 toxin-induced mice. BA dose-dependently reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, as well as increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the spleen of T-2-toxin-exposed mice. Moreover, BA reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the spleen, improved the morphology of mitochondria and enriched the number of organelles in splenocytes, and dramatically attenuated T-2 toxin-triggered splenocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, administration of BA alleviated the protein phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK); decreased the protein expression of kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology [ECH]-associated protein1 (Keap1); and increased the protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NF-E2]-related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the spleen. These findings demonstrate that BA defends against spleen oxidative damage associated with T-2 toxin injection by decreasing ROS accumulation and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, as well as inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.
关键词：
COVID-19;online teaching;teaching practice;electronic information technology
摘要：
International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education, Ahead of Print. <br/>The new crown pneumonia (COVID-19) epidemic in 2020 has spread globally, causing schools around the world to stop routine teaching. Educational institutions in various countries have adopted online teaching methods in response to this crisis. This research, carried out in Human Institute of Information Technology with a number of teachers and students as its subjects, sets out to give statistical analysis upon the students' selections of online teaching platforms as well as their evaluations of online teaching. At the same time, based on the online teaching practice of “Building Structure”, a certain quantity of research upon the online teaching practice is completed among the students who began their college studies in engineering cost in the year of 2018. According to all these studies, it is evident that multiple factors such as teachers' ages, professions, and the features of various online teaching platforms, can determine which one is used by different individuals. The evaluation results suggest that online teaching is necessary under the impact of the epidemic despite the fact that students may face a series of problems for lack of self-control and other possible reasons. Through practice, an innovative teaching and evaluation method can partially solve the problems found in online teaching and provide useful ideas for creating higher quality teaching on the Internet.
摘要：
Microorganisms play important roles in the biogeochemical cycling of sulphur (S), an essential element in the Earth's biosphere. Shotgun metagenome sequencing has opened a new avenue to advance our understanding of S cycling microbial communities. However, accurate metagenomic profiling of S cycling microbial communities remains technically challenging, mainly due to low coverage and inaccurate definition of S cycling gene families in public orthology databases. Here we developed a manually curated S cycling database (SCycDB) to profile S cycling functional genes and taxonomic groups for shotgun metagenomes. The developed SCycDB contains 207 gene families and 585,055 representative sequences affiliated with 52 phyla and 2684 genera of bacteria/archaea, and 20,761 homologous orthology groups were also included to reduce false positive sequence assignments. SCycDB was applied for functional and taxonomic analysis of S cycling microbial communities from four habitats (freshwater, hot spring, marine sediment and soil). Gene families and microorganisms involved in S reduction were abundant in the marine sediment, while those of S oxidation and dimethylsulphoniopropionate transformation were abundant in the soil. SCycDB is expected to be a useful tool for fast and accurate metagenomic analysis of S cycling microbial communities in the environment.
摘要：
Genes containing GTPEFTU domain mainly express elongation factors（EF）, Small GTPases, and GTP-binding proteins, which are closely related to protein synthesis, extension and ATP synthesis. In this study, we identified 39 genes containing GTPEFTU domains from peppers.The evolutionary trees constructed from capsicum, Arabidopsis, rice, and tomato are mainly divided into 7 subfamilies. Using PacBio（Pacific Biosciences） sequencing and assembly data, we extracted these 39 gene sequences, from which 25 genes had alternative splicing. Particularly, the Capana08 g000545 had 16 alternative splicing processes. Accordingly, we performed promoter sequence analysis, subcellular location prediction,the expression analysis of different tissues and periods, and also the GO（Gene ontology） analysis of co-expressed genes. Lastly we did the qRTPCR analysis in 5 stages of pepper fruit development. These analyses revealed important structural and functional information for the identified39 genes that contain GTPEFTU domains, providing important references for further follow-up experiments to verify the genes function on plants or their unique roles in peppers.
作者机构：
[Liu, Xiubin; Zou, Xiaoyan; Yang, Zihui; Qing, Zhixing; Sun, Mengshan; Liu, Jinghong; Zeng, Jianguo; Huang, Peng] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Key Lab Tradit Chinese Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zou, Xiaoyan; Qing, Zhixing; Zeng, Jianguo] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yi, Xinxin] Wuhan Frasergen Bioinformat Co Ltd, Wuhan 430075, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Xiubin; Huang, Peng] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Guoan; He, Wei; Lao, Jia] Green Melody Bio Engn Grp Co Ltd, Changsha 410329, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Huang, Peng; Zeng, Jianguo] H;Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University , 410128 Changsha Hunan , China<&wdkj&>College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University , 410128 Changsha Hunan , China<&wdkj&>National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University , 410128 Changsha , China<&wdkj&>Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University , 410128 Changsha Hunan , China<&wdkj&>College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University , 410125 Changsha Hunan , China
关键词：
Comparative genomics;Metabolomics
摘要：
Hemerocallis citrina Borani (huang hua cai in Chinese) is an important horticultural crop whose flower buds are widely consumed as a delicious vegetable in Asia. Here we assembled a high-quality reference genome of H. citrina using single-molecule sequencing and Hi-C technologies. The genome assembly was 3.77 Gb and consisted of 3183 contigs with a contig N50 of 2.09 Mb, which were further clustered into 11 pseudochromosomes. A larger portion (3.25 Gb or 86.20%) was annotated as a repetitive content and 54,295 protein-coding genes were annotated in the genome. Genome evolution analysis showed that H. citrina experienced a recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) event at ~15.73 million years ago (Mya), which was the main factor leading to many multiple copies of orthologous genes. We used this reference genome to predict 20 genes involved in the rutin biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, our metabolomics data revealed neither colchicine nor its precursors in H. citrina, challenging the long-standing belief that this alkaloid causes poisoning by the plant. The results of our disruptive research are further substantiated by our genomic finding that H. citrina does not contain any genes involved in colchicine biosynthesis. The high-quality genome lays a solid foundation for genetic research and molecular breeding of H. citrina.
作者机构：
[Zhu, Xing-Quan; Yang, Jian-Fa; Zou, Feng-Cai; Wang, Yu-Gui] Yunnan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Key Lab Vet Publ Hlth Yunnan Prov, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, Peoples R China.;[Zou, Yang; Wang, Yu-Gui] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, Key Lab Vet Parasitol Gansu Prov, Lanzhou 730046, Peoples R China.;[Gui, Bin-Ze; Liu, Guo-Hua; Wang, Yu-Gui] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Hunan Prov Key Lab Prot Engn Anim Vaccines, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Yu, Ze-Zhong] Yuxi Agr Vocat Tech Coll, Dept Anim Sci, Yuxi 653106, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Dan] Fudan Univ, Sch Life Sci, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Giardia duodenalis;Enterocytozoon bieneusi;Cryptosporidium spp;zoonotic genotypes;pet dogs and cats;Yunnan province;China
摘要：
Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. are common enteric pathogens that reside in the intestines of humans and animals. These pathogens have a broad host range and worldwide distribution, but are mostly known for their ability to cause diarrhea. However, very limited information on prevalence and genotypes of G. duodenalis, E. bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. in pet dogs and cats are available in China. In the present study, a total of 433 fecal samples were collected from 262 pet dogs and 171 pet cats in Yunnan province, southwestern China, and the prevalence and the genotypes of G. duodenalis, E. bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. were investigated by nested PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. The prevalence of G. duodenalis, E. bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. was 13.7% (36/262), 8.0% (21/262), and 4.6% (12/262) in dogs, and 1.2% (2/171), 2.3% (4/171) and 0.6% (1/171) in cats, respectively. The different living conditions of dogs is a risk factor that is related with the prevalence of G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi (p < 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant difference in prevalence of three pathogens in cats. DNA sequencing and analyses showed that four E. bieneusi genotypes (PtEb IX, CD9, DgEb I and DgEb II), one Cryptosporidium spp. (C. canis) and two G. duodenalis assemblages (C and D) were identified in dogs; two E. bieneusi genotypes (Type IV and CtEb I), one Cryptosporidium spp. (C. felis) and one G. duodenalis assemblage (F) were identified in cats. Three novel E. bieneusi genotypes (DgEb I, DgEb II and CtEb I) were identified, and the human-pathogenic genotypes/species Type IV C. canis and C. felis were also observed in this study, indicating a potential zoonotic threat of pet dogs and cats. Our results revealed the prevalence and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis, E. bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. infection in pet dogs and cats in Yunnan province, southwestern China, and suggested the potential threat of pet dogs and cats to public health.
摘要：
In this study, the impact of different cell disruption techniques (high-pressure micro fluidization (HPMF), ionic liquids (ILs), multi-enzyme (ME), and hydrochloric acid (HCl)) on the chemical composition and biological activity of astaxanthin (AST) obtained from Haematococcus pluvialis was investigated. Results indicated that all cell disruption techniques had a significant effect on AST composition, which were confirmed by TLC and UPC2 analysis. AST recovery from HCl (HCl-AST) and ILs (ILs-AST) cell disruption techniques was dominant by free and monoesters AST, while AST recovery from HPMF (HPMF-AST) and ME (ME-AST) cell disruption techniques was composed of monoesters, diesters, and free AST. Further biological activity analysis displayed that HCl-AST showed the highest ABTS and DPPH activity, while ILs-AST showed better results against the ORAC assay. Additionally, ILs-AST exhibits a stronger anti-proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was ascribed to AST-induced ROS in to inhibit the proliferative of cancer cells.
关键词：
methylcellulose films;starch nanocrystals;molecular weight;degree of substitution;physicochemical properties
摘要：
This research studied the effect of molecular weight (M-w) and degree of substitution (DS) on the microstructure and physicochemical characteristics of methylcellulose (MC) films with or without SNC. The M-w and DS of three types of commercial MC (trade name of M20, A4C, and A4M, respectively) were in the range of 0.826 to 3.404 x 10(5) Da and 1.70 to 1.83, respectively. M-w significantly affected the viscosity of methylcellulose solutions as well as the microstructure and tensile strength of methylcellulose films, while DS had a pronounced effect on their oxygen permeability properties. The incorporation of 15% (w/w) SNC resulted in the efficient improvement of tensile strength, water, and oxygen barrier properties of films, particularly for the A4C nanocomposite films. The results from SEM and FTIR illustrated that relatively homogenous dispersion of SNC was distinguished in A4C-15% (w/w) SNC films. Furthermore, microstructures of MC-SNC nanocomposite films were strongly dependent on both M-w and DS of MC. This work offers a convenient and green method to fabricate MC-based nanocomposite films with desirable mechanical, light, oxygen, and water vapor barrier properties.
通讯机构：
[Si, H.] C;[Zhang, P.] H;College of Animal Science and Technology, China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, China
摘要：
Simple Summary Effects of a high-rice dietary proportion on the meat quality, gut microbiota and metabolites in small ruminants are rarely reported. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the slaughtering characteristic and meat quality, acute phase reaction proteins (APRPs) in plasma and colonic microbiota and metabolites of goats subjected to a high-rice diet. After a 35-day period, sixteen goats received a high-rice diet (HR, 90% concentrate) or a control diet (55% concentrate). In summary, the results showed that the slaughter performance and meat quality were improved in the growing goats after being fed the HR diet. However, the HR diet induced an acute phase reaction and disturbed the gut microbiota to some extent, which increases the health risk to growing goats. Effects of a high-rice dietary proportion on the meat quality, acute phase reaction proteins (APRPs) and colonic microbiota and metabolites in goats are rarely reported. This study was designed to investigate the meat quality and metabolism in goats. Sixteen goats were equally divided into two groups and fed a control diet (Con, 55% concentrate) or a high-rice diet (HR, 90% concentrate) for five weeks. We found that the HR diet improved the slaughtering characteristic and meat quality but induced an acute phase reaction and decreased bacterial richness and diversity when compared to the control group. Furthermore, the levels of acetate, propionate and total VFA concentrations were higher in the colonic contents of the HR-fed goats than in those of the control group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the HR diet decreased the pH value, lactic acid concentration and increased the activity of amylase and lipopolysaccharide concentration in the colonic contents of goats (p < 0.05). The proportion of Oscillibacter increased while Phocaeicola and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group significantly decreased with the HR diet (p < 0.05). Collectively, the HR diet induced an acute phase reaction and altered the colonic bacterial community, which increases the health risk to growing goats.
摘要：
Biomass is a type of renewable and sustainable resource that can be used to produce various fuels, chemicals, and materials. Nitrogen (N) in biomass such as microalgae should be reduced if it is used to produce fuels, while the retention of N is favorable if the biomass is processed to yield chemicals or materials with N-containing functional groups. The engineering of the removal and retention of N in hydrochar during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of biomass rich in protein is a research hot spot in the past decade. However, the N transformation during HTC has not yet been fully understood. In order to mediate the migration and transformation of N in hydrochar, the present review overviewed i) the characteristics of hydrochar and the original feedstock, ii) the possible N transformation behavior and mechanisms, and iii) the effect of factors such as feedstock and pyrolysis parameters such as temperature on hydrochar N. The high temperature and high protein content promote the dehydration, decarboxylation, and deamination of biomass to produce hydrochar solid fuel with reduced N content, while the Millard and Mannich reactions for lignocellulosic biomass rich in carbohydrate (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) at medium temperatures (e.g., 180-240 degrees C) significantly promote the enrichment of N in hydrochar. The prediction models can be built based on properties of biomass and the processing parameters for the estimation of the yield and the content of N in hydrochar. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
通讯机构：
[Qiyan Xiong] I;Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China<&wdkj&>College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa<&wdkj&>School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
关键词：
M. hyorhinis;GAPDH;Adhesion;Plasminogen;Extracellular matrix
摘要：
Mycoplasma hyorhinis infects pigs causing polyserositis and polyarthritis, and has also been reported in a variety of human tumor tissues. The occurrence of disease is often linked with the systemic invasion of the pathogen. Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH), one of the key enzymes of glycolysis, was reported as a surface multifunctional molecule in several bacteria. Here, we investigated whether GAPDH could manifest binary functions; as an adhesin to promote colonization as well as a plasminogen receptor functioning in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation to promote systemic invasion. The surface localization of GAPDH was observed in M. hyorhinis with flow cytometry and colony blot analysis. Recombinant GAPDH (rGAPDH) was found to be able to bind porcine-derived PK-15 and human-derived NCI-H292 cells. The incubation with anti-GAPDH antibody significantly decreased the adherence of M. hyorhinis to both cell lines. To investigate its function in recruiting plasminogen, firstly, the interaction between rGAPDH and plasminogen was demonstrated by ELISA and Far-Western blot assay. The activation of the rGAPDH-bound plasminogen into plasmin was proved by using a chromogenic substrate, and furtherly confirmed to degrade extracellular matrix by using a reconstituted ECM. Finally, the ability of rGAPDH to bind different ECM components was demonstrated, including fibronectin, laminin, collagen type IV and vitronectin. Collectively, our data imply GAPDH as an important adhesion factor of M. hyrohinis and a receptor for hijacking host plasminogen to degrade ECM. The multifunction of GAPDH to bind both plasminogen and ECM components is believed to increase the targeting of proteolysis and facilitate the dissemination of M. hyorhinis.
摘要：
Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) can effectively enhance crop yields and raise the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in agroecosystems. In the present study, the volatilization of NH3 was determined by airflow enclosure chamber technique after the application of different CRNF rates in double-cropping rice fields in southern China for continuous 3 years. The early and late season rice (ESR and LSR) were cultivated each year. The results showed that the total NH3 volatilization losses ranged from 25 to 56 kg N ha(-1) in ESR and from 32 to 61 kg N ha(-1) in LSR. The loss of N to the total applied N ranged from 12 to 29% in ESR and from 12 to 27% in LSR. The application of CRNF significantly reduced the cumulative NH3 volatilization losses by 20-43% for ESR and by 20-32% for LSR compared with conventional urea application. CRNF in LSR was less effective to reduce NH3 volatilization than that in ESR. Furthermore, the application of 80% of N rate in the form of CRNF gave higher grain yield and apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency (ANRE) than that of application of 100% of N rate from conventional urea. CRNF can effectively reduce NH3 volatilization, and increase rice yield and ANRE. Considering higher price of CRNF, the application of CRNF at lower (20% applied N) rate than conventional urea in LSR may be a reasonable fertilization strategy for improving N use efficiency, environment effectiveness, and sustaining the development of rice production systems in double-cropping rice.
