通讯机构：
[Han, HL ] N;Northeast Forestry Univ, Sch Forestry, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China.;Northeast Forestry Univ, Northeast Asia Biodivers Res Ctr, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China.;Northeast Forestry Univ, Key Lab Sustainable Forest Ecosyst Management, Minist Educ, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The Genus Betapsestis was established by Matsumura in 1921, based on B. takeuchii from Honshu in Japan. It belongs to the subfamily Thyatirinae in the family Drepanidae, which is distributed in the Palaearctic and Oriental regions (Laszlo et al. 2007; Matsumura 1921). Only two species, B. umbrosa (Wileman, 1911) and B. brevis (Leech, 1900), have been known to date. Among them, B. brevis is endemic to China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Yunan), and B. umbrosa is endemic to Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu), respectively (Laszlo et al. 2007; Matsumura 1921; Zhao 2004; Zhuang 2017). In this study, a new species of Betapsestis, B. shennongjiaensis Lai, Huang & Han sp. nov., from Shennongjia National Park in Hubei Province, China, is described as new to sciences.
摘要：
Germplasm identification is essential for plant breeding and conservation. In this study, we developed a new method, DT-PICS, for efficient and cost-effective SNP selection in germplasm identification. The method, based on the decision tree concept, could efficiently select the most informative SNPs for germplasm identification by recursively partitioning the dataset based on their overall high PIC values, instead of considering individual SNP features. This method reduces redundancy in SNP selection and enhances the efficiency and automation of the selection process. DT-PICS demonstrated significant advantages in both the training and testing datasets and exhibited good performance on independent prediction, which validates its effectiveness. Thirteen simplified SNP sets were extracted from 749,636 SNPs in 1135 Arabidopsis varieties resequencing datasets, including a total of 769 DT-PICS SNPs, with an average of 59 SNPs per set. Each simplified SNP set could distinguish between the 1135 Arabidopsis varieties. Simulations demonstrated that using a combination of two simplified SNP sets for identification can effectively increase the fault tolerance in independent validation. In the testing dataset, two potentially mislabeled varieties (ICE169 and Star-8) were identified. For 68 same-named varieties, the identification process achieved 94.97% accuracy and only 30 shared markers on average; for 12 different-named varieties, the germplasm to be tested could be effectively distinguished from 1,134 other varieties while grouping extremely similar varieties (Col-0) together, reflecting their actual genetic relatedness. The results suggest that the DT-PICS provides an efficient and accurate approach to SNP selection in germplasm identification and management, offering strong support for future plant breeding and conservation efforts.
通讯机构：
[Li, Youzhi] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.;National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Chlorantraniliprole is a diamide insecticide widely used in China over the last 15 years. The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, newly invaded China in 2019. The response of FAW to chlorantraniliprole deserves more attention, in the context of many destructive lepidopteran species are resistant to diamide insecticides and the patent on core chemical of chlorantraniliprole in China expired in August 2022. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study investigated the response profile in larvae under chlorantraniliprole-induced (LC(50)) stress using methods of bioassay, RNA-Seq and qPCR. We observed growth inhibition and lethal effects in FAW larvae, but at a relatively high LC(50) value compared to other several pests. Additionally, under chlorantraniliprole-induced stress, 3309 unigenes were found to be differentially expressed genes. The impacted genes included 137 encoding for detoxification enzymes, 29 encoding for cuticle proteins, and 20 key enzymes involved in the chitin metabolism, which all associated with metabolic resistance. Finally, we obtained the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of two RyR genes, which are the target proteins for chlorantraniliprole. We also investigated the causes of the high LC(50) value in our FAW, which possibly related to the stabilized 4743M on SNP frequency of RyR. These findings documented the genetic background of RyR of FAW and indicated that application of chlorantraniliprole has a high risk of controlling FAW in China. CONCLUSION: In brief, our results provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of chlorantraniliprole toxicity and detoxification in FAW, and will aid in monitoring the development of resistant strains for a newly pest to an old insecticide.
通讯机构：
[Yu, H ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Dis & Inse, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Feed quality influences insect cannibalistic behavior and gut microbial communities. In the present study, Spodoptera exigua larvae were fed six different artificial diets, and one of these diets (Diet 3) delayed larval cannibalistic behavior and reduced the cannibalism ratio after ingestion. Diet 3-fed larvae had the highest gut bacterial load (1.396 ± 0.556 × 1014 bacteria/mg gut), whereas Diet 2-fed larvae had the lowest gut bacterial load (3.076 ± 1.368 × 1012 bacteria/mg gut). The gut bacterial composition and diversity of different diet-fed S. exigua larvae varied according to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Enterobacteriaceae was specific to the Diet 3-fed larval gut. Fifteen culturable bacterial isolates were obtained from the midgut of Diet 3-fed larvae. Of these, ten belonged to Escherichia sp. After administration with Diet 1- or 2-fed S. exigua larvae, two bacterial isolates (SePC-12 and -37) delayed cannibalistic behavior in both tested larval groups. Diet 2-fed larvae had the lowest Juvenile hormone (JH) concentration and were more aggressive against intraspecific predation. However, SePC-12 loading increased the JH hormone levels in Diet 2-fed larvae and inhibited their cannibalism. Bacteria in the larval midgut are involved in the stabilization of JH levels, thereby regulating host larval cannibalistic behavior. Depending on the diet, larvae of the beet armyworm harbor Enterobacteria in their midgut which can delay host cannibalistic behavior most probably via increase of their juvenile hormone.
摘要：
A chitosan-based nanoparticle was prepared using chitosan (CS) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMCS). Our study revealed that chitosan/O-carboxymethyl chitosan/tebuconazole nanoparticles (CS/O-CMCS/TBA NPs) exhibited superior antifungal activity, foliar adhesion, and microbial target adhesion performance compared to commercial suspension concentrate (SC). The antifungal activity of CS/O-CMCS/TBA NPs against C. gloeosporioides, with a 3.13-fold increase in efficacy over TBA (SC). We also found that low concentrations of CS/O-CMCS NPs promoted the growth of C. gloeosporioides and enhanced the fungal catabolism of chitosan. Overall, the CS/O-CMCS/TBA NPs were found to possess the remarkable capability to selectively aggregate around pathogenic microorganisms and CS/O-CMCS NPs can enhance the fungal catabolism of chitosan. CS/O-CMCS/TBA NPs, as a "sugar-coated bomb", was a promising asset for effective plant disease management and pesticide utilization through the affinity of chitosan-based nanoparticles and C. gloeosporioides, enabling targeted delivery and targeted release of their encapsulated active ingredient, which was important for the development and application of biocompatible chitosan-based nanopesticides.
期刊：
Journal of Cleaner Production,2023年421:138494 ISSN：0959-6526
通讯作者：
Zhang, Zhixiang;Xu, HH
作者机构：
[Wu, Hao; Zhang, Zhixiang; Miao, Xiaoran; Xu, HH; Hou, Ruiquan; Du, Pengrui; Wang, Ruifei; Xu, Hanhong; Li, Shengnan; Zhang, Ning] South China Agr Univ, Natl Key Lab Green Pesticide, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Wei; Zhang, Ning] Gannan Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Natl Navel Orange Engn Res Ctr, Ganzhou 341000, Peoples R China.;[Li, Youzhi] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, ZX; Xu, HH ] S;South China Agr Univ, Natl Key Lab Green Pesticide, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Nanopesticide;Controlled release;Antioxidant enzymes;Defense relative genes;Microbial community
摘要：
The frequent application of pesticides has caused adverse effects on humans and the environment. Stimuli responsive nanoparticles can enhance the control efficacy of pesticides to pest insects or fungus and reduce impacts on non-target organisms. In the present work, 4-(hydroxymethyl) phenylboronic acid pinacol ester (PBAP) groups were conjugated onto 13-cyclodextrin (13-CD) to form a H2O2-eliminating material (Ox-bCD), and then the nanoparticiles (PYR@OxbCD) loaded pyraclostrobin (PYR) were successfully fabricated by a nano precipitation. The prepared PYR@OxbCD had excellent reactive oxygen species (ROS) release dependency, and significantly enhanced fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani in vitro. PYR@OxbCD could accurately release PYR at infected rice plants, providing a better control efficacy than PYR suspension concentrate (SC). The contact angle of PYR@OxbCD on leaves was reduced, and the spreading and antiphotolysis properties were increased, which may lead to an increase of deposition and a lower dissipation rate. Furthermore, the released PYR from PYR@OxbCD enhanced the activity of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and up-regulated the expression of defense genes including PAL, PR10, CHI, CAT, GluPOD and AsPOD. PYR@OxbCD exhibited a much weaker effect on microbial abundance in rice cropping systems. The study provides an idea for smart delivery of fungicides to prevent plant pathogens and offers a more comprehensive view about the resistance of R. solani infected rice triggered by PYR@OxbCD in levels of phenotype, enzymatic activity, gene expression, and microbiome.
关键词：
South American tomato leafminer;invasive pest;Gelechiidae;genetic variability;dispersal avenue;population structure;cryptic forms
摘要：
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a cosmopolitan invader and one of the most serious pests of tomato. This pest has expanded rapidly in China since it initially invaded Xinjiang in the northwest in 2017 and Yunnan in the south in early 2018. More complete knowledge of the migration patterns and genetic structure of this pest is important for implementing effective management strategies. To fill this knowledge gap, the COI gene of T. absoluta was sequenced based on nationwide routine monitoring. This study showed a new invasion into Gansu and Inner Mongolia, indicating ongoing expansion of this pest. Most populations of T. absoluta, both in China and worldwide, have high genetic homogeneity. Nevertheless, some degree of genetic variability was found in populations in southern China, especially in Yunnan. Two distinct haplogroups were distinguished, and clade A was predominant at the global level. The high level of sequence divergence indicated the possible existence of cryptic species. Furthermore, FST and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed weak but significant differentiation between the Xinjiang northwestern group and southern group/subgroups and provides compelling evidence of the different dispersal avenues of T. absoluta in northwestern and southern China. T. absoluta likely established bridgehead populations in Yunnan and then spread rapidly throughout this province and neighboring territories in southern China. Knowledge regarding genetic diversity, population structure and dispersal pattern is valuable for improving management guidelines for this pest. Strict plant quarantines, local eradication and practical control measures are needed to solve the problem caused by T. absoluta.
作者机构：
[Huang, Guo-hua; Lv, Jun-xian] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Dis & Inse, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, X. I. N. G.] Qiongtai Normal Univ, Coll Sci, Trop Biodivers & Bioresource Utilizat Lab, Haikou 571100, Hainan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
New record;Female genitalia;Neopseustidae;Yintiaoling Nature Reserve
摘要：
In 2022, the insect inventories organized by Prof. Zhi-Sheng Zhang of Southwest University were constructed in Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing Municipality, China. The neopseustid moth from Chongqing based on three specimens of Neopseustis archiphenax by light trapping were reported in this paper. The photos of the male and female adults, genitalia, and abdominal special structures are presented with the female described firstly. Also, the DNA barcoding sequence data is provided, and the key to the Neopseustis species is given.
摘要：
The excessive use of chemical herbicides has resulted in evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are vital detoxification enzymes for herbicide-resistant weeds. Herein, we confirmed a resistant (R) Polypogon fugax population showing resistance to quizalofop-p-ethyl, acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide pyroxsulam, and several other ACCase (acetyl-CoA carboxylase)-inhibiting herbicides. Molecular analysis revealed no target-site gene mutations in the R population. Foliar spraying with malathion clearly reversed the quizalofop-p-ethyl phytotoxicity. Higher level of quizalofop-p-ethyl degradation was confirmed in the R population using HPLC analysis. Subsequently, RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis indicated that the overexpression of CYP89A2 gene appeared to be responsible for reducing quizalofop-p-ethyl phytotoxicity. The molecular docking results supported a metabolic effect of CYP89A2 protein on most herbicides tested. Furthermore, we found that low doses of herbicides stimulated the rhizosphere enzyme activities in P. fugax and the increase of rhizosphere dehydrogenase of R population may be related to its resistance mechanism. In summary, our research has shown that metabolic herbicide resistance mediated by CYP89A2, contributes to quizalofop-p-ethyl resistance in P. fugax.
通讯机构：
[Guo-Hua Huang] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, People's Republic of China<&wdkj&>Institute of Virology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, People's Republic of China
摘要：
In insects, lipids and trehalose are the primary energy reserves and sources, and their metabolism is controlled by a variety of physiological processes. Adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKHR) has been reported to be involved in glycolipid metabolism and immune response, however, is an uncharted territory in Helicoverpa armigera. In the present study, the full-length cDNA encoding AKHR was isolated from H. armigera. The HaAKHR contains a seven-transmembrane domain, which was a characteristic of G-protein coupled receptors. The expression profile analysis revealed that HaAKHR was highly expressed in fat body of newly emerged female adults and highly expressed in the immature stage. The content of triglyceride (TAG) in fat body increased significantly after silencing of HaAKHR, however, the trehalase activity and the expression of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) were decreased in hemolymph. Furthermore, the expression level of HaAKHR was significantly upregulated when infected with different kinds of entomopathogenic microbes. The above results suggested that HaAKHR plays an important role in regulating glycolipid metabolism and immune response in H. armigera, and contribute to understanding the underlying mechanism of host-pathogen interactions in H. armigera.
作者机构：
[Hou, Maolin; Zhong, Yuqi] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China.;[Zhong, Yuqi; Liao, Xiaolan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410028, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Maolin Hou] S;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
Cyrtorhinus lividipennis;predation;reproduction;fitness;low temperature storage;biological control
摘要：
Simple Summary Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important predator of planthoppers and leafhoppers in rice fields. Augmentative biological control has been practiced successfully in many agroecosystems. However, one of the primary obstacles to augmentative biological control is obtaining natural enemies in sufficient numbers and quality when required for release. The development of the low-temperature storage (LTS) technique has been pivotal in ensuring the flexibility and efficiency of the mass production of biological control agents. Here, we measured the effects of LTS on the predatory capacity and reproduction of C. lividipennis adults and the fitness of the F1 generation. The results are expected to improve the successful utilization of the predator in an IPM program. Low-temperature storage (LTS) is a way to adjust natural enemy development to meet field release needs and to protect natural enemies from the odds of long-distance transportation. The mirid bug Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important predator of planthoppers and leafhoppers in rice fields. In this study, the LTS effects were measured on the predatory capacity and reproduction of the mirid adults (provided with 20% honey solution and stored at 13 degrees C for 12 days), and the fitness of the F1 generation of these adults. Higher predation of the eggs of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) was observed in the post-storage females than in the control females. The functional responses of C. lividipennis adults, either exposed to LTS or not, to planthopper eggs fitted well with Holling type II functional responses. Longevity was not affected by LTS, whereas the number of offspring nymphs was 55.6% lower in the post-storage females than in the control females. The fitness of the offspring generation was not affected by the LTS of parental adults. The findings are discussed with their relevance to biological control.
摘要：
Ascoviruses are insect-specific viruses that are thought to utilize the cellular apoptotic processes of host larvae to produce numerous virion-containing vesicles. In this study, we monitored the in vivo infection processes of Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h) to illustrate the regulated cell death (RCD) of host cells. Transmission electron microscopic observations did not reveal any morphological markers of apoptosis in the fat bodies or hemocytes of HvAV-3h-infected Helicoverpa armigera or Spodoptera exigua larvae. However, several hemocytes showed the morphological criteria for necrosis and/or pyroptosis. Further in vitro biochemical tests were performed to confirm the RCD type of host cells after infection with HvAV-3h. Different morphological characteristics were found between the early (prior to 24 hours post-infection, [hpi]) and later (48 to 120 hpi) stages in both HvAV-3h infected larval fat bodies and hemocytes. In the early stages, the virions could only be found in several adipohemocytes, and the fat bodies were cleaving their contained lipid inclusions into small lipid dots. In the later stage, both fat bodies and hemocytes were filled with numerous virions. According to the morphological characteristics of HvAV-3h infected larval fat bodies or hemocytes, the pathogenic characteristics and infection patterns of HvAV-3h in the host larvae were described, and the systematic pathogenic mode of ascovirus infection was refined in this study. This study details the complete infection process of ascoviruses, which provides insights into the relationship between a pathogenesis of an insect virus and the RCD of different host tissues at different stages of infection. IMPORTANCE Viruses and other pathogens can interrupt host cellular apoptosis to gain benefits, such as sufficient resources and a stable environment that enables them to complete their replication and assembly. It is unusual for viruses to code proteins with homology to caspases, which are commonly recognized as apoptosis regulators. Ascoviruses are insect viruses with special cytopathology, and they have been hypothesized to induce apoptosis in their host larvae via coding a caspase-like protein. This enables them to utilize the process of cellular apoptosis to facilitate vesicle formation and replication. However, our previous studies revealed different trends. The fat bodies and hemocytes of Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h)-infected larvae did not show any morphological markers of apoptosis but did display necrosis and/or pyroptosis morphological characteristics. The pathogenic characteristics and infection patterns of HvAV-3h in the host larvae were described, which can help us understand the relationship between the pathogenesis of an insect virus and host RCD.
摘要：
As a subtropical and tropical tree, bayberry (Myrica rubra) is an important fruit tree grown commercially in southern China. Interestingly, our studies found that the fruit quality of bayberry with accompanying ryegrass was significantly improved, but its mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of accompanying ryegrass on the beneficial effect of the fruit quality of bayberry by measuring the vegetative growth parameters, fruit parameters with economic impact, physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil, microbial community structure, and metabolites of the bayberry with/without ryegrass. Notably, the results revealed a significant difference between bayberry trees with and without accompanying ryegrass in fruit quality parameters, soil physical and chemical properties, microbial community structure, and metabolites. Compared with the control without accompanying ryegrass, the planting of ryegrass increased the titratable sugar, vitamin C, and titratable flavonoid contents of bayberry fruits by 2.26%, 28.45%, and 25.00%, respectively, and decreased the titratable acid contents by 9.04%. Furthermore, based on 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing of soil microflora, the accompanying ryegrass caused a 12.47% increment in Acidobacteriota while a 30.04% reduction in Actinobacteria was recorded, respectively, when compared with the bayberry trees without ryegrass. Redundancy discriminant analysis of microbial communities and soil properties indicated that the main variables of the bacterial community included available nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable aluminum, and available kalium, while the main variables of the fungal community included exchangeable aluminum, available phosphorus, available kalium, and pH. In addition, the change in microbial community structure was justified by the high correlation analysis between microorganisms and secondary metabolites. Indeed, GC-MS metabolomics analysis showed that planting ryegrass caused a 3.83%–144.36% increase in 19 metabolites such as 1,3-Dipentyl-heptabarbital and carbonic acid 1, respectively, and a 23.78%–51.79% reduction of 5 metabolites compared to the bayberry trees without the accompanying ryegrass. Overall, the results revealed the significant change caused by the planting of ryegrass in the physical and chemical properties, microbiota, and secondary metabolites of the bayberry rhizosphere soils, which provides a new insight for the ecological improvement of bayberry.
通讯作者：
Wei Li<&wdkj&>Liangying Dai<&wdkj&>Shiming Liu
作者机构：
[Cheng, Rong; Yi, Tuyong; Liu, Shiming; Li, Wei; Zheng, Xiang; Zhong, Chanjuan; Dai, Liangying] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Dis & Inse, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Shiming; Zhao, Jie] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Tyler H.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Letters & Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;[Zhu, Zhendong] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Jieting] Wimi Biotechnol Co Ltd, Changzhou 213000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wei Li; Liangying Dai; Shiming Liu] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , P. R. China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , P. R. China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , P. R. China
摘要：
Phytophthora sojae causes Phytophthora root and stem rot disease of soybean (Glycine max), leading to huge annual yield loss worldwide, but resistance to Phytophthora sojae (Rps) genes remains elusive. Soybean cultivar "Yudou 29" is resistant to P. sojae strain PsMC1, and this study aimed to clone, identify, and characterize the Rps gene in Yudou 29 (RpsYD29) and clarify its functional mechanism. We map-based cloned RpsYD29 (ZINC FINGER PROTEIN03, GmZFP03) using the families of a cross between Yudou 29 and a P. sojae-susceptible soybean cultivar "Jikedou 2". P. sojae resistance of GmZFP03 was functionally validated by stable soybean genetic transformation and allele-phenotype association analysis. GmZFP03 was identified as a C2H2-type zinc finger protein transcription factor, showing 4 amino acid residue polymorphisms (V79F, G122-, G123-, and D125V) and remarkably different expression patterns between resistant and susceptible soybeans. Notably boosted activity and gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in resistant-type GmZFP03-expressed transgenic soybean, substantial enhancement of P. sojae resistance of wild-type soybean by exogenous SOD treatment, and GmZFP03 binding to and activation of 2 SOD1 (Glyma.03g242900 and Glyma.19g240400) promoters demonstrated the involvement of SOD1s in GmZFP03-mediated resistance to P. sojae strain PsMC1. Thus, this study cloned the soybean P. sojae-resistant GmZFP03, the product of which specifically targets 2 SOD1 promoters. GmZFP03 can be directly used for precise P. sojae-resistance soybean breeding. The soybean transcription factor ZINC FINGER PROTEIN03 targets and activates two SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE1 promoters to confer resistance to Phytophthora sojae.
摘要：
Eleusine indica has become a global nuisance weed and has evolved resistance to glufosinate. The involvement of target-site resistance (TSR) in glufosinate resistance in E. indica has been elucidated, while the role of nontarget-site resistance (NTSR) remains unclear. Here, we identified a glufosinate-resistant (R) population that is highly resistant to glufosinate, with a resistance index of 13.5-fold. Molecular analysis indicated that the resistance mechanism of this R population does not involve TSR. In addition, pretreatment with two known metabolic enzyme inhibitors, the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) inhibitor malathion and the glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitor 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl), increased the sensitivity of the R population to glufosinate. The results of subsequent RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) suggested that the constitutive overexpression of a GST gene (GSTU3) and three CYP450 genes (CYP94s and CYP71) may play an important role in glufosinate resistance. This study provides new insights into the resistance mechanism of E. indica.
通讯机构：
[Hualiang He] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
Cyproflanilide is a novel chemical that is already undergoing insecticide registration in China and has been categorized as a member of group 30 by the IRAC. Since it was first detected in 2019, the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, has become a serious pest in China. Our laboratory and field efficacy trials indicated that cyproflanilide exhibits high larvicidal activity against FAW. However, the effect of cyproflanilide against FAW remains unknown. And it is worth exploring further before the cyproflanilide becomes commercially available. We found larvae exposed to cyproflanilide had significantly shorter body length and higher death rates compared to control larvae. Additionally, we found surviving larvae had a significantly longer developmental period compared to control larvae. The potential molecular mechanisms of cyproflanilide against FAW were investigated using comparative transcriptomic analyses on larval samples subjected to three insecticide treatments, including cyproflanilide and two other commonly used insecticides against FAW in China, chlorantraniliprole and avermectin. We found that several subunits of the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAR), a possible target protein of cyproflanilide, were significantly up-regulated at the transcriptional level during cyproflanilide-induced stress. Additionally, between the control and cyproflanilide-treated samples, we identified 131 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with detoxification metabolism. Of these, we found four P450 genes that were significantly up-regulated under cyproflanilide stress but were not DEGs when exposed to chlorantraniliprole and avermectin, or 23 other pesticides from previous reports. Furthermore, we discovered an interesting gene aggregation region for insect cuticle proteins (CPs) on the 18th chromosome, which is likely related to FAW cross-resistance to cyproflanilide and avermectin. Our results contribute to a greater understanding of the mechanisms by which cyproflanilide affects FAW. Additionally, we identified the similarities and differences in transcriptomic profiling of FAW between the novel insecticide cyproflanilide and two other commonly used insecticides.
通讯机构：
[Lu, YB ; Zhang, ZJ] Z;Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect & Microbiol, State Key Lab Managing Biot & Chem Threats Qual &, Hangzhou 310021, Peoples R China.
摘要：
As an economically important insect pest, the flower thrips Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) causes great damage to host plants by directly feeding and indirectly transmitting various pathogenic viruses. The lack of a well-assembled genomic resource has hindered our understanding of the genetic basis and evolution of F. intonsa. In this study, we used Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) long reads and High-through chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) linked reads to construct a high-quality reference genome assembly of F. intonsa, with a total size of 225.5 Mb and a contig N50 of 3.37 Mb. By performing the Hi-C analysis, we anchored 91.68% of the contigs into 15 pseudochromosomes. Genomic annotation uncovered 17,581 protein-coding genes and identified 20.09% of the sequences as repeat elements. BUSCO analysis estimated over 98% of genome completeness. Our study is at the first time to report the chromosome-scale genome for the species of the genus Frankliniella. It provides a valuable genomic resource for further biological research and pest management of the thrips.
摘要：
Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) is a destructive pest of legumes, such as cowpea. The biology, population dynamics and control strategies of this pest have been well studied. However, the lack of a high-quality reference genome for M. usitatus has hindered the understanding of key biological questions, such as the mechanism of adaptation to feed preferentially on high-protein host plants and the resistance to proteinase inhibitors (PIs). In this study, we generated a high-resolution chromosome-level reference genome assembly (247.82 Mb, 16 chromosomes) of M. usitatus by combining Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and Hi-C sequencing. The genome assembly showed higher proportions of GC and repeat content compared to other Thripinae species. Genome annotation revealed 18,624 protein-coding genes, including 4613 paralogs that were preferentially located in TE-rich regions. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the paralogs revealed significant enrichment in digestion-related genes. Genome-wide identification uncovered 506 putative digestion-related enzymes; of those, proteases, especially their subgroup serine proteases (SPs), are significantly enriched in paralogs. We hypothesized that the diversity and expansion of the digestion-related genes, especially SPs, could be driven by mobile elements (TEs), which promote the adaptive evolution of M. usitatus to high-protein host plants with high serine protease inhibitors (SPIs). The current study provides a valuable genomic resource for understanding the genetic variation among different pest species adapting to different plant hosts.
