期刊：
Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology,2023年2023:9933783 ISSN：1712-9532
通讯作者：
Liao, XL;Liu, Y
作者机构：
[Gu, Zepei; Liao, XL; Du, Xiaohua; Su, Pin; Zhang, Deyong; Liao, Xiaolan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Weixing; Gu, Zepei; Du, Xiaohua; Su, Pin; Zhang, Deyong; Chen, Lijie; Liu, Zhuoxin; Liu, Yong; Peng, Qianze] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Hunan Plant Protect Inst, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Su, Pin; Zhang, Deyong; Chen, Lijie; Liu, Zhuoxin; Liu, Yong] Hunan Univ, Longping Branch, Grad Sch, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liao, XL ; Liu, Y ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Hunan Plant Protect Inst, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;Hunan Univ, Longping Branch, Grad Sch, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Introduction;Materials and Methods;Results;Discussion;Conclusion;Abstract;Data Availability;Additional Points;Ethical Approval;Consent;Disclosure;Conflicts of Interests;Authors’ Contributions;Funding Statement;Acknowledgements;Acknowledgments;Supplementary Materials;Reference;Dataset Description;Dataset Files;Abstract;Introduction;Introduction and Materials;Introduction and Methods;Materials;Materials and Methods;Methods;Results;Discussion;Results and Discussion;Discussion and Conclusion;Results and Conclusion;Conclusion;Conclusions;Data Availability;Additional Points;Ethical Approval;Consent;Disclosure;Conflicts of Interest;Authors’ Contributions;Funding Statement;Acknowledgements;Supplementary Materials;References;Appendix;Abbreviations;Preliminaries;Introduction and Preliminaries;Notation;Proof of Theorem;Proofs;Analysis of Results;Examples;Numerical Example;Applications;Numerical Simulation;Model;Model Formulation;Systematic Palaeontology;Nomenclatural Acts;Taxonomic Implications;Experimental;Synthesis;Overview;Characterization;Background;Experimental;Theories;Calculations;Model Verification;Model Implementation;Geographic location;Study Area;Geological setting;Data Collection;Field Testing;Data and Sampling;Dataset;Literature Review;Related Works;Related Work;System Model;Methods and Data;Experimental Results;Results and Analysis;Evaluation;Implementation;Case Presentation;Case Report;Search Terms;Case Description;Case Series;Background;Limitations;Additional Points;Case;Case 1;Case 2 etc.;Concern Details;Retraction Details;Copyright;Related Articles
摘要：
Beauveria bassiana is a well-known insecticidal biocontrol agent. Despite its broad field applications, its survival, colonization, and stability under field conditions remained unclear, mainly due to the lack of a quick and reliable detection method. In this study, we developed a quantitative real-time PCR technology to monitor the stability and population dynamics of B. bassiana in different substrates (water, soil, and on the cotton leaves surface), different spores of B. bassiana applied on Chinese cabbage leaves surface, and the lethality of Pieris rapae spraying with different spores of B. bassiana. Our results showed a decreased concentration of B. bassiana DNA in all three substrates from the 1(st) day till 9(th) day of post inoculation (dpi) period, possibly due to the death of B. bassiana. After this decrease, a quick and significant rebound of B. bassiana DNA concentration was observed, starting from the 11(th) dpi in all three substrates. The B. bassiana DNA concentration reached the plateau at about 13(th) dpi in water and 17(th) dpi in the soil. On cotton leaves surface, the B. bassiana DNA concentration reached the highest level at the 17(th) dpi followed by a small decline and then stabilized. This increase of DNA concentration suggested recovery of B. bassiana growth in all three substrates. We found that the most suitable killing effectiveness of P. rapae was the 1.0 × 10(7) spores/mL of B. bassiana. In summary, we have established a detection technology that allows a fast and reliable monitoring for the concentration and stability of B. bassiana under different conditions. This technology can benefit and help us in the development of proper management strategies for the application of this biocontrol agent in the field.
作者机构：
[He, Xiaogang; Li, Lanzhi; Yuan, Zheming; Zhang, Xueli; Su, Jing; Xiong, Liwen] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Hunan Engn & Technol Res Ctr Agr Big Data Anal & D, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zheng, Xingfei] Hubei Acad Agr Sci, Food Crop Inst, Hubei Key Lab Food Crop Germplasm & Genet Improvem, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Zhongli; Zheng, Xingfei] Wuhan Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Hybrid Rice, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Jiabo] Southwest Minzu Univ, Minist Educ & Sichuan Prov, Key Lab Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Anim Genet Resourc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.;[Song, Shufeng] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Hunan Hybrid Rice Res Ctr, State Key Lab Hybrid Rice, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Hu, ZL ; Zhang, ZW ] W;Wuhan Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Hybrid Rice, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Life Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
摘要：
Genetic improvement of grain quality is more challenging in hybrid rice than in inbred rice due to additional nonadditive effects such as dominance. Here, we describe a pipeline developed for joint analysis of phenotypes, effects, and generations (JPEG). As a demonstration, we analyze 12 grain quality traits of 113 inbred lines (male parents), five tester lines (female parents), and 565 (113x5) of their hybrids. We sequence the parents for single nucleotide polymorphisms calling and infer the genotypes of the hybrids. Genome-wide association studies with JPEG identify 128 loci associated with at least one of the 12 traits, including 44, 97, and 13 loci with additive effects, dominant effects, and both additive and dominant effects, respectively. These loci together explain more than 30% of the genetic variation in hybrid performance for each of the traits. The JEPG statistical pipeline can help to identify superior crosses for breeding rice hybrids with improved grain quality. Genetic dissection of hybrids is more difficult than inbreds as nonadditive effects are involved. Here, the authors report a pipeline for joint analysis of phenotypes, effects, and generations and demonstrate its usefulness in identification of loci associated with quality traits and improving predict accuracy in genomic selection of hybrid rice.
摘要：
Peanut is an economically-important oilseed crop and needs a large amount of calcium for its normal growth and development. Calcium deficiency usually leads to embryo abortion and subsequent abnormal pod development. Different tolerance to calcium deficiency has been observed between different cultivars, especially between large and small-seed cultivars. In order to figure out different molecular mechanisms in defensive responses between two cultivars, we treated a sensitive (large-seed) and a tolerant (small-seed) cultivar with different calcium levels. The transcriptome analysis identified a total of 58 and 61 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within small-seed and large-seed peanut groups under different calcium treatments, and these DEGs were entirely covered by gene modules obtained via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the blue-module genes in the large-seed cultivar were mainly enriched in plant-pathogen attack, phenolic metabolism and MAPK signaling pathway, while the green-module genes in the small-seed cultivar were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism including glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolisms. By integrating DEGs with WGCNA, a total of eight hub-DEGs were finally identified, suggesting that the large-seed cultivar concentrated more on plant defensive responses and antioxidant activities under calcium deficiency, while the small-seed cultivar mainly focused on maintaining membrane features to enable normal photosynthesis and signal transduction. The identified hub genes might give a clue for future gene validation and molecular breeding to improve peanut survivability under calcium deficiency.
摘要：
The most important physiological processes in insects are those related to reproduction and development. Ecdysone is an essential hormone in insects that controls various physiological processes, including reproduction and development. E74A, a subtype of the essential ecdysone-induced transcription factor E74, affects the reproductive systems of many insects. Uncertainty exists regarding the molecular mechanism of E74A in non-model insect reproduction processes. Using bioinformatics analysis, we determined that Chilo suppressalis E74A shared the highest homology with E74 in Ostrinia furnacalis which belongs to the ETS superfamily. By characterizing the spatiotemporal expression profile of CsE74A from different developmental stages and tissues, we found that CsE74A expression levels were highest in female pupae on the 4th day and in the head of female pupa. Knockdown of CsE74A resulted in delayed oocyte maturation and reduced yolk deposition. Additionally, the expression level of vitellogenin (Vg), beta FTZ-F1, and E93, which are associated with vitellogenesis and the ecdysone pathway, were also downregulated in the E74A silencing group. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CsE74A not only plays a critical role in the reproductive processes of C. suppressalis but may also participate in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the ecdysone pathway.
通讯机构：
[Bai, LY; Pan, L ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Cyhalofop-butyl;Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees;Molecular docking;Nontarget site resistance;RNA-Seq
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees is a troublesome weed across China in rice fields, and a suspected L. chinensis resistant population (R) that has survived the recommended field dose of cyhalofop-butyl was collected in a rice field of Hunan Province, China. In this study, we aimed to determine the acetyl-CoA carboxylase-inhibiting herbicide resistance profile of this R population and to investigate its mechanisms of resistance to cyhalofop-butyl. RESULTS: Compared with the susceptible population (S), the R population was confirmed to be 18.9-, 3.2-, 4.1-, 3.6- and 5.8- fold resistant to the APP herbicides cyhalofop-butyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, clodinafop-propargyl, metamifop and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, respectively. ACCase gene sequencing analysis revealed no known resistance mutations for TSR in the R population. Pretreatment with the glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitor 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) inhibitor malathion reversed resistance to cyhalofop-butyl. The GST gene GSTU1 and CYP450 gene CYP707A5 were constitutively upregulated in the R population according to RNA-seq analysis and RT-qPCR verification. The molecular docking results indicated a good affinity of the active site for five APP herbicides with GSTU1 and CYP707A5. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the GSTU1 and CYP707A5 genes expressed highly in the R population may be responsible for cyhalofop-butyl resistance in L. chinensis.
通讯机构：
[Zhihuai Liang] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pesticide Biology and Precise Use Technology, Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
通讯作者：
Jianping Chen<&wdkj&>Wei Li<&wdkj&>Jian Yang<&wdkj&>Jianping Chen Jianping Chen Jianping Chen<&wdkj&>Wei Li Wei Li Wei Li<&wdkj&>Jian Yang Jian Yang Jian Yang
作者机构：
[Hu, Haichao; Zhang, Tianye; Gao, Wenqing; Wang, Ziqiong; Zhong, Kaili; Yang, Jian; Liu, Peng; Chen, Jianping] Ningbo Univ, Inst Plant Virol, State Key Lab Qual & Safety Agroprod, Ningbo, Peoples R China.;[Feng, Tianyou; Yu, Lu] Guizhou Univ, Guiyang, Guizhou, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Jie] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, State Key Lab Plant Genom, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Yilin] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Meihao] Zhejiang Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Jinhua, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jianping Chen; Jian Yang; Jianping Chen Jianping Chen Jianping Chen; Jian Yang Jian Yang Jian Yang] S;[Wei Li; Wei Li Wei Li Wei Li] H;State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (VTC2) catalyses the conversion of GDP-L-galactose to L-galactose-1-P, a vital step of ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis in plants. AsA is well known for its function in the amelioration of oxidative stress caused by most pathogen infection, but its function against viral infection remains unclear. Here, we have identified a VTC2 gene in wheat named as TaVTC2 and investigated its function in association with the wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) infection. Our results showed that overexpression of TaVTC2 significantly increased viral accumulation, whereas knocking down TaVTC2 inhibited the viral infection in wheat, suggesting a positive regulation on viral infection by TaVTC2. Moreover, less AsA was produced in TaVTC2 knocking down plants (TaVTC2-RNAi) which due to the reduction in TaVTC2 expression and subsequently in TaVTC2 activity, resulting in a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in leaves. Furthermore, the enhanced WYMV resistance in TaVTC2-RNAi plants was diminished by exogenously applied AsA. We further demonstrated that WYMV NIb directly bound to TaVTC2 and inhibited TaVTC2 enzymatic activity in vitro. The effect of TaVTC2 on ROS scavenge was suppressed by NIb in a dosage-dependent manner, indicating the ROS scavenging was highly regulated by the interaction of TaVTC2 with NIb. Furthermore, TaVTC2 RNAi plants conferred broad-spectrum disease resistance. Therefore, the data indicate that TaVTC2 recruits WYMV NIb to down-regulate its own enzymatic activity, reducing AsA accumulation to elicit a burst of ROS which confers the resistance to WYMV infection. Thus, a new mechanism of the formation of plant innate immunity was proposed.
摘要：
Significance Statement Schematic illustration of the molecular basis of metabolic resistance to commonly used acetolactate synthase‐inhibiting herbicides in Beckmannia syzigachne with CYP81Q32 being the key player in the resistance evolution under regulation of a transcription factor (TGAL6). This knowledge provides insights into the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the dominance of B. syzigachne as a hard‐to‐control weed in agriculture system. Beckmannia syzigachne is a problematic weed in wheat and rapeseed cropping especially in China. Our study establishes the molecular basis of CYP81Q32‐mediated metabolic resistance to commonly used ALS‐inhibiting herbicides in B. syzigachne. Resistance evolution via CYP81Q32 was regulated by a transcription factor (TGAL6). This knowledge provides insights into the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the dominance of B. syzigachne, and how it can be a hard‐to‐control weed in agricultural systems. SUMMARY Frequent herbicide use selects for herbicide resistance in weeds. Cytochrome P450s are important detoxification enzymes responsible for herbicide resistance in plants. We identified and characterized a candidate P450 gene (BsCYP81Q32) from the problematic weed Beckmannia syzigachne to test whether it conferred metabolic resistance to the acetolactate synthase‐inhibiting herbicides mesosulfuron‐methyl, bispyribac‐sodium, and pyriminobac‐methyl. Transgenic rice overexpressing BsCYP81Q32 was resistant to the three herbicides. Equally, rice overexpressing the rice ortholog gene OsCYP81Q32 was more resistant to mesosulfuron‐methyl. Conversely, an OsCYP81Q32 gene knockout generated using CRISPR/Cas9 enhanced mesosulfuron‐methyl sensitivity in rice. Overexpression of the BsCYP81Q32 gene resulted in enhanced mesosulfuron‐methyl metabolism in transgenic rice seedlings via O‐demethylation. The major metabolite, demethylated mesosulfuron‐methyl, was chemically synthesized and displayed reduced herbicidal effect in plants. Moreover, a transcription factor (BsTGAL6) was identified and shown to bind a key region in the BsCYP81Q32 promoter for gene activation. Inhibition of BsTGAL6 expression by salicylic acid treatment in B. syzigachne plants reduced BsCYP81Q32 expression and consequently changed the whole plant response to mesosulfuron‐methyl. Sequence polymorphisms in an important region of the BsTGAL6 promoter may explain the higher expression of BsTGAL6 in resistant versus susceptible B. syzigachne plants. Collectively, the present study reveals the evolution of an herbicide‐metabolizing and resistance‐endowing P450 and its transcription regulation in an economically important weedy plant species.
摘要：
A chitosan-based nanoparticle was prepared using chitosan (CS) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMCS). Our study revealed that chitosan/O-carboxymethyl chitosan/tebuconazole nanoparticles (CS/O-CMCS/TBA NPs) exhibited superior antifungal activity, foliar adhesion, and microbial target adhesion performance compared to commercial suspension concentrate (SC). The antifungal activity of CS/O-CMCS/TBA NPs against C. gloeosporioides, with a 3.13-fold increase in efficacy over TBA (SC). We also found that low concentrations of CS/O-CMCS NPs promoted the growth of C. gloeosporioides and enhanced the fungal catabolism of chitosan. Overall, the CS/O-CMCS/TBA NPs were found to possess the remarkable capability to selectively aggregate around pathogenic microorganisms and CS/O-CMCS NPs can enhance the fungal catabolism of chitosan. CS/O-CMCS/TBA NPs, as a "sugar-coated bomb", was a promising asset for effective plant disease management and pesticide utilization through the affinity of chitosan-based nanoparticles and C. gloeosporioides, enabling targeted delivery and targeted release of their encapsulated active ingredient, which was important for the development and application of biocompatible chitosan-based nanopesticides.
通讯机构：
[Yu, H ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Biol & Control Plant Dis & Inse, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Feed quality influences insect cannibalistic behavior and gut microbial communities. In the present study, Spodoptera exigua larvae were fed six different artificial diets, and one of these diets (Diet 3) delayed larval cannibalistic behavior and reduced the cannibalism ratio after ingestion. Diet 3-fed larvae had the highest gut bacterial load (1.396 ± 0.556 × 1014 bacteria/mg gut), whereas Diet 2-fed larvae had the lowest gut bacterial load (3.076 ± 1.368 × 1012 bacteria/mg gut). The gut bacterial composition and diversity of different diet-fed S. exigua larvae varied according to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Enterobacteriaceae was specific to the Diet 3-fed larval gut. Fifteen culturable bacterial isolates were obtained from the midgut of Diet 3-fed larvae. Of these, ten belonged to Escherichia sp. After administration with Diet 1- or 2-fed S. exigua larvae, two bacterial isolates (SePC-12 and -37) delayed cannibalistic behavior in both tested larval groups. Diet 2-fed larvae had the lowest Juvenile hormone (JH) concentration and were more aggressive against intraspecific predation. However, SePC-12 loading increased the JH hormone levels in Diet 2-fed larvae and inhibited their cannibalism. Bacteria in the larval midgut are involved in the stabilization of JH levels, thereby regulating host larval cannibalistic behavior. Depending on the diet, larvae of the beet armyworm harbor Enterobacteria in their midgut which can delay host cannibalistic behavior most probably via increase of their juvenile hormone.
摘要：
A stable and specific heat shock protein 27.2 (HSP27.2) antibody was prepared and analyzed for protein level research in Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The full-length hsp27.2 was amplified from H. armigera larvae and constructed into the prokaryotic expression vector. The purified His-tag fused protein was used to immunize rabbits for the antibody preparation. Western blot analysis indicated that this antibody specifically recognized the HSP27.2 encoded by H. armigera and detected the HSP27.2 encoded by other noctuid larvae. Further analysis of HSP27.2 expression in H. armigera under infection by different pathogenic microorganisms and in different tissues showed that the expression of HSP27.2 is continually stable. The HSP27.2 antibody is efficient and capable as a reference antibody for functional studies involving genes and proteins in H. armigera and other lepidopteran insects.
通讯机构：
[Xiaobin Shi; Yong Liu] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410125, China
摘要：
Insect vectors and insect-borne plant viruses seriously endanger the safety of agricultural production. An insecticide is one of the main methods to prevent insect-borne virus transmission. However, the curious relationship between the resistance of insect vectors and arboviruses has been less studied. In this study, the effect of Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) on the insecticide resistance of Bemisia tabaci MED was studied. It was found that the detoxification cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, and carboxylesterase-related genes in ToCV-infected B. tabaci were upregulated. The activity of the three detoxification enzymes all increased at the same time, after 48 h of virus acquisition, with the activity of carboxylesterase being the most pronounced. It was found that cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase activity was the least. ToCV led to the reduced sensitivity of B. tabaci MED to pyrethroids and flupyradifurone. Therefore, it was proven that the insect-borne plant virus ToCV shows the possibility of enhancing insect-borne insecticide resistance.
通讯机构：
[Wenbing Ding] C;College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Biopesticide and Formulation Processing, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
The actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) gene family regulates changes in actin. However, the entire ADF family in the sweet orange Citrus sinensis has not been systematically identified, and their expressions in different organs and biotic stress have not been determined. In this study, through phylogenetic analysis of the sweet orange ADF gene family, seven CsADFs were found to be highly conserved and sparsely distributed across the four chromosomes. Analysis of the cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region showed that the CsADF gene had the potential to impact the development of sweet oranges under biotic or abiotic stress. Quantitative fluorescence analysis was then performed. Seven CsADFs were differentially expressed against the invasion of Xcc and CLas pathogens. It is worth noting that the expression of CsADF4 was significantly up-regulated at 4 days post-infection. Subcellular localization results showed that CsADF4 was localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Overexpression of CsADF4 enhanced the sensitivity of sweet orange leaves to Xcc. These results suggest that CsADFs may regulate the interaction of C. sinensis and bacterial pathogens, providing a way to further explore the function and mechanisms of ADF in the sweet orange.
摘要：
Germplasm identification is essential for plant breeding and conservation. In this study, we developed a new method, DT-PICS, for efficient and cost-effective SNP selection in germplasm identification. The method, based on the decision tree concept, could efficiently select the most informative SNPs for germplasm identification by recursively partitioning the dataset based on their overall high PIC values, instead of considering individual SNP features. This method reduces redundancy in SNP selection and enhances the efficiency and automation of the selection process. DT-PICS demonstrated significant advantages in both the training and testing datasets and exhibited good performance on independent prediction, which validates its effectiveness. Thirteen simplified SNP sets were extracted from 749,636 SNPs in 1135 Arabidopsis varieties resequencing datasets, including a total of 769 DT-PICS SNPs, with an average of 59 SNPs per set. Each simplified SNP set could distinguish between the 1135 Arabidopsis varieties. Simulations demonstrated that using a combination of two simplified SNP sets for identification can effectively increase the fault tolerance in independent validation. In the testing dataset, two potentially mislabeled varieties (ICE169 and Star-8) were identified. For 68 same-named varieties, the identification process achieved 94.97% accuracy and only 30 shared markers on average; for 12 different-named varieties, the germplasm to be tested could be effectively distinguished from 1,134 other varieties while grouping extremely similar varieties (Col-0) together, reflecting their actual genetic relatedness. The results suggest that the DT-PICS provides an efficient and accurate approach to SNP selection in germplasm identification and management, offering strong support for future plant breeding and conservation efforts.
通讯机构：
[Li, Youzhi] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.;National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Chlorantraniliprole is a diamide insecticide widely used in China over the last 15 years. The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, newly invaded China in 2019. The response of FAW to chlorantraniliprole deserves more attention, in the context of many destructive lepidopteran species are resistant to diamide insecticides and the patent on core chemical of chlorantraniliprole in China expired in August 2022. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study investigated the response profile in larvae under chlorantraniliprole-induced (LC(50)) stress using methods of bioassay, RNA-Seq and qPCR. We observed growth inhibition and lethal effects in FAW larvae, but at a relatively high LC(50) value compared to other several pests. Additionally, under chlorantraniliprole-induced stress, 3309 unigenes were found to be differentially expressed genes. The impacted genes included 137 encoding for detoxification enzymes, 29 encoding for cuticle proteins, and 20 key enzymes involved in the chitin metabolism, which all associated with metabolic resistance. Finally, we obtained the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of two RyR genes, which are the target proteins for chlorantraniliprole. We also investigated the causes of the high LC(50) value in our FAW, which possibly related to the stabilized 4743M on SNP frequency of RyR. These findings documented the genetic background of RyR of FAW and indicated that application of chlorantraniliprole has a high risk of controlling FAW in China. CONCLUSION: In brief, our results provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of chlorantraniliprole toxicity and detoxification in FAW, and will aid in monitoring the development of resistant strains for a newly pest to an old insecticide.
摘要：
Crystal toxins produced by different strains of entomopathogenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been characterized and widely applied as commercial biological pesticides owing to their excellent insecticidal properties. This study aimed to identify novel bacterial strains effective in controlling Spodoptera exigua Hübner, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner, and Spodoptera litura Fabricius. Fifteen culturable bacterial strains were isolated from 60 dead larvae (H. armigera and S. exigua) collected in the field. The biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequences of these strains indicated that one strain (B7) was Lysinibacillus sp., 12 strains (B1, B3, B4, B5, B6, B8, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, and DW) were Bt kurstaki, and P2-2 and B2 were Bacillus velezensis subsp. Laboratory bioassays indicated that strains B3, P6, B6, and P4 showed high toxicity to second-instar larvae of S. exigua, with LC50 values of 5.11, 6.74, 205.82, and 595.93 µg/ml, respectively; while the strains P5, B5, B6, and P6, were the most efficient against second-instar larvae of H. armigera with LC50 values of 725.82, 11,022.72, 1,282.90, 2,005.28, respectively, and strains DW, P3, P2, and B4 had high insecticidal activity against second-instar larvae of S. litura with LC50 values of 576.69, 1,660.96, 6,309.42, and 5,486.10 µg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, several Bt kurstaki strains with good toxicity potential were isolated and identified in this study. These strains are expected to be useful for biointensive integrated pest management programs to reduce the use of synthetic insecticides.
