作者机构：
[Gao, B. -D.; Xia, H.; Wang, X. -L.] Hunan Agr Univ, Key Lab Plant Dis Control & Utilizat, Hunan Prov Univ, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Gao, B. -D.] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Key Lab Plant Dis Control & Utilizat, Hunan Prov Univ, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
A new disease on globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) was observed in the springs of 2008 and 2009 and during the spring and fall seasons of 2010 in commercial fields (nearly 1,000 ha) in Changde, Hunan Province, China. Characteristic symptoms were wilting and necrosis of the outermost leaves and dark brown discoloration of the vascular tissue and pith of the stem base. Eventually, the plants wilted and died. Nearly 5, 35, and 4% (2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively) of the artichoke fields were destroyed because of the disease. Manual weeding and cuttings often led to the development of typical soft rot during propagation. To investigate the causal agent of the disease, isolations were made from rotted stems of field artichoke plants on nutrient agar (NA). Bacteria consistently isolated from the diseased tissues formed gray-white, glossy, convex, translucent, and round colonies on NA. The bacterial cells were gram-negative rods with two to eight peritrichous flagella. Ten isolates were negative for oxidase, arginine dehydrolase, H2S, gelatin liquefaction, and tryptophan ammonialyase. Isolates were positive for catalase, reduced NO3 to NO2, indole, glucuroide, galactosidase, Voges-Proskauer test, and beta-galactosidase, along with being facultatively anaerobic and insensitive to erythromycin (40 mug/ml). Negative results were obtained for utilization of maltose, gluconate, and phenylacetic acid, and positive results were obtained from arabinose, glucose, mannose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, mannitol, and sodium citrate for all isolates. Acid was produced from glucose, inositol, rhamnose, melibiose, arabinose, mannitol, sucrose, and amarogentin. All test results were similar to reference strain PCC1000 (GenBank Accession No. JF721959) of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. These isolates could also cause soft rot of Chinese cabbage stem, carrot slice, pepper, lettuce and artichoke stems, and tomato and potato slices within 48 h at 28 degrees C in an artificial inoculation test (3). PCR amplification was carried out by utilizing universal 16S rDNA primer pair 16SF/16SR and pel gene primers Y1/Y2 (1). The 16S rDNA and pel gene sequences of isolate HNXDT002 (GenBank Accession Nos. JF721958 and JF721960, respectively) had 99 and 93% nucleotide identity with strains of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (GenBank Accession Nos. U80197 and CP001657, respectively). Pathogenicity was confirmed by needle-stab inoculation (1 x 10(8) CFU/ml) at the stem on three healthy artichoke plants held at 28 degrees C for 48 h. Sterile distilled water was used as a negative control. Within 72 h after inoculation, water-soaking and soft-rot symptoms were observed on all inoculated artichoke plants, while controls remained healthy. The bacterium was recovered only from rotted stems of inoculated plants. In recent years, P. carotovorum was reported on such plants as Pinellia ternata (4) and Chinese cabbage (2) in China. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bacterial rot disease caused by P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum on artichoke in China. References: (1) D. J. Brenner et al. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Vol. 2. Springer, NY, 2005. (2)Y. Fang et al. Acta Microbiol. Sinica 44:136, 2004. (3) H. Yi-Bo et al. Acta Phytopathol. Sinica 37:338, 2007. (4) F. X. Ying et al. Plant Dis. 91:1359, 2007.
通讯机构：
Institute of Forestry Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration, China
期刊：
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,2011年138(1):48-54 ISSN：0013-8703
通讯作者：
Fang-Hao Wan
作者机构：
[Fang-Hao Wan] State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China;Contributed equally to this manuscript;College of Bio-Safety Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;[Zhong-Shi Zhou; Jian-Ying Guo] State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China<&wdkj&>Contributed equally to this manuscript;[Wei Guo] State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China<&wdkj&>College of Bio-Safety Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
通讯机构：
[Fang-Hao Wan] S;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
作者机构：
[成小文; 黄国华] College of Bio-safety Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University
会议名称：
害虫天敌的大量繁殖与商品化国际研讨会
会议时间：
2011-10-01
会议地点：
北京
会议论文集名称：
害虫天敌的大量繁殖与商品化国际研讨会论文集
关键词：
hymenopteran ascovirus;coleopteran ascovirus;hemolymph color;fat body cell cleavage;fat body droplet
摘要：
Insect specific ascoviruses have a circular DNA genome in the range of 119-186 kbp.They are only recently discovered due to no discernable symptom of insects infected with ascovirus.Since ascoviruses are transmitted by parasitic wasps in the field,extensive applications of broad spectrum chemical insecticides reduce the populations of wasps thus lead to scarcity of ascovirus in the environment.Ascoviruses were firstly discovered in noctuid larvae in the South East and West coast of the US in the late 80’s.However,in the 70’s,ascovirus-like particles were also reported in fire-ants(Hymenoptera) and alfalfa weevil(Coleoptera).Furthermore,ascovirus was discovered in the larvae of Diadromus pulchellus of Hymenoptera in southern France of Europe.These data suggest that ascoviruses might exist in different orders of insects such as Lepidoptera,Hymenoptera and Coleoptera,and have a global distribution.This is supported by the fact that ascoviruses have been reported in Australia,Indonesia,France,and USA.Interestingly,no ascovirus has been reported in large countries such as China,India or all of Africa.Efforts are needed to isolate more ascovirus in countries such as China and India and within the continent of Africa to confirm its world distribution,coevolution with insects,and the ecological significance in agriculture and natural environments.
摘要：
An allele of the cytochrome P450 gene, CYP6AE14, named CYP6AE25 (GenBank accession no. EU807990) was isolated from the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by RT-PCR. The cDNA sequence of CYP6AE25 is 2315 bp in length and contains a 1569 nucleotides open reading frame encoding a putative protein with 523 amino acid residues and a predicted molecular weight of 59.95 kDa and a theoretical pI of 8.31. The putative protein contains the classic heme-binding sequence motif F××G×××C×G (residues 451-460) conserved among all P450 enzymes as well as other characteristic motifs of all cytochrome P450s. It shares 52% identity with the previously published sequence of CYP6AE14 (GenBank accession no. DQ986461) from Helicoverpa armigera. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences from members of various P450 families indicated that CYP6AE25 has a closer phylogenetic relationship with CYP6AE14 and CYP6B1 that are related to metabolism of plant allelochemicals, CYP6D1 which is related to pyrethroid resistance and has a more distant relationship to CYP302A1 and CYP307A1 which are related to synthesis of the insect molting hormones. The expression level of the gene in the adults and immature stages of O. furnacalis by quantitative real-time PCR revealed that CYP6AE25 was expressed in all life stages investigated. The mRNA expression level in 3rd instar larvae was 12.8- and 2.97-fold higher than those in pupae and adults, respectively. The tissue specific expression level of CYP6AE25 was in the order of midgut, malpighian tube and fatty body from high to low but was absent in ovary and brain. The analysis of the CYP6AE25 gene using bioinformatic software is discussed.
作者机构：
[李有志; 刘仲华] Hunan Agricultural University;[李求清] College of Bio-Safety Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University;[符伟] Hunan Plant Protection Institute
摘要：
With environmental and food safety issues becoming one of the greatest concerns of the public, active plant compounds play more and more important roles in pest controlling. Fern are of great significance for application as new pesticides due to their particular status in plant taxology and co-evolution with insects. In this study, methanol extracts were distilled from wild fern and gymnosperm of 54 species of 22 families collected from Shiwandashan Mountain in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. Insecticidal activities of the methanol extracts were assayed on both adult house fly (Musca domestica) and mosquito (Aedes albopictus). Significant insecticidal activities were exhibited in the methanol extracts of five species, Cupressus funebris (leaves and stems), Cycas acuminatissima (roots), Keteleeria fortunei (leaves and stems), Onychium japonicum (whole plant), and Pinus taiwanensis var. Daming shanensis (leaves and stems). Applications of the extracts of these plants resulted in higher than 50% mortalities in 4th instar larvae of A. albopictus at 24 h after treatment. The methanol extracts from 13 species possessed insecticidal activities against the adult of M. domestica at 48 h after treatment with higher than 90% mortalities. The extensive screening results showed that these fern and gymnosperm were highly potential to be botanical insecticides. The findings provide a feasible and valuable basis for further investigation.
作者机构：
[Chen, Lusheng] Shihezi Univ, Dept Forestry, Coll Agr, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Min] S China Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Guohua] Hunan Agr Univ, Inst Entomol, Coll Biosafety Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Min] S;S China Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Lepidoptera;Notodontidae;Ptilophora;new species
摘要：
The genus Ptilophora Stephens in China is briefly reviewed, with the description of Ptilophora nanlingensissp. n. The new species is most similar to Ptilophora horieaurea in wing pattern and to Ptilophora jezoensis in male genitalia, but they can be distinguished from each other by the following characters: forewing bright reddish brown in Ptilophora nanlingensis, chestnut brown in Ptilophora horieaurea; costa of male genitalia pointed, with a rounded subapical process ventrally in Ptilophora jezoensis, costa rounded, with apex inflated, and with pointed subapical process ventrally in Ptilophora nanlingensis. A key to the Ptilophora species from China and adjacent areas is presented and a distribution map is given. The holotype of the new species is deposited in the Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, P. R. China.
摘要：
A series of new chiral phosphine-phosphoramidite ligands with a 3,3′-substituted binaphthyl moiety were prepared from 1-phenylethylamine, and successfully applied in the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of β-(acylamino)acrylates. The research disclosed that the substituents on the 3,3′-positions of binaphthyl moiety significantly influenced the enantioselectivity.
通讯机构：
[Bai, Lian-Yang] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Pesticide Res Inst, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The purpose of this study was to develop a sensitive and low-cost optical sensor for screening pymetrozine using unmodified gold nanoparticles (G NPs). The presence of pymetrozine could rapidly induce the aggregation of G NPs, thereby resulting in red to deep blue colour change. The concentration of pymetrozine was determined with a limit of detection lower than 1×10
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M by the naked eye and was further easily monitored by a UV-vis spectrometer. The highest selectivity was achieved in comparison with other 11 pesticides and the possible underlying mechanism was investigated in detail by the simultaneous addition of glutathione and pymetrozine in G NPs solution.
