Study on nitrogen load reduction efficiency of agricultural conservation management in a small agricultural watershed
作者：
Liu, Xiaoli;Chen, Qiuwen* ;Zeng, Zhaoxia
期刊：
Water Science and Technology ,2014年69(8):1689-1696 ISSN：0273-1223
通讯作者：
Chen, Qiuwen
作者机构：
[Liu, Xiaoli; Chen, Qiuwen] Chinese Acad Sci, RCEES, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Xiaoli] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Qiuwen] Nanjing Hydraul Res Inst, CEER, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;[Zeng, Zhaoxia] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Qiuwen] C;Chinese Acad Sci, RCEES, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
关键词：
agricultural conservation management;agricultural watershed;nitrogen non-point source load
摘要：
Different crops can generate different non-point source (NPS) loads because of their spatial topography heterogeneity and variable fertilization application rates. The objective of this study was to assess nitrogen NPS load reduction efficiency by spatially adjusting crop plantings as an agricultural conservation management (ACM) measure in a typical small agricultural watershed in the black soil region in northeast China. The assessment was undertaken using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Results showed that lowland crops produce higher nitrogen NPS loads than those in highlands. It was also found that corn gave a comparatively larger NPS load than soybeans due to its larger fertilization demand. The ACM assessed was the conversion of lowland corn crops into soybean crops and highland soybean crops into corn crops. The verified SWAT model was used to evaluate the impact of the ACM action on nitrogen loads. The results revealed that the ACM could reduce NO3-N and total nitrogen loads by 9.5 and 10.7%, respectively, without changing the area of crops. Spatially optimized regulation of crop planting according to fertilizer demand and geological landscapes can effectively decrease NPS nitrogen exports from agricultural watersheds.
语种：
英文
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Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculation shapes the indigenous fungal communities during agricultural waste composting
作者：
Zhang, Jiachao;Zeng, Guangming* ;Chen, Yaoning;Liang, Jie;Zhang, Chang;...
期刊：
Biodegradation ,2014年25(5):669-680 ISSN：0923-9820
通讯作者：
Zeng, Guangming
作者机构：
[Zhang, Jiachao; Huang, Hongli] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Yaoning; Chen, Ming; Zeng, Guangming; Zhu, Yi; Liang, Jie; Zhang, Chang; Huang, Binbin] Hunan Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Yaoning; Chen, Ming; Zeng, Guangming; Zhu, Yi; Liang, Jie; Zhang, Chang; Huang, Binbin] Hunan Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Environm Biol & Pollut Control, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Weimin] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.;[Yu, Man] Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Environm Resources & Soil Fertilizer Inst, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zeng, Guangming] H;Hunan Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Composting;Phanerochaete chrysosporium;Inoculation;Lignocellulose biodegradation;Indigenous fungal community;Redundancy analysis
摘要：
Inoculation with exogenous white-rot fungi has been proven to be an efficient method to promote lignocellulose biodegradation during agricultural waste composting. Indigenous fungal communities, the most important organisms responsible for mineralization and decomposition of lignocellulosic materials in composts, can be affected by sample properties and other biotic factors. This research was conducted to determine the effects of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculation on the indigenous fungal communities during agricultural waste composting. Fungal communities in samples with different inoculation regimes were investigated by sequencing and quantitative PCR. Results showed that P. chrysosporium inoculants produced significant negative effects on the indigenous fungal community abundance during the thermophilic stage. Samples inoculated during Phase II contained higher proportion of Acremonium chrysogenum and Galactomyces geotrichum, while those non-inoculated samples were dominated by Coprinopsis cinerea and Scytalidium thermophilum. Moreover, the indigenous fungal community abundance was significantly correlated with the C/N ratio, water soluble carbon and moisture content (P < 0.05). Redundancy analysis indicated that the most variation in distribution of indigenous fungal community structure was statistically explained by nitrate, C/N ratio, and moisture content, factors which solely explained 29.6 % (F = 30.316, P = 0.002), 25.6 % (F = 26.191, P = 0.002) and 10.0 % (F = 10.249, P = 0.002) of the variation in the indigenous fungal community structure, respectively. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
语种：
英文
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Lead in rice: Analysis of baseline lead levels in market and field collected rice grains
作者：
Norton, Gareth J.* ;Williams, Paul N.;Adomako, Eureka E.;Price, Adam H.;Zhu, Yongguan;...
期刊：
Science of The Total Environment ,2014年485-486(1):428-434 ISSN：0048-9697
通讯作者：
Norton, Gareth J.
作者机构：
[Price, Adam H.; Villada, Antia; Sommella, Alessia; Norton, Gareth J.; Deacon, Claire M.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland.;[Williams, Paul N.; Meharg, Andrew A.] Queens Univ Belfast, Inst Global Food Secur, Belfast BT9 5BN, Antrim, North Ireland.;[Adomako, Eureka E.] Univ Ghana, Dept Bot, Legon, Accra, Ghana.;[Zhu, Yongguan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Urban Environm, Key Lab Urban Environm & Hlth, Xiamen, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Fang-Jie] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Norton, Gareth J.] U;Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Cruickshank Bldg,St Machar Dr, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland.
关键词：
Genetic variation;Lead;Market survey;Rice;Risk assessment
摘要：
In a large scale survey of rice grains from markets (13 countries) and fields (6 countries), a total of 1578 rice grain samples were analysed for lead. From the market collected samples, only 0.6% of the samples exceeded the Chinese and EU limit of 0.2 mu g g(-1) lead in rice (when excluding samples collected from known contaminated/mine impacted regions). When evaluating the rice grain samples against the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) provisional total tolerable intake (PTTI) values for children and pregnant women, it was found that only people consuming large quantities of rice were at risk of exceeding the MI from rice alone. Furthermore, 6 field experiments were conducted to evaluate the proportion of the variation in lead concentration in rice grains due to genetics. A total of 4 of the 6 field experiments had significant differences between genotypes, but when the genotypes common across all six field sites were assessed, only 4% of the variation was explained by genotype, with 9.5% and 11% of the variation explained by the environment and genotype by environment interaction respectively. Further work is needed to identify the sources of lead contamination in rice, with detailed information obtained on the locations and environments where the rice is sampled, so that specific risk assessments can be performed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
语种：
英文
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废旧电器拆解区河流沉积物中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的污染特征与生态风险
作者：
陈宣宇;薛南冬;张石磊;李发生;龚道新;...
期刊：
环境科学 ,2014年35(10):3731-3739 ISSN：0250-3301
作者机构：
湖南农业大学资源环境学院;[陈宣宇; 张石磊; 孟磊; 薛南冬; 刘博; 李发生] 中国环境科学研究院;[龚道新] 湖南农业大学
关键词：
多溴联苯醚;沉积物;生态风险评价;污染特征;废旧电器拆解区
摘要：
在流经某废旧电器拆解区域的河段中采集沉积物样品,研究了该区域河流中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的污染特征和生态风险. 结果表明,在所有沉积物样品中PBDEs含量在101~20400 ng·g~(-1)之间,平均浓度为3700 ng·g~(-1),其中主要单体为BDE209,在23个样品中的平均比例达到94%以上; 在河流中分布呈现出上游和下游低,中游高,而下游平均浓度比上游高的趋势,在拆解园区附近浓度达到最高; 与其它地区相比,该地区PBDEs污染相对较为严重; 废旧电器的拆解是该区域沉积物中PBDEs污染主要来源. 经测算,当地近40年的拆解活动中共向该河流中排放了多溴联苯醚0.39 t,其中BDE209为0.36 t; 采用危害商数法对沉积物中PBDEs进行了初步的生态风险评估,结果表明,该河流沉积物中OctaBDEs和DecaBDEs生态风险较低,而PentaBDEs则风险较高,可能对环境造成危害.
语种：
中文
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Sporadic distribution and distinctive variations of cylindrospermopsin genes in cyanobacterial strains and environmental samples from Chinese freshwater bodies
作者：
Jiang, Yongguang;Xiao, Peng;Yu, Gongliang;Shao, Jihai;Liu, Deming;...
期刊：
Applied and Environmental Microbiology ,2014年80(17):5219-5230 ISSN：0099-2240
通讯作者：
Li, Renhui
作者机构：
[Xiao, Peng; Yu, Gongliang; Li, Renhui; Jiang, Yongguang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Key Lab Algal Biol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, Peng; Jiang, Yongguang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Shao, Jihai] Hunan Agr Univ, Resources & Environm Coll, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Deming] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Crop Germplasm Innovat & Utili, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Azevedo, Sandra M. F. O.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
通讯机构：
[Li, Renhui] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Key Lab Algal Biol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Increasing reports of cylindrospermopsins (CYNs) in freshwater ecosystems have promoted the demand for identifying all of the potential CYN-producing cyanobacterial species. The present study explored the phylogenetic distribution and evolution of cyr genes in cyanobacterial strains and water samples from China. Four Cylindrospermopsis strains and two Raphidiopsis strains were confirmed to produce CYNs. Mutant cyrI and cyrK genes were observed in these strains. Cloned cyr gene sequences from eight water bodies were clustered with cyr genes from Cylindrospermopsis and Raphidiopsis (C/R group) in the phylogenetic trees with high similarities (99%). Four cyrI sequence types and three cyrJ sequence types were observed to have different sequence insertions and repeats. Phylogenetic analysis of the rpoC1 sequences of the C/R group revealed four conserved clades, namely, clade I, clade II, clade III, and clade V. High sequence similarities (>97%) in each clade and a divergent clade IV were observed. Therefore, CYN producers were sporadically distributed in congeneric and paraphyletic C/R group species in Chinese freshwater ecosystems. In the evolution of cyr genes, intragenomic translocations and intergenomic transfer between local Cylindrospermopsis and Raphidiopsis were emphasized and probably mediated by transposases. This research confirms the existence of CYN-producing Cylindrospermopsis in China and reveals the distinctive variations of cyr genes. © 2014, American Society for Microbiology.
语种：
英文
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Iron improving bio-char derived from microalgae on removal of tetracycline from aqueous system
作者：
Peng, Liang* ;Ren, Yanqing;Gu, Jidong;Qin, Pufeng;Zeng, Qingru;...
期刊：
Environmental Science and Pollution Research ,2014年21(12):7631-7640 ISSN：0944-1344
通讯作者：
Peng, Liang
作者机构：
[Peng, Liang; Ren, Yanqing; Qin, Pufeng; Shao, Jihai; Gu, Jidong; Zeng, Qingru; Lei, Ming] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Liang; Chai, Liyuan] Cent S Univ, Sch Met Sci & Technol, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Peng, Liang] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Iron;Bio-char;Tetracycline;Adsorption capacity
摘要：
Novel magnetic carbonaceous bio-char was hydrothermal prepared from microalgae under different loadings of iron and its structures and surface chemistry were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm (BET). The morphology of bio-char changed from sheet to particle as iron loading increased and its surface area also increased. When 3.0 g of dried microalgae and 6.0 mmol iron salt ((NH4)2SO4·FeSO4·6H2O) were mixed and treated, the obtained bio-char possessing the highest amount of oxygen-containing functional groups resulted in the best adsorption performance on tetracycline (TC). This adsorption process was fitted to Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity was 95.86 mg/g, which is higher than other bio-char reported. The iron loading contributed to the higher adsorption capacity of bio-char, which may be due to three factors, the high surface area, more hydrogen bonding, and bridging effects of the structural Fe for TC. Our data suggest that bio-char may have more important role in stabilization of pollutants in the environment. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
语种：
英文
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Virtual medical plant modeling based on L-system
作者：
Ding, Dehong;Fang, Kui* ;Jing, Song;Bo, Liu;Bo, Qiao;...
期刊：
AFRICAN HEALTH SCIENCES ,2014年14(4):1056-1062 ISSN：1680-6905
通讯作者：
Fang, Kui
作者机构：
[Fang, Kui; Bo, Liu; Bo, Qiao; Ding, Dehong; Jing, Song] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Ding, Dehong] HeZhou Univ, Coll Comp Sci & Informat Technol, Hezhou 542800, Peoples R China.;[Yu, Hexing] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Fang, Kui] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Drug R&D;L-system;fractals;medical plants;quasi binary-trees;toxicity
摘要：
Background: Searching the drug molecules from the medicinal plants become more and more popular given that herbalcomponents have been widely considered to be safe.In medical virtual plant studies, development rules are difficult to be extracted, the construction of plant organs is highlydependent on equipment and the process is complicated.Aim: To establish three-dimensional structural virtual plant growth model.Methods: The quasi-binary tree structure and its properties were obtained through the research of theory on binary tree,then the relationship between quasi-binary tree structure and plant three-dimensional branching structure model was analyzed,and the three-dimensional morphology of plants was described.Results: A three-dimensional plant branch structure pattern extracting algorithm based on quasi-binary tree structure. Byusing 3-D L-system method, the extracted rules were systematized, and standardized. Further more, we built a comprehensiveL-model system. With the aid of graphics and PlantVR, we implemented the plant shape and 3-D structure’s reconstruction.Conclusion: Three-dimensional structure virtual plant growth model based on time- controlled L-system has been successfullyestablished.Keywords: Drug R&D, toxicity, medical plants, fractals; L-system; quasi binary-trees.
语种：
英文
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施硅方式对稻米镉阻隔潜力研究
作者：
陈喆;铁柏清;雷鸣;刘孝利;叶长城;...
期刊：
环境科学 ,2014年35(7):2762-2770 ISSN：0250-3301
作者机构：
[陈喆; 铁柏清; 雷鸣; 刘孝利; 叶长城; 罗梅梅; 毛懿德] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院
关键词：
植物阻隔;Cd污染;水稻;硅肥;施肥方式
摘要：
选取重金属复合污染荒田土壤,采用室外水稻盆栽试验的方法,设计了4个施硅措施:不施用硅肥(CK)、 基施硅肥(Tsi)、 喷施叶面硅肥(Ysi)和2种硅肥配施(Tsi+Ysi),研究了硅肥不同施肥方式对杂交晚稻(丰源优299)5个生育期内各部位中Cd的含量、 器官间转运系数以及对水稻成熟期生物量的影响. 结果表明,与CK处理相比,硅肥施肥处理组都能显著降低水稻籽粒中Cd的含量且不会明显影响水稻产量,其中以2种硅肥配施对籽粒的降Cd效果最佳,分别使谷壳、 糙米和精米降Cd幅度达到62.59%、 58.33%和65.83%,基施硅肥处理和喷施叶面硅肥处理的降Cd潜力次之. 因此,研究结果表明无论是基施硅肥还是喷施叶面硅肥都能作为一种很有潜力的稻米Cd污染控制技术.
语种：
中文
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Modification of cyanobacterial bloom-derived biomass using potassium permanganate enhanced the removal of microcystins and adsorption capacity toward cadmium (II)
作者：
Shao, Jihai;Gu, Ji-Dong;Peng, Liang;Luo, Si;Luo, Huili;...
期刊：
Journal of Hazardous Materials ,2014年272:83-88 ISSN：0304-3894
通讯作者：
Yan, Zhiyong
作者机构：
[Luo, Si; Peng, Liang; Shao, Jihai; Yan, Zhiyong; Luo, Huili; Wu, Genyi] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Shao, Jihai; Gu, Ji-Dong] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Farmland Pollut Control & Agr, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Gu, Ji-Dong] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Lab Environm Microbiol & Toxicol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yan, Zhiyong] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Adsorption;Cadmium;Cyanobacterial biomass;Cyanobacterial bloom;Manganese dioxide;Microcystins
摘要：
Cyanobacterial biomass shows high adsorption capacity toward heavy metal ions. However, the cyanotoxins in the cyanobacterial biomass inhibit its application in heavy metals removal. In order to safely and effectively remove Cd(II) from water using cyanobacterial bloom-derived biomass (CBDB), KMnO<inf>4</inf> was used to modify CBDB. The results indicated that the microcystins in the CBDB were successfully removed by KMnO<inf>4</inf>. Potassium permanganate oxidation caused the transformation of hydroxyl to carboxyl on the CBDB, and formed manganese dioxide on the surface of CBDB. The oxidized CBDB showed higher adsorption capacity toward Cd(II) than that of unoxidized treatment. The optimal KMnO<inf>4</inf> concentration for increasing the adsorption capacity of CBDB toward Cd(II) was 0.2g/L. The adsorption isotherm of Cd(II) by oxidized- or unoxidized-CBDB was well fitted by Langmuir model, indicating that the adsorption of Cd(II) by CBDB was monolayer adsorption. The desorption ratio of Cd(II) from oxidized CBDB was higher than that from unoxidized CBDB in the desorption process using NH<inf>4</inf>NO<inf>3</inf> and EDTA as desorbent. The results presented in this study suggest that KMnO<inf>4</inf> modified CBDB may be used as a safe and high efficient adsorbent in Cd(II) removal from water. ©2014 Elsevier B.V.
语种：
英文
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硫脲对酸性红壤pH值与金属元素有效性的影晌
作者：
杨波;王文;曾清如;周细红
期刊：
环境科学 ,2014年35(3):1119-1124 ISSN：0250-3301
作者机构：
三亚学院理工学院,三亚,572022;湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙,410128
关键词：
硫脲;尿素;酸性红壤;金属离子;有效态
摘要：
通过实验室模拟,研究了不同浓度硫脲与尿素配施后,对酸性红壤的PH值及其金属元素有效性的影响.结果表明,土壤施加尿素后,其PH值有先升高后逐渐下降的趋势,而硫脲与尿素配施后,其PH值的下降趋势会受到抑制,尤其是当硫脲浓度达到5.0 mmol?kg~(-1))时,土壤pH由最初的4. 65上升到6. 50以上,并在实验的中后期一直维持在6. 0以上.硫脲和尿素配施后,Cu的有效态含量受硫脲浓度的影响较小,Zn、Al的有效态含量随着硫脲浓度的升高而降低,Mn的有效态含量在高浓度硫脲下,其含量保持在一个较高的水平,达到110 mg-kg~(-1))以上.对于Cu、Zn和Al来说,在不同浓度硫脲和尿素配施后,其有效态含量与土壤的PH值呈现出明显的负相关.而对于Mn来说,在单施尿素的情况下,其有效态含量与土壤的pH值呈现出负相关,而在施入硫脲后,其有效态含量与土壤PH并没有呈现出明显的规律性.同时,研究结果还表明酸性红壤A1有效性随着土壤pH的升高而减小,当硫脲与尿素配合使用时,短期内土壤pH上升得更高,从而使得酸性红壤中A1的有效性减小.在硫脲和尿素配施后,土壤中Mn的有效态含量并不简单地取决于土壤的pH值,由于硫脲对Mn的络合作用和氧化还原作用,其含量受到土壤pH值和硫脲的共同影响.
语种：
中文
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Nitrite reductase genes as functional markers to investigate diversity of denitrifying bacteria during agricultural waste composting
作者：
Chen, Yaoning* ;Zhou, Wei;Li, Yuanping;Zhang, Jiachao;Zeng, Guangming;...
期刊：
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,2014年98(9):4233-4243 ISSN：0175-7598
通讯作者：
Chen, Yaoning
作者机构：
[Chen, Yaoning; Huang, Aizhi; Zeng, Guangming; Huang, Jingxia; Zhou, Wei; Li, Yuanping] Hunan Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Yaoning; Huang, Aizhi; Zeng, Guangming; Huang, Jingxia; Zhou, Wei; Li, Yuanping] Hunan Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Environm Biol & Pollut Control, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Yuanping] Hunan City Univ, Coll Chem & Environm Engn, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Jiachao] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Yaoning] H;Hunan Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Composting;PCR-DGGE;Denitrifying bacteria;RDA;Phylogenetic analysis
摘要：
The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity of denitrifier community during agricultural waste composting. The diversity and dynamics of the denitrifying genes (nirK and nirS) were determined using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Relationships between physico-chemical parameters and denitrifying genes structures were simultaneously evaluated by redundancy analysis (RDA). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that nirK clones grouped into six clusters and nirS clones into two major clusters, respectively. The results showed a very high diversity of nir gene sequences within composting samples. RDA showed that the nirK and nirS gene structures were significantly related to pH and pile temperature (P < 0.05). Significant amounts of the variation (49.2 and 38.3 % for nirK and nirS genes, respectively) were explained by pH and pile temperature, suggesting that those two parameters were the most likely ones to influence, or be influenced by the denitrifiers harboring nirK and nirS genes. © 2014 Springer-Verlag.
语种：
英文
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长期不同施肥下水稻产量及土壤有机质和氮素养分的变化特征
作者：
黄晶;高菊生;张杨珠;秦道珠;徐明岗
期刊：
应用生态学报 ,2013年24(7):1889-1894 ISSN：1001-9332
通讯作者：
Gao, J.-S.
作者机构：
[张杨珠] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[徐明岗] Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China;Red Soil Experimental Station in Hengyang, Chinese Acad of Agric Sci/National Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, Qiyang 426182, Hunan, China;[高菊生; 秦道珠] Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China, Red Soil Experimental Station in Hengyang, Chinese Acad of Agric Sci/National Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, Qiyang 426182, Hunan, China;[黄晶] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China, Red Soil Experimental Station in Hengyang, Chinese Acad of Agric Sci/National Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, Qiyang 426182, Hunan, China
通讯机构：
[Gao, J.-S.] I;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, , Beijing 100081, China
关键词：
长期施肥;水稻产量;土壤有机质;土壤氮素;动态变化
摘要：
利用开始于1982年的湖南祁阳官山坪水稻长期(1982-2010年)定位试验,研究不同施肥条件下水稻产量及土壤有机质、氮素养分的动态变化特征,试验设置NPK、NPKM(M为牛粪)、 NPM、NKM、PKM、M和CK等7个处理.28年长期不同施肥处理结果表明:肥料的施用均能提高土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量和水稻产量.氮、磷、钾化肥+有机肥(NPKM)处理的水稻产量一直保持最高水平,氮、磷、钾化肥(NPK)处理随着试验年限的延长呈下降趋势,其水稻产量逐渐低于其他施肥处理.单施有机肥或有机无机肥配施各处理土壤有机质含量在试验开始后的前16年有一个快速增加的过程,之后略有下降,然后仍保持增长趋势;NPK化肥处理土壤有机质含量仅在试验开始后的前8年增加较快,之后在一个相对稳定的范围内波动.各施肥处理在试验开始后的前8年内土壤全氮含量均呈快速积累趋势,以NPKM处理增幅最大.各施肥处理土壤碱解氮含量在试验开始后的前12年增加较慢,平均每年增加0.66~2.25 mg·kg~(-1),1994-1998年增加较快,平均每年增加6.45~32.45 mg·kg~(-1);1998年之后,各施肥处理土壤碱解氮含量均略有下降,其中,有机无机肥配施处理增加较快,单施化肥处理增加较慢.表明有机肥的施用是红壤性水稻土有机质和氮素营养水平稳定提升的关键措施,是红壤稻田土壤可持续利用的重要保障.
语种：
中文
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China action of “Cleanup Plan for Polychlorinated Biphenyls Burial Sites”: Emissions during excavation and thermal desorption of a capacitor-burial site
作者：
Yang, Bing;Zhou, Lingli;Xue, Nandong;Li, Fasheng* ;Wu, Guanglong;...
期刊：
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ,2013年96:231-237 ISSN：0147-6513
通讯作者：
Li, Fasheng
作者机构：
[Xue, Nandong; Li, Fasheng; Liu, Bo; Yang, Bing; Zhou, Lingli; Yan, Yunzhong] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Criteria & Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China.;[Ding, Qiong; Wu, Guanglong] Minist Environm Protect, Foreign Econ Cooperat Off, Beijing 100035, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Bo] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm & Recourses, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, Fasheng] C;Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Criteria & Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Capacitor;Emission;Excavation;Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs);Scenario
摘要：
Scarce data are available so far on emissions in a given scenario for excavation and thermal desorption, a common practice, of soils contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). As part of China action of "Cleanup Plan for PCBs Burial Sites", this study roughly estimated PCBs emissions in the scenario for a capacitor-burial site. The concentrations of total PCBs (22 congeners) in soils were in the range of 2.1-16,000. μg/g with a mean of 2300. μg/g, among the same order of magnitude as the highest values obtained in various PCBs-contaminated sites. Only six congeners belonging to Di-, Tri-, and Tetra-CBs were observed above limits of detection in air samples in the scenario, partially which can be estimated by the USEPA air emission model. Comparing concentrations and composition profiles of PCBs in the soil and air samples further indicated a leaked source of commercial PCBs formulations of trichlorobiphenyl (China PCB no. 1). The measures taken if any to mitigate the volatilization and movement of PCBs and to minimize worker exposure were discussed for improvements of the excavation practice. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.
语种：
英文
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生态沟渠底泥属性与磷吸附特性研究
作者：
张树楠;贾兆月;肖润林;杨凤飞;余红兵;...
期刊：
环境科学 ,2013年34(3):1101-1106 ISSN：0250-3301
作者机构：
[张树楠; 肖润林; 刘锋; 吴金水] 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所;[贾兆月] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院;[杨凤飞] 湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院;[余红兵] 湖南农业大学农学院
关键词：
水生植物;底泥;生态沟渠;磷;吸附
摘要：
对种植水生植物铜钱草、黑三棱的生态沟渠和有杂草生长的自然沟渠中0~5 cm和5~15 cm底泥属性及磷吸附特性进行比较研究.结果表明,铜钱草0~5 cm底泥中草酸提取态铁、铝和磷含量均高于自然杂草和黑三棱段底泥.Freudlich和Langmiur方程拟合吸附数据得出:试验底泥的吸附、解吸平衡时磷浓度(EPC_0)在0.009~0.031 mg·L~(-1)范围;铜钱草0~5 cm底泥的K_f和S_(max)值最大,分别为352.2 L.kg~(-1)、562.7 mg·kg~(-1),表明该底泥样对磷的吸附能力最强.回归分析得出磷吸附参数与底泥属性有显著的相关性(P<0.05),主要受草酸提取态铁、黏粒含量、磷饱和度的影响.可见,水生植物对底泥属性及磷吸附能力都有影响,在生态沟渠中优选植物种植能降低面源污染中磷流失风险.
语种：
中文
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An arsenic-contaminated field trial to assess the uptake and translocation of arsenic by genotypes of rice
作者：
Lei, Ming;Tie, Baiqing;Zeng, Min;Qing, Pufeng;Song, Zhengguo;...
期刊：
Environmental Geochemistry and Health ,2013年35(3):379-390 ISSN：0269-4042
通讯作者：
Huang, Yizong
作者机构：
[Tie, Baiqing; Lei, Ming; Qing, Pufeng] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Lei, Ming; Williams, Paul N.; Huang, Yizong] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.;[Zeng, Min] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Forestry, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Song, Zhengguo] Minist Agr, Key Lab Prod Environm & Agroprod Safety, Tianjin Key Lab Agroenvironm & Food Safety, Tianjin 300191, Peoples R China.;[Williams, Paul N.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England.
通讯机构：
[Huang, Yizong] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Arsenic;Inorganic As;Genotypes of rice;Contaminated field;Translocation;Health risk assessment
摘要：
Compared to other cereals, rice has particular strong As accumulation. Therefore, it is very important to understand As uptake and translocation among different genotypes. A field study in Chenzhou city, Hunan province of China, was employed to evaluate the effect of arsenic-contaminated soil on uptake and distribution in 34 genotypes of rice (including unpolished rice, husk, shoot, and root). The soil As concentrations ranged from 52.49 to 83.86 mg kg-1, with mean As concentration 64.44 mg kg-1. The mean As concentrations in rice plant tissues were different among the 34 rice genotypes. The highest As concentrations were accumulated in rice root (196.27-385.98 mg kg-1 dry weight), while the lowest was in unpolished rice (0.31-0.52 mg kg-1 dry weight). The distribution of As in rice tissue and paddy soil are as follows root ≫ soil > shoot > husk > unpolished rice. The ranges of concentrations of inorganic As in all of unpolished rice were from 0.26 to 0.52 mg kg-1 dry weight. In particular, the percentage of inorganic As in the total As was more than 67 %, indicating that the inorganic As was the predominant species in unpolished rice. The daily dietary intakes of inorganic As in unpolished rice ranged from 0.10 to 0.21 mg for an adult, and from 0.075 to 0.15 mg for a child. Comparison with tolerable daily intakes established by FAO/WHO, inorganic As in most of unpolished rice samples exceeded the recommended intake values. The 34 genotypes of rice were classified into four clusters using a criteria value of rescaled distance between 5 and 10. Among the 34 genotypes, the genotypes II you 416 (II416) with the lowest enrichment of As and the lowest daily dietary intakes of inorganic As could be selected as the main cultivar in As-contaminated field. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
语种：
英文
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组合型生态浮床对上覆水和沉积物之间氮磷的影响
作者：
郑立国;杨仁斌;王海萍;宋建军
期刊：
环境科学 ,2013年34(8):3064-3070 ISSN：0250-3301
作者机构：
[郑立国] Institute of Agri-Environmental Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. zhliguo@yahoo.com.cn
关键词：
组合型生态浮床;氮;磷;上覆水;沉积物;环境因子
摘要：
在天鹅湖水体中构建以水生植物和陆生喜水植物为实验植物,浮法控制器、 水循环增氧系统和造浪-输送系统为辅助设备的组合型生态浮床. 组合型生态浮床运行期间改变了水体的理化环境,影响了上覆水-沉积物中氮磷形态的迁移转化,跟踪监测在组合型生态浮床影响下上覆水和沉积物TN、 NH_4~+-N和TP含量的浓度变化规律,探讨了在组合型生态浮床作用下,DO、 Eh、 pH对上覆水和沉积物中营养盐的影响,以及上覆水和沉积物中氮磷之间以及和各环境因子之间的相互关系. 结果表明,实验期间上覆水中TN、 NH_4~+-N和TP的去除率分别达到61.92%、 63.09%和80.0%. 沉积物中TN和NH_4~+-N的去除率分别达到23.79%和37.04%,沉积物中TP含量上升了43.71%. 组合型生态浮床对上覆水环境因子如DO、 Eh、 pH等产生不同程度的影响,处理区上覆水中DO和Eh均高于对照区,DO由原来的8.7~8.9 mg·L~(-1)上升到9.3~10.4 mg·L~(-1),Eh由原来的163~178 mV上升到191~198 mV,通过提高上覆水中DO和Eh有效抑制沉积物磷的释放并促进沉积物对上覆水中磷的吸附. pH的波动性较小,维持在7.51~8.32之间,并未促进沉积物磷释放. 上覆水中TN、 TP和NH_4~+-N以及与沉积物中的TN、 NH_4~+-N之间呈极显著正相关,与沉积物中的TP极显著负相关; pH与上覆水和沉积物中的TN、 TP和NH_4~+-N都无相关性; 上覆水中的DO与Eh显著正相关,与沉积物中的TP显著负相关.
语种：
中文
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应用数码相机进行绿肥翻压后春玉米氮素营养诊断和产量预测
作者：
Bai Jin-shun;Cao Wei-dong* ;Xiong Jing;Zeng Nao-hua;Katshyoshi, Shimizu;...
期刊：
光谱学与光谱分析 ,2013年33(12):3334-3338 ISSN：1000-0593
通讯作者：
Cao Wei-dong
作者机构：
[Cao Wei-dong; Bai Jin-shun; Zeng Nao-hua] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Minist Agr, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, Key Lab Plant Nutr & Fertilizer, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.;[Xiong Jing] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Cao Wei-dong] Qinghai Univ, Qinghai Acad Agr & Forestry, Xining 810016, Peoples R China.;[Katshyoshi, Shimizu] Univ Tsukuba, Fac Life & Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058572, Japan.;[Rui Yu-kui] China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Cao Wei-dong] C;Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Minist Agr, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, Key Lab Plant Nutr & Fertilizer, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
关键词：
数码相机;绿肥;玉米;氮素营养诊断
摘要：
在绿肥翻压条件下,常规的玉米氮素营养诊断技术存在耗时、费力和可靠性差的缺点。基于数码相机的可见光光谱技术已被广泛应用于大田作物的氮素营养诊断,但尚未见应用于绿肥翻压后的玉米氮素营养诊断。为评价利用图像处理技术进行绿肥翻压后玉米氮素营养诊断和玉米产量预测的可行性,设置了不同施氮水平下的绿肥翻压试验,利用数码相机获取不同生育期玉米冠层数字图像,分析了玉米冠层图像色彩参数与氮素营养诊断指标和成熟期籽粒产量之间的关系。结果表明,绿肥翻压显著改善了玉米的氮素营养,不同生育期的玉米叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、地上部生物量和吸氮量均高于单施化肥处理;绿肥翻压处理下,玉米冠层光谱指数与氮素营养指标间的相关性较单施化肥处理低,且其相关性在不同的生育期有较大变异,其中,12叶期(V12)的蓝光标准化值(B/(R+G+B))与灌浆期(R4)的红光标准化值(R/(R+G+B))与植株氮营养指标相关性较好,二者均与玉米产量间呈显著直线回归关系,回归系数分别为45%和46%。因此,数字图像技术在进行绿肥翻压后玉米氮素营养的诊断和产量预测方面具有应用潜力,但应注意诊断时期和关键指标的选择。
语种：
中文
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Effect of Erosion on Productivity in Subtropical Red Soil Hilly Region: A Multi-Scale Spatio-Temporal Study by Simulated Rainfall
作者：
Li, Zhongwu* ;Huang, Jinquan;Zeng, Guangming;Nie, Xiaodong;Ma, Wenming;...
期刊：
PLOS ONE ,2013年8(10):e77838 ISSN：1932-6203
通讯作者：
Li, Zhongwu
作者机构：
[Guo, Wang; Li, Zhongwu; Zeng, Guangming; Ma, Wenming; Huang, Jinquan; Nie, Xiaodong; Yu, Wei] Hunan Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Guo, Wang; Li, Zhongwu; Zeng, Guangming; Ma, Wenming; Huang, Jinquan; Nie, Xiaodong; Yu, Wei] Hunan Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Environm Biol & Pollut Control, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Jiachao] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, Zhongwu] H;Hunan Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Erosion;Agricultural soil science;Permutation;Agricultural methods;Agricultural production;Crops;China;Planting
摘要：
The effects of water erosion (including long-term historical erosion and single erosion event) on soil properties and productivity in different farming systems were investigated. A typical sloping cropland with homogeneous soil properties was designed in 2009 and then protected from other external disturbances except natural water erosion. In 2012, this cropland was divided in three equally sized blocks. Three treatments were performed on these blocks with different simulated rainfall intensities and farming methods: (1) high rainfall intensity (1.5 - 1.7 mm min(-1)), no-tillage operation; (2) low rainfall intensity (0.5 - 0.7 mm min(-1)), no-tillage operation; and (3) low rainfall intensity, tillage operation. All of the blocks were divided in five equally sized subplots along the slope to characterize the three-year effects of historical erosion quantitatively. Redundancy analysis showed that the effects of long-term historical erosion significantly caused most of the variations in soil productivity in no-tillage and low rainfall erosion intensity systems. The intensities of the simulated rainfall did not exhibit significant effects on soil productivity in no-tillage systems. By contrast, different farming operations induced a statistical difference in soil productivity at the same single erosion intensity. Soil organic carbon (SOC) was the major limiting variable that influenced soil productivity. Most explanations of long-term historical erosion for the variation in soil productivity arose from its sharing with SOC. SOC, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were found as the regressors of soil productivity because of tillage operation. In general, this study provided strong evidence that single erosion event could also impose significant constraints on soil productivity by integrating with tillage operation, although single erosion is not the dominant effect relative to the long-term historical erosion. Our study demonstrated that an effective management of organic carbon pool should be the preferred option to maintain soil productivity in subtropical red soil hilly region.
语种：
英文
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湘中矿区不同用地类型面源Cd输出负荷的原位实验研究
作者：
刘孝利;曾昭霞;陈喆;铁柏清;陈求稳;...
期刊：
环境科学 ,2013年34(9):3557-3561 ISSN：0250-3301
作者机构：
[刘孝利; 陈喆; 铁柏清; 叶长城] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院;[曾昭霞] 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所;[陈求稳] 中国科学院生态环境研究中心
关键词：
湘中矿区;土地利用;重金属;自然降雨;面源负荷
摘要：
受污染土壤重金属随降雨径流输出已成为河流、湖泊等水体重金属超标的主要来源之一,近年来日益受到关注. 研究表明湘江中下游农田土壤重金属超标问题日益严峻,以镉超标最为严重. 研究以湘中矿区Cd超标农业小流域为实验场,选取流域内水稻、旱田、荒草地这3类土地利用模式设置径流小区进行自然降雨水文过程的原位观测. 结果表明,雨水pH值由春季到夏季呈升高趋势,径流水相溶解态Cd浓度呈明显的季节性差异,春季显著高于夏季,雨水pH值可显著影响土壤溶解态Cd向径流水相迁移,与径流水相溶解态Cd浓度呈负相关关系. 相同降雨条件下,稻田径流水相溶解态Cd浓度显著低于旱田和荒草地,旱田与荒草地Cd面源输出负荷显著高于水稻田,由于降雨量差异,3类土地利用类型溶解态Cd面源输出负荷的季节性规律不明显. 本研究可为流域尺度重金属面源输出负荷定量估算以及湘江流域水环境安全与水质预警提供数据支持和科学依据.
语种：
中文
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Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Surrounding Soils and Surface Sediments in Xiawangang River, Qingshuitang District
作者：
Jiang, Min;Zeng, Guangming* ;Zhang, Chang;Ma, Xiaoying;Chen, Ming;...
期刊：
PLOS ONE ,2013年8(8):e71176 ISSN：1932-6203
通讯作者：
Zeng, Guangming
作者机构：
[Lu, Lunhui; Chen, Ming; Zeng, Guangming; Yu, Qian; Hu, Langping; Jiang, Min; Zhang, Chang; Liu, Lifeng] Hunan Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Lu, Lunhui; Chen, Ming; Zeng, Guangming; Yu, Qian; Hu, Langping; Jiang, Min; Zhang, Chang; Liu, Lifeng] Hunan Univ, Key Lab Environm Biol & Pollut Control, Minist Educ, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Ma, Xiaoying] Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.;[Zhang, Jiachao] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zeng, Guangming] H;Hunan Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Sediment;Heavy metals;Pollution;Water pollution;Surface water;Carbonates;Rivers;Regression analysis
摘要：
Xiawanggang River region is considered to be one of the most polluted areas in China due to its huge amount discharge of pollutants and accumulation for years. As it is one branch of Xiang River and the area downstream is Changsha city, the capital of Hunan Province, the ecological niche of Xiawangang River is very important. The pollution treatment in this area was emphasized in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan of Chinese government for Xiang River Water Environmental Pollution Control. In order to assess the heavy metal pollution and provide the base information in this region for The Twelfth Five-Year Plan, contents and fractions of four heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) covering both sediments and soils were analyzed to study their contamination state. Three different indexes were applied to assess the pollution extent. The results showed this area was severely polluted by the four heavy metals, and the total concentrations exceeded the Chinese environmental quality standard for soil, grade III, especially for Cd. Moreover, Cd, rated as being in high risk, had a high mobility as its great contents of exchangeable and carbonates fractions in spite of its relative low content. Regression analysis revealed clay could well explain the regression equation for Cd, Cu and Zn while pH and sand could significantly interpret the regression equation for Pb. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between Non-residual fraction and I(geo) for all the four metals. Correlation analysis showed four metals maybe had similar pollution sources.
语种：
英文
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