亚热带不同稻田土壤微生物生物量碳的剖面分布特征
作者：
盛浩;周萍;袁红;廖超林;黄运湘;...
期刊：
环境科学 ,2013年34(4):1576-1582 ISSN：0250-3301
作者机构：
[盛浩] College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. shenghao82@163.com
关键词：
水稻土;母质;有机碳;微生物生物量碳;底物有效性
摘要：
土壤微生物生物量碳是稻田土壤有机质最具活性的组分之一,可有效地指示土壤质量状况.为探明亚热带地区不同类型稻田土壤微生物生物量碳的剖面分布特征及其与土壤有机碳及养分的关系,通过选取5种不同母质发育的稻田土壤,采集土壤发生层次分层样品,分析其有机碳、微生物生物量碳以及土壤养分的分布特点.结果表明,土壤有机碳和微生物生物量碳含量均随土壤深度的加深而急剧下降,分别介于2.45～26.19 g.kg-1和4.55～1 691.75 mg.kg-1,以耕作层和犁底层的含量最为丰富.不同母质发育的稻田表层土壤微生物生物量碳含量存在显著差异,以板岩风化物发育的黄泥田Ⅰ最高,河沙泥和红黄泥最低;而有机碳含量却以红黄泥和河沙泥最高,其余几种土壤之间并无明显差异.尽管如此,土壤微生物生物量碳依然受有机碳数量的限制,两者呈显著的正相关关系.土壤微生物商亦随土壤深度的增加而明显降低,不同类型土壤耕作层微生物商以河沙泥（2.11%）和红黄泥（1.37%）相对最低,而板岩风化物发育的黄泥田Ⅰ最高（8.24%）,说明河沙泥和红黄泥的底物有效性明显低于黄泥田,这也是河沙泥和红黄泥有机碳含量最高而微生物生物量最低的原因之一.土壤微生物生物量碳含量与土壤全氮、碱解氮和有效磷呈显著的正相关关系,而与土壤速效钾的相关性不明显,说明稻田土壤微生物生物量碳除受有机碳的限制外,还与土壤养分存在较为复杂的关系.
语种：
中文
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茶树根际土壤磷的解吸特性
作者：
杨威;周卫军;包春红;苗霄霖;胡文敏
期刊：
应用生态学报 ,2013年24(7):1843-1848 ISSN：1001-9332
通讯作者：
Zhou, W.-J.
作者机构：
[周卫军; 胡文敏; 杨威; 苗霄霖; 包春红] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Zhou, W.-J.] C;College of Resources and Environment, , Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
根际土壤;磷解吸;种植年限;成土母质;茶树
摘要：
为了探明茶树根际土壤磷的释放过程与供应机制,采用外源磷吸附培养方法,研究了不同母质、不同种植年限茶树根际土壤磷的解吸过程与特性,并用最小二乘法进行最优函数拟合.结果表明: 茶树根际土壤与非根际土壤磷的解吸过程有明显的差异.茶树根际土壤的磷解吸能力极显著高于非根际土壤;与非根际土壤相比,根际土壤的平均有效磷含量、平均解吸率和平均β值(单位吸附量中的解吸量)分别高出5.49 mg·kg~(-1)、1.7%和24.4%.不同成土母质发育的茶树根际土壤磷解吸能力为花岗岩风化物>第四纪红色粘土>板页岩风化物.随着种植年限的延长,3种母质茶树根际土壤的有效磷与磷解吸能力均有不同程度地提高.
语种：
中文
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Inhibitory effects of sanguinarine against the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843 and possible mechanisms of action
作者：
Shao, Jihai;Liu, Deming;Gong, Daoxin;Zeng, Qingru;Yan, Zhiyong;...
期刊：
Aquatic Toxicology ,2013年142-143:257-263 ISSN：0166-445X
通讯作者：
Gu, Ji-Dong
作者机构：
[Gong, Daoxin; Shao, Jihai; Zeng, Qingru; Yan, Zhiyong] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Shao, Jihai; Gu, Ji-Dong] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Farmland Pollut Control & Agr, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Deming] Hunan Agr Univ, State Key Lab Breeding Base Crop Germplasm Innova, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Gu, Ji-Dong] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Lab Environm Microbiol & Toxicol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Gu, Ji-Dong] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Lab Environm Microbiol & Toxicol, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Gu, Ji-Dong] U;Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Lab Environm Microbiol & Toxicol, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Chlorophyll fluorescence;Gene expression;Growth inhibition;Microcystis aeruginosa;Sanguinarine
摘要：
Sanguinarine showed strong inhibitory effect against Microcystis aeruginosa, a typical water bloom-forming and microcystins-producing cyanobacterium. The EC50 of sanguinarine against the growth of M. aeruginosa NIES-843 was 34.54. =. 1.17. μg/L. Results of chlorophyll fluorescence transient analysis indicated that all the electron donating side, accepting side, and the reaction center of the Photosystem II (PS II) were the targets of sanguinarine against M. aeruginosa NIES-843. The elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the cells of M. aeruginosa NIES-843 upon exposure indicated that sanguinarine induced oxidative stress in the active growing cells of M. aeruginosa NIES-843. Further results of gene expression analysis indicated that DNA damage and cell division inhibition were also involved in the inhibitory action mechanism of sanguinarine against M. aeruginosa NIES-843. The inhibitory characteristics of sanguinarine against M. aeruginosa suggest that the ecological- and public health-risks need to be evaluated before its application in cyanobacterial bloom control to avoid devastating events irreversibly. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
语种：
英文
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Impact of Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculation on indigenous bacterial communities during agricultural waste composting
作者：
Zhang, Jiachao;Zeng, Guangming* ;Chen, Yaoning;Yu, Man;Huang, Hongli;...
期刊：
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,2013年97(7):3159-3169 ISSN：0175-7598
通讯作者：
Zeng, Guangming
作者机构：
[Chen, Yaoning; Chen, Ming; Zeng, Guangming; Liu, Zhifeng; Zhu, Yi; Fan, Changzheng; Zhang, Jiachao; Jiang, Min] Hunan Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Yaoning; Chen, Ming; Zeng, Guangming; Liu, Zhifeng; Zhu, Yi; Fan, Changzheng; Zhang, Jiachao; Jiang, Min] Hunan Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Environm Biol & Pollut Control, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yu, Man] Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Environm Resources & Soil Fertilizer Inst, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Hongli] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Hui] Hunan Acad Forestry, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zeng, Guangming] H;Hunan Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Composting;Phanerochaete chrysosporium;Inoculation;Bacterial community;Redundancy analysis;Variance partition analysis
摘要：
This research was conducted to distinguish between the separate effects of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculation and sample property heterogeneity induced by different inoculation regimes on the indigenous bacterial communities during agricultural waste composting. P. chrysosporium was inoculated during different phases. The bacterial community abundance and structure were determined by quantitative PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis, respectively. Results indicated a significant stimulatory effect of P. chrysosporium inoculation on the bacterial community abundance. The bacterial community abundance significantly coincided with pile temperature, ammonium, and nitrate (P < 0.006). Variance partition analysis showed that the P. chrysosporium inoculation directly explained 20.5 % (P = 0.048) of the variation in the bacterial communities, whereas the sample property changes induced by different inoculation regimes indirectly explained up to 35.1 % (P = 0.002). The bacterial community structure was significantly related to pile temperature, water-soluble carbon (WSC), and C/N ratio when P. chrysosporium were inoculated. The C/N ratio solely explained 7.9 % (P = 0.03) of the variation in community structure, whereas pile temperature and WSC explained 7.7 % (P = 0.026) and 7.5 % (P = 0.034) of the variation, respectively. P. chrysosporium inoculation affected the indigenous bacterial communities most probably indirectly through increasing pile temperature, enhancing the substrate utilizability, and changing other physico-chemical factors. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.
语种：
英文
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镉污染应急处置含镉絮体稳定性实验研究
作者：
柳王荣;虢清伟;杨仁斌;许振成;曾东
期刊：
环境科学 ,2013年34(5):1797-1801 ISSN：0250-3301
作者机构：
[柳王荣; 虢清伟; 许振成; 曾东] 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所;[杨仁斌] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院,农业环境保护研究所
关键词：
龙江河;镉;絮体;扰动;稳定性
摘要：
以广西龙江河镉污染应急处置过程中产生的含镉絮体为研究对象,在探讨扰动及pH对絮体稳定性影响的基础上,考察了絮体在模拟静态水库和酸性洪水中的稳定性.结果表明,扰动及pH对絮体稳定性的影响较大,扰动条件下,Cd~(2+)浓度随河水初始pH变化规律为:pH 5.0>>pH 6.0>pH 7.0≈pH 8.0>pH 9.0,当pH为5.0时,Cd~(2+)浓度较高,超标19~58倍;当pH为6.0、7.0、8.0和9.0时,Cd~(2+)浓度不超标至超标11倍.含镉絮体在扰动水环境中释镉量较大,大部分样品的Cd~(2+)浓度高于5.0 μg·L~(-1),最大超标1倍;而在模拟静态水库中的释镉量较小,所有样品中Cd~(2+)浓度均低于5.0 μg·L~(-1),未超标,可见含镉絮体在模拟静态水库中稳定性较好.含镉絮体在模拟酸性洪水中释镉量大,Cd~(2+)浓度超标14~25倍,稳定性差.因此,在龙江河的生态环境影响后评估工作中应加强洪水期的监测.
语种：
中文
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La-EDTA coated Fe_3O_4 nanomaterial: Preparation and application in removal of phosphate from water
作者：
Yang, Jiao;Zeng, Qingru;Peng, Liang* ;Lei, Ming;Song, Huijuan;...
期刊：
环境科学学报(英文版) ,2013年25(2):413-418 ISSN：1001-0742
通讯作者：
Peng, Liang
作者机构：
[Peng, Liang; Yang, Jiao; Tie, Boqing; Zeng, Qingru; Gu, Jidong; Lei, Ming] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Liang] Cent S Univ, Sch Met Sci & Technol, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.;[Song, Huijuan] Hunan Perochem Vocat Technol Coll, Yueyang 414012, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Peng, Liang] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
La-EDTA-Fe3O4;phosphate;magnetic materials
摘要：
La-EDTA-Fe3O4 was prepared by a chemical co-precipitation method. The magnetic composite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Furthermore, the adsorption properties of La-EDTA-Fe3O4 toward phosphate in water were investigated. The uptake rate of phosphate in water by La-EDTA-Fe3O4 was 3-1000 times than that of EDTA-Fe3O4, and reached 97.8% at 7 hr. The adsorption process agreed well with the Freundlich model and kinetics studies showed that the adsorption of phosphate proceeds according to pseudo second-order adsorption kinetics. The maximum removal rate was achieved at pH 6.0-7.0. The La-EDTA-Fe3O4 had good adsorption properties and could be separated well from aqueous solution by a permanent magnet. Therefore, this nanomaterial has potential application for the removal of phosphate from large water bodies.
语种：
英文
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Potential for control of harmful cyanobacterial blooms using biologically derived substances: Problems and prospects
作者：
Shao, Jihai;Li, Renhui;Lepo, Joe Eugene;Gu, Ji-Dong*
期刊：
Journal of Environmental Management ,2013年125:149-155 ISSN：0301-4797
通讯作者：
Gu, Ji-Dong
作者机构：
[Shao, Jihai] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Shao, Jihai; Gu, Ji-Dong] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Farmland Pollut Control & Agr, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Renhui] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Key Lab Algal Biol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.;[Lepo, Joe Eugene] Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA.;[Lepo, Joe Eugene] Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA.
通讯机构：
[Gu, Ji-Dong] U;Univ Hong Kong, Lab Environm Microbiol & Toxicol, Sch Biol Sci, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Cyanobacteria;Water blooms;Biologically originated substances;Algae removal
摘要：
Water blooms of cyanobacteria have posed a worldwide environmental threat and a human health hazard in recent decades. Many biologically derived (but non-antibiotic) bioactive substances are known to inhibit the growth of aquatic bloom-forming cyanobacteria. Some of these biologically derived substances (BDSs) have no or low toxicity to aquatic animals and humans. Most BDSs are easily biodegradable in aquatic environments. These characteristics indicate that they may have potential for control and removal of harmful algae. However, BDSs also have the disadvantages of high cost of preparation, and possible damage to non-target aquatic organisms, and sometimes, low efficiency of algae removal. The ecological risks of most BDSs are still unknown. Here, we review recent research progress relative to the inhibitory effects of BDSs on cyanobacteria, and critically analyze the potential of BDSs as algicides with an emphasis on possible problems during the process of controlling harmful cyanobacteria. We suggest avenues of study to enhance effective use of BDSs in controlling of cyanobacterial blooms; these include guidelines for isolation and characterization of new effective BDSs, exploiting the synergistic effects of BDSs, the merits of controlling harmful cyanobacteria at the early stages of proliferation and evaluation of ecological risks of BDSs. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
语种：
英文
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Effects of exogenous thiocyanate on mineral nutrients, antioxidative responses and free amino acids in rice seedlings
作者：
Yu, Xiao-Zhang* ;Zhang, Fu-Zhong
期刊：
Ecotoxicology ,2013年22(4):752-760 ISSN：0963-9292
通讯作者：
Yu, Xiao-Zhang
作者机构：
[Yu, Xiao-Zhang; Zhang, Fu-Zhong] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 41028, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yu, Xiao-Zhang] Guilin Univ Technol, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Guilin 541004, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yu, Xiao-Zhang] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 41028, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Amino acid;Enzymes;Mineral nutrition;Oxidative stress;Rice;Thiocyanate
摘要：
The effects of exogenous thiocyanate (SCN-) on amino acids composition, content of mineral nutrients and antioxidative systems in plants were investigated. Young rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. XZX 45) were grown in nutrient solutions amended with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN). Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in plant materials were analyzed in vivo. Mineral nutrients and free amino acids in rice seedlings were also measured to determine metabolic responses to SCN- exposure. A significant reduction in transpiration and relative growth was recorded with all treatments (p<0.05), while changes of total chlorophyll content in leaves was negligible (p>0.05). SCN -induced toxicity appeared to be more sensitive to activities of POD in shoots and APX activities in roots than the others. The content of nutrient elements in rice seedlings exposed to exogenous SCN- was variable, while the effects were more evident at the highest SCN-treatment (p<0.05). Although the change of total free amino acids in shoots of SCN -exposed seedlings was negligible (p>0.05), responses of different amino acids to SCN- application were quite different. Among fifteen free amino acids detected, serine (Ser), proline (Pro), and methionine (Met) increased, while asparagine (Asp) decreased with an increase of the doses of SCN- supplied. Phyto-transport of SCN- was apparent and the removal rates were positively correlated to the doses, suggesting that phyto-assimilation of SCN- is an enzymatic process through a potentially un-identified degradation pathway. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013.
语种：
英文
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Evaluation of agricultural nonpoint source pollution potential risk over China with a Transformed-Agricultural Nonpoint Pollution Potential Index method
作者：
Yang, Fei;Xu, Zhencheng;Zhu, Yunqiang* ;He, Chansheng;Wu, Genyi;...
期刊：
Environmental Technology ,2013年34(21):2951-2963 ISSN：0959-3330
通讯作者：
Zhu, Yunqiang
作者机构：
[Zhu, Yunqiang; Fu, Qiang; Yang, Fei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.;[Qiu, Jin Rong; Xu, Zhencheng] South China Inst Environm Sci, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[He, Chansheng] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geog, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA.;[Wu, Genyi] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Qingsong; Fu, Qiang] Henan Univ, Coll Environm & Planning, Kaifeng 475001, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhu, Yunqiang] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
关键词：
NPS potential risk;T-APPI;evaluation;spatial distribution
摘要：
Agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) pollution has been the most important threat to water environment quality. Understanding the spatial distribution of NPS pollution potential risk is important for taking effective measures to control and reduce NPS pollution. A Transformed-Agricultural Nonpoint Pollution Potential Index (T-APPI) model was constructed for evaluating the national NPS pollution potential risk in this study; it was also combined with remote sensing and geographic information system techniques for evaluation on the large scale and at 1 km2 spatial resolution. This model considers many factors contributing to the NPS pollution as the original APPI model, summarized as four indicators of the runoff, sediment production, chemical use and the people and animal load. These four indicators were analysed in detail at 1 km2 spatial resolution throughout China. The T-APPI model distinguished the four indicators into pollution source factors and transport process factors; it also took their relationship into consideration. The studied results showed that T-APPI is a credible and convenient method for NPS pollution potential risk evaluation. The results also indicated that the highest NPS pollution potential risk is distributed in the middle-southern Jiangsu province. Several other regions, including the North China Plain, Chengdu Basin Plain, Jianghan Plain, cultivated lands in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, also showed serious NPS pollution potential. This study can provide a scientific reference for predicting the future NPS pollution risk throughout China and may be helpful for taking reasonable and effective measures for preventing and controlling NPS pollution. © 2013 © 2013 Taylor & Francis.
语种：
英文
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土壤CO_2浓度的动态观测、模拟和应用
作者：
盛浩;罗莎;周萍;李腾毅;王娟;...
期刊：
应用生态学报 ,2012年23(10):2916-2922 ISSN：1001-9332
通讯作者：
Sheng, H.
作者机构：
[盛浩; 李腾毅; 罗莎; 李洁; 王娟] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[周萍] Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
通讯机构：
[Sheng, H.] C;College of Resources and Environment, , Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
土壤气体;土壤呼吸;土壤CO2浓度;土壤碳分解
摘要：
土壤CO_2浓度不仅是地上、地下生物活动的反映,其变化对未来大气CO_2浓度和气候变化也有重要影响.本文综述了国内外土壤CO_2浓度的原位测定方法及其优缺点,分析了不同时(昼夜、几天、季节、年际)空(剖面、立地、景观)尺度上土壤CO_2浓度的变化规律和影响因素,概括了现有土壤CO2浓度的模拟模型和发展态势,并总结了土壤CO_2浓度梯度法在土壤呼吸研究中的应用和限制因素.最后展望了未来有待研究的4个领域:1)研发适于恶劣土壤环境(如淹水、石质土)的土壤CO_2气体采集、测定技术;2)探讨土壤CO_2浓度对天气变化的响应及其调控机理;3)加强土壤CO_2浓度空间异质性的研究;4)扩大通量梯度法在热带、亚热带土壤呼吸测定中的应用.
语种：
中文
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Modifying Fe3O4 nanoparticles with humic acid for removal of Rhodamine B in water
作者：
Peng, Liang* ;Qin, Pufeng;Lei, Ming;Zeng, Qingru;Song, Huijuan;...
期刊：
Journal of Hazardous Materials ,2012年209-210:193-198 ISSN：0304-3894
通讯作者：
Peng, Liang
作者机构：
[Peng, Liang] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Liang; Song, Huijuan] Cent S Univ, Sch Met Sci & Technol, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Gu, Jidong] Univ Hong Kong, Lab Environm Toxicol, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Peng, Liang] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Nano-Fe3O4;Rhodamine B;Nanostructure;Separations;Adsorption;Interface
摘要：
Humic acid (HA) modifying Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf> nanoparticles (Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>/HA) was developed for removal of Rhodamine B from water. Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>/HA was prepared by a coprecipitation procedure with cheap and environmentally friendly iron salts and HA. TEM images revealed the Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>/HA (with ~10nm Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf> cores) were aggregated as aqueous suspensions. With a saturation magnetization of 61.2emu/g, the Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>/HA could be simply recovered from water with magnetic separations at low magnetic field gradients within a few minutes. Sorption of the Rhodamine B to Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>/HA reached equilibrium in less than 15min, and agreed well to the Langmuir adsorption model with maximum adsorption capacities of 161.8mg/g. The Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>/HA was able to remove over 98.5% of Rhodamin B in water at optimized pH. ©2012 Elsevier B.V.
语种：
英文
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高效液相色谱法同时测定稻田中苄嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺残留
作者：
杨丽华;龚道新;唐晶;罗俊凯;丁春霞
期刊：
色谱 ,2012年30(1):71-75 ISSN：1000-8713
通讯作者：
Gong, D.
作者机构：
湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128;湖南农业大学农业环境保护研究所,湖南长沙410128;湖南农业大学理学院,湖南长沙410128;[龚道新; 杨丽华; 唐晶; 罗俊凯] College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China, Institute of Agricultural Environmental Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[丁春霞] College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China, College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Gong, D.] C;College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, China
关键词：
高效液相色谱;苄嘧磺隆;苯噻酰草胺;稻田水;稻田土壤;水稻植株;残留分析;除草剂
摘要：
建立了同时测定稻田(稻田土壤、水和植株)中苄嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺残留量的高效液相色谱( HPLC)分析方法.稻田水样品用二氯甲烷直接萃取；稻田土壤样品用碱性乙腈-二氯甲烷(1∶1 v/v)混合液直接提取；水稻植株样品用碱性二氯甲烷提取后,二氯甲烷提取液经弗罗里硅土柱净化.上述样品溶液采用C18不锈钢色谱柱(150mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,流动相为水-甲醇(30∶70,v/v),流速为0.5 mL/min,柱温为30℃,紫外检测波长为238 nm,外标法定量.苄嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺在0.05～5.00 mg/L范围内的线性关系均很好(r ＞0.999 9).在稻田水、土壤和水稻植株中添加3个水平(0.05,0.10,1.00 mg/kg)的苄嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺,两者的回收率均在85.39％ ～113.33％之间,相对标准偏差为0.91％ ～10.24％.这表明该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留测定的技术要求.
语种：
中文
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Phytotoxicity of thiocyanate to rice seedlings
作者：
Yu, Xiao-Zhang* ;Zhang, Fu-Zhong;Li, Fan
期刊：
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ,2012年88(5):703-706 ISSN：0007-4861
通讯作者：
Yu, Xiao-Zhang
作者机构：
[Li, Fan; Yu, Xiao-Zhang; Zhang, Fu-Zhong] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 41028, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yu, Xiao-Zhang] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 41028, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Removal;Rice;Thiocyanate;Toxicity
摘要：
The acute toxicity of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) and ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) to rice seedlings was tested. Hydroponically-grown plants showed different responses to the two species of thiocyanate. NH4SCN caused more severe stress to rice seedlings than KSCN. A significant reduction in transpiration and relative growth was observed with all NH4SCN treatments (p\0.01), while the effect of KSCN on rice seedlings was more evident at greater than 100 mg SCN/L (p\0.01). Both chemicals had a negligible effect on total chlorophyll content in shoots of rice seedlings (p[0.05). Although phyto-transport of thiocyanate was apparent, rice seedlings showed significantly higher removal potential for NH4SCN than KSCN. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012.
语种：
英文
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水稻光合同化碳向土壤有机碳库输入的定量研究:~(14)C连续标记法
作者：
聂三安;周萍;葛体达;童成立;肖和艾;...
期刊：
环境科学 ,2012年33(4):1346-1351 ISSN：0250-3301
作者机构：
[聂三安; 周萍; 葛体达; 童成立; 肖和艾; 吴金水] 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所;[张杨珠] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院
关键词：
水稻;光合同化碳;根际沉积;土壤有机碳;~(14)C连续标记
摘要：
应用~(14)C连续标记示踪技术,以当地主栽水稻品种"中优169"为供试作物,分别选取亚热带区4种典型稻田土壤,在密闭系统模拟研究水稻根际输入光合碳对土壤有机碳(SOC)及其组分的影响.结果表明,标记种植80 d后,水稻地上部和地下部的累积的总碳量范围分别为1.86~5.60 g.pot~(-1)和0.46~0.78 g.pot~(-1).种植水稻后供试土壤的~(14)C-SOC含量范围为114.3~348.2 mg.kg~(-1),而~(14)C-DOC、~(14)C-MBC含量范围为4.05~8.65 mg.kg~(-1)、12.5~37.6 mg.kg~(-1).水稻生长期间内,不同土壤条件下,土壤~(14)C-SOC与~(14)C-水稻碳量的比率范围为5.09%~6.62%,这说明尽管不同土壤的光合生产能力不同,但根际沉积效率相似.土壤可溶解性有机碳(DOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)和SOC的更新率分别为6.72%~14.64%、1.70%~7.67%和0.73%~1.99%.而且,水稻光合碳的分配和转化对土壤活性碳组分的DOC、MBC含量变化影响较大,而对土壤有机碳影响较小.本研究进一步量化了水稻生长期间光合碳对土壤有机碳库各组分(SOC、DOC和MBC)的贡献,为水稻土有机质积累持续机制与固碳潜力研究提供了数据支撑.
语种：
中文
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Risk assessment and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soils of Huanghuai plain, China
作者：
Yang, Bing;Xue, Nandong* ;Zhou, Lingli;Li, Fasheng;Cong, Xin;...
期刊：
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ,2012年84:304-310 ISSN：0147-6513
通讯作者：
Xue, Nandong
作者机构：
[Xue, Nandong; Li, Fasheng; Li, Huiying; Liu, Bo; Yang, Bing; Han, Baolu; Zhou, Lingli; Yan, Yunzhong] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Criteria & Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Bo; Han, Baolu] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm & Recourses, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Cong, Xin] Liaoning Tech Univ, Coll Resource & Environm Engn, Fuxing 123000, Peoples R China.;[Xue, Nandong] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Criteria & Risk Assessment, 8 DaYangFang AnWai, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xue, Nandong] C;Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Criteria & Risk Assessment, 8 DaYangFang AnWai, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Agricultural soil;Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs);Principal component analysis;Risk assessment
摘要：
The profiles and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in 227 agricultural surface soils from the Huanghuai plain, China. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs varied from 15.7 to 1247.6. μg/kg, with an average of 129.5. μg/kg. Compared with pollution level and carcinogenic potential risk in other research, the soil PAH concentrations in this study fell within low to middle level. Unexpectedly, a significant correlation was not observed between the PAH concentration in soils and the corresponding content of the soil organic matter. This is partly interpreted for our sampling sites located in agricultural area where fresh input of organic fertilizers is expected. Principal component analysis-multiple linear regression suggests that low temperature combustion, coal combustion and traffic emissions could be the primary PAH contributors in soils from the Huanghuai plain, accounting for 46.7 percent, 42.1 percent and 11.2 percent of PAH concentrations, respectively. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.
语种：
英文
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Evidence of iron cyanides as supplementary nitrogen source to rice seedlings
作者：
Yu, Xiao-Zhang* ;Shen, Ping-Ping;Gu, Ji-Guang;Zhou, Yan;Zhang, Fu-Zhong
期刊：
Ecotoxicology ,2012年21(6):1642-1650 ISSN：0963-9292
通讯作者：
Yu, Xiao-Zhang
作者机构：
[Zhou, Yan; Yu, Xiao-Zhang; Zhang, Fu-Zhong] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 41028, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Shen, Ping-Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Marine Bioresources Sustainable Utilizat, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Gu, Ji-Guang] Jinan Univ, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yu, Xiao-Zhang] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 41028, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Assimilation;Glutamine synthetase;Iron cyanide;Nitrate reductase;Rice
摘要：
The effect of iron cyanides on activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) of plants was investigated. Young rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. XZX 45) were grown in the nutrient solutions containing KNO3 or NH4Cl and treated with ferro-cyanide [K 4Fe(CN)6] or ferri-cyanide [K3Fe(CN) 6]. Total cyanide and free cyanide in solutions and in plant materials were analyzed. Activities of NR and GS in different parts of plants were assayed in vivo. Results: indicated that all rice seedlings exposed to either ferro- or ferri-cyanide showed positive growth. The phyto-assimilation rates of both iron cyanide species by rice seedlings were positively correlated to the doses supplied. Seedlings grown on NO3- showed significantly higher assimilatory potential for both ferroand ferri-cyanide than those on NH4+. Rice seedlings grown on NH 4+-containing nutrient solution accumulated more cyanide in plant materials, majority being in roots rather than shoots, than these grown on NO3--containing nutrient solution, suggesting that the presence of ammonium (NH4+) in the nutrient solution caused a negative impact on botanical assimilation of both iron cyanides. Sensitivity of NR and GS in rice seedlings exposed to ferro- and ferri-cyanide was identical, where conspicuous effects were only observed at the highest concentration supplied. The evidence offered here suggests that both iron cyanides can be a supplementary source of nitrogen to plant nutrition. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012.
语种：
英文
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Contaminant removal from low-concentration polluted river water by the bio-rack wetlands
作者：
Wang, Ji;Zhang, Lanying;Lu, Shaoyong* ;Jin, Xiangcan;Gan, Shu
期刊：
环境科学学报(英文版) ,2012年24(6):1006-1013 ISSN：1001-0742
通讯作者：
Lu, Shaoyong
作者机构：
[Wang, Ji; Jin, Xiangcan; Gan, Shu; Lu, Shaoyong] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, Res Ctr Lake Environm, State Environm Protect Key Lab Lake Pollut Contro, Engn & Technol Ctr Lake, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Ji; Zhang, Lanying] Jilin Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Groundwater Resources & Environm, Changchun 130021, Peoples R China.;[Gan, Shu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Lu, Shaoyong] C;Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, Res Ctr Lake Environm, State Environm Protect Key Lab Lake Pollut Contro, Engn & Technol Ctr Lake, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China.
关键词：
bio-rack;constructed wetland;fine-root biomass;low-concentration polluted river water;plants;uptake
摘要：
The bio-rack is a new approach for treating low-concentration polluted river water in wetland systems. A comparative study of the efficiency of contaminant removal between four plant species in bio-rack wetlands and between a bio-rack system and control system was conducted on a small-scale (500 mm length ×400 mm width ×400 mm height) to evaluate the decontamination effects of four different wetland plants. There was generally a significant difference in the removal of total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH<inf>3-</inf>N) and total phosphorus (TP), but no significant difference in the removal of permanganate index (COD<inf>Mn</inf>) between the bio-rack wetland and control system. Bio-rack wetland planted with Thalia dealbata had higher nutrient removal rates than wetlands planted with other species. Plant fine-root (root diameter &le 3 mm) biomass rather than total plant biomass was related to nutrient removal efficiency. The study suggested that the nutrient removal rates are influenced by plant species, and high fine-root biomass is an important factor in selecting highly effective wetland plants for a bio-rack system. According to the mass balance, the TN and TP removal were in the range of 61.03-73.27 g/m<sup>2</sup> and 4.14-5.20 g/m<sup>2</sup> in four bio-rack wetlands during the whole operational period. The N and P removal by plant uptake constituted 34.9%-43.81% of the mass N removal and 62.05%-74.81% of the mass P removal. The study showed that the nitrification/denitrification process and plant uptake process are major removal pathways for TN, while plant uptake is an effective removal pathway for TP. ©2012 The Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
语种：
英文
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On the role of b-cyanoalanine synthase (CAS) in metabolism of free cyanide and ferri-cyanide by rice seedlings
作者：
Yu, Xiao-Zhang* ;Lu, Peng-Cheng;Yu, Zhen
期刊：
Ecotoxicology ,2012年21(2):548-556 ISSN：0963-9292
通讯作者：
Yu, Xiao-Zhang
作者机构：
[Yu, Zhen; Lu, Peng-Cheng; Yu, Xiao-Zhang] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 41028, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yu, Xiao-Zhang] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 41028, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
β-cyanoalanine synthase;Ferri-cyanide;Free cyanide;Metabolism;Rice
摘要：
A study was conducted to investigate the contribution of β-cyanoalanine synthase (CAS) to the botanical metabolism of free cyanide and iron cyanides. Seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. XZX 45) were grown hydroponically and then amended with free cyanide (KCN) or ferri-cyanide [K 3Fe (CN)6] into the growth media. Total cyanide, free cyanide, and Fe3+/Fe2+ in aqueous solution were analyzed to identify the speciation of K3Fe (CN)6. Activity of CAS in different parts of the rice seedlings was also assayed in vivo and results indicated that dissociation of K3Fe (CN)6 to free cyanide in solution was negligible. Almost all of the applied KCN was removed by rice seedlings and the metabolic rates were concentration dependent. Phyto-transport of K3Fe (CN)6 was apparent, but appreciable amounts of cyanide were recovered in plant tissues. The metabolic rates of K3Fe (CN)6 were also positively correlated to the concentrations supplied. Rice seedlings exposed to KCN showed a considerable increase in the CAS activity and roots had higher CAS activity than shoots, indicating that CAS plays an important role in the botanical assimilation of KCN. However, no measurable change of CAS activity in different parts of rice seedlings exposed to K3Fe (CN)6 was detected, suggesting that K 3Fe (CN)6 is likely metabolized by rice directly through an unknown pathway rather than the b-cyanoalanine pathway. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
语种：
英文
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湘江流域土壤重金属污染及其生态环境风险评价
作者：
刘春早;黄益宗;雷鸣;郝晓伟;李希;...
期刊：
环境科学 ,2012年33(1):260-265 ISSN：0250-3301
作者机构：
[刘春早; 黄益宗; 郝晓伟] 中国科学院生态环境研究中心;[谢建治] 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院;[雷鸣; 李希; 铁柏清] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院
关键词：
湘江流域;土壤;重金属;生态环境风险评价
摘要：
采用美国TCLP(toxicity characteristic leaching procedure)提取重金属和内梅罗综合污染指数评价方法对湖南省湘江流域土壤重金属生态环境风险进行评价.沿湘江流域采集72个土壤样品,测定土壤中的6种主要重金属的总量、TCLP提取的有效态含量及土壤样品的污染级别.结果表明,湘江流域土壤As、Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni和Pb总含量分别在4.25~549.67、0.13~76.84、11.49~281.69、7.75~7 234.81、5.50~56.65和8.60~2 084.81 mg.kg~(-1)范围之间,TCLP提取态含量分别在0.02~10.97、0.06~28.41、0.04~72.29、0.59~1 152.32、0.07~10.65和0.17~1 165.58 mg.kg~(-1)范围内.TCLP提取的土壤Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb有效态含量分别与其总含量之间存在着显著的相关关系.72个土壤样品中属安全水平、警戒水平、轻污染水平、中污染水平和重污染水平所占的比率分别为60.52%、11.33%、5.65%、4.22%和18.38%,说明湘江流域土壤重金属污染存在着比较严重的生态环境风险.
语种：
中文
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Ammonia volatilization and availability of Cu,Zn induced by applications of urea with and without coating in soils
作者：
Jiang, Zhaohui;Zeng, Qingru* ;Tie, Boqing;Liao, Bohan;Pi, Hejie;...
期刊：
环境科学学报(英文版) ,2012年24(1):177-181 ISSN：1001-0742
通讯作者：
Zeng, Qingru
作者机构：
[Jiang, Zhaohui] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liao, Bohan; Feng, Xiaoyou; Sun, Yulin; Tie, Boqing; Zeng, Qingru; Pi, Hejie] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Zhaohui] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Chem & Biol Engn, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Zhaohui] CNRS, ICARE, F-45071 Orleans 02, France.
通讯机构：
[Zeng, Qingru] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
ammonia volatilization;coated urea;soil;metal element
摘要：
Ammonia volatilization and the distribution of Cu and Zn were investigated in two types of soil treated with coated and uncoated urea. The rate of ammonia volatilization in two weeks after fertilizing with coated urea was 8% in soil 1 (soil derived from river alluvial deposits in Dongting Lake Plain) and 5.15% in soil 2 (red soil derived from quaternary red clay), about half the rates observed when fertilizing with common urea, implying that the hydrolysis speed of the coated urea was lower than for common urea, and that the coated urea can increase nitrogen use efficacy. As for the availability of Cu and Zn, their concentrations decreased in the first week after fertilization, and then increased, which was contrary to the effect of treatment on soil pH. For example, when the pH was 7.99, there was 0.79 mg/kg exchangeable Cu and 0.85 mg/kg exchangeable Zn in the soil derived from river alluvial deposits in Dongting Lake Plain. However, the concentrations of exchangeable Cu and Zn were generally lower for the common urea treatments than those with the coated urea because the peak pH for the common urea treatment was greater. The concentrations of these elements correlated well with pH in the range 4-8 in second order polynomial fits.
语种：
英文
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