作者： 宋勇;何谈;刘明月;曾敏;廖柏寒

期刊： 环境科学,2010年31(9):2240-2247 ISSN：0250-3301

作者机构： [宋勇; 刘明月] 湖南农业大学园艺园林学院;[何谈] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院;[曾敏; 廖柏寒] 中南林业科技大学生物技术开放性中心实验室

关键词： 马铃薯;Cd污染;土壤;羟基磷灰石;改良;品质

摘要： 通过温室盆栽实验研究了施用羟基磷灰石改良Cd污染土壤对马铃薯生长及品质的影响.实验设置了3个Cd污染水平（0、5、10 mg.kg-1）、6个羟基磷灰石施用量（0、4、8、10、16、30 g.kg-1）和2个马铃薯品种（中薯3号、大西洋）.结果表明,土壤Cd污染导致马铃薯单株产量下降（5 mg.kg-1的Cd污染土壤中降低24%～31%,10 mg.kg-1的Cd污染土壤中降低41%～45%）,但是施用羟基磷灰石可以提高单株产量.相对于不施用羟基磷灰石,5 mg.kg-1的Cd污染土壤中施用10 g.kg-1的羟基磷灰石可以增产17%～39%,10 mg.kg-1的Cd污染土壤中施用30 g.kg-1的羟基磷灰石可以增产45%～58%.由于羟基磷灰石改善了Cd污染土壤环境,因此马铃薯器官中叶绿素含量和SOD活性明显上升,而MDA含量明显下降.施用羟基磷灰石也提高了马铃薯品质,马铃薯块茎中维生素C含量、淀粉含量以及蛋白质含量也明显提高.随着羟基磷灰石施用量由0 g.kg-1增加到30 g.kg-1,在5 mg.kg-1的Cd污染土壤中,马铃薯块茎Cd含量由0.87～0.95 mg.kg-1下降到0.13～0.21 mg.kg-1,降幅为78%～85%;在10 mg.kg-1的Cd污染土壤中,块茎Cd含量由1.86～1.93 mg.kg-1下降到0.52～0.65 mg.kg-1,降幅为66%～72%.实验表明,羟基磷灰石缓解土壤Cd毒性的主要机制是提高土壤pH值,降低土壤中有效态Cd含量,羟基磷灰石中的Ca阻碍土壤Cd向马铃薯迁移.但是羟基磷灰石对土壤Cd毒性的缓解效应是有限性的,过量施用可能对马铃薯生长和品质产生胁迫作用.在Cd污染土壤中施用适量的羟基磷灰石后中薯3号生长状况和品质好于大西洋,说明不同马铃薯品种对种植环境的改善有不同的响应.

语种： 中文

作者： 何增明;刘强;谢桂先;荣湘民;彭建伟;...

期刊： 应用生态学报,2010年21(10):2659-2665 ISSN：1001-9332

通讯作者： He, Z.-M.

作者机构： [荣湘民; 彭建伟; 刘强; 宋海星; 谢桂先] College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;Yongzhou Vocational Technical College, Yongzhou 425000, Hunan, China;[李莲芳; 苏世鸣] Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;[何增明] College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China, Yongzhou Vocational Technical College, Yongzhou 425000, Hunan, China

通讯机构： [He, Z.-M.] C;College of Resource and Environment, , Changsha 410128, China

关键词： 钝化剂;添加比例;好氧堆肥;重金属

摘要： 采用连续提取法研究了猪粪好氧堆肥处理中重金属浓度和形态的变化以及添加不同比例的重金属钝化剂对其浓度和形态的影响.结果表明:经过堆肥处理后,猪粪中重金属As、Cu和Zn的总浓度均有所增加.从重金属结合形态的变化来看,可交换态As和Zn含量降低,残渣态As和Zn含量升高,表明As和Zn存在着向有效性相对较低的形态转化的趋势;重金属Cu则表现出不同的变化趋势,即可交换态与残渣态Cu含量下降,而碳酸盐结合态、铁锰结合态及有机结合态Cu含量有所增加,在今后的堆肥利用中应注意其可能带来的环境风险;3种重金属钝化剂及不同添加比例的处理中,5.0%的海泡石和2.5%的膨润土分别对重金属As、Zn表现出较好的钝化效果,堆肥后残渣态As和Zn的增幅分别达到79.8%和158.6%,均高于不加钝化剂处理.与对照相比,堆肥后7.5%的海泡石对残渣态Cu的降低幅度最小,为39.3%.猪粪堆肥中添加适量的重金属钝化剂,可以在一定程度上降低重金属的有效性以及猪粪堆肥利用中重金属污染的风险.

语种： 中文

作者： Lei, Ming;Zhang, Yong;Khan, Sardan;Qin, Pu-feng;Liao, Bo-han*

期刊： Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2010年168(1-4):215-222 ISSN：0167-6369

通讯作者： Liao, Bo-han

作者机构： [Lei, Ming; Qin, Pu-feng; Zhang, Yong] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liao, Bo-han] Cent S Univ Forestry & Technol, Int Coll, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Khan, Sardan; Lei, Ming] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.;[Khan, Sardan] Univ Peshawar, Dept Environm Sci, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.

通讯机构： [Liao, Bo-han] C;Cent S Univ Forestry & Technol, Int Coll, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.

关键词： Contaminated soils;Fractionation distribution;Heavy metal;Leleyter and Probst's sequential extraction;Mobility;Pollution index

摘要： This study was conducted to investigate the pollution load index, fraction distributions, and mobility of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in garden and paddy soils collected from a Pb/Zn mine in Chenzhou City, China. The samples were analyzed using Leleyter and Probst's sequential extraction procedures. Total metal concentrations including Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn exceeded the maximum permissible limits for soils set by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, and the order of the pollution index was Cd > Zn > Pb > Cu, indicating that the soils from both sites seriously suffered from heavy metal pollution, especially Cd. The sums of metal fractions were in agreement with the total contents of heavy metals. However, there were significant differences in fraction distributions of heavy metals in garden and paddy soils. The residual fractions of heavy metals were the predominant form with 43.0% for Pb, 32.3% for Cd, 33.5% for Cu, and 44.2% for Zn in garden soil, while 51.6% for Pb, 40.4% for Cd, 40.3% for Cu, and 40.9% for Zn in paddy soil. Furthermore, the proportions of water-soluble and exchangeable fractions extracted by the selected analytical methods were the lowest among all fractions. On the basis of the speciation of heavy metals, the mobility factor values of heavy metals have the following order: Cd (25.2-19.8%) > Cu (22.6-6.3%) > Zn (9.6-6.0%) > Pb (6.7-2.5%) in both contaminated soils. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

语种： 英文

作者： Yu, Xiao-Zhang*;Peng, Xiao-Ying;Xing, Li-Qun

期刊： Ecotoxicology,2010年19(1):61-68 ISSN：0963-9292

通讯作者： Yu, Xiao-Zhang

作者机构： [Peng, Xiao-Ying; Xing, Li-Qun; Yu, Xiao-Zhang] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 41028, Hunan, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Yu, Xiao-Zhang] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 41028, Hunan, Peoples R China.

关键词： Accumulation;Chromium;Phytoremediation;Removal;Temperature;Willows

摘要： The removal of hexavalent and trivalent chromium from hydroponic solution by plants to changes in temperature was investigated. Pre-rooted hybrid willows (Salix matsudana Koidz x alba L.) were exposed to a nutrient solution spiked with potassium chromate (K2CrO4) or chromium chloride (CrCl3) for 4 days. Ten different temperatures were tested ranging from 11 to 32A degrees C. Total Cr in solutions and in plant materials were all analyzed quantitatively. The results revealed that large amounts of the applied Cr were removed from the hydroponic solution in the presence of the plants. Significantly faster removal of Cr(III) than Cr(VI) was achieved by hybrid willows from the hydroponic solutions at all temperatures (P < 0.01). The removal rates of both chemical forms of Cr by plants increased linearly with the increase of temperatures. The highest removal rate of Cr(VI) was found at 32A degrees C with a value of 1.99 mu g Cr/g day, whereas the highest value of Cr(III) was 3.55 mu g Cr/g day at the same temperature. Roots were the main sink for Cr accumulation in plants at all temperatures. Translocation of both chemical forms of Cr from roots to lower stems was only found at temperatures a parts per thousand yen24A degrees C. The temperature coefficient values (Q (10)) were 2.41 and 1.42 for Cr(VI) and Cr(III), respectively, indicating that the removal of Cr(VI) by hybrid willows was much more susceptible to changes in temperature than that of Cr(III). This information suggests that changes in temperature have a substantial influence on the uptake and accumulation of both chemical forms of Cr by plants.

语种： 英文

作者： 彭佩钦;仇少君;刘强;吴金水;侯红波

期刊： 环境科学,2009年30(4):1139-1145 ISSN：0250-3301

作者机构： [彭佩钦; 侯红波] 中南林业科技大学资源与环境学院;[仇少君; 刘强] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院;[吴金水] 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所

关键词： 土壤微生物生物量氮;固定态铵;水稻土;淹水培养

摘要： 以洞庭湖平原2个典型水稻土(红黄泥和紫潮泥)为对象,采用~(15)N示踪技术,研究了淹水培养条件下稻草+硫铵配施(S+~(15)NA)和单施硫铵(~(15)NA)土壤微生物和粘土矿物对化肥氮的固定与释放及氮的残留形态.结果表明,淹水培养条件下B_N(SMBN)总体变化趋势是在培养前期达到峰值,而后逐渐下降,最后趋于稳定.固定态铵在整个试验期间变化相对较小,但也随培养时间的延长而减少.淹水培养条件下,B_N以原有B_N为主.标记底物B_N的比例红黄泥为0.30%～6.67%;紫潮泥为1.00%～3.47%.微生物同化的标记底物硫铵氮的比例红黄泥为0.15%～20.65%,紫潮泥为2.06%～15.93%;有机无机配施处理(S+~(15)NA)均大于单施化肥(~(15)NA),红黄泥S+~(15)NA处理平均为6.78%,高于红黄泥~(15)NA处理;紫潮泥S+~(15)NA处理(10.78%)也高于紫潮泥~(15)NA处理.粘土矿物对标记底物氮的固定率,红黄泥为2.48%～10.57%,紫潮泥为12.55%～30.04%.红黄泥S+~(15)NA处理平均为7.14%,低于红黄泥~(15)NA处理;紫潮泥S+~(15)NA处理(21.53%)也低于紫潮泥~(15)NA处理.淹水培养条件下底物硫铵氮的残留率均大于30%,有机无机配施处理提高了无机氮的残留率.红黄泥底物氮的残留形态主要为酸解有机氮(＞72%),而紫潮泥以酸解有机氮(44.0%～53.2%)和固定态铵(35.2%～37.5%)为主,两种土壤底物氮矿质氮形态残留在10%～20%之间.研究表明土壤对外源无机氮的固定与释放是一个动态的过程,施肥方式和土壤粘土矿物组成对该过程有重要影响.化肥和秸秆配合施用能增强微生物对无机氮的同化,降低土壤粘土矿物对无机氮的固持.有机无机配施处理在降低化肥氮损失的同时提高了酸不溶性氮态的残留率,降低了无机氮形态(固定态铵和矿质氮)的残留.

语种： 中文

作者： Shao, Ji-Hai;Wu, Xing-Qiang;Li, Ren-Hui*

期刊： ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY,2009年24(6):610-617 ISSN：1520-4081

通讯作者： Li, Ren-Hui

作者机构： [Li, Ren-Hui; Wu, Xing-Qiang; Shao, Ji-Hai] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Xing-Qiang; Shao, Ji-Hai] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China.;[Shao, Ji-Hai] Hunan Agr Univ, Resources & Environm Coll, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Li, Ren-Hui] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.

关键词： nonanoic acid (NA);Microcystis aeruginosa;stress;physiological responses

摘要： A recent study has shown that nonanoic acid (NA) is one of the strongest allelochemicals to a cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, but the physiological responses of M. aeruginosa to NA stress remain unknown. In this study, physiological characters such as the growth rate, photosynthetic processes, phosphorus and nitrogen uptake kinetics, and the contents of intracellular microcystin of M. aeruginosa PCC7806 were studied under the NA stress. The results showed that the growth rates of M. aeruginosa PCC 7806 were significantly inhibited in all NA stress treatments during first 3 days after exposure, and the growth rate was recovered after 5-day exposure. After 2-day exposure, the contents of both phycocyanin and allophycocyanin per cell decreased at NA concentration of 4 mg L-1, and oxygen evolution was inhibited even at the concentration of 0.5 mg L-1, but carotenoid content per cell was slightly boosted in NA stress. Physiological recovery of M. aeruginosa PCC7806 was observed after 7-day exposure to NA. It was shown that NA stress had no effect on uptake of nitrogen, but could stimulate the uptake of phosphorus. The contents of intracellular microcystin have not been affected in all NA treatments in contrast with the control. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

语种： 英文

作者： 王俭;李雪亮;李法云;包红旭

期刊： 应用生态学报,2009年20(9):2233-2240 ISSN：1001-9332

通讯作者： Wang, J.

作者机构： [包红旭; Xue-liang L.I.] School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China;Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Environmental Sensing Application, Shenyang 110036, China;School of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Fa-yun L.I.] School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China, School of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[王俭] School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China, Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Environmental Sensing Application, Shenyang 110036, China

通讯机构： [Wang, J.] S;School of Environmental Science, , Shenyang 110036, China

关键词： 系统动力学;水环境承载力;模拟与预测;辽宁省

摘要： 应用系统动力学方法建立了水环境承载力模型,并结合层次分析法和向量模法,模拟了辽宁省水环境系统的动态变化,预测了2000-2050年辽宁省水环境在不同发展方案下的承载能力.结果表明:若保持现行发展方案不变,2000-2050年,辽宁省水环境承载力将呈逐年下降趋势;仅增加水资源供给、不进行科学合理的水环境保护与治理,将无法提高该区域水环境承载能力;只有将开源、节流、治污、减排等多种手段相结合,才能有效提高辽宁省水环境承载能力,促进该地区经济、社会和环境的协调发展.

语种： 中文

作者： Shao, Jihai;Wu, Zhongxing;Yu, Gongliang;Peng, Xin;Li, Renhui*

期刊： Chemosphere,2009年75(7):924-928 ISSN：0045-6535

通讯作者： Li, Renhui

作者机构： [Shao, Jihai; Yu, Gongliang; Wu, Zhongxing; Li, Renhui; Peng, Xin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.;[Shao, Jihai] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China.;[Shao, Jihai] Hunan Agr Univ, Resources & Environm Coll, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Li, Renhui] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.

关键词： Pyrogallol;Microcystis aeruginosa;Allelopathy;Mechanism

摘要： Pyrogallol is a potent allelochemical on Microcystis aeruginosa, but its allelopathic mechanism is not fully known. In order to explore this mechanism, gene expressions for prx, mcyB, psbA, recA, grpE, fabZ under pyrogallol stress were studied, and activities of the main antioxidant enzymes were also measured. The results showed that expression of grpE and recA showed no significant change under pyrogallol stress, while psbA and mcyB were up-regulated at 4 mg L-1. Both prx and fabZ were up-regulated even under exposure to 1 mg L-1 pyrogallol concentration. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were enhanced under pyrogallol stress. Levels of malodialdehyde (MDA) at 2 and 4 mg L-1 pyrogallol were significantly higher than those of the controls. It was concluded that oxidant damage is an important mechanism for the allelopathic effect of pyrogallol on M. aeruginosa. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

语种： 英文

作者： 唐忠波;储昭升;金相灿;曾清如

期刊： 环境科学,2008年29(6):1513-1517 ISSN：0250-3301

通讯作者： Tang, Z.-B.(zhongbo-tang@163.com)

作者机构： 湖南农业大学资源环境学院;[储昭升; 金相灿] 中国环境科学研究院;[曾清如; 唐忠波] 湖南农业大学

关键词： 孟氏浮游蓝丝藻;湖泊模拟装置;蓝藻;浮力

摘要： 采用大型室内湖泊模拟装置对孟氏浮游蓝丝藻在富营养化湖泊中的垂直分布与迁移特征进行了模拟,并通过10 L玻璃瓶实验对孟氏浮游蓝丝藻浮力对光的响应进行了分析.湖泊模拟实验结果表明,光照后,表层孟氏浮游蓝丝藻开始向下层迁移,光照8 h后,藻丝在深2-3 m左右水层形成稳定聚集层;藻丝容易集聚层在光照度为10μmol·（m~2·s）~(-1)右水层,处于该水层上部的藻丝漂浮百分率〈50%趋向于沉降,处于该水层下部的藻丝漂浮百分率〉50%趋向于漂浮;无光照后,藻丝开始往水体表层聚集,无光照12 h后,约20%的藻丝聚集在水体表层,无光照48 h后,约50%的藻丝聚集在水体表层;说明浮游蓝丝藻白天主要分布在水体2-3 m处,在早晨或连续的阴天后,可能在水体表层形成水华.10 L玻璃瓶实验结果表明,强光照[100μmol·（m~2·s）~(-1)/无光照周期下藻丝漂浮百分率在30%-70%间变化,弱光照[25μmol·（m~2·s）~(-1)/无光照周期下藻丝漂浮百分率在30%-50%间变化,说明强光照[100μmol·（m~2·s）~(-1)/无光照周期下藻丝具有明显的沉降与漂浮特征.1昼夜内,藻细胞蛋白质和伪空胞的变化不明显,糖含量在14%-35%间变化,藻丝的浮力对光照的响应可能通过藻细胞的糖含量变化实现.

语种： 中文

作者： Xue, Nandong*;Li, Fasheng;Hou, Hong;Li, Binwen

期刊： Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2008年27(5):1055-1062 ISSN：0730-7268

通讯作者： Xue, Nandong

作者机构： [Xue, Nandong; Li, Fasheng; Hou, Hong] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China.;[Li, Binwen] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xue, Nandong] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, 8 Dayangfang, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Xue, Nandong] C;Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, 8 Dayangfang, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China.

关键词： Pesticides;Wetland;Sediment;Endocrine disruptor

摘要： Wetlands are important habitats and spawning grounds to a diverse wildlife population and are particularly vulnerable to adverse effects of endocrine disrupters. Many pesticides possess hormonal activity and have thus been classified as endocrine disrupters. A new analytical method based on ultrasonic-assisted extraction, solid-phase extraction, and gas chromatography technologies was developed for analysis of selected potential endocrine-disrupting pesticide residues in wetland sediment samples from northern Beijing, China. The newly developed method was a less time-consuming and less solvent-consuming way of analyzing residues without an air-drying process prior to extraction. The selected pesticides included the compounds hexachlorocyclohexane, cyclodiene, DDTs, chlordane, hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor, endrin aldehyde, heptachlor epoxide, dicofol, acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor, chlorpyrifos, nitrofen, trifluralin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, and deltamethrin. Characterization and identification of the selected endocrine-disrupting pesticide residues in sediments may help to assess current pollution status of endocrine-disrupting pesticides in the area. Total concentrations of pesticides ranged from 15.4 to 38.1 ng/g (dry weight) with a mean concentration of 23.7 ng/g (dry weight) for sediment samples. Although levels of all detected pesticides were below the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, USA, sediment quality criteria, considering the potential health effects of endocrine disrupters even in a trace level, the use of the pesticides in the agricultural system should be minimized and regular monitoring is needed in the area. © 2008 SETAC.

语种： 英文

作者： Yu, Xiao-Zhang;Gu, Ji-Dong*;Xing, Li-Qun

期刊： Ecotoxicology,2008年17(8):747-755 ISSN：0963-9292

通讯作者： Gu, Ji-Dong

作者机构： [Xing, Li-Qun; Yu, Xiao-Zhang] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 41028, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Gu, Ji-Dong] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Lab Environm Toxicol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Gu, Ji-Dong] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Lab Environm Toxicol, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Gu, Ji-Dong] U;Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Lab Environm Toxicol, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.

关键词： Bioremediation;Chromium;Hexavalent chromium;Translocation;Trivalent chromium;Uptake;Willows

摘要： Uptake and translocation of chromium (Cr) by two willow species was investigated. Intact pre-rooted weeping willows (Salix babylonica L.) and hankow willows (Salix matsudana Koidz) were grown hydroponically and spiked with hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] or trivalent chromium [Cr (III)] at 25.0 ± 0.5°C for 120 h. Removal of leaves was also performed as a treatment to quantify the effect of transpiration on uptake and translocation of either of the Cr species. Although the two willow species were able to eliminate Cr (VI) and Cr (III) from the hydroponic solution, significant differences in the removal rate for both chemical species were observed between the two willows (p < 0.05): faster removal rate for Cr (III) than Cr (VI) was detected in both willow species; hankow willows showed higher removal potential for both chemical species than weeping willows. Remarkable decreases in the removal rates for both Cr species were detected in the willows with leaves removed (p < 0.05). The results from the treatments spiked with Cr (VI) also revealed that Cr was more mobile in plant materials of hankow willows than that in weeping willows (p < 0.01), while higher translocation efficiency of Cr was observed in weeping willows than hankow willows for the Cr (III) treated (p < 0.01). However, a convincing decrease in the translocation efficiency due to the removal of leaves was only observed in the treatments spiked with Cr (VI) (p < 0.05). Substantial differences existed in the distribution of Cr species in plant materials after exposure of either of the chemical forms: roots and lower stems were the major sites for accumulation in weeping willows exposed to Cr (VI) and Cr (III), respectively; in contrast roots were the only sink in hankow willows exposed to both chemical species. The capacity of willows to assimilate both Cr species was also evaluated using detached leaves and roots of both willow species in sealed glass vessels in vivo. The results indicated that detached roots showed a more remarkable capacity to remove Cr (III) from the hydroponic solution than Cr (VI) (p < 0.01). Although detached leaves of both willow species were able to efficiently eliminate Cr (III), neither of them reduced the concentration of Cr (VI) in the solution. The results suggests that different mechanisms for uptake, assimilation and translocation of Cr (VI) and Cr (III) exist in different willow species and phytoremediation of Cr should consider this factor for the proposed target effectively. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

语种： 英文

作者： Yu, Xiao-Zhang;Gu, Ji-Dong*;Li, Tian-Peng

期刊： Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2008年55(2):229-237 ISSN：0090-4341

通讯作者： Gu, Ji-Dong

作者机构： [Gu, Ji-Dong; Yu, Xiao-Zhang] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Lab Environm Toxicol, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Li, Tian-Peng] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 41028, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Gu, Ji-Dong] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Lab Environm Toxicol, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Gu, Ji-Dong] U;Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Lab Environm Toxicol, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.

摘要： The effects of additional nitrogen on the toxicity and removal of ferrocyanide and ferricyanide by cyanogenic plants were investigated. Maize (Zea mays L. var. ZN 304) seedlings were grown in the hydroponic solutions with or without additional nitrogen, and amended with either potassium ferrocyanide or potassium ferricyanide at 25.0 ± 0.5°C for 144 h. Various physiological parameters were monitored to determine the responses of the plant seedlings to the exposure of these two chemicals. A remarkable decrease in transpiration rate, biomass, shoot length, chlorophyll contents, and soluble proteins was evident for maize seedlings grown in the N-free hydroponic solutions spiked with either ferrocyanide or ferricyanide (P < 0.01), but slight changes were observed in the selective parameters in the N-containing hydroponic solutions spiked with either of these chemicals (P > 0.05). A higher removal of ferrocyanide than ferricyanide was registered in the N-free hydroponic solutions, but more ferricyanide than ferrocyanide was removed by maize grown in the N-containing nutrient solutions (P < 0.01). Although roots of maize accumulated iron cyanides, more cyanide was recovered in plant materials of those grown in the N-containing hydroponic solutions than the N-free nutrient solutions (P < 0.05). Mass balance analysis indicated that the majority of the iron cyanides removed from solution was assimilated by maize and additional nitrogen had a significantly negative impact on the uptake of both chemicals (P < 0.01). Results of this study suggest that uptake and assimilation mechanisms for ferrocyanide and ferricyanide might be quite different in maize and the application of the external nitrogen has a substantial influence on the removal of both iron cyanides by plants. None of the iron cyanide complexes can serve as a sole nitrogen source to support maize growth. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

语种： 英文

作者： 郭海彦;周卫军;张杨珠;黄运湘;周清;...

期刊： 环境科学,2008年29(8):2320-2326 ISSN：0250-3301

通讯作者： Guo, H.-Y.(guoliyan_001@163.com)

作者机构： 湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙,410128;湖南省地质研究所,长沙,410007;[郭海彦; 周卫军; 张杨珠; 黄运湘; 周清; 颜雄; 张建新; 陈强春; 毛昌明] (1) College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (2) Hunan Geological Institute, Changsha 410007, China

关键词： 重金属;土壤环境质量;茶园;污染指数;长沙“百里茶廊”

摘要： 采用野外调查采样和室内分析方法测定了长沙“百里茶廊”茶叶基地土壤重金属含量,研究了其分布特征及变化规律,并用污染指数方法评价了其土壤环境质量.结果表明,土壤全铅、全汞、全镉、全铬、全砷和全镍含量值基本在土壤背景值范围内,平均含量值分别为42.7、0.068、0.074、92.2、12.4和19.5 mg/kg,均低于无公害茶叶产地环境条件标准（NY 5020-2001）所要求的最低值.根据国家《土壤环境质量标准》,长沙＂百里茶廊＂茶叶基地的土壤环境质量全部符合国家二级标准,且汞、镉、镍元素的含量达到国家一级标准.除湘丰茶场土壤铬的单项污染指数为0.837,处于警戒级别土壤质量尚清洁外,其它5种重金属的单项污染指数均小于0.7,处于安全级别土壤清洁无污染.6个茶叶基地的综合污染指数均小于0.7,表明长沙“百里茶廊”茶叶基地的土壤环境质量总体达到安全级别土壤清洁无污染,适合无公害茶叶基地的建设.

语种： 中文

作者： 陈丽华;冯怡;徐德生;李俊松;张梁;...

期刊： 中国中药杂志,2008年33(5):509-513 ISSN：1001-5302

通讯作者： Chen, L.-H.

作者机构： [卜庆国; 罗建新; 杨琼; 郭维; 董心亮; 杨***] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院

通讯机构： Center of Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China

关键词： 含甘草酸效应组分;微丸;释放度

摘要： 目的:应用挤出滚圆法制备含甘草酸效应组分速释微丸,采用Eudragit RS 100与Eudragi RL 100 2种包衣材料,制备含甘草酸效应组分缓释微丸.方法:采用Mini Glatt流化床底喷包衣法制备缓释微丸,对其包衣工艺及处方进行单因素考察,评价微丸的粉体学性质和体外释放行为.结果:当Eudragit RS 100与Eudragit RL 100的质量比为4:1,聚合物包衣增重为5%,增塑剂用量为15%时,药物具有明显的缓释作用,体外释放曲线符合.Pep-pas和Higuchi方程.结论:通过调整Eudragit RS 100与Eudragit RL 100的比例,或提高聚合物包衣增重等手段,能使含甘草酸效应组分缓释微丸具备较理想的缓释效果.

语种： 中文

作者： 王闰平;荣湘民

期刊： 应用生态学报,2008年19(10):2259-2264 ISSN：1001-9332

通讯作者： Wang, R.-P.

作者机构： [荣湘民] College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;College of Economy and Trade, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801 Shanxi, China;[王闰平] College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China, College of Economy and Trade, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801 Shanxi, China

通讯机构： [Wang, R.-P.] C;College of Resource and Environment, , Changsha 410128, China

关键词： 山西省;农业生态系统;能值分析;效率

摘要： 采用能值分析方法对2005年山西省农业生态经济系统的投入产出状况、运行效率和环境负荷进行了系统分析.结果表明：2005年，山西省农业生态系统仍处于主要依赖人力有机能和环境资源的传统农业阶段；研究区系统能值投资率（EIR）为1.07，能值产出率（EYR）为0.99，环境负载率（ELR）为6.55；在农业结构调整方面，畜牧业取得了长足发展，而小杂粮、蔬菜和干鲜果的能值产出仍较小，远未成为优势产业；研究区农业生态系统整体的回报效率较低，承受的压力较大.山西省今后应继续转移农业剩余劳动力、控制人口增长，同时加大农业科技辅助能值投入、提高环境资源的利用效率，使系统能值的投入产出向高水平发展.

语种： 中文

作者： 周卫军;曾希柏;张杨珠;周清;郭海彦;...

期刊： 应用生态学报,2007年18(5):1043-1048 ISSN：1001-9332

通讯作者： Zhou, W.-J.

作者机构： [陈建国; 张杨珠; 颜雄; 周卫军; 郭海彦; 周清] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Zeng X.-B.] Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

通讯机构： [Zhou, W.-J.] C;College of Resources and Environment, , Changsha 410128, China

关键词： 稻田生态系统;施肥措施;微生物量碳;氮;土壤肥力

摘要： 以湖南省稻田土壤肥力监测点为基础,研究了稻田生态系统土壤微生物量碳、氮的特性.结果表明,不同施肥措施对不同地域和母质发育的稻田生态系统土壤微生物量碳、氮的影响程度不同.经过18年的不同施肥处理,不同母质发育的稻田生态系统土壤微生物量碳、氮的变化趋势基本一致,变化顺序为湖积物发育的水稻土＞河流冲积物和第四纪红土发育的水稻土＞石灰岩发育的水稻土＞板页岩发育的水稻土.土壤微生物量碳为259.5～864.4 mg·kg~(-1),土壤微生物量氮为8.7～70.7 mg·kg~(-1).施肥可以明显提高稻田生态系统土壤微生物量碳、氮含量;有机肥是改善土壤微生物量碳、氮的主要基础物质,但以有机无机配合施用效果最好.与对照相比,施化肥和有机无机配施处理土壤微生物量碳、氮最大增量分别为407.6和59.2 mg·kg~(-1),最大增长率分别为102.8%和514.8%.

语种： 中文

作者： Yu, Xiao-Zhang;Trapp, Stefan*;Zhou, Pu-Hua;Chen, Liang

期刊： International Journal of Phytoremediation,2007年9(3):243-255 ISSN：1522-6514

通讯作者： Trapp, Stefan

作者机构： [Trapp, Stefan] Tech Univ Denmark, Inst Environm & Resources, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.;Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Trapp, Stefan] T;Tech Univ Denmark, Inst Environm & Resources, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.

关键词： Cyanide;Metabolism;Phytoremediation;Temperature;Weeping willows

摘要： Plants' uptake and metabolism of cyanide in response to changes in temperature was investigated. Pre-rooted weeping willows (Salix babylonica L.) were exposed to hydroponic solution spiked with potassium cyanide for 2-3 d. Ten different temperatures were used, ranging from 11 degrees C to 32 degrees C. Cyanide in water, plant tissue, and air was analyzed spectrophotometrically. The results revealed that significant amounts of the applied cyanide were removed from the aqueous solutions in the presence of plants. Small amounts of free cyanide were detected in plant materials in all treatments, but there was no clear trend that showed an increase or decrease in the accumulation in plant material with temperature. The highest cyanide metabolism rate for weeping willows was found at 32 degrees C with a value of 2.78 mg CN/(kg center dot d), whereas the lowest value was 1.20 mg CN/(kg center dot d) at 11 degrees C. The temperature coefficient, Q(10), which is the ratio of metabolism rates at a 10 degrees C difference, was determined for weeping willows to be 1.46. In conclusion, changes in temperature have a substantial influence on the uptake and metabolism of cyanide by plants, but cyanide accumulation does not increase with temperature.

语种： 英文

作者： 彭佩钦;仇少君;童成立;任秀娥

期刊： 环境科学,2007年28(8):1816-1821 ISSN：0250-3301

通讯作者： Peng, P.-Q.(pqpeng@isa.ac.cn)

作者机构： [彭佩钦; 童成立; 任秀娥] 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所;[仇少君] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院

关键词： 水稻土;长期肥料定位试验;微生物生物量氮;土壤有机氮组分

摘要： 以亚热带2个国家级稻田土壤肥力变化长期定位监测点的土样为对象,研究了长期施肥对土壤微生物生物量氮(B_N)和有机氮组分的影响.采用氯仿熏蒸-K_2SO_4提取法和酸水解-蒸馏法分别对耕层土壤微生物生物量氮和有机氮组分进行了测定.结果表明,经过17a的有机无机肥配合施用,土壤氮含量水平较低的宁乡点,土壤全氮平均每年增加约40 mg·kg~(-1),而土壤氮含量水平较高的南县点,平均每年增加约55 mg·kg~(-1).有机无机肥长期配合施用也提高了土壤微生物生物量氮和微生物生物量氮占全氮的比例;同时也显著增加酸解性氮及氨基酸态氮、酸解未知氮的含量.此外,土壤酸解性氮及其组分均与微生物生物量氮存在极显著的正相关关系,其中氨基酸态氮和酸解未知氮对微生物生物量氮的影响最大.研究表明,有机无机肥配施是使稻田土壤氮素含量提高的重要措施,有机无机肥配施促进了土壤氮库的积累,即易矿化和较难矿化2部分氮库同时增加.

语种： 中文

作者： 汤灿;曾清如;李国学;杨成建;廖柏寒

期刊： 环境科学,2007年28(2):358-362 ISSN：0250-3301

通讯作者： Tang, C.(mengsy3219@sina.com.cn)

作者机构： [汤灿; 李国学] 中国农业大学资源环境学院;[曾清如; 杨成建; 廖柏寒] 湖南农业大学环境科学系

关键词： 中性氧化铝;离子型表面活性剂;吸附作用;甲基对硫磷

摘要： 分别应用离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）改性中性氧化铝对甲基对硫磷这种疏水性环境污染物进行吸附性能研究．结果表明，中性氧化铝对甲基对硫磷的吸附行为与表面活性剂的种类和浓度及环境中pH值有关．原中性氧化铝对甲基对硫磷的吸附能力较小，加入阴离子表面活性剂及调节pH值后其吸附能力增强．氧化铝对3种离子型表面活性剂的吸附性能有所不同，在中性条件下，对SDS的吸附量最大，对CTMAB的吸附量最小；当介质pH为4时。氧化铝对SDS或SDBS的吸附量都有所增大，对CTMAB的吸附量则下降．甲基对硫磷和阴离子表面活性剂同时存在于溶液中时，产生协同效应，使氧化铝对甲基对硫磷的吸附能力有所提高．而阳离子表面活性剂存在下，氧化铝对甲基对硫磷的吸附能力则逐渐下降．

语种： 中文

作者： 储昭升;金相灿;阎峰;郑朔方;庞燕;...

期刊： 环境科学,2007年28(11):2457-2461 ISSN：0250-3301

通讯作者： Chu, Z.-S.(chuzs@craes.org.cn)

作者机构： [储昭升; 金相灿; 郑朔方; 庞燕] 中国环境科学研究院湖泊环境创新基地;[阎峰; 曾清如] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院

关键词： 铜绿微囊藻;四尾栅藻

摘要： 铁限制不但会影响浮游植物的种群密度,而且会影响浮游植物的群落结构.为了探讨有机配体和铁的作用对湖泊中浮游植物的种群竞争,采用批量培养的方法,研究了不同EDTA及Fe浓度下,太湖蓝藻铜绿微囊藻和绿藻四尾栅藻的生长和竞争.结果表明,较高浓度的EDTA(≥13.5μmol/L)可以抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,但不抑制四尾栅藻,因而有利于四尾栅藻占据优势;铁的浓度由3 μmol/L增大至18 μmol/L时,可缓解较高浓度EDTA(13.5～27 μmol/L)对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用,而增大其它微量元素浓度(B、Mn、Zn、Cu、Mo等)则无此作用;说明高浓度EDTA与铁的螯合作用能抑制铜绿微囊藻而不抑制四尾栅藻.高浓度EDTA对2种藻具有不同影响的原因可能是2种藻对铁的吸收机制不同.

语种： 中文