Short-term alleviation of aluminum phytotoxicity by urea application in acid soils from south China
作者：
Zeng, QR* ;Liao, BH;Zhang, LT;Zhou, XH;Tang, HX
期刊：
Chemosphere ,2006年63(5):860-868 ISSN：0045-6535
通讯作者：
Zeng, QR
作者机构：
Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Aquat Chem, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zeng, QR] Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Aquat Chem, POB 2871, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zeng, QR] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Aquat Chem, POB 2871, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
关键词：
soils;urea application;pH;Al toxicity
摘要：
A laboratory experiment was conducted to study effects of urea fertilizer on the chemical composition of soil solutions over time, and to determine Al toxicity as a function of rates of urea application. The experiment revealed that addition of urea fertilizer to soils caused drastic changes in soil pH during the hydrolysis and nitrification stages of urea transformation in the experiment. These pH changes, depending on the N rate of urea application and time courses, had variable effects on soil exchangeable Al, extracted with artificial solutions containing 1 mol l-1 KCl. The Al mobilization rate could be resolved into two phases: A declining phase for Al was attributed to the urea-induced hydrolysis while a second rising phase was dependent with the nitrification of added N fertilizer. The decreases in exchangeable Al reached the greatest in 4-7 days after fertilization, consistent with soil pH increase. Decreased Al availability had been observed as a consequence of increasing urea addition and soil pH when using Root elongation of maize seedlings as the estimators. Results from the present study demonstrate that urea fertilizer to the surface of soils may lead to a temporary immobilization of Al and, therefore, alleviated Al toxicity to plant seedlings. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
语种：
英文
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Distribution of Al-, Fe- and Mn-pools and their correlation in soils from two acid deposition small catchments in Hunan, China
作者：
Xue, Nandong* ;Seip, Hans Martin;Guo, Jinheng;Liao, Bohan;Zeng, Qingru
期刊：
Chemosphere ,2006年65(11):2468-2476 ISSN：0045-6535
通讯作者：
Xue, Nandong
作者机构：
[Xue, Nandong] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.;Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xue, Nandong] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Acid deposition;Al-pools;Fe-pools;Hunan;Mn-pools;Small catchment;Soil
摘要：
Distribution of Al-, Fe- and Mn-pools was investigated in five forest soil profiles (consisting of four horizons) in each of two Hunan catchments (BLT and LKS) where acid deposition has been considered critical. Al- and Fe-pools were higher in BLT than those in LKS, but Mn-pools much lower in BLT. Mn-pools vary from topsoils to bottom soils, but there are different trends for different Mn speciation. Al- and Fe-pools, except amorphous Feox, were positively correlated to contents of soil organic matter (OM) showed by the loss on ignition in the two catchments. Accumulation of Al- and Fe-pools may occur in the area where soil organic matter was enriched (e.g. in top soil and rhizosphere soil). However, no direct correlation is observed between Mn and OM. Acidic atmospheric deposition may affect transforming among speciations of Al-, Fe- and Mn-pools and leaching of soil Al, Fe and Mn through formation of soluble organo-metal dissolved Al which was potentially toxic, increased. There were significant correlations between Al-pools complexes or change of oxidation-reduction conditions. Mnex (exchangeable Mn) and Mnox (amorphous and organic Mn) were highly linearly correlation with soil pH values at LKS but at BLT. Under acid deposition, the availability of the nutrient Fe increased with the amount of dissolved Al, which was potentially toxic, in the two catchments. There are no significant correlations between Alex (exchangeable Al) and Mnex, Feex (exchangeable Fe) and Mnex in this work, indicating potentially toxic Mn increase seldom accompanying with Al increase in the two catchments. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
语种：
英文
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镉处理对大豆幼苗生长及激素含量的影响
作者：
黄运湘;廖柏寒;肖浪涛;刘素纯;王志坤
期刊：
环境科学 ,2006年27(7):1398-1401 ISSN：0250-3301
通讯作者：
Huang, Y.-X.
作者机构：
[黄运湘; 王志坤] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院;[廖柏寒] 中南林学院资源环境学院;[肖浪涛; 刘素纯] 湖南农业大学植物激素实验室
关键词：
大豆;镉污染;幼苗;植物激素
摘要：
采用室内培养试验，通过测定植株生理生化指标，研究了不同浓度Cd^2＋处理对大豆幼苗生长及激素含量的影响．结果表明：①不同浓度Cd^2＋处理对大豆幼苗地下部生长素（IAA）和赤霉素（GA3）的合成有抑制效应，对地上部生长素（IAA）和赤霉素（GA3）的合成具有低浓度下的刺激效应和高浓度下的抑制效应；对地下部、地上部玉米素（Z）和脱落酸（ABA）的合成均有刺激效应．②Cd^2＋处理84h对大豆幼苗根系活力、叶绿素a和叶绿素b的合成有刺激效应，对类胡萝卜素的合成无影响．③Cd^2＋处理对过氧化物酶（POD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量具有低浓度下的抑制效应和高浓度下的激活效应，且随着Cd^2＋浓度的增加激活效应逐渐加强．④短时间、低浓度Cd^2＋胁迫可刺激大豆幼苗的生理活性，以Cd^2＋处理浓度为0．50mg／L时，大豆幼苗根系活力最大，IAA和GA3含量最高，POD活性最低，植物生理活性最强．
语种：
中文
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Response of weeping willows to linear alkylbenzene sulfonate
作者：
Yu, Xiaozhang* ;Trapp, Stefan;Zhou, Puhua;Peng, Xiaoying;Cao, Xi
期刊：
Chemosphere ,2006年64(1):43-48 ISSN：0045-6535
通讯作者：
Yu, Xiaozhang
作者机构：
[Yu, Xiaozhang] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Tech Univ Denmark, Inst Environm & Resources DTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.;Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yu, Xiaozhang] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
LAS;linear alkylbenzene sulfonate;toxicity;transpiration;willows;enzyme activity;SLUDGE-AMENDED SOILS;RISK-ASSESSMENT;AGRICULTURAL SOIL;TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT;SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASES;PLANTS
摘要：
Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is the most commonly used anionic surfactant in laundry detergents and cleaning agents. LAS compounds are found in surface waters and soils. The short-term acute toxicity of LAS to weeping willows (Salix babylonica L.) was investigated. Willow cuttings were grown in hydroponic solution spiked with LAS at 24.0 ± 1 °C for 192 h. The normalized relative transpiration of plants was used to determine toxicity. Severe reduction of the transpiration was only found for high doses of LAS ({greater than or slanted equal to}240 mg l-1). Chlorophyll contents in leaves of treated plants varied with the dose of LAS, but there was no significant linear correlation. The activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were quantified at the end of experiments. At higher concentrations of LAS ({greater than or slanted equal to}240 mg l-1), the activities of SOD and CAT were decreased. The correlation between the dose of LAS and the POD activity in leaf cells was the highest of all enzyme assays (R2 = 0.5). EC50 values for a 50% inhibition of the transpiration of the trees were estimated to 374 mg l-1 (72 h) and 166 mg l-1 (192 h). Results from this experiment indicated that phytotoxic effects of LAS on willow trees are not expected for normal environmental conditions. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
语种：
英文
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淹水培养条件下土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氮的动态
作者：
仇少君;彭佩钦;荣湘民;刘强;唐麒
期刊：
应用生态学报 ,2006年17(11):2052-2058 ISSN：1001-9332
通讯作者：
Qiu, S.
作者机构：
中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态重点实验室,长沙,410125;湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙,410128;中国农业大学资源环境学院,北京,100094;[彭佩钦] Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Science, Changsha 410125, China, College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Qiu S.] Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Science, Changsha 410125, China, College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China, College of Resource and Enrironment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
通讯机构：
[Qiu, S.] K;Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-Ecology, , Changsha 410125, China
关键词：
土壤微生物生物量碳;土壤微生物生物量氮;土壤可溶性有机碳;土壤可溶性有机氮;水稻土
摘要：
以洞庭湖区2个典型水稻土(红黄泥和紫潮泥)为对象,研究了25 ℃、淹水培养条件下稻草-硫铵配施和单施硫铵处理土壤微生物生物量碳、氮(SMBC、SMBN)和可溶性有机碳、氮(SDOC、SDON)的动态变化.结果表明,SMBC、SMBN和SDOC、SDON在培养前期达到峰值,之后降低,并趋于稳定.添加底物后,2种土壤不同处理土壤微生物生物量碳与有机碳(SMBC/TC)和土壤微生物生物量氮与全氮(SMBN/TN)的平均值都在2%～3%之间变化;可溶性碳与全碳(SDOC/TC)的平均值为1%左右,可溶性氮与全氮(SDON/TN)平均值为5%～6%.2种土壤中SMBC峰值单施硫铵处理最大,但与稻草-硫铵配施处理差异均不显著;SMBN、SDOC和SDON峰值稻草-硫铵配施最大.稻草-硫铵配施与单施硫铵处理中,低肥力红黄泥的SMBN、SDOC和SDON峰值差异显著;而高肥力紫潮泥SMBN和SDOC峰值差异不显著.前7 d,SMBC/SMBN＜10;14 d后,同一时刻单施硫铵处理SMBC/SMBN＞稻草-硫铵配施.不同处理的SDOC/SDON 3 d时最大,28 d时最小.
语种：
中文
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EDTA溶液修复重金属污染土壤的效果及金属的形态变化特征
作者：
王显海;刘云国;曾光明;周春华;李欣;...
期刊：
环境科学 ,2006年27(5):1008-1012 ISSN：0250-3301
通讯作者：
Wang, X.-H.
作者机构：
湖南大学环境科学与工程学院,长沙,410082;中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳,110016;天津市环境监测中心,天津,300191;[樊霆] 樊霆;[左明] 左明
关键词：
化学萃取;尾矿;重金属;金属形态
摘要：
采用0．05mol·L^-1的EDTA作为萃取剂，在一定的萃取条件下，对2种尾矿土壤中重金属进行土壤柱萃取实验，并采用优化的BCR（European Community Bureau of Reference）连续萃取方案对萃取前后的Ph、Zn、Cu和Cd进行形态分析．研究EDTA对4种金属的萃取效率及萃取前后的形态变化特征．结果表明，EDTA能有效的从土壤中萃取该4种金属，萃取效率依次为：Cd〉Zn〉Cu〉Pb；金属的4种形态均能被EDTA萃取；在浅层土壤中，EDTA对酸可提态的金属的萃取效果尤为显著；在深层土壤中，酸可提取态、氧化物结合态、有机结合态和残余态4种形态的金属萃取效果，随着土壤柱深度的增加而降低。
语种：
中文
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Solubilization and desorption of methyl-parathion from porous media: A comparison of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and two nonionic surfactants
作者：
Zeng, QR* ;Tang, HX;Liao, BH;Zhong, TF;Tang, C
期刊：
Water Research ,2006年40(7):1351-1358 ISSN：0043-1354
通讯作者：
Zeng, QR
作者机构：
[Zeng, QR] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Environm Aquat Chem, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zeng, QR] C;Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Environm Aquat Chem, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
关键词：
HOCs;HPCD;Soil washing;Surfactants
摘要：
The removal of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) from soils and sediments by water flushing is often constrained by sorption interactions. The development of improved methods for remediation of contaminated soils has emerged as a significant environmental priority. Increasing HOCs desorption and mobility in soil using surfactants is considered to be one of the most suitable on-site techniques for soil remediation. A major concern regarding the use of surfactants for environmental restoration is the potential loss to the environment of large amounts of surfactant through sorption of nonionic types. A study was conducted to investigate whether surfactants and cyclodextrins can be used to enhance the transport of methyl-parathion in a contaminated soil. At aqueous concentrations of surfactants tested, the proportion of each surfactant sorbed to the soil increased with increasing surfactant concentrations. The maximal adsorbed mass is about 5130 and 14,200 μg/g for Brij 35 and Tween 80, respectively. In the case of nonionic surfactants, sorption attenuates surfactant effectiveness by increasing the organic carbon content of the soil matrix and retarding transport of methyl-parathion through batch and soil column experiments. However, in contrast with the surfactants, hydroxypropyl-β- cyclodextrin (HPCD) does not interact with the soil tested. The nonreactive nature of cyclodextrins, combined with its large affinity for HOCs suggests that it should have an advantage versus adsorbing surfactants for decreasing HOC distribution coefficients in subsurface systems. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
语种：
英文
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几种硝化抑制剂对土壤和小白菜硝酸盐含量及产量的影响
作者：
余光辉;张杨珠;万大娟
期刊：
应用生态学报 ,2006年17(2):247-250 ISSN：1001-9332
通讯作者：
Yu, G.
作者机构：
[张杨珠] College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[万大娟] School of Environment and Engineering, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, China;[余光辉] College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China, School of Environment and Engineering, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, China
通讯机构：
[Yu, G.] C;College of Resource and Environment, , Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
硝化抑制剂;土壤;小白菜;硝酸盐;产量
摘要：
通过田间试验，对湖南长沙地区的红菜园土和冲积菜园土两种土壤条件下氢醌（HQ）、双氰胺（DCD）和硫脲（TU）3种硝化抑制剂对土壤和小白菜硝酸盐含缸及小白菜产量的影响进行研究．结果表明，3种硝化抑制剂在试验的各个时期均不同程度地降低了土壤和小白菜的硝酸盐含量，其中以双氰胺的效果最好．但不同供试土壤条件下的试验结果不完全一致．3种硝化抑制剂均可不同程度提高小白菜产量，其中双氰胺效果最好，且在红菜园土的增产效果比冲积菜园土显著．
语种：
中文
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Adsorption and degradation of benfuracarb in three soils in hunan, People's Republic of China
作者：
Xue, N* ;Yang, R;Xu, X;Seip, HM;Zang, Q
期刊：
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ,2006年76(4):720-727 ISSN：0007-4861
通讯作者：
Xue, N
作者机构：
[Xue, N] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.;Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.
通讯机构：
[Xue, N] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Waste Water;Water Management;Water Pollution;Environmental Chemistry;Beijing 100085
摘要：
No abstract available.
语种：
英文
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The potential for phytoremediation of iron cyanide complex by willows
作者：
Yu, Xiao-Zhang* ;Zhou, Pu-Hua;Yang, Yong-Miao
期刊：
Ecotoxicology ,2006年15(5):461-467 ISSN：0963-9292
通讯作者：
Yu, Xiao-Zhang
作者机构：
[Zhou, Pu-Hua; Yang, Yong-Miao; Yu, Xiao-Zhang] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yu, Xiao-Zhang] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Cyanide;Ferrocyanide;Metabolism;Phytoremediation;Transport
摘要：
Hybrid willows (Salix matsudana Koidz × Salix alba L.), weeping willows (Salix babylonica L.) and hankow willows (Salix matsudana Koidz) were exposed to potassium ferrocyanide to determine the potential of these plants to extract, transport and metabolize this iron cyanide complex. Young rooted cuttings were grown in hydroponic solution at 24.0 ± 0.5°C for 144 h. Ferrocyanide in solution, air, and aerial tissues of plants was analyzed spectrophotometrically. Uptake of ferrocyanide from the aqueous solution by plants was evident for all treatments and varied with plant species, ranging from 8.64 to 15.67% of initial mass. The uptake processes observed from hydroponic solution showed exponential disappearance kinetics. Very little amounts of the applied ferrocyanide were detected in all parts of plant materials, confirming passage of ferrocyanide through the plants. No ferrocyanide in air was found due to plant transpiration. Mass balance analysis showed that a large fraction of the reduction of initial mass in hydroponic solution was metabolized during transport within the plant materials. The difference in the metabolic rate of ferrocyanide between the three plant species was comparably small, indicating transport of ferrocyanide from hydroponic solution to plant materials and further transport within plant materials was a limiting step for assimilating this iron cyanide complex. In conclusion, phytoremediation of ferrocyanide by the plants tested in this study has potential field application. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2006.
语种：
英文
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湖南典型农田土壤有机碳含量及其演变趋势
作者：
彭佩钦;刘强;黄道友;汪汉林;唐国勇;...
期刊：
环境科学 ,2006年27(7):1319-1322 ISSN：0250-3301
作者机构：
中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态重点实验室,长沙,410125;湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙,410128;[彭佩钦; 唐国勇; 黄道友; 汪汉林; 苏以荣] 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所;[刘强] 湖南农业大学
关键词：
洞庭湖区;土壤有机碳;耕作制度;变化趋势
摘要：
以湖南省沅江市（28°42′～29°11′N、112°16′～112°56′E）为代表，通过典型样区密集取样分析和同一区域的历史资料比较，研究了洞庭湖区农业用地土壤有机碳的演变趋势，发现稻田土壤有机碳在最近25a中稳步增加，而改为旱地的土壤有机碳含量减少．2004年典型样区土壤有机碳均值为（26．66±4．93）g·kg^-1，主要分布区间为20～35g·kg^-1，比1979提高22．64％；其中耕作制度为双季稻的土壤有机碳含量，由1979年的20．29g·kg^-1提高到了2004年的28．12g·kg^-1，年均增加量约313．5mg·kg^-1（年递增率为1．15％）；耕作制度为一季稻的土壤有机碳含量，由1979年的20．29g·kg^-1提高到了2004年的27．25g·kg^-1，年均增加量约278．3mg·kg^-1（年递增率为1．16％），耕作制度为水旱轮作的土壤有机碳含量，由1979年的20．29g·kg^-1提高到了2004年的23．90g·kg^-1，年均增加量约144．5mg·kg^-1（年递增率为0．78％），而改为旱地的土壤有机碳含量，由1979年的20．29g·kg^-1降低到了2004年的18．40g·kg^-1，年均减少量约75．48mg·kg^-1（年递减率为0．37％）．方差分析表明，稻田土壤有机碳的增加达到了极显著水平，改为旱地的土壤有机碳含量的减少未达到了显著水平．表明洞庭湖区不同利用类型的土地均是重要的固碳场所，农业用地的土壤有机碳库是大气CO2循环的“汇”，而不是“源”．
语种：
中文
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尿素和包膜尿素对大棚内有害气体浓度变化的影响
作者：
周细红;曾清如;毛小云;张利田;廖柏寒;...
期刊：
应用生态学报 ,2006年17(9):1604-1608 ISSN：1001-9332
通讯作者：
Zhou, X.
作者机构：
[铁柏清; 廖柏寒; 周细红] College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[张利田] Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;[廖宗文; 毛小云] College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;[Zeng Q.] College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
通讯机构：
[Zhou, X.] C;College of Resource and Environment, , Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
尿素;包膜尿素;pH值;有害气体浓度;大棚
摘要：
通过室内模拟和塑料大棚试验,研究了普通尿素和矿物改性包膜尿素对土壤pH值及大棚内有害气体浓度变化的影响.结果表明,在室内模拟试验条件下,两种氮肥施用初期均导致土壤pH值上升,并于1周后达到最大值,上升幅度超过50%,随后开始下降,至第5周回到初始水平.大棚内施用两种氮肥均使棚内NH3、NO2和O3浓度增加,其中施用普通尿素处理的NH3、NO2日均挥发量均大于矿物改性包膜尿素;施用普通尿素处理使大棚内土壤的NH3、棚内NO2和O3的最高浓度达到42.36、41.95和86.00 μg·m-3·d-1,3种气体浓度均达到了有害气体伤害植物的临界阈值;NH3、NO2挥发强度受棚温和光照强度的影响,O3浓度随光照强度变化而改变.
语种：
中文
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Complex toxic effects of Cd2+, Zn2+, and acid rain on growth of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L)
作者：
Liao, BH* ;Liu, HY;Zeng, QE;Yu, PZ;Probst, A;...
期刊：
Environment International ,2005年31(6):891-895 ISSN：0160-4120
通讯作者：
Liao, BH
作者机构：
[Liao, BH] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Univ Toulouse 3, LTMG, CNRS, UMR 5563, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
通讯机构：
[Liao, BH] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Acid rain;Cd2+;Complex toxic effect;Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L);Zn2+
摘要：
Complex toxic effects of Cd2+, Zn2+, and acid rain on growth of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) were studied in a pot experiment by measurement of fresh weights of the plants, determination of surperoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the plant organs, and observation of injury symptoms. The experimental results demonstrated that all treatments of Cd2+, Zn2+, and/or acid rain significantly decreased fresh weights of kidney bean and caused toxic effects on growth of the plants, especially higher amounts of Cd2+ and Zn2+ and higher acidity of acid rain. Combination of these three pollutant factors resulted in more serious toxic effects than any single pollutant and than combinations of any two pollutants. SOD, POD, and MDA in the plant organs changed with different pollution levels, but MDA content in the leaves showed the best relationship between the pollution levels and toxic effects.
语种：
英文
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Recycling EDTA solutions used to remediate metal-polluted soils
作者：
Zeng, QR;Sauve, S;Allen, HE;Hendershot, WH*
期刊：
Environmental Pollution ,2005年133(2):225-231 ISSN：0269-7491
通讯作者：
Hendershot, WH
作者机构：
McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada.;Hunan Agr Univ, Sect Environm Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Univ Montreal, Dept Chim, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada.;Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;[Hendershot, WH] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Macdonald Campus,21 222 Lakeshore Rd, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada.
通讯机构：
[Hendershot, WH] M;McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Macdonald Campus,21 222 Lakeshore Rd, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada.
关键词：
soil remediation;chelating reagents;metal separation;EDTA recovery;EXTRACTIVE DECONTAMINATION;CONTAMINATED SOIL;HEAVY-METALS;ORGANIC-ACIDS;REMOVAL;PB;RECOVERY
摘要：
The objective of this research was to investigate the recycling of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) used for the removal of trace metals from contaminated soils. We successfully used Na2S combined with Ca(OH)(2) to precipitate the trace metals allowing us to recycle the EDTA. The results of batch and column leaching experiments show that both Ca-EDTA and Na-EDTA are powerful chelating agents with a similar soil remediation potential. The major advantage of Ca-EDTA is the preservation of soil organic matter. We found that Na2S was capable of separating the metals Cd, Cu and Pb from EDTA; however, the precipitation of Zn required the addition of Ca(OH)(2). After reusing the reclaimed EDTA seven times, over a 14-day period, EDTA reagent losses ranged from 19.5% to 23.5%. Successive washing cycles enhanced the removal of trace metals from contaminated soils. The metal sulfide precipitates contain high concentrations of metals and could potentially be recycled. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
语种：
英文
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Phytotoxicity of cyanide to weeping willow trees
作者：
Yu, XZ* ;Trapp, S;Zhou, PH
期刊：
Environmental Science and Pollution Research ,2005年12(2):109-113 ISSN：0944-1344
通讯作者：
Yu, XZ
作者机构：
[Yu, XZ] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Tech Univ Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
通讯机构：
[Yu, XZ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
China;Cyanide;Phytoremediation;Toxicity;Weeping willows
摘要：
Background. Cyanide is found predominantly in industrial effluents generated by metallurgical operations. It is an extremely toxic compound, so that problems and catastrophic accidents have recently occurred all around the globe. The goal of this study was to determine the toxicity of cyanide to a Chinese willow species, and to determine the removal capacity. Methods. The toxicity of potassium cyanide (KCN) to weeping willow trees (Salix babylonica L.) was tested. The normalized, relative transpiration of the plants was used to determine the phytotoxicity of cyanide. The cyanide removal capacity of weeping willows was also determined. Results and Discussion. In hydroponic solution, no chlorosis of leaves and only a small reduction in normalized relative transpiration was observed when weeping willows were exposed to low doses of cyanide (≤ 0.93 mg CN/L). Severe signs of toxicity were found for the treatment groups exposed to higher doses of cyanide (≥ 9.3 mg CN/L). Weeping willows grown in sandy soils survived the entire period (216 hours) without any toxic effect when irrigated with low doses of cyanide (3.72 mg CN/L). High doses of cyanide (≥ 18.6 mg CN/L) in irrigation water were fatal for the weeping willows within 216 hours. EC50 values for a 50% inhibition of the transpiration of the trees were estimated to be between 3.27 and 8.23 mg CN/L, depending on the duration of the exposure. Conclusions. The results obtained for the Chinese willow species Salix babylonica were very similar to those obtained for the European species S. viminalis in earlier studies. Phytotoxic effects were only found at high doses of cyanide. A large proportion of applied cyanide was removed from the contaminated media in the presence of weeping willows. This gives rise to the conclusion that the metabolism of cyanide by weeping willows is possible. Recommendations and Outlook. Cyanide elimination with trees seems to be a feasible option for cleaning soils and water contaminated with cyanide. A full-scale treatment has been installed in Denmark. For phytoremediation projects in China, weeping willow could be a suitable species. The tree can tolerate and remove cyanide, and it is a native Chinese species. Besides, the tree is of outstanding beauty and is planted as a common park tree in many parts of the world. © 2005 ecomed publishers (Verlagsgruppe Hüthig Jehle Rehm GmbH).
语种：
英文
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The effect of temperature on the rate of cyanide metabolism of two woody plants
作者：
Yu, XZ;Trapp, S* ;Zhou, PH;Hu, H
期刊：
Chemosphere ,2005年59(8):1099-1104 ISSN：0045-6535
通讯作者：
Trapp, S
作者机构：
[Trapp, S] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Tech Univ Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
通讯机构：
[Trapp, S] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
China;Cyanide;Elder;Metabolism;Phytoremediation;Plant;Temperature;Willow
摘要：
The response of cyanide metabolism rates of two woody plants to changes in temperature is investigated. Detached leaves (1.0 g fresh weight) from weeping willow (Salix babylonica L.) and Chinese elder (Sambucus chinensis Lindl.) were kept in glass vessels with 100 ml of aqueous solution spiked with potassium cyanide for a maximum of 28 h. Ten different temperatures were used ranging from 11°C to 32°C. The disappearance of aqueous cyanide was analyzed spectrophotometrically. The cyanide removal rate of Chinese elder was higher than that of weeping willow at all temperatures. The highest cyanide removal rate for Chinese elder was found at 30°C with a value of 12.6 mg CN kg <sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>, whereas the highest value of the weeping willow was 9.72 mg CN kg<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> at 32°C. The temperature coefficient values, Q<inf>10</inf>, which are the ratio of removal rates at a 10 degree difference, were determined for Chinese elder and weeping willow to 1.84 and 2.09, respectively, indicating that the cyanide removal rate of weeping willow was much more susceptible to changes in temperature than that of the Chinese elder. In conclusion, changes in temperature have a substantial influence on the removal rate of cyanide by plants. ©2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
语种：
英文
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施用尿素引起红壤pH及铝活性的短期变化
作者：
曾清如;廖柏寒;蒋朝辉;周细红;汤灿;...
期刊：
应用生态学报 ,2005年16(2):249-252 ISSN：1001-9332
通讯作者：
Zeng, Q.
作者机构：
[汤灿; Zeng Q.; 廖柏寒; 钟宁; 周细红; Jiang Z.] College of Resource and Environment, Hunnan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Zeng, Q.] C;College of Resource and Environment, , Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
尿素;土壤;活性铝
摘要：
酸性红壤在我国南方广泛分布,其酸性是限制大多数作物生长的一个主要环境胁迫因子,主要原因是低pH条件下土壤中Al的溶解所导致的毒性.对3种红壤施用不同浓度的尿素,其pH值在短期内都随着施入尿素浓度的增大而急剧上升,交换性Al随着施用尿素浓度的增大而急剧下降.交换性Al含量与土壤pH值变化呈显著负相关.动态试验表明,pH值上升的现象是短期的,pH值在达最大值后缓慢下降,下降幅度最大的阶段在第2～4周.短期内,施用尿素能显著降低酸性土壤对玉米的铝毒效应.
语种：
中文
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Immunosensor for rapid detection of gibberellin acid in the rice grain
作者：
Li, J;Xiao, LT;Zeng, GM;Huang, GH;Shen, GL* ;...
期刊：
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY ,2005年53(5):1348-1353 ISSN：0021-8561
通讯作者：
Shen, GL
作者机构：
[Shen, GL] Hunan Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chem & Chem Engn Coll, State Key Lab Chemo Biosensing & Chemometr, Changsha 410082, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Key Lab Phytohormones Hunan Prov, Changsha 410028, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Shen, GL] H;Hunan Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chem & Chem Engn Coll, State Key Lab Chemo Biosensing & Chemometr, Changsha 410082, Peoples R China.
关键词：
immunosensor;gibberellin acid;competitive immunoreaction;copper ion labeled
摘要：
A rapid, selective, sensitive, accurate, and inexpensive immunosensor for gibberellin acid detection was designed by coupling immunoassay with the square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) technique involving copper ion labeled antigen in the competitive immunoreaction. The response signal expressed as the percentage of current reduction CR % (y) is linearly related to the concentration of GA (x) in the 1 μg/mL to ∼150 μg/mL range with a regression equation of the form y = 0.44x + 15.59 and a correlation coefficient of 0.99. The results of the immunosensor assay were compared with those obtained by HPLC and ELISA, which show a satisfactory agreement. The immunosensor was used to determine the GA content in the hybrid rice grain samples taken in the growing period. © 2005 American Chemical Society.
语种：
英文
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Metal contamination of soils and crops affected by the Chenzhou lead/zinc mine spill (Hunan, China)
作者：
Liu, HY;Probst, A* ;Liao, BH
期刊：
Science of The Total Environment ,2005年339(1-3):153-166 ISSN：0048-9697
通讯作者：
Probst, A
作者机构：
Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR 5563, IRD,LMTG, F-31400 Toulouse, France.;Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Probst, A] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR 5563, IRD,LMTG, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
通讯机构：
[Probst, A] U;Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR 5563, IRD,LMTG, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
关键词：
Arsenic;China;Contamination;Crop;Heavy metals;Lead/zinc mine;Soil
摘要：
In 1985, the collapse of the tailing dam in Chenzhou lead/zinc mine (Hunan, southern China) led to the spread of mining waste spills on the farmland along the Dong River. After the accident, an urgent soil cleaning up was carried out in some places. Seventeen years later, cereal (rice, maize, and sorghum), pulses (soybean, Adzuki bean, mung bean and peanut), vegetables (ipomoea, capsicum, taro and string bean) and the rooted soils were sampled at four sites: (1) the mining area (SZY), (2) the area still covered with the mining tailing spills (GYB), (3) the cleaned area from mining tailing spills (JTC), and (4) a background site (REF). Metal concentrations in the crops and soils were analyzed to evaluate the long-term effects of the spilled waste on the soil and the potential human exposure through food chains. The results showed that the physical-chemical properties of the soils obviously changed due to the different farming styles used by each individual farmer. Leaching effects and plant extraction of metals from some soils were quite weak. Certain soils were still heavily polluted with As, Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu. The contamination levels were in the order of GYB>SZY>JTC showing that the clean-up treatment was effective. The maximum allowable concentration (MAC) levels for Chinese agricultural soils were still highly exceeded, particularly for As and Cd (followed by Zn, Pb and Cu), with mean concentrations of 709 and 7.6 mg kg <sup>-1</sup>, respectively. These concentrations exceed the MAC levels by 24 times for As and 13 times for Cd at GYB. Generally, the edible leaves or stems of crops were more heavily contaminated than seeds or fruits. Ipomoea was the most severely contaminated crop. The concentrations of Cd and Pb were 3.30 and 76.9 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> in ipomoea leaves at GYB, which exceeded the maximum permit levels (0.5 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> for Cd and 9 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> for Pb) by 6.6 and 8.5 times, respectively. Taro (+skin) could accumulate high concentrations of Zn and Cd in the edible stem, and rice and capsicum had high Cd concentration in the edible parts. However, the toxic element concentrations in maize, sorghum, Adzuki bean, soybean and mung bean remained lower than the threshold levels. The bio-accumulation factors (BAFs) of crops were in the order: Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb>As. BAF was typically lower in the edible seeds or fruits than in stems and leaves. The accumulation effect strongly depends on the crop's physiological properties, the mobility, of the metals, and the availability of metals in soils but not entirely on the total element concentrations in the soils. Even so, the estimated daily intake amount of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb from the crops grown in the affected three sites and arsenic at SZY and GYB exceeded the RDA (Recommended dietary allowance) levels. Subsequently, the crops grown in Chenzhou Pb/Zn mine waste affected area might have a hazardous effect on the consumer's health. This area still needs effective measures to cure the As, Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu contamination. ©2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
语种：
英文
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Detoxification of cyanide by woody plants
作者：
Yu, XZ* ;Zhou, PH;Liu, YD;Hu, H
期刊：
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ,2005年49(2):150-154 ISSN：0090-4341
通讯作者：
Yu, XZ
作者机构：
[Zhou, PH; Yu, XZ; Hu, H; Liu, YD] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yu, XZ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Cyanide;Willow;Phytoremediation;Hydroponic System;Potassium Cyanide
摘要：
Vascular plants possess an enzyme system that detoxifies cyanide by converting it to the amino acid asparagine. This paper examines the potential of three woody plants from the Salicaceae family to degrade cyanide. Pre-rooted trees were grown in carefully designed bioreactors with aqueous solution spiked with potassium cyanide at 23.0 ± 1°C for a maximum of 144 h. Cyanide concentrations ranged from 0.95 to 1.15 CN mg/L. Cyanide in water and in plant tissues was analyzed spectrophotometrically. Results from the investigation indicated that significant reduction of aqueous cyanide was found during the presence of plants in all treatments. Little amounts of applied cyanide were detected in the tissues of plants, mainly in roots and bottom stem. Cyanide remaining in tissues varied with the species of plants, despite similar periods of exposure. The data also indicated that photolysis, hydrolysis, and microbial degradation were not occurring and that volatilization was minimal. In conclusion, transport and metabolism of cyanide in plants is most likely. © 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
语种：
英文
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