摘要：
Pre-planting technique is proven as the practical cultivation way of tobacco with the advantages of lower cost, higher operability and reliable survival rate. Some studies have focused on using tobacco genes to reflect the physiological changes caused by pre-planting treatment. In this study, a comprehensive metabolic profile of tobacco roots was discovered by comparing floating seedlings treatment and pre-planting treatments. A total of 5,080 proteins were identified in the roots of tobacco and 361 proteins were considered to be differentially expressed. Among these 361 proteins, 342 were up-regulated and 19 were down-regulated. Differentially expressed functional proteins including heat shock proteins (HSPs), glutathione-, glycerol kinase (GK), tyrosine-protein kinase (TK), serine/threonine protein kinase-like protein kinases (STK) and peroxiredoxin were significantly higher than floating seedlings technique. Most of these were involved in signal transmission, metabolism, stress and defense. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analyses indicated the reliability of the proteomic results. The present study provided differential modulation of pathways by pre-planting treatment. In conclusion, pre-planting technique promoted tobacco root growth due to differentially expressed functional proteins involved in signal transmission, plant metabolism, stress tolerance and defense system. (C) 2019 Friends Science Publishers
摘要：
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in microbial fertilizer can not only produce plant hormones to improve the growth of roots and shoots, but also accelerate the release of nutrients in traditional organic fertilizer. Using mixture of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and traditional organic fertilizer is considered an economical and environment-friendly approach. In this research, a multifunctional composite microbial organic fertilizer was found and tried to solve the problems of soil caused by long-term use of chemical fertilizer and change the irregular release of nutrients in traditional organic fertilizer. Using active microbial concentration and the release of nutrients as indicators to study the effect of the microbial organic fertilizer application on soil fertility, this study indicated that the quantity of active bacteria increased more greatly by turf application than other traditional organic fertilizer carriers. However, using mixed chicken manure (CH) and corn straw (CO) as carriers had same active microbial concentration compared with turf. It indicated that this carrier can be used as an alternative carrier to turf as non-renewable resources. The present findings showed that the CH + CO carrier had the optimal conditions with 30% water content, 30 degrees C temperature, and 10(8) CFU mL(-1) (CFU = Colony-Forming Units) initial cell concentration. The application of the microbial fertilizer was conducive to improving the rhizospheric microecological environment, improving crop yield and quality and alleviating the problems associated with long-term use of chemical fertilizer. (C) 2019 Friends Science Publishers
摘要：
A Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, YN-1(T), was isolated from a rice field in the town of Jietou, Yunnan Province, PR China. Colonies were circular, 1-2 mm in diameter, creamy white, with slightly irregular margins. The isolate grew optimally at 37 degrees C, pH 7.0 and with 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, YN-1(T) clustered together with other species of the genus Bacillus and showed highest similarities with Bacillus onubensis 0911MAR22V3(T) (98.0 %), Bacillus humi LMG22167(T) (97.5 %), 'Bacillus timonensis' 10403023 (97.4 %) and 'Bacillussinesaloumensis' P3516 (97.1 %). However, the DNA-DNA hybridization values between YN-1(T) and closely related strains of species of the genus Bacillus were well below 47 %, indicating that they represent different taxa. The average nucleotide identity and the Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator also revealed low relatedness (below 95 and 70 %, respectively) between YN-1(T) and type strains of closely related species of the genus Bacillus. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 40 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, and C16 : 0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified aminophospholipids and two other unidentified lipids. Physiological and biochemical test results were also different from those of the most closely related species. On the basis of the phenotypic, genetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain YN-1(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusaciditolerans sp. nov. is proposed, with strain YN-1(T) (=CCTCC AB 2017280(T)=JCM 32973(T)) as the type strain.
摘要：
Calibration model transfer has played a prominent role in the practical application of NIR spectral analysis. The change of instruments and sample physical states may lead to variation of the NIR spectrum, which results in the applicability of the model in judicatory practice being unsatisfactory. Therefore, a transfer for the calibration model considering both the variation of instruments and sample states is a necessity to ensure its availability. In this paper, a novel approach, namely canonical correlation analysis coupled with wavelet transform (WTCCA), was proposed for calibration transfer between two near infrared spectrometers (a portable and a laboratory instrument), and simultaneously, among three physical states (tobacco powder, tobacco filament and intact leaf) to determine the content of total sugars, reducing sugars, and nicotine in tobacco leaf samples, respectively. Wavelet transform (WT) is introduced to reduce noise and deduct background shifts from the spectra by compression, and then, calibration transfer by canonical correlation analysis (CTCCA) extracts the compressed spectral similarities using canonical scores for spectra correction. Three similar standardization algorithms, including piecewise direct standardization (PDS), piecewise direct standardization with wavelet transform (WTPDS), and CTCCA were compared with WTCCA to evaluate its relative performance. The obtained results showed that the employment of WTCCA yielded the lowest root mean standard error of prediction (RMSEP) on the three analytes in three physical states. For the tobacco powder dataset, the RMSEP values had a reduction of 25.83%, 13.96%, and 14.22% compared with the values of direct prediction without spectra transfer, respectively. For the tobacco filament dataset, the corresponding values were decreased by 18.06%, 14.90%, and 13.61% and for the intact leaf dataset, the values had dropped by 10.70%, 18.21%, and 28.21%, respectively. In summary, the comprehensive investigation carried out in the present work shows that WTCCA is very appropriate for correcting the variations caused by the change of machines and sample states. Furthermore, WTCCA is a promising calibration transfer method which can be recommended for on-line/in-line application.
摘要：
近红外光谱（NIRS）是一种间接分析技术, 其应用需建立相应的校正模型。 为了提高模型的解释能力、 预测准确度和建模效率, 需要对NIRS进行波长选择, 优选最小化冗余信息。 智能优化算法是以生物的行为方式或物质的运动形态为背景, 经过数学抽象建立算法模型, 通过迭代计算来求解组合最优化问题, 其核心策略是以某种目标函数为标准, 基于多元校正建模并以逐步逼近的方法筛选出有效的波长点。 选用蚁群优化（ACO）、 遗传优化（GA）、 粒子群优化（PSO）、 随机青蛙（RF）和模拟退火（SA）5种智能优化算法对烟叶总氮和烟碱近红外光谱数据进行特征波长选择, 结合偏最小二乘（PLS）算法, 构建了多个烟叶总氮和烟碱的校正模型, 结果显示: 所选用两个数据集的总氮最优模型分别为PSO-PLS和GA-PLS模型, 烟碱最优模型分别为GA-PLS和SA-PLS模型, 五种智能优化算法所建模型预测性能并非全部优于全谱PLS模型, 但是通过智能优化算法进行波长选择后建立的PLS模型大大简化, 模型的预测精度、 可解释性和稳定性均有所提高。 同时也对优选波长进行了解释和分析, 烟叶总氮特征波长优选组合为4 587~4 878和6 700~7 200 cm-1; 烟叶烟碱特征波长优选组合为4 500~4 700和5 800~6 000 cm-1, 优选出来的特征波长具有实际物理意义。 Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a kind of indirect analysis technology, whose application depends on the setting up of relevant calibration model. In order to improve interpretability, accuracy and modeling efficiency of the prediction model, wavelength selection becomes very important and it can minimize redundant information of near infrared spectrum. Intelligent optimization algorithm is a sort of commonly wavelength selection method which establishes algorithm model by mathematical abstraction from the background of biological behavior or movement form of material, then iterative calculation to solve combinatorial optimization problems. Its core strategy is screening effective wavelength points in multivariate calibration modeling by using some objective functions as a standard with successive approximation method. In this work, five intelligent optimization algorithms, including ant colony optimization (ACO), genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), random frog (RF) and simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, were used to select characteristic wavelength from NIR data of tobacco leaf for determination of total nitrogen and nicotine content and together with partial least squares (PLS) to construct multiple correction models. The comparative analysis results of these models showed that, the total nitrogen optimums models of dataset A and B were PSO-PLS and GA-PLS models. GA-PLS and SA-PLS models were the optimums for nicotine, respectively. Although not all predicting performance of these optimization models was superior to that of full spectrum PLS models, they were simplified greatly and their forecasting accuracy, precision, interpretability and stability were improved. Therefore, this research will have great significance and plays an important role for the practical application. Meanwhile, it could be concluded that the informative wavelength combination for total nitrogen were 4 587~4 878 and 6 700~7 200 cm-1, and that for tobacco nicotine were 4 500~4 700 and 5 800~6 000 cm-1. These selected wavelengths have actually physical significance.
