中国农耕区土壤有机质含量及其与酸碱度和容重关系
作者：
李冬初;黄晶;马常宝;薛彦东;高菊生;...
期刊：
水土保持学报 ,2020年34(6):252-258 ISSN：1009-2242
作者机构：
湖南农业大学资源环境学院;[张会民; 韩天富; 高菊生; 黄晶; 柳开楼; 王伯仁] 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;[薛彦东; 马常宝] 农业农村部耕地质量监测保护中心;江西省红壤研究所;[李冬初; 张杨珠] 湖南农业大学
关键词：
土壤有机质;国家级耕地监测点;土壤利用方式;土壤容重;土壤pH
摘要：
对我国农耕区土壤有机质区域变化及其与酸碱度和容重关系进行系统分析,为耕地地力提升和改善土壤结构提供支撑。基于国家级耕地长期定位监测点913个,统计分析全国及7大区域(东北NE、华北NC、西北NW、长江中游MYR、长三角YRD、华南SC、西南SW)耕层土壤有机质含量、酸碱度及容重变化特征。结果表明,全国农耕区耕层土壤有机质含量平均值为22.4~24.8 g/kg。其中有机质含量中等偏低的监测点位占比达72.5%。不同区域耕层土壤有机质含量差异显著(p<0.05),MYR耕层土壤有机质含量显著高于其他6个区域。全国农耕区耕层土壤pH和容重平均分别为(6.90±1.20),(1.30±0.15)g/cm^3。不同土壤利用方式对土壤有机质、酸碱度及容重产生影响。水田耕层土壤有机质含量显著高于旱地,旱地耕层土壤pH和容重则显著高于水田。亚当斯方程和指数函数分别推荐拟合土壤容重对有机质含量响应关系(R^2=0.09,RMSE=0.17,n=759),以及土壤pH对土壤有机质含量响应(R^2=0.16,RMSE=1.24,n=886)。全国农耕区耕层土壤有机质含量总体中等偏低,呈现出东南向西北依次降低趋势。土壤pH及容重与土壤有机质呈现显著的负相关关系。亚当斯模型及指数方程能较好地拟合土壤容重及pH对有机质的响应关系,可用于非线性插值法补充土壤容重及pH缺失值。
语种：
中文
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Composition of clay minerals and their pedogenetic and taxonomic implications for Stagnic Anthrosols derived from different parent materials in Hunan Province, China
作者：
Yu, Zhan;Zhang, Yangzhu* ;Sheng, Hao;Zhang, Liang;Zhou, Qing;...
期刊：
Journal of Soils and Sediments ,2020年20(3):1558-1570 ISSN：1439-0108
通讯作者：
Zhang, Yangzhu
作者机构：
[Zhou, Qing; Zhang, Liang; Sheng, Hao; Zhang, Yangzhu; Yu, Zhan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Xiong] Zunyi Normal Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Yangzhu] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
clay mineral;kaolinite;limestone;parent material;pedogenesis;soil horizon;vermiculite;China;Hunan
摘要：
Purpose: The aims of this study were to investigate the composition of clay minerals in soils derived from different parent materials and to elucidate how parent materials and pedogenic environment affect the distribution of clay minerals and reveal the implications for pedogenetics and taxonomy in Stagnic Anthrosols. Materials and methods: Clay mineralogy and physicochemical properties of the Hydragric horizon of Stagnic Anthrosols derived from granite (GR), plate shale (PS), quaternary red clays (QRC), limestone (LS), purple sandy shale (PSS) and fluvial-lacustrine deposit (FLD) located in Hunan Province of China were analysed to explore the relationships between the conditions influencing the formation of the soil and the composition of clay minerals. Results and discussion: Results indicated that the composition of clay minerals is closely related to both parent material and type of Stagnic Anthrosols: the soils derived from GR, PS and QRC, which are mostly classified as Fe-accumulic-Stagnic Anthrosols, are dominantly 1:1 type kaolinite and vermiculite and illite/vermiculite mixed layer minerals of widespread distribution. However, soils derived from LS, PSS and FLD were mainly classified as Hapli-Stagnic Anthrosols and are mainly composed of 2:1 type illite/smectite mixed layer minerals, where chlorite is commonly found. Illite is widely distributed and its content varies the least among different parent materials. An extremely significant relationship between pH and kaolinite, chlorite and mixed layer minerals was noted, and the two kinds of mixed layer minerals showed highly significant negative correlation. Conclusions: This study revealed that the types and quantities of clay minerals in the soil are closely related to the types of parent material. This reflected better direction and degree of development in Stagnic Anthrosols, which is related to the physicochemical properties of parent material and can be used as one of the bases for the classification of soil groups and subgroups within the soil family for Stagnic Anthrosols in Chinese Soil Taxonomy. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
语种：
英文
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中国稻田土壤有机质时空变化及其驱动因素
作者：
李冬初;黄晶;马常宝;薛彦东;高菊生;...
期刊：
中国农业科学 ,2020年53(12):2410-2422 ISSN：0578-1752
通讯作者：
Zhang, H.
作者机构：
湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙 410128;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京 100081;农业农村部耕地质量监测保护中心,北京 100125;江西省红壤研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,江西进贤 331717;[张会民; 韩天富; 高菊生; 黄晶; 柳开楼; 王伯仁] 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所
通讯机构：
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing, China
关键词：
稻田土壤;土壤有机质;国家级耕地监测点;驱动因子;氮肥投入量;中国
摘要：
【目的】评价中国稻田土壤有机质时空变化特征,为提高耕地质量,应对种植结构调整及气候变化等提供支撑。【方法】基于1988—2017年开展的338个国家级定位监测点,分析稻田耕层土壤有机质含量变化特征、驱动因素以及对土壤容重影响。【结果】近30年全国稻田耕层土壤有机质平均提高了3.49 g·kg~(-1),年均增速0.09 —0.12 g·kg~(-1)。稻田耕层土壤有机质含量年均增速高低依次为东北、长江下游、长江中游、华南和西南。目前,全国稻田耕层土壤有机质平均含量32.4 g·kg~(-1),从高到低依次为长江中游、华南、东北、西南和长江下游。气候、土壤类型、氮肥投入以及种植制度等对土壤有机质产生影响。西南稻区和高纬度的东北稻区,稻田土壤有机质含量与年均气温显著负相关(P<0.05),东部地区和低纬度的地区稻田土壤有机质含量与年均气温显著正相关(P<0.05)。潜育型水稻土有机质平均含量显著高于其他类型水稻土。合适的氮肥投入量(200—300 kgN·hm~(-2)·a-1)有利于土壤有机质累积。土壤容重及耕层深度与土壤有机质存在显著响应关系(P<0.01)。【结论】我国稻田耕层土壤有机质含量整体呈上升趋势,年均增速呈现从南到北依次增加的趋势。年均气温和降水量,土壤类型,氮肥用量和种植制度等管理措施是区域土壤有机质含量分异的主要驱动因子。
语种：
中文
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Remediation of Cd-contaminated acidic paddy fields with four-year consecutive liming
作者：
Huang, Yong;Sheng, Hao* ;Zhou, Ping;Zhang, Yangzhu
期刊：
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ,2020年188:109903 ISSN：0147-6513
通讯作者：
Sheng, Hao
作者机构：
[Huang, Yong; Sheng, Hao; Zhang, Yangzhu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Sheng, Hao] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Cadmium;Cd fractions;Consecutive liming;Paddy field
摘要：
Liming has been widely used to remediate Cd-contaminated acidic soils, but the effects of consecutive liming are still unclear. Four-year liming experiments were conducted to assess the remediation of Cd-contaminated acidic paddy fields in a double rice cropping system. With four-year consecutive liming (quicklime, 2.25tha(-1) per season), the soil pH was increased by an average of 0.57 units (0.10-1.16 units), while the soil DTPA-Cd and available Fe and Mn were reduced by 9%, 19% and 31% (p<0.05), respectively. The exchangeable plus water-soluble Cd fraction in soil was reduced by 17%, while the soil carbonate-, Fe/Mn oxide- and organic-bound Cd fractions were increased by 23%, 41% and 10% (p<0.05), respectively. The Cd in rice grain was reduced by 55% for early rice and 63% for late rice (p<0.05) and in some cases was reduced to below the Chinese allowable limit (0.2mgkg(-1)). High annual fluctuations in rice grain Cd could be caused by variations in the field water regime and in rainfall. With consecutive liming, the soil pH, DTPA-Cd and rice grain Cd varied greatly in the first three seasons and then remained relatively less variable. Meanwhile, soil available nutrients (N, P and K) and rice grain yield were little affected by liming. Soil DTPA-Cd linearly decreased with increasing soil pH, while the reduction of Cd in rice grain logarithmically decreased with increasing soil pH and the reduction in soil DTPA-Cd in the heading stage, indicating potential implications for forecasting rice grain Cd content. Therefore, consecutive liming with quicklime can be recommended for the remediation of Cd-contaminated acidic paddy fields, though supplementary measures are still necessary.
语种：
英文
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自然降雨条件下化学钾肥配施有机肥对烟草生长及产量的影响
作者：
汤宏;张杨珠;曾掌权;王建伟;李向阳;...
期刊：
灌溉排水学报 ,2019年38(5):25-30+45 ISSN：1672-3317
作者机构：
[汤宏; 王建伟; 李向阳; 刘伦沛; 严红光] School of Life and Health Science, Kaili University, Kaili, 556011, China;[张杨珠] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[Zeng Z.] Hengshan Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, 410004, China
关键词：
烟草;施钾量;生长;产量;雨养
摘要：
【目的】探明在自然降雨条件下化学钾肥配施有机肥对烟草云烟87生长发育、产量及经济效益的影响,为贵州省黔东南州烟草种植区烟草钾肥的合理施用提供科学依据.【方法】采用田间小区试验,设置4种施钾水平,分别为0水平(K_0:0 kg/hm~2)、1水平(K_1:120 kg/hm~2)、2水平(K_2:240 kg/hm~2)和3水平(K_3:360 kg/hm~2),4个施肥处理,同时每个处理配施有机肥(菜枯,M)2 250 kg/hm~2,调查各处理烟草在生育期内烟株主要的农艺性状、病害发生情况、烘烤后烟叶的经济性状和烟叶产量.【结果】在成熟期,K_3处理烟株各项农艺性状除节间距外均显著优于K_0处理(p<0.05),与K_0处理相比, K_3处理烟株的株高、最大叶面积、叶片数、茎围、节间距和根体积依次分别增加了27.64%、35.16%、56.38%、35.36%、 17.06%和63.03%,与K_2处理相比,K_3处理相应指标增加了2.55%、4.83%、2.21%、29.27%、16.43%、22.64%.与K_0处理相比,K_3处理烟株的赤星病、花叶病和黑胫病的发病率分别降低了51.69%、41.16%和45.35%,病情指数分别降低了44.27%、28.87%和41.56%,K_2处理相应病情发病率分别降低了28.63%、22.30%、35.61%;病指数分别降低了34.68%、 10.18%、31.40%.随着施钾增加烟叶产量呈增加趋势,K_3处理烟叶的产量和产值比K_0处理分别提高了26.60%和36.03%,上等烟和中上等烟比例分别提高5.82%和2.26%,K_3处理产值显著高于K_0、K_1、K_2处理.【结论】与其他施肥处理相比,K_3处理烟株大田长势好,农艺性状好,抗病能力强,可提高产量和经济效益.
语种：
中文
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郴州市典型土壤的发生特性及其在中国土壤系统分类的归属
作者：
于康;欧阳宁相;张杨珠;盛浩;周清;...
期刊：
农业现代化研究 ,2019年40(1):169-178 ISSN：1000-0275
作者机构：
湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南 长沙,410128;[袁红; 欧阳宁相; 黄运湘; 周清; 于康; 罗兰芳; 盛浩; 张杨珠] 湖南农业大学
关键词：
典型土壤;诊断层;诊断特性;中国土壤系统分类;郴州市
摘要：
为了探明湖南省郴州市典型土壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,选取郴州市8个典型土壤剖面,通过查阅资料、野外调查取样和室内分析,参照《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》和中国土壤系统分类土族和土系的划分标准,确定其诊断层、诊断特性及在中国土壤系统分类中的归属。结果表明:8个典型供试土壤剖面含有暗瘠表层、淡薄表层、黏化层、低活性富铁层、雏形层5个诊断层,铁质特性、铝质现象、准石质接触面、土壤水分状况(常湿润、湿润)、土壤温度状况(热性)5个诊断特性与现象;由此检索出富铁土、淋溶土、雏形土、新成土4个土纲;湿润富铁土、湿润淋溶土、常湿雏形土、湿润雏形土、正常新成土5个亚纲;黏化湿润富铁土、铝质湿润淋溶土、铁质湿润淋溶土、酸性常湿雏形土、铁质湿润雏形土、湿润正常新成土6个土类;普通黏化湿润富铁土、普通铝质湿润淋溶土、红色铁质湿润淋溶土、铁质酸性常湿雏形土、红色铁质湿润雏形土、普通铁质湿润雏形土、普通湿润正常新成土7个亚类;黏壤质硅质混合型酸性热性-普通铁质湿润雏形土等8个土族;建立了上洞系(43-CZ01)、五一系(43-CZ02)等8个土系。此研究实现了郴州市典型土壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,对中国土壤系统分类中的土壤水分状况提出建议;增添了郴州市多种类型土壤的基础属性信息,为土壤调查制图和农业生产指导等提供了依据。
语种：
中文
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Effectiveness of simultaneous foliar application of Zn and Mn or P to reduce Cd concentration in rice grains: a field study.
作者：
Lv, Guanghui;Wang, Hui;Xu, Chao* ;Shuai, Hong* ;Luo, Zunchang;...
期刊：
Environmental Science and Pollution Research ,2019年26(9):9305-9313 ISSN：0944-1344
通讯作者：
Xu, Chao;Shuai, Hong
作者机构：
[Wang, Hui; Huang, Daoyou; Lv, Guanghui; Xu, Chao; Zhu, Hanhua; Wang, Shuai; Zhu, Qihong; Zhan, Quan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Shuai, Hong; Lv, Guanghui] Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Changsha 410081, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Hui; Zhang, Yangzhu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Luo, Zunchang] Soil & Fertilizer Inst Hunan Prov, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xu, Chao] C;[Shuai, Hong] H;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Changsha 410081, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Cadmium;Grain yield;Rice cultivars;Zinc
摘要：
Excess cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils can be taken up by rice plants and concentrated in the grain, presenting a human health risk. In this study, we field tested the effects of three foliar treatments (zinc (Zn) alone, or combined with manganese (ZnMn) or phosphorus (ZnP)) on the Cd concentration and grain yield of six rice cultivars (C Liangyou 7, Fengyuanyou 272, Xiangwanxian 12, Tianyouhuazhan, Xiangwanxian 13, and Jinyou 284) at the grain filling stage. Our results showed that rice yield and Cd, Zn, Mn, P, and K concentrations were significantly different among the cultivars (p < 0.05); for example, Jinyou 284 recorded lower Cd levels than any other cultivar. Application of Zn, ZnMn, and ZnP had no significant effect on rice yield and Mn, P, and K concentrations for all cultivars. Compared with the control, Cd concentrations after treatment with Zn, ZnMn, and ZnP decreased by 19.03-32.55%, 36.63-55.78% (p < 0.05), and 25.72-49.10%, respectively, while Zn concentrations increased by 11.02-29.38%, 10.63-32.67%, and 11.97-36.82%, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between Cd and Zn concentrations (p < 0.01). All three treatments increased Zn and reduced Cd concentration in rice grains, though ZnMn was most effective. Therefore, cultivar selection and Zn fertilizer application are effective strategies to minimize Cd concentration in rice grains. However, the lowest result still exceeded the Chinese Cd safety limit (0.2 mg Cd kg(-1)) by a factor of 2.6, demonstrating that additional effective measures should be simultaneously used to further reduce the accumulation of Cd in rice grains.
语种：
英文
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长期不同施肥红壤磷素变化及其对产量的影响
作者：
李冬初;王伯仁;黄晶;张杨珠;徐明岗;...
期刊：
中国农业科学 ,2019年52(21):3830-3841 ISSN：0578-1752
作者机构：
湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙410128;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京,100081;湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙,410128;[张会民; 张淑香; 黄晶; 徐明岗; 王伯仁] 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所
关键词：
全磷;相对产量;磷素活化系数;磷盈亏;磷素农学阈值;长期施肥;红壤
摘要：
【目的】定量长期不同施肥红壤磷素的演变特征,研究红壤磷素变化对生产力的影响,为红壤地区磷素管理提供理论依据。【方法】利用持续26年的红壤旱地长期定位试验平台(1991-2016年),比较长期不施磷肥(CK、N、NK)、施用化学磷肥(PK、NP、NPK)、化肥配合秸秆还田(NPKS)和化肥配施有机肥及有机肥(1.5NPKM、 NPKM、M)土壤Olsen-P和全磷含量变化,分析土壤磷素对磷盈亏量的响应,采用不同模型拟合作物产量对有效磷的响应曲线,计算土壤有效磷农学阈值。【结果】长期施用磷肥显著提高了土壤全磷和有效磷含量,提升了土壤磷素活化系数(PAC)。化肥配施有机肥及有机肥处理(1.5NPKM、NPKM、M)的PAC高于化肥配合秸秆还田(NPKS)和施用化学磷肥(PK、NP、NPK)。红壤地区土壤全磷和有效磷变化量与土壤磷盈亏量呈正相关关系(P<0.01),土壤每累积盈余100 kg P·hm~(-2),土壤Olsen-P含量上升3.00-5.22 mg·kg~(-1),全磷上升0.02-0.06 g·kg~(-1)。土壤每累积亏缺磷100 kg P·hm~(-2),不施磷肥处理(CK、N、NK)土壤Olsen-P分别下降1.85、0.40、1.76 mg·kg~(-1)。化肥配施有机肥及有机肥处理(1.5NPKM、NPKM、M)的小麦和玉米产量显著高于化肥配合秸秆还田(NPKS)以及施用化学磷肥(PK、NP、NPK),显著高于不施磷肥(CK、NK、N)。化肥配施有机肥及有机肥处理(1.5NPKM、NPKM、M)的产量可持续指数也高于其他处理。3种模型(线性-线性模型、线性-平台模型和米切里西方程)均能较好地拟合作物产量与红壤有效磷含量的响应关系(P<0.01)。在红壤地区推荐使用拟合度较好的线性-线性模型,其计算出小麦和玉米的土壤Olsen-P农学阈值分别为13.5和23.4 mg·kg~(-1)。【结论】在南方红壤地区,化肥配施有机肥更有利于磷素累积和提升磷素有效性。化肥配施有机肥作物产量显著高于其他处理,且稳产性好。线性-线性模型可用于计算红壤地区有效磷的农学阈值。生产上应该根据土壤有效磷含量及其农学阈值调整磷肥施用量。
语种：
中文
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Cadmium phytoextraction from contaminated paddy soil as influenced by EDTA and Si fertilizer
作者：
Zhang, Pengbo;Zhao, Dandan;Liu, Yuqiao;Zhang, Yangzhu;Wei, Xiao;...
期刊：
Environmental Science and Pollution Research ,2019年26(23):23638-23644 ISSN：0944-1344
通讯作者：
Matichenkov, Vladimir
作者机构：
[Xu, Bo; Liu, Yuqiao; Wei, Xiao; Zhang, Pengbo; Zhao, Dandan] Hunan Univ Finance & Econ, Hunan Inst Econ Geog, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Pengbo; Zhang, Yangzhu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Matichenkov, Vladimir] RAS, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
通讯机构：
[Matichenkov, Vladimir] R;RAS, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
关键词：
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid;Phytoextraction;Rice;Silicon
摘要：
The efficiency of heavy metal (HM) phytoextraction from contaminated soil directly depends on the pollutant bioavailability, which can be increased by some soil amendments. In field test, the impacts of soil-applied ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and amorphous silicon dioxide (ASD) and foliar-applied monosilicic acid (MS) on cadmium (Cd) uptake by rice plants from contaminated paddy soil were investigated. Without EDTA, the solid or liquid Si materials reduced the Cd accumulation in the aboveground part of rice by 26 to 52%. If EDTA was applied, the Cd accumulation by plants was increased by 60 to 92%; however, the biomass was reduced by 16 to 35%. The combined application of Si-rich materials and EDTA provided enhanced plant tolerance to a negative influence of EDTA, while kept high Cd content in the rice stems and leaves. As a result, the Cd amounts extracted by the stems and leaves from the unit area of contaminated paddy soil were greater by 25 and 37% in comparison with those for only EDTA treatment.
语种：
英文
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不同给水负压对辣椒生长及水分利用效率的影响
作者：
向艳艳;黄运湘;龙怀玉;龙泉;张杨珠
期刊：
农业现代化研究 ,2019年40(1):161-168 ISSN：1000-0275
作者机构：
湖南农业大学资源环境学院;[龙怀玉] 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;[龙泉; 黄运湘; 向艳艳; 张杨珠] 湖南农业大学
关键词：
负压灌溉;辣椒产量;水分利用效率;土壤含水量;累积耗水量
摘要：
为筛选出南方地区辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)生长最适宜的灌溉负压值,采用土壤盆栽试验的方法,选择2种典型菜园土壤(潮菜园土和红菜园土),研究3个给水负压(-5.0 kPa、-10.0 kPa和-15.0 kPa)对土壤水分含量、辣椒产量、累积耗水量和水分利用效率的影响,探讨负压灌溉下适宜辣椒生长发育的给水水平。结果表明,-5.0 kPa给水负压条件下,潮菜园土和红菜园土的相对含水量分别为61.6%和60.5%;辣椒产量潮菜园土256.0 g/pot,红菜园土141.7 g/pot,显著高于-10.0 kPa和-15.0 kPa处理。辣椒生长期(5月4日-7月21日)-5.0 kPa处理潮菜园土累积耗水量为21.5 dm~3,显著大于-15.0 kPa处理,红菜园土为17.6 dm~3,显著大于-10.0 kPa和-15.0 kPa处理;水分利用效率潮菜园土2.14 g/kg,红菜园土1.69 g/kg,显著高于-15.0 kPa处理。辣椒各生育期耗水强度,潮菜园土以开花座果期最大,-5.0 kPa处理为0.403 dm~3/d,显著大于-15.0 kPa处理,红菜园土以结果期最大,-5.0 kPa处理为0.335 dm~3/d,显著大于-10.0 kPa和-15.0 kPa处理。辣椒果长、果径和单果重,红菜园土以-5.0 kPa处理最优,潮菜园土以-10.0 kPa处理最优。综合辣椒产量和水分利用效率,潮菜园土和红菜园土以-5.0 kPa负压灌溉较为适宜。
语种：
中文
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长期不同施肥处理对红壤稻田土壤性质及晚稻产量与品质的影响
作者：
崔新卫;张杨珠;高菊生;高鹏;彭福元
期刊：
华北农学报 ,2019年34(6):190-197 ISSN：1000-7091
作者机构：
湖南农业大学 资源环境学院,湖南 长沙 410128;湖南省农业科学院 农业环境生态研究所,湖南 长沙 410125;中国农业科学院,衡阳红壤实验站,湖南 祁阳 426182;[高鹏; 彭福元] 湖南省农业科学院;[高菊生] 中国农业科学院
关键词：
水稻;长期施肥;红壤稻田;土壤性质;籽粒产量;品质
摘要：
为了探明长期施肥对红壤稻田土壤性质及晚稻产量与品质的影响,以期为南方红壤稻田优质高产协同提升目标下的土壤高效培肥提供理论依据。依托始于1982年的长期定位试验,考察了有机肥（M）、化肥氮磷钾配施有机肥（NPKM）、化肥氮磷钾（NPK）、化肥氮钾配施有机肥（NKM）、化肥氮磷配施有机肥（NPM）、化肥磷钾配施有机肥（PKM）、不施肥（NF）对稻田土壤养分含量、酶活性、阳离子交换能力、籽粒产量构成与稻米品质的影响。结果表明:与NF处理相比,各施肥处理均可不同程度提高土壤有机碳及氮磷钾含量,增强脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和纤维素酶活性,提升土壤阳离子交换能力,进而提高水稻籽粒产量;进一步比较稻米品质指标发现,施肥可不同程度提高精米率、整精米率、直链淀粉和蛋白质含量,降低垩白粒率和垩白度,使胶稠度变长。其中,以NPKM处理对土壤有机碳、养分及酶活提升效果相对较好,导致该处理籽粒产量最高,其加工、外观、食味和营养品质亦相对更优。由此可见,有机肥与化肥氮磷钾平衡配施不仅能改善土壤理化性状、培肥土壤,而且可协同提升籽粒产量与稻米品质。
语种：
中文
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化学氮肥配施有机肥对烟草品质、氮素吸收及利用率的影响
作者：
汤宏;曾掌权;张杨珠;李向阳;王建伟;...
期刊：
华北农学报 ,2019年34(4):183-191 ISSN：1000-7091
作者机构：
凯里学院大健康学院, 贵州, 凯里, 556011;湖南省林业科学院, 湖南衡山森林生态系统定位观测研究站, 湖南, 长沙, 410004;湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 湖南, 长沙, 410128;[曾掌权] 湖南衡山森林生态系统定位观测研究站;[刘伦沛; 严红光; 王建伟; 李向阳; 汤宏] 凯里学院
关键词：
烟草;化学氮肥;有机肥;配合施用;品质;氮素吸收;利用率
摘要：
为探明不同量化学氮肥配施有机肥(菜枯,M)对烟草云烟87品质、氮素吸收及利用率的影响,探讨适合贵州省黔东南州烟草种植区的最佳有机无机施氮量,以期为烟草生产的减肥降本、增产提质增效提供技术参考。采用田间小区试验,设置CK_1、CK_2、MN_iPK( i = 0或1或2或3) 6个施肥处理,分析各处理烟叶的品质、各处理烟株的吸氮量及氮利用率。结果表明:与CK_2处理相比,MN_1PK、MN_2PK和MN_3PK处理烟叶总糖含量分别提高8.57%, 14.18%, 13.03%;烟叶还原糖含量分别提高4.67%,9. 66%,8. 26%;烟叶钾含量分别提高8.34%, 19.08%, 17.12%;烟叶氯含量分别降低0.36%,8.19%,3.56%;提高了钾氯比和两糖差;与CK_2处理相比,化学氮肥配施有机肥处理降低烟叶刺激性和杂气,提升香气质和香气量,增强燃烧性以及余味舒适愈加绵长;与MN_1 PK和MN3 PK处理相比,MN_2 PK处理提高了氮肥利用率,分别提高了2.99,4. 54百分点。化学氮肥配施有机肥(有机氮占36.00% ~ 45.77%),使烟叶中各化学成分之间的比例更为协调,提高了烟叶的评吸质量,增加了烟株氮的吸收量,提高了肥料氮的利用率;在本试验条件下,综合分析各处理对烟叶化学成分、评吸质量和氮利用率的影响,各处理中以有机氮占45.77%的处理表现较好,黔东南烟草种植区推荐使用有机氮占总施氮量的适宜比例为36.00% ~ 45.77%。建议在本烟区推广应用,同时可为相近地区烟草施肥提供参考。
语种：
中文
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Effect of biochar from peanut shell on speciation and availability of lead and zinc in an acidic paddy soil
作者：
Xu Chao* ;Xiang Qian;Zhu Han-hua;Wang Shuai;Zhu Qi-hong;...
期刊：
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ,2018年164:554-561 ISSN：0147-6513
通讯作者：
Xu Chao;Zhang Yang-zhu
作者机构：
[Zhu Qi-hong; Zhu Han-hua; Xu Chao; Huang Dao-you; Wang Shuai] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang Yang-zhu; Xu Chao] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xiang Qian] Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, Beijing 10085, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xu Chao] C;[Zhang Yang-zhu] H;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Biochar;Contaminated paddy soil;Heavy metals;Phytoavailability;Rice
摘要：
Biochar has been used to reduce the mobility and availability of heavy metals in contaminated paddy soils. A pot experiment was carried out to analyze the effects of peanut shell biochar (PBC) on the speciation and phytoavailability of Pb and Zn in contaminated acidic paddy soil using rice (Oryza sativa L.) as an indicator plant. Peanut shell biochar was applied to an acidic paddy soil contaminated with Pb and Zn at four rates (0%, 1%, 2%, and 5% w/w), and rice plants were grown in this soil. The soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), water-soluble SO4 2–, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), CaCl2-extractable heavy metals, and speciation of heavy metals were determined. Additionally, biomass and concentrations of heavy metals in rice tissues were determined. The application of PBC significantly increased the pH, CEC, water-soluble SO4 2–, and DOC in the paddy soil, but decreased the content of CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn. The CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn showed significant negative correlations with the pH, CEC, water-soluble SO4 2–, and DOC (p < 0.05). Following the application of biochar to the contaminated paddy soil, the Pb and Zn concentrations in the CaCl2 extracts were reduced by 41.04–98.66% and 17.78–96.87% (p < 0.05), respectively. Sequential chemical extractions showed a reduction in the acid-soluble Pb and Zn fraction and an increase in the reducible fraction following the addition of biochars. PBC obviously inhibited the uptake and accumulation of Pb and Zn in the rice plants. The Pb concentrations in the rice grain were significantly reduced by 60.32%, with the addition of 5% PBC. Neither of the biochars significantly changed the Zn concentrations in the rice grain. The influence of biochar on Pb and Zn phytoavailability varied not only with the application rate of biochar, but also with the kind of metals. Overall, the use of peanut shell biochar at a high application rate is more effective in immobilizing Pb and Zn in the acidic paddy soil contaminated with heavy metals, especially in reducing the phytoavailability of Pb to the rice plants. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.
语种：
英文
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湘东第四纪红土发育水稻土在中国土壤系统分类中的归属
作者：
彭涛;张亮;盛浩;周清;张杨珠
期刊：
江苏农业科学 ,2018年46(20):316-320 ISSN：1002-1302
作者机构：
湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙,410128;湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128;湖南农业大学土壤研究所,湖南长沙410128;[周清; 张亮; 盛浩; 张杨珠; 彭涛] 湖南农业大学
关键词：
母质;水耕人为土;诊断层;诊断特性;中国土壤系统分类;基层分类
摘要：
为探寻湘东第四纪红土发育水稻土在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,选取当地5个第四纪红土发育的典型水稻土剖面样点,野外调查成土条件、描述土壤剖面特征,并于室内分析土壤理化性状。根据中国土壤系统分类的指标体系鉴定诊断层和诊断特性,确定其在中国土壤系统分类中的归属:在水耕人为土亚纲下,划分出铁聚水耕人为土和简育水耕人为土2个土类,普通铁聚水耕人为土和普通简育水耕人为土2个亚类,并进一步划分出2个土族和5个土系（新中系、枫树桥系、袁家系、许胜系、八家湾系）,且与土壤发生分类进行参比。结果表明,类似物质起源的土壤,在基层分类单元上,系统分类比发生分类具有更强的分类能力,可有效指导当地生产实践。
语种：
中文
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根际促生菌防控土传病害的机理与应用进展
作者：
张亮;盛浩;袁红;周清;张杨珠;...
期刊：
土壤通报 ,2018年49(1):220-225 ISSN：0564-3945
作者机构：
湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128;华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642;[袁红; 周清; 张亮; 盛浩; 张杨珠] 湖南农业大学;[李华兴] 华南农业大学
关键词：
根际促生菌;土传病害;生物防治;机理;应用
摘要：
根际促生菌作为一类活跃于植物根际的有益微生物,对抑制土传病害的发生,改善和维护土壤生态质量具有重要作用以及广阔的发展前景。本文综述了根际促生菌直接或间接的土传病害防控机理,包括产抗生素、产水解酶、释放挥发性气体、诱导抗性、分泌铁载体、分泌激素和固氮解磷等;亦从信号识别与迁移、定殖规律以及定殖的微生物群落影响等方面对根际促生菌的定殖防病机理予以了总结;此外,笔者还就根际促生菌的应用现状进行了概述。
语种：
中文
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不同施氮量对烟草生长及产量的影响
作者：
汤宏;张杨珠;李向阳;王建伟;刘伦沛;...
期刊：
湖南农业科学 ,2018年(11):63-67 ISSN：1006-060X
作者机构：
凯里学院大健康学院,贵州凯里,556011;湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙,410128;[刘伦沛; 严红光; 王建伟; 刘立波; 李向阳; 汤宏] 凯里学院;[张杨珠] 湖南农业大学
关键词：
烟草;施氮量;生长;产量
摘要：
为探明不同施氮量对烟草云烟87生长发育、产量及经济效益的影响,为贵州省黔东南州烟草种植区烟草氮肥的合理施用提供科学依据.采用田间小区试验,设置CK、M、N0、N1、N2和N3这6个施肥处理,调查各处理烟草生育期内烟株主要的农艺性状、病害发生情况、烘烤后烟叶的经济性状和各处理烟叶产量.结果表明:与其他施肥处理相比,N2处理烟草大田长势好,农艺性状好,抗病能力强,可相对提高产量和经济效益.在贵州省黔东南州烟区烟草最佳施氮量为120 kg/hm2,建议在黔东南州烟区推广应用,同时可为相近地区烟草施肥提供参考.
语种：
中文
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Foliar application of Zn can reduce Cd concentrations in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under field conditions
作者：
Wang, Hui;Xu, Chao* ;Luo, Zun-chang* ;Zhu, Han-hua;Wang, Shuai;...
期刊：
Environmental Science and Pollution Research ,2018年25(29):29287-29294 ISSN：0944-1344
通讯作者：
Xu, Chao;Luo, Zun-chang
作者机构：
[Zhu, Han-hua; Xiong, Jie; Wang, Hui; He, Yan-bing; Xu, Chao; Wang, Shuai; Zhu, Qi-hong; Huang, Dao-you] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Hui; Xu, Chao; Zhang, Yang-zhu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Luo, Zun-chang] Soil & Fertilizer Inst Hunan Prov, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xu, Chao] C;[Xu, Chao] H;[Luo, Zun-chang] S;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Cadmium;Zinc;Accumulation;Foliar spray;Interaction;Rice
摘要：
Cadmium (Cd) pollution in rice and its transfer to food chain are cause of global concern. Application of zinc (Zn) can reduce Cd uptake by plants, as both these metals are generally antagonistic in soil–plant systems. In a field experiment on Cd-contaminated acid soil, we investigated the effectiveness of foliar application of Zn in minimizing Cd accumulation and its effect on the content of mineral nutrient elements in rice. The treatment was done at an early grain filling stag using 0.3 and 0.5% w/v ZnSO4·7H2O solution. The spray did not affect the grain yield of rice but decreased the Cd concentration in the root, straw, husk, and brown rice to some extent and increased the Zn concentration. Foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 resulted in maximum Zn concentration and minimum Cd concentration in brown rice. However, the concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, and Mn in brown rice were not affected. The correlation between Cd and Zn concentrations in brown rice, husk, and root was significantly negative, and that between Cd and Mn concentrations in brown rice was significantly positive. The inhibition of Cd uptake resulted in a decrease in its concentration in brown rice after the treatments. Thus, the foliar application of a suitable concentration of Zn at the early grain filling stage could effectively minimize the Cd concentration while enhancing the Zn concentration in brown rice on Cd-contaminated acid soil. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
语种：
英文
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湘东两类母质发育水田土壤的发生特性及其系统分类
作者：
满海燕;黄运湘;盛浩;余展;周清;...
期刊：
浙江农业学报 ,2018年30(7):1194-1201 ISSN：1004-1524
作者机构：
湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 湖南, 长沙, 410128;湖南农业大学土壤研究所, 湖南, 长沙, 410128;[满海燕; 余展] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 湖南, 长沙, 410128;[黄运湘; 盛浩; 周清; 袁红; 张杨珠] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 湖南, 长沙, 410128 湖南农业大学土壤研究所, 湖南, 长沙, 410128
关键词：
水田土壤;发生学特性;诊断层;诊断特性
摘要：
为明确湘东地区紫色岩风化物和河湖沉积物母质发育的6个典型水田土壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,对其成土环境条件、土壤剖面理化性质,以及土壤发生学特性进行研究,依据《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》鉴定其诊断层和诊断特性,确定其在中国土壤系统分类中的归属。结果表明,供试的2类母质发育的水田土壤,pH值均随剖面深度的加深而升高,有机质含量随剖面深度的增加而降低,全铁含量表层土壤低于犁底层和水耕氧化还原层。紫色岩风化物发育的土壤较河湖沉积物发育的土壤颜色更红,水耕表层土壤铁的活化度高于下层土壤,晶胶率低于下层土壤,土壤颗粒组成在剖面层次间变化不明显。鉴定出的诊断层主要有水耕表层、水耕氧化还原层,诊断特性主要有人为滞水土壤水分状况、潜育特征、氧化还原特征。6个水田土壤均属于人为土土纲水耕人为土亚纲,进一步划分出潜育水耕人为土、铁聚水耕人为土、简育水耕人为土3个土类和普通潜育水耕人为土、普通铁聚水耕人为土、普通简育水耕人为土3个亚类,最后划分出5个土族和6个土系。
语种：
中文
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大围山花岗岩母质发育土壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属
作者：
罗卓;欧阳宁相;张杨珠;盛浩;周清;...
期刊：
湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版) ,2018年44(3):301-308 ISSN：1007-1032
作者机构：
[罗卓; 欧阳宁相; 张杨珠; 盛浩; 周清; 黄运湘; 罗兰芳; 袁红; 廖超林] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 湖南, 长沙, 410128
关键词：
土壤;花岗岩风化物;诊断层;诊断特性;中国土壤系统分类;大围山地区
摘要：
通过野外调查采样和室内测定,研究了湘东大围山地区不同海拔高度由花岗岩母质发育的6个土壤剖面的成土条件及其理化性质,按照中国土壤系统分类方案,检索出其诊断层和诊断特性,确定其在中国土壤系统分类中的归属。结果表明:供试剖面包含了暗瘠表层、低活性富铁层、黏化层等10个诊断层和诊断特性,在中国土壤系统分类中位于淋溶土、富铁土和雏形土3个土纲,常湿雏形土、湿润富铁土、湿润淋溶土和常湿淋溶土4个亚纲,酸性常湿雏形土、简育湿润富铁土、酸性湿润淋溶土等6个土类,腐殖酸性常湿雏形土、普通简育湿润富铁土、红色酸性湿润淋溶土等6个亚类;按土族和土系划分标准,建立了黏质高岭石型酸性热性–普通简育湿润富铁土、砂质硅质混合型热性–红色酸性湿润淋溶土、黏壤质硅质混合型温性–腐殖酸性常湿雏形土等6个土族和红山系(43–LY03)、泥坞系(43–LY04)、樱花谷系(43–LY10)等6个土系。
语种：
中文
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Effect of peanut shell and wheat straw biochar on the availability of Cd and Pb in a soil-rice (Oryza sativa L.) system
作者：
Xu, Chao* ;Chen, Hao-xiang;Xiang, Qian;Zhu, Han-hua;Wang, Shuai;...
期刊：
Environmental Science and Pollution Research ,2018年25(2):1147-1156 ISSN：0944-1344
通讯作者：
Xu, Chao;Zhang, Yang-zhu
作者机构：
[Zhu, Han-hua; Xu, Chao; Wang, Shuai; Zhu, Qi-hong; Huang, Dao-you] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Chao; Xu, C; Zhang, Yang-zhu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Hao-xiang] South China Agr Univ, Coll Nat Resources & Environm, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Xiang, Qian] Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, Beijing 10085, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xu, Chao] C;[Xu, C; Zhang, YZ] H;Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Bioavailability;Biochar;Contaminated paddy soil;Heavy metals;Rice
摘要：
Soil amendments, such as biochar, have been used to enhance the immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated soil. A pot experiment was conducted to immobilize the available cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soil using peanut shell biochar (PBC) and wheat straw biochar (WBC), and to observe the accumulation of these heavy metals in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The application of PBC and WBC led to significantly higher pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in paddy soil, while the content of MgCl2-extractable Cd and Pb was lower than that of untreated soil. MgCl2-extractable Cd and Pb showed significant negative correlations with pH, SOC, and CEC (p < 0.01). The application of 5% biochar to contaminated paddy soil led to reductions of 40.4–45.7 and 68.6–79.0%, respectively, in the content of MgCl2-extractable Cd and Pb. PBC more effectively immobilized Cd and Pb than WBC. Sequential chemical extractions revealed that biochar induced the transformation of the acid-soluble fraction of Cd to oxidizable and residual fractions, and the acid-soluble fraction of Pb to reducible and residual fractions. PBC and WBC clearly inhibited the uptake and accumulation of Cd and Pb in rice plants. Specially, when compared to the corresponding concentrations in rice grown in control soils, 5% PBC addition lowered Cd and Pb concentrations in grains by 22.9 and 12.2%, respectively, while WBC addition lowered them by 29.1 and 15.0%, respectively. Compared to Pb content, Cd content was reduced to a greater extent in grain by PBC and WBC. These results suggest that biochar application is effective for immobilizing Cd and Pb in contaminated paddy soil, and reduces their bioavailability in rice. Biochar could be used as a soil amendment for the remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals.
语种：
英文
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