摘要：
Regioselective azotization or bis(amination) products of the title porphyrinoid were achieved in one-pot one-step syntheses under mild conditions using a selection of aromatic amines and isoamyl nitrite or p-chloranil, respectively. Structures, tautomery, chirality as well as spectroscopic and redox properties of the new systems were discussed.
摘要：
Let a = {A(n)}(n >= 1) be a sequence of left-open and right-closed intervals which partition (0,1]. The alpha-Luroth transformation L-alpha is defined as an infinite piecewise linear map which maps A(n) linearly onto (0,1] for every n >= 1. Then every point x is an element of (0,1] is attached with a finite or infinite integer sequence {l(n)}(n >= 1) by looking at the coding of its trajectory. In this note, we consider the size of the recurrent set in such a system. More precisely, let x(0) is an element of (0,1] with an infinite alpha-Luroth expansion, and {t(n)}(n >= 1) an arbitrary non-decreasing sequence of natural numbers. The recurrence set of alpha-Luroth transformation L-alpha is defined as F(x(0)) = {x is an element of [0,1] : L-alpha(n)(x) is an element of A(l(1), l(2), ... , l(tn))(x(0)), infinitely often n is an element of N}, where A(l(1), l(2), ... , l(tn))(x(0)) denotes the t(n)-th cylinder containing x(0) in alpha-Luroth expansion. The Hausdorff dimension of F(x(0)) is obtained. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
摘要：
制备了20种氨基酸离子液体，筛选出提取效果最好的赖氨酸磷酸盐型离子液体用于紫薯色素的提取，并考察了赖氨酸磷酸盐水溶液浓度、料液比、提取温度、提取时间对紫薯色素提取的影响，通过单因素实验和正交实验优化紫薯色素的提取工艺。结果表明，在赖氨酸磷酸盐水溶液浓度为2．0％、料液比为1∶10（g∶mL）、提取温度为40℃、提取时间为20 min 时，紫薯色素的提取效果最好。
关键词：
Stage extraction;Capsaicinoids;Red pigments;Carotenoids;Fresh red pepper (Capsicum)
摘要：
A method for stage extraction of capsaicinoids and red pigments from fresh red peppers (FRPs) was developed in this work. Firstly, capsaicinoids were extracted from FRPs without any drying process by 40%-50% ethanol. Then red colorants without piquancy were extracted from the residues after removal of capsaicinoids using 95% ethanol as solvent with the conditions of 90 degrees C of temperature of water bath, 4 mL/g of ratio of solvent to material and 120 min of extraction time. The yield of red pigments were 89.8% of total content of red colorants in FRPs, which is about 2.2 times that of dry red peppers (DRPs) dried from equivalent FRPs. Compared with conventional methods, the new processes were simple, but gave a high yield of red pigments without remain of toxic solvent. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Li, Diqin] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;Observation Station of Crop Cultivation in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410128, China;[Li, Xumeng] College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[Chen, Can; Zheng, Huabin; Huang, Huang; Fu, Zhiqiang] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China, Observation Station of Crop Cultivation in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Huang Huang; Diqin Li] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Observation Station of Crop Cultivation in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
关键词：
Economy;Energy;Intermediate-type technology;PSI;Traditional farming technology in China
摘要：
Introduction: Modern intensive rice production has brought a large amount of environmental pollution and do not guarantee the safety of rice quality. Thus, to improve the farmer's rice production model to reduce agro-chemicals is of great importance to decrease pollution and to guarantee the security of food quality. Here, our experiments illustrated that nomadic rice-duck complex ecosystem (RD) could reduce energy input and increase both energy output and the values of the product safety index based on energy (PSI).
摘要：
Canopy light distribution and photosynthesis modeling is fundamental to cereal crop cultivation, breeding and crop informatics. It also has a great theoretical and practical significance for the evaluation and optimization of plant types and computer simulations of crop growth. This study has developed a cereal crop canopy photosynthesis model based on the improved "stratified-clipping method", which combines morphology, physiology and optics. This model includes a canopy shape model, a single leaf photosynthesis rate model, a canopy light distribution model and a photosynthetic rate model. In this study we carried out a numerical simulation of the photosynthetic rates of the 15625 rice plant types. The numerical results showed that the photosynthesis rate was closely related to the following five factors: leaf density, leaf nitrogen content, leaf length, leaf width and leaf angle. The model led us to the conclusion that the ideal rice plant type has large values around the vectors for the five factors in the upper part of the canopy, but should decreases downwardly along the canopy.
