通讯机构：
[Zeng, AP ; Zhou, XM ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Biotechnol, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.
关键词：
P. xylostella;PxTreh1;PxTreh2;C/EBP alpha;expression regulation
摘要：
Simple Summary The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is a major agricultural pest of cruciferous vegetables and crops worldwide, causing economic losses of up to USD 5 billion annually. The long-term use of insecticides leads to the rapid evolution of resistance in insects, which greatly increases the difficulty of controlling pests. Trehalase regulates energy metabolism in insects by converting trehalose into two glucose molecules. The existence of trehalase is critical for insect flight and larval stress resistance. However, whether trehalase participates in the development of pesticide resistance remains unclear. In this study, we found that the activity of trehalase and the levels of gene expression in Bt-resistant and field populations of P. xylostella were significantly higher than they were in the susceptible strains. By analyzing the promoter sequences of PxTreh1 and PxTreh2, we confirmed the interaction between C/EBP alpha and the PxTreh2 promoter. The findings of this study suggest that C/EBP alpha mediates the adaptability of P. xylostella to adverse environmental stressors by regulating the expression of trehalase. Trehalase regulates energy metabolism in insects by converting trehalose into two glucose molecules. High amounts of trehalase are critical for insect flight and larval stress resistance. However, whether trehalase participates in the development of pesticide resistance remains unclear. In this study, we explored this phenomenon and the mechanism that underlies the regulation of Trehalase transcription. We found that overexpression of PxTreh1 and PxTreh2 induced Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) resistance in Plutella xylostella. The promoter sequences of PxTreh1 and PxTreh2 were also cloned and identified. The dual-luciferase reporter system and RNA interference technology revealed that the expression of PxTreh1 and PxTreh2 genes is possibly regulated by the CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP alpha). A yeast one-hybrid experiment confirmed the interaction between C/EBP alpha and the PxTreh2 promoter. The findings of this study suggest that C/EBP alpha mediates the adaptability of P. xylostella to adverse environmental stressors by regulating the expression of trehalase.
作者机构：
[Liu, Mao-Yan] Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Plant Protection, 243827, Beijing, Beijing, China;[Liu, Mao-Yan] Hunan Agricultural University, 12575, College of Plant protection, Changsha, China;[Liu, Mao-Yan] liu-mao-yan@foxmail.com;[Liu, Jing] Hunan Agricultural University, 12575, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China;[Liu, Jing] liujing3878@sina.com
通讯机构：
[W. K. Huang; D. L. Peng] S;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
摘要：
Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important food crop in China and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola has been one of the most important diseases on rice in recently five years (Ju et al. 2020). In August 2020, rice plants were found to be maldeveloped, yellow leaves and hooked root tips in an irrigated paddy field of Yuanyang County, Xinxiang City, Henan Province. Fifty rice plants were randomly collected and 84.0 percent plants were infected with root-knot nematodes, with root-gall index of 56.0. Then nematodes from rice roots were isolated with 100-μm and 25-μm sieves. A large number of females, some third-stage juveniles (J3s), and a small number of males of Meloidogyne spp. were found in root galls of all samples after dissected, and then were identified and measured under the microscope. In females (n = 20), the perineal pattern was dorsoventrally oval with low and round dorsal arch, and the lateral field was not obvious or absent, striae are usually smooth, with occasional short and irregular striatal fragmentation. The morphological data of females are as follows: body length (BL) = 516.9 ± 72.5 μm (424.2 to 611.6 μm), body width (BW)= 328.4 ± 80.7 μm (232.1 to 437.4 μm), stylet length = 11.2 ± 1.3 μm (7.7 to 13.9 μm), dorsal pharyngeal gland orifice to stylet base (DGO) = 3.9 ± 0.5 μm (3.2 to 4.5 μm), vulval slit length = 24.3 ± 4.6 μm (15.2 to 31.4 μm), vulval slit to anus distance = 16.2 ± 2.5 μm (10.1 to 20.2 μm). Males are long cylindrical, wormlike, with a short round tail. Morphological measurements of males (n = 20) were BL = 1,218.0 ± 150.7μm (1,085.7 to 1,692.2 μm), BW = 34.2 ± 4.6 μm (28.5 to 39.7 μm), stylet = 17.4 ± 0.7 μm (15.9 to 19.3 μm), DGO = 3.6 ± 0.7 μm (2.5 to 4.5 μm), tail = 10.8 ± 2.1 μm (8.0 to 14.8 μm), spicule = 30.3 ± 2.6 μm (24.7 to 36.3 μm). The egg masses from the females were incubated at 28℃ for 48 hours. Measurements of J2s (n = 20) were BL = 444.2 ± 37.8 μm (315.7 to 547.5 μm), BW = 21.2 ± 2.7 μm (16.7 to 26.4 μm), stylet = 14.2 ± 0.3 μm (13.6 to 14.8 μm), DGO = 3.5 ± 0.5 μm (2.7 to 4.5 μm), tail = 70.8 ± 5.1 μm (61.3 to 80.8 μm), hyaline tail length = 21.0 ± 2.5 μm (16.3 to 26.1 μm). These morphological features are consistent with the original description by Golden and Birchfield (1965). DNA of a single female from each sample was extracted for molecular identification. Primer pairs D2A/D3B (5´-ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTTG-3´/ 5´-TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA-3´) (De Ley et al. 1999) and the species-specific primers Mg-F3/Mg-R2 (5'-TTATCGCATCATTTTATTTG-3'/ 5'-CGCTTTGTTAGAAAATGACCCT-3') (Htay et al. 2016) were used to amplify D2/D3 region of 28S RNA and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, respectively. The amplified sequences of D2/D3 region (GenBank MW490724, 766 bp) shared 99.9% and 99.7% homology with the sequences of M. graminicola (MN647592, MT576694) isolated from Guangxi and Anhui Province (Ju et al. 2020), respectively, while ITS region sequences (MW487239, 369 bp) shared 100% and 99.7% homology to M. graminicola isolate GXL3 (MN636702) and FQJJ01 (MT159690), respectively. In order to verify the pathogenicity of nematodes, about 300 J2s were inoculated on ten 14-week-old rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) planted in pots with sterilized sandy soil, respcectively, and maintained in a greenhouse at 28°C/26°C with a 16h/8h light/dark photoperiod and 75% relative humidity. At 14 days post inoculation, obvious symptoms of hook galls were observed on roots in all inoculated rice plants, and females and males in the same shape as the collected samples were found in the root galls under the stereoscopic microscope. No symptoms were observed on non-inoculated rice plants. After 28 days, the growth of the inoculated rice plants was significantly worse than that of uninoculated ones, with yellow leaves and short plants. These results confirmed the pathogenicity of M. graminicola on rice and it indicated that M. graminicola was already spread from the main rice-producing areas to the wheat and rice rotation areas. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. graminicola in the Henan Province of China.
摘要：
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola has become a serious threat to rice production as a result of the cultivation changes from transplanting to direct seeding. The nematicidal activity of Aspergillus welwitschiae have been investigated in vitro, and the disease control efficacy of the active compound has been evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. The active compound αβ-dehydrocurvularin (αβ-DC), isolated by nematicidal assay-directed fractionation, showed significant nematicidal activity against M. graminicola, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) value of 122.2 μg mL− 1. αβ-DC effectively decreased the attraction of rice roots to nematodes and the infection of nematodes and also suppressed the development of nematodes under greenhouse conditions. Moreover, αβ-DC efficiently reduced the root gall index under field conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the nematicidal activity of αβ-DC against M. graminicola. The results obtained under greenhouse and field conditions provide a basis for developing commercial formulations from αβ-DC to control M. graminicola in the future.
关键词：
alternative splicing;BKCa;gene expression pattern;IBTX;Plutella xylostella
摘要：
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The large‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium channel (BK<jats:sub>Ca</jats:sub>) plays an important role in the regulation of insect neural circuits and locomotion, and thus is a potential target of insecticides. In this study, iberiotoxin, an inhibitor of BK<jats:sub>Ca</jats:sub>, was found to prolong the anesthetic time of ethyl acetate on <jats:italic>Plutella xylostella</jats:italic> larvae. Therefore, the coding sequence of slowpoke gene coding the alpha subunit of BK<jats:sub>Ca</jats:sub> was cloned to investigate the function of this channel in <jats:italic>P. xylostella</jats:italic>, and the gene expression profile in the developmental stages and tissues was also characterized. The total length of <jats:italic>pxslo</jats:italic> DNA was more than 19.9 kb, which harbored four alternative splicing sites (ASP‐A, ASP‐C, ASP‐E, and ASP‐G), and the coding sequence of <jats:italic>pxslo</jats:italic> with the highest frequency of splicing (GenBank ID: MN938456) was 3,405 base pair. The characterized PxSlo protein contained conserved domains previously identified in other insects. Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that <jats:italic>pxslo</jats:italic> was expressed in all the developmental stages of <jats:italic>P. xylostella</jats:italic>, with the highest level in adults. In the larval stage, <jats:italic>pxslo</jats:italic> was mainly expressed in the head and epidermis, while a limited protein was expressed in the midgut. In the adult stage, <jats:italic>pxslo</jats:italic> was highly expressed in the head, followed by in the ovarian tubule, and was not expressed in the testis or wings. These results suggest that BK<jats:sub>Ca</jats:sub> plays an important physiological role in <jats:italic>P. xylostella</jats:italic> and provides useful information for the functional study and screening of BK<jats:sub>Ca</jats:sub> inhibitors.</jats:p>
摘要：
The absorption of nutrients and disease resistance are two indispensable physiological processes in plants; however, it is still largely unknown whether there is cross-talk between their molecular signaling pathways. In this study, we identified the rice OsPT8 protein, which is a member of the phosphate transporters (PTs) Pht1 family and also plays a role in rice disease resistance. The transcriptional level of OsPT8 is suppressed after infection with rice pathogens and treatment with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Overexpression of OsPT8 suppresses rice disease resistance against the pathogens Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Accordingly, the transcription level of resistance related genes, such as PAL and PBZ1, is inhibited in plants overexpressing OsPT8 (OsPT8-OX) after inoculation with these pathogens. In OsPT8-OX plants, PAMPs-triggered immunity (PTI) response genes, such as OsRac1 and SGT1, are suppressed during treatment with PAMPs chitin or flg22. Moreover, the typical response of PTI is suppressed after chitin or flg22 treatment. We also identified OsPT8 as an interactor of a rice mitogen-activated protein kinase BWMK1, which is a regulator of disease resistance. Under low phosphate (Pi) conditions, the OsPT8-OX plants display better agronomic traits than the control plants. However, the differences in development between OsPT8-OX and the control plants are reduced upon the increase of Pi concentration. These results demonstrate that OsPT8 regulates the transduction of Pi signaling for development and negatively regulates rice immunity.
通讯机构：
[Wan, FH; Yang, NW; Wan, Fanghao] C;[Li, Fei] Z;[Walters, James R.] U;Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Agr Genom Inst Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The codling moth Cydia pomonella, a major invasive pest of pome fruit, has spread around the globe in the last half century. We generated a chromosome-level scaffold assembly including the Z chromosome and a portion of the W chromosome. This assembly reveals the duplication of an olfactory receptor gene (OR3), which we demonstrate enhances the ability of C. pomonella to exploit kairomones and pheromones in locating both host plants and mates. Genome-wide association studies contrasting insecticide-resistant and susceptible strains identify hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) potentially associated with insecticide resistance, including three SNPs found in the promoter of CYP6B2. RNAi knockdown of CYP6B2 increases C. pomonella sensitivity to two insecticides, deltamethrin and azinphos methyl. The high-quality genome assembly of C. pomonella informs the genetic basis of its invasiveness, suggesting the codling moth has distinctive capabilities and adaptive potential that may explain its worldwide expansion. The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is one of the major pests of pome fruit (apples and pears) and walnuts. Here, the authors sequence and analyze its genome, providing insights on olfactory and detoxification processes that may underlie its worldwide expansion.
作者机构：
[Huang Zhe; Liu Jing; Li Wei; Dai Liangying] College of Plant Protection,Hunan Agricultural University
会议名称：
中国植物病理学会第十一届全国会员代表大会暨2018年学术年会
会议时间：
2018-08-24
会议地点：
中国北京
摘要：
The transcription factors are vital for many important cellular processes in plant,for instance,cell cycle,response to environment,development,disease resistance,and so on.Here we show that PUIP2,a ty
摘要：
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>
<jats:list>
<jats:list-item><jats:p>Leaf damage caused by herbivore feeding often triggers induced resistance in plants. However, some herbivores can take advantage of the resulting metabolic changes in host plants and may even manipulate plant resistance, leading to a phenomenon known as induced susceptibility.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
<jats:list-item><jats:p>Previous work has shown that feeding by the whitefly <jats:italic>Bemisia tabaci</jats:italic> can reduce tomato <jats:italic>Solanum lycopersicum</jats:italic> resistance and that whiteflies tended to aggregate on infested plants. However, metabolomic changes in the plant and associated whitefly behavioural responses underlying this phenomenon remain poorly understood. We, therefore, investigated how <jats:italic>B. tabaci</jats:italic> infestation affects host physiology and the preference and performance of conspecific feeders.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:italic>Bemisia tabaci</jats:italic> adults exhibited consistent behavioural preferences for plants that experienced actual and simulated herbivory by conspecifics (consistent with observed effects on whitefly performance), but not for plants that were only mechanically wounded. Leaf volatiles and extracts of <jats:italic>B. tabaci</jats:italic>‐infested plants showed altered terpenoid and flavonoid profiles. Manipulative behavioural experiments indicated that suppression of the monoterpenes α‐phellandrene and α‐terpinene and of flavonoids by <jats:italic>B. tabaci</jats:italic> infestation influenced the foraging and oviposition preferences of conspecifics.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
<jats:list-item><jats:p>These findings document key metabolic changes in plants exhibiting induced susceptibility and demonstrate their role in mediating herbivore foraging behaviour and aggregation on susceptible plants, thereby providing new insight into a relatively unexplored aspect of plant–herbivore interactions.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
</jats:list>
</jats:p><jats:p>A <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13055/suppinfo">plain language summary</jats:ext-link> is available for this article.</jats:p>
作者机构：
[Li, Ruilian; Wu, XW; Wu, Yuping; Zhang, Xiumei; Wu, Xiongwei; Mo, Jun; Zhou, Chunjiao; Liu, Junjie] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Coll Agron, Coll Sci,Natl Res Ctr Engn Technol Utilizat Funct, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yu, Jingang; Wang, Zhian] Cent S Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Zaichun; Yuan, Xinhai; Wu, Yuping] Nanjing Tech Univ, Sch Energy Sci & Engn, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Zaichun; Yuan, Xinhai; Wu, Yuping] Nanjing Tech Univ, Inst Electrochem Energy Storage, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Xiongwei] Hunan Prov YinFeng New Energy Co LTD, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, RL; Wu, XW; Wu, YP; Wu, Xiongwei] H;[Wu, Yuping] N;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Coll Agron, Coll Sci,Natl Res Ctr Engn Technol Utilizat Funct, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Nanjing Tech Univ, Sch Energy Sci & Engn, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;Nanjing Tech Univ, Inst Electrochem Energy Storage, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
关键词：
lithium ion batteries;anode material;Li3VO4;modification;electrochemical performance
摘要：
Vanadium oxide Li3VO4 has attracted much attention as anode material for Li-ion batteries in recent years since it has a low and safe redox potential (vs. Li metal), high specific capacity and its cost is low. However, the poor electronic conductivity and initial low coulombic efficiency limit its practical application. In this mini-review, the state-of-the-art results associated with Li3VO4 are summarized including structure, lithium insertion mechanism, preparation, modification, and electrochemical properties. Finally, the challenges and prospects are also discussed.
关键词：
Rice blast;Resistance gene;Mapping;BAC clones;Pi2/9 locus
摘要：
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
<jats:sec>
<jats:title>Background</jats:title>
<jats:p>Utilization of broad-spectrum resistance (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic>) genes is an effective and economical strategy to control the fungal pathogen <jats:italic>Magnaporthe oryzae</jats:italic>, the causal agent of the rice blast disease. Among the cloned blast resistance genes, <jats:italic>Pi9</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pi2</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Piz-t</jats:italic> confer broad-spectrum resistance to diverse <jats:italic>M. oryzae</jats:italic> isolates and were isolated from the <jats:italic>Pi2/9</jats:italic> locus on chromosome 6. Identification and isolation of additional <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> genes with different resistance spectra from this locus will provide novel genetic resources for better control of this important rice disease.</jats:p>
</jats:sec>
<jats:sec>
<jats:title>Results</jats:title>
<jats:p>In this study, we identified a dominant <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> gene, <jats:italic>Pi2-2,</jats:italic> at the <jats:italic>Pi2/9</jats:italic> locus from Jefferson, an elite U.S. rice cultivar, through genetic and physical mapping. Inoculation tests showed that Jefferson has different resistant specificities to <jats:italic>M. oryzae</jats:italic> isolates compared rice lines with the <jats:italic>Pi9</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pi2</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Piz-t</jats:italic> genes<jats:italic>.</jats:italic> Fine mapping delimited <jats:italic>Pi2-2</jats:italic> to a 270-kb interval between the markers AP5659-3 and RM19817, and this interval contains three nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes in the Nipponbare genome. Five bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones spanning the region were identified, and a BAC contig covering the <jats:italic>Pi2-2</jats:italic> locus was constructed.</jats:p>
</jats:sec>
<jats:sec>
<jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>
<jats:p>We identified a new allelic gene at the <jats:italic>Pi2/9</jats:italic> locus and fine-mapped the gene within a 270-kb region. Our results provide essential information for the isolation of the <jats:italic>Pi2-2</jats:italic> gene and tightly linked DNA markers for rice blast resistance breeding.</jats:p>
</jats:sec>
