摘要：
Axillary bud outgrowth, a key factor in ratoon rice yield formation, is regulated by several phytohormone signals. The regulatory mechanism of key genes underlying ratoon buds in response to phytohormones in ratoon rice has been less reported. In this study, GR24 (a strigolactone analogue) was used to analyze the ratooning characteristics in rice cultivar Huanghuazhan (HHZ). Results show that the elongation of the axillary buds in the first seasonal rice was significantly inhibited and the ratoon rate was reduced at most by up to 40% with GR24 treatment. Compared with the control, a significant reduction in the content of auxin and cytokinin in the second bud from the upper spike could be detected after GR24 treatment, especially 3 days after treatment. Transcriptome analysis suggested that there were at least 742 and 2877 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within 6 h of GR24 treatment and 12 h of GR24 treatment, respectively. Further bioinformatics analysis revealed that GR24 treatment had a significant effect on the homeostasis and signal transduction of cytokinin and auxin. It is noteworthy that the gene expression levels of OsCKX1, OsCKX2, OsGH3.6, and OsGH3.8, which are involved in cytokinin or auxin metabolism, were enhanced by the 12 h GR24 treatment. Taken overall, this study showed the gene regulatory network of auxin and cytokinin homeostasis to be regulated by strigolactone in the axillary bud outgrowth of ratoon rice, which highlights the importance of these biological pathways in the regulation of axillary bud outgrowth in ratoon rice and would provide theoretical support for the molecular breeding of ratoon rice.
作者机构：
[Qi, Hui; Zhang, Haiqing; Yan, Yuntao; He, Jiwai; Zhu, Xiaoya] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China;[Qi, Hui] Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
摘要：
With the sharp increase of the global population, adequate food supply is a great challenge. Grain size is an essential determinant of rice yield and quality. It is a typical quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. In this paper, we summarized the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that have been molecularly characterized and provided a comprehensive summary of the regulation mechanism and genetic pathways of rice grain size. These pathways include the ubiquitin-proteasome system, G-protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase, phytohormone, transcriptional factors, abiotic stress. In addition, we discuss the possible application of advanced molecular biology methods and reasonable breeding strategies, and prospective on the development of high-yielding and high-quality rice varieties using molecular biology techniques.
摘要：
Introduction: Taraxacum mongolicum (TM) is a kind of medicinal and edible homologous plant which is included in the catalogue of feed raw materials in China. It is rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides and other active substances, and shows many benefits to livestock, poultry and aquatic products. The study aimed to assess the potential of TM aqueous extract (TMAE) as a substitute for poultry AGPs. Methods: A total of 240 one-day-old Arbor Acker broilers were randomly assigned to four groups and fed a basal diet (Con) supplemented with 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg TMAE (Low, Medium, and High groups). The growth performance of the broilers was measured on day 21 and day 42. At the end of the trial, the researchers measured slaughter performance and collected serum, liver, spleen, ileum, and intestinal contents to investigate the effects of TMAE on serum biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, immune function, organ coefficient, intestinal morphology, flora composition, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Results: The results showed that broilers treated with TMAE had a significantly higher average daily gain from 22 to 42 days old compared to the Con group. Various doses of TMAE resulted in different levels of improvement in serum chemistry. High doses increased serum alkaline phosphatase and decreased creatinine. TMAE also increased the antioxidant capacity of serum, liver, and ileum in broilers. Additionally, middle and high doses of TMAE enhanced the innate immune function of the liver (IL-10) and ileum (Occludin) in broilers. Compared to the control group, the TMAE treatment group exhibited an increase in the ratio of villi length to villi crypt in the duodenum. TMAE increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Alistipes and Lactobacillus, while reducing the accumulation of harmful bacteria, such as Colidextracter and Sellimonas. The cecum's SCFAs content increased with a medium dose of TMAE. Supplementing broiler diets with TMAE at varying doses enhanced growth performance and overall health. The most significant benefits were observed at a dose of 1000 mg/kg, including improved serum biochemical parameters, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity of the liver and ileum, immune function of the liver and ileum, and increased SCFAs content. Lactobacillus aviarius, norank_f_norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014, and Flavonifractor are potentially dominant members of the intestinal microflora. Conclusion: In conclusion, TMAE is a promising poultry feed additive and 1000 mg/kg is an effective reference dose.
作者机构：
[Peng, Jiqing; Peng, JQ; Xue, Chao; Gao, Yu; Cao, Shoujin; Zhang, Yaoyi; Wen, Yuxing; Chen, Tingfeng; Sheng, Song] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Forestry, 498 South Shaoshan Rd, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Jiqing; Peng, JQ; Sheng, Song] Hunan Agr Univ, Yuelushan Lab, Qiushi Bldg, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Jiqing; Peng, JQ; Sheng, Song] Belt & Rd Int Union Res Ctr Trop Arid Nonwood Fore, 498 South Shaoshan Rd, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Peng, JQ; Cao, SJ ] C;[Peng, JQ ] H;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Forestry, 498 South Shaoshan Rd, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Yuelushan Lab, Qiushi Bldg, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Belt & Rd Int Union Res Ctr Trop Arid Nonwood Fore, 498 South Shaoshan Rd, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
关键词：
hormone;regulation of flowering;transcriptome;molecular mechanism
摘要：
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate flower growth, development, and opening is of paramount importance, yet these processes remain less explored at the genetic level. Flower development in Hydrangea paniculata 'Vanilla Strawberry' is finely tuned through hormonal signals, yet the genetic underpinnings are not well defined. This study addresses the gap by examining the influence of gibberellic acid (GA3), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ETH) on the flowering traits and underlying molecular responses. Treatment with 100 mg/L SA significantly improved chlorophyll content and bolstered the accumulation of soluble sugars and proteins, advancing the flowering onset by 6 days and lengthening the flowering period by 11 days. Concurrently, this treatment enhanced inflorescence dimensions, increasing length, width, and petal area by 22.76%, 26.74%, and 27.45%, respectively. Contrastingly, 100 mg/L GA3 expanded inflorescence size but postponed flowering initiation and decreased inflorescence count. Higher concentrations of SA and GA3, as well as any concentration of ETH, resulted in delayed flowering and inferior inflorescence attributes. A physiological analysis over 50 days revealed that these regulators variably affected sugar and protein levels and modified antioxidant enzyme activities. An RNA-seq analysis during floral development highlighted significant transcriptomic reprogramming, with SA treatment downregulating Myb transcription factors, implicating them in the modulation of flowering timing and stress adaptation. These findings illuminate the complex interplay between hormonal treatments, gene expression, and flowering phenotypes in Hydrangea paniculata, offering valuable perspectives for ornamental horticulture optimization.
摘要：
Maize (Zea mays) cultivation is strongly affected by both abiotic and biotic stress, leading to reduced growth and productivity. It has recently become clear that regulators of plant stress responses, including the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonic acid (JA), together with reactive oxygen species (ROS), shape plant growth and development. Beyond their well established functions in stress responses, these molecules play crucial roles in balancing growth and defense, which must be finely tuned to achieve high yields in crops while maintaining some level of defense. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of recent research on the developmental functions of stress regulators, focusing specifically on maize. By unraveling the contributions of these regulators to maize development, we present new avenues for enhancing maize cultivation and growth while highlighting the potential risks associated with manipulating stress regulators to enhance grain yields in the face of environmental challenges.
关键词：
N2O emission;core microorganism;dicyandiamide;fungicide residue;soil bacterial community
摘要：
Agrochemical residues and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emissions have caused considerable threats to agricultural soil ecology. Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) and nitrification inhibitors might be complementary to each other to diminish soil agrochemical residues and N(2)O emissions and enhance soil bacterial community diversities. Compared to the control, the nZVI application declined soil paclobutrazol residues by 5.9% but also decreased the bacterial community co-occurrence network node. Combined nZVI and Dicyandiamide applications significantly decreased soil N(2)O emission rates and paclobutrazol residues but promoted Shannon diversity of the bacterial community. The increased soil pH, ammonium nitrogen, and Actinobacteriota could promote soil paclobutrazol dissipation. The nZVI generated double-edged sword effects of positively decreasing paclobutrazol residues and N(2)O emissions but negatively influencing soil multifunctionalities. The nZVI and Dicyandiamide could be complementary to each other in diminishing soil agrochemical residues and N(2)O emission rates but promoting soil bacterial community diversities simultaneously.
摘要：
Neither chemical nor physical adsorption play well in heavy metals remediation in acid soil due to the competing behavior of abundant protons, where stable chelators that can be reused are of significant demand. Herein, biochar with abundant nitro and carboxyl groups is prepared, which can be assembled into self-supporting electrode. Under the catalyzation of electricity, the surface decorated -NO2 on the biochar can be in situ transformed into -NH2. Combined with the carboxyl group that attached on the same carbon atom, a special alpha-amino acid-like structure modified biochar (alpha-AC@BC) can be successfully constructed. Due to the strong affinity between the alpha-amino acid-like ligand and heavy metals, this alpha-AC@BC exhibits high removal efficiencies of 83.41%, 80.94%, 92.54% and 77.05% for available copper, cadmium, lead and zinc respectively, even in a strong acid soil with low pH of 4. After four adsorption-desorption cycles, the alpha-AC@BC could still eliminate 83.88% of copper. The high adsorption energy among -NH2, -COOH and heavy metals (-2.99 eV for copper, -1.90 eV for lead, -1.30 eV for zinc and -0.91 eV for cadmium) could form steady coordination structure to guarantee a highly practical application potential of alpha-AC@BC in strong acid soil. This study provides a novel concept for the decontamination of multiple heavy metal polluted acid soil.
摘要：
P0 proteins encoded by the pepper vein yellow virus (PeVYV) are pathogenic factors that cause hypersensitive response (HR). However, the host gene expression related to PeVYV P0-induced HR has not been thoroughly studied. Transcriptomic technology was used to investigate the host pathways mediated by the PeVYV P0 protein to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying its function. We found 12,638 differentially expressed genes (DEGs); 6784 and 5854 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Transcriptomic and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses revealed that salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis-related gene expression was upregulated, and ethylene synthesis-related gene expression was downregulated. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify SA and JA concentrations in Nicotiana benthamiana, and the P0 protein induced SA and JA biosynthesis. We then hypothesized that the pathogenic activity of the P0 protein might be owing to proteins related to host hormones in the SA and JA pathways, modulating host resistance at different times. Viral gene silencing suppression technology was used in N. benthamiana to characterize candidate proteins, and downregulating NbHERC3 (Homologous to E6-AP carboxy-terminus domain and regulator of choromosome condensation-1 dmain protein 3) accelerated cell necrosis in the host. The downregulation of NbCRR reduced cell death, while that of NbBax induced necrosis and curled heart leaves. Our findings indicate that NbHERC3, NbBax, and NbCRR are involved in P0 protein-driven cell necrosis.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Dichlorvos (DDVP), as a highly effective insecticide, is widely used in agricultural production. However, DDVP residue in foodstuffs adversely affects human health. Conventional instrumental analysis can provide highly sensitive and accurate detection of DDVP, while the need of bulky and expensive equipment limits their application in resource-poor areas and on-site detection. Therefore, the development of easily portable sensing platforms for convenient, rapid and sensitive quantification of DDVP is very essential for ensuring food safety. RESULT: A portable colorimetric sensing platform for rapid and sensitive quantification of DDVP is developed based on nanozyme-participated highly efficient chromogenic catalysis. The Fe-Mn bimetallic oxide (FeMnOx) nanozyme possesses excellently oxidase-like activity and can efficiently catalyze oxidation of 3, 3', 5, 5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into a blue oxide with a very low Michaelis constant (K(m)) of 0.0522mM. The nanozyme-catalyzed chromogenic reaction can be mediated by DDVP via inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Thus, trace DDVP concentration-dependent color evolution is achieved and DDVP can be sensitively detected by spectrophotometry. Furthermore, a smartphone-integrated 3D-printed miniature lightbox is fabricated as the colorimetric signal acquisition and processing device. Based on the FeMnOx nanozyme and smartphone-integrated lightbox system, the portable colorimetric sensing platform of DDVP is obtained and it has a wide linear range from 1 to 3000ngmL(-1) with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.267ngmL(-1) for DDVP quantification. SIGNIFICANCE: This represents a new portable colorimetric sensing platform that can perform detection of DDVP in foodstuffs with simplicity, sensitivity, and low cost. The work not only offers an alternative to rapid and sensitive detection of DDVP, but also provides a new insight for the development of advanced sensors by the combination of nanozyme, 3D-printing and information technologies.
通讯作者：
Xin Long Xu<&wdkj&>Xin Long Xu Xin Long Xu Xin Long Xu
作者机构：
[Liu, Shun Jia] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Business, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Zhu, Xiaoqian; Li, Jianping] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Econ & Management, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Zhu, Xiaoqian; Li, Jianping] UCAS, MOE Social Sci Lab Digital Econ Forecasts & Policy, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Dengsheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Sci & Dev, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Xin Long] Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Tourism, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xin Long Xu; Xin Long Xu Xin Long Xu Xin Long Xu] C;College of Tourism, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
摘要：
Existing studies on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) neglect the inverse effect of pollution transfer from environmental regulation interactions on pollution reduction from a risk analysis perspective. Based on the regional differentiated attitudes on the environmental regulation reached in risk communication by the risk awareness biases of multiple interest groups, this article clarifies the causality between risk communication and risk transfer based on multistakeholder engagement processes; furthermore, the article incorporates the simultaneous action of the technological innovation effect and pollution risk transfer effect to construct a spatial environmental hyperbolic model with a bidirectional correlation between pollution emissions and economic growth in different regions. To verify our model, we select the pollution from agricultural watersheds in China as a sample to examine the two inverse effects. The results demonstrate that (1) agricultural watershed pollution and economic growth show an inverted U-shaped relation and a U-shaped relation in the local region and adjacent regions, respectively; (2) the pollution reduction assessment of the classical EKC model can be largely attributed to pollution risk transfer behavior; and (3) the turning point of the U-shaped curve appears earlier than that of the inverted U-shaped curve in the spatial hyperbola model. The findings suggest that stakeholders should consider the risk awareness bias caused by the imbalance of regional economic development and the scenarios that provide a "haven" for pollution risk transfer. Moreover, our study expands the theoretical connotation of the classical EKC hypothesis and is more suitable for pollution reduction scenarios in developing countries.
摘要：
Background and aimsIntercropping is known to have low fertilizer input but high production efficiency. However, only few studies have explored the nutrient stoichiometry of soil and microbiome under intercropping patterns to understand the mechanisms underlying the improvement in crop production by intercropping.MethodsA field-based experiment (started in 2013) was conducted to explore the effects of intercropping of maize with peanut, soybean, gingelly, and sweet potato on soil microbial resource limitation, and the factors controlling the resource limitation were investigated by exploring functional gene abundance and soil C-N-P stoichiometry.ResultsVector angle (indicator of microbial P limitation) was > 45 & DEG; in all soil samples. Compared with monocropping, intercropping significantly decreased the vector length and angle. The RC:N-TERC:N was < 0 and the RC:P-TERC:P was > 0 in all soil samples. The RC:P-TERC:P of the monocropping was significantly higher than that of the intercropping soil. Compared with monocropping, the abundances of most of functional genes related to C degradation and fixation, N fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and P activation increased in intercropping soil. Microbial P limitation was associated more with the C-N-P stoichiometric ratios of soil and microbiome than with functional gene abundance. Soil microbial P limitation was notably related to plant N and P uptake and maize yield, regulating by soil microbial N:P, available P:C and P:N ratio.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the mitigation of microbial P limitation by intercropping and highlighted the importance of understanding the promotion of microbial metabolisms by soil resource stoichiometry, which can help in improving maize productivity.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF CANCER,2024年15(9):2845-2865 ISSN：1837-9664
作者机构：
[Li, Yan; Zhao, Luqing; Qin, Sha; Jin, Haoer] Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;[Li, Yan; Zhao, Luqing; Qin, Sha; Jin, Haoer] and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;[Chen, Xue] Early Clinical Trial Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;[He, Jiang] Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;[Qin, Yan; Xiao, Juxiong; Mao, Yitao] Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
摘要：
Insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) is a critical m6A reader. It encodes proteins that contain several KH domains, which are important in RNA binding, RNA synthesis and metabolism. Lots of researches have studied the malignant potential of m6A readers in tumors. However, the biological functional analysis of IGF2BP3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pan-cancer is not comprehensive. In this study, we used a bioinformatics approach to comprehensively analyze the significance of IGF2BP3 in HCC through analyzing its expression, mutation, prognosis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, functional enrichment, and the correlation with ferroptosis, stemness as well as immune modulation in HCC. IGF2BP3 presented a negative correlation with the ferroptosis molecule NFE2L2, and a positive correlation with the ferroptosis molecule SLC1A5 as well as the immune checkpoint HAVCR2. In addition, we also analyzed IGF2BP3 expression, prognosis and immune modulation in pan-cancer, revealing the prognostic value of IGF2BP3 in a variety of tumors. Finally, we verified the biological functions of IGF2BP3 in HCC through various experiments. The data showed that IGF2BP3 may enhance the proliferation, colony formation and invasion capacities of HCC cells, and IGF2BP3 is mainly positively correlated with the expression level of stemness marker SOX2. In conclusion, IGF2BP3 had a potential to be a new perspective biomarker in forecasting the immune response, ferroptosis, stemness and prognosis of HCC or even pan-cancer.
关键词：
Microbial anabolism;Necromass formation;Soil organic carbon;Paddy and upland soils;Climate zones
摘要：
Well -drained upland soils generally have stronger microbial catabolism during organic C transformation than water-logged paddy soils. However, the intensity of microbial anabolism and necromass formation processes in these contrasting agricultural soils is unclear. To quantify these processes, 40 pairs of adjacent upland and paddy soils collected from four climates (mid -temperate, warm temperate, subtropics, and tropics) across eastern China were incubated with 13C -labeled root exudates under simulated field water conditions for 50 days. Upland soil collected from warm temperate exhibited a higher 13C incorporation into living microbial biomass than other climates. In contrast, the lowest newly formed necromass was detected due to the inhibition of fungal anabolism under the high pH condition. Paddy soils collected from cooler climates (mid -temperate and warm temperate) exhibited faster microbial biomass growth than those from warmer climates (subtropics and tropics). Still an opposite trend was observed for microbial necromass accumulation, possibly because of the faster turnover rate of microbial biomass induced by the high N availability in warmer climates. Regardless of climates, 13C incorporated into living microbial biomass (phospholipid fatty acids) was 1.4-2.6 times higher in upland than paddy soils, resulting in 1.8-3.9 times greater accumulation of newly -formed microbial necromass in the former. This was mainly caused by the stronger fungal anabolism (2.5-5.6 times higher) due to the oxygen -sufficient condition of upland soil. Our findings highlighted the weaker accumulation but stronger stability of organic C stored in upland soils because of the greater microbial catabolism and anabolism during organic C transformation.
摘要：
【目的】为探究3种糯高粱生长及其对镉污染农田土壤中的镉吸收移除效果。【方法】选用“川糯粱1号”、“兴湘粱2号”和“晋糯梁5号”为实验材料，以休耕为对照，采用“一种两收”种植方式，研究3种糯高粱的生长和镉吸收差异及其对土壤养分和镉含量的影响。【结果】兴湘梁2号的两季秸秆生物量最高(19461.0 kg hm-2)，其次为晋糯梁5号(19143.5 kg hm-2)，川糯梁1号最低(18982.5 kg hm-2)。兴湘梁2号的两季籽粒产量最高(11887.0 kg hm-2)，其次为川糯粱1号(11527.5 kg hm-2)，晋糯梁5号最少(10929.5 kg hm-2)。兴湘梁2号秸秆和籽粒镉吸收量分别为15342.0 mg hm-2和186.0 mg hm-2，其秸秆两季镉吸收量显著高于川糯粱1号和晋糯梁5号。3种糯高粱品种头季和再生季植株镉含量、土壤p H值和有效镉含量均无显著差异。【结论】在镉轻度污染农田中，“一种两收”的糯高粱种植方式是可复制可推广的模式，可为区域重金属污染土壤治理提供技术支撑；另外，兴湘梁2号是本地区更适宜推广的糯高粱品种。
摘要：
The fall armyworm, known as Spodoptera frugiperda, is a notorious invasive pest wreaking havoc on agricultural crops globally. In the course of this study, a novel variant of the S. litura multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltMNPV-T0) was isolated from S. litura larvae found on tobacco plants in China. This research delved into the molecular and biological characteristics of SpltMNPV-T0. Electron microscopy revealed that this variant exhibited the characteristics features of a baculovirus. The complete genome of SpltMNPV-T0 was 137,925 bp in length, with a G + C content of 42.88 %, housing a total of 130 open reading frames (ORFs). Phylogenetically, this variant was similar to the published genome of the SpltMNPV-G2 strain, aligning itself with the Alphabaculovirus group II. However, it distinguished itself from the SpltMNPV-II in terms of sequence similarity (76.45 %), shared ORFs (only 63 genes in common), and gene order (exhibiting inversion and reordering). Crucially, SpltMNPV-T0 demonstrated notable effectiveness in controlling third-instar larvae of S. frugiperda and S. litura. Furthermore, the virulence of crude SpltMNPV-T0 matched that of the commercially available virus-based pesticide (SpltMNPV-KY), as evident in terms of mortality rates and speed of kill. These findings yield valu able insights into the molecular biology and functional genomics of this newly discovered variant, characterized by its high virulence. Such knowledge holds promise for advancing bio-control technologies aimed at mitigating the destructive impact of the pest S. frugiperda.
