摘要：
IL-1 beta is an important proinflammatory cytokine with multifaceted modulatory roles in immune responses. In fish, recombinant IL-1 beta has been employed in the control of bacterial diseases, while the antiviral mechanisms of IL-1 beta remain largely unknown, and the efficacy of recombinant IL-1 beta as an immunomodulator to prevent viral diseases is still not determined. This study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of recombinant grass carp IL-1 beta against grass carp reovirus (GCRV) in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, the mature form (Ser(111)-Lys(270)) of grass carp IL-1 beta was identified, and its recombinant protein (designated as rgcIL-1 beta) was prepared through prokaryotic expression. Then, an in vitro evaluation model for rgcIL-1 beta activity was established in the CIK cells, with the appropriate concentration (600 ng/mL) and effect time (1 h). In vitro, rgcIL-1 beta could not only induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha but also a series of antiviral factors including IFN1, IFN-2, IFN-gamma, and ISG15. Mechanistically, transcriptome analysis and western blotting confirmed that rgcIL-1 beta activated multiple transcriptional factors, including NF-kappa B, IRF1, IRF3, and IRF8, and the signal pathways associated with inflammatory cytokines and antiviral factors expression. Expectedly, rgcIL-1 beta treatment significantly inhibited GCRV replication in vitro. In vivo administration of rgcIL-1 beta via intraperitoneal pre-injection significantly aroused an antiviral response to restrict GCRV replication and intense tissue inflammation in grass carp, demonstrating the immunomodulatory effects of rgcIL-1 beta. More importantly, rgcIL-1 beta administrated with 10 ng/g and 1 ng/g could improve the survival rate of grass carp during GCRV infection. This study represents the first time to comprehensively reveal the immunomodulatory and antiviral mechanisms of IL-1 beta in fish and may also pave the way for further developing recombinant IL-1 beta as an immunotherapy for the prevention and control of fish viral diseases.
作者机构：
College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;Yuelushan Laboratory, Pomology Variety Innovation Center, Changsha 410128, China;Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy;Nanling Institute of Citrus Industry, Chenzhou 423000, China;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
通讯机构：
[Dazhi Li; Na Li] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Yuelushan Laboratory, Pomology Variety Innovation Center, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
Seedless is a highly valued commercial characteristic in the citrus industry, both for fresh consumption and for processed markets. In this study, the ‘Succari Sweet Orange’ (WT) and its seedless mutant ‘Juxiangyuan’ (MT), which originated from a bud mutation, were selected to study the formation of a citrus seedless phenotype. Microscopic analysis of MT’s floral organs, including anther and ovary cross-sections, provides insights into its seedless phenotype compared to the original seeded cultivar. Additionally, pollen features, viability, and in vitro germination were examined to determine the cause of seedlessness. MT exhibited significant developmental deformities in both male and female gametes, with pollen grain analysis indicating a high rate of deformity (41.48%), low viability (9.59%), and minimal in vitro germination (9.56%). Hybridization experiments were conducted to assess male and female sterility and pollen incompatibility. Both WT and MT exhibited parthenocarpic development. Notably, MT fruit produced with an average of 3.51 seeds pollinated to WT, despite severe pollen abortion of MT. MT, however, produced seedless fruit through self-breeding or cross-breeding with other varieties, demonstrating stable female sterility. Despite reduced pollen quantity and viability in the seedless mutant ‘Juxiangyuan’, its seedlessness primarily stems from female sterility. This study contributed to a deeper understanding of seedless formation in ‘Juxiangyuan’ and provided valuable information relevant to its commercial cultivation.
摘要：
The combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers has been recognized to enhance soil fertility and foster the soil microbial ecosystem. However, the optimal ratio of chemical and organic fertilizers in oilseed rape cultivation is still uncertain, and the role of rhizosphere effect is still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the impacts of varying ratios of chemical and organic fertilizers on the structure and potential functionalities of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microbial communities. The interplay of microbial communities with soil properties and oilseed rape root exudates was investigated in controlled pot cultivations receiving varying ratios of chemical and organic fertilizers. Results indicated clear segregation in the soil bacterial community, influenced by both fertilization treatments and rhizosphere effects. The bacterial community structure significantly correlated with nitrate nitrogen, organic acids, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. Rhizosphere effects led to increased bacteria abundance, reduced diversity, and decreased network stability. Notably, F3 treatment receiving 25% chemical and 75% organic fertilizers showed a significantly higher abundance at 1.43 x 1011 copies g-1 dry soil, accompanied by increased species and genetic diversity, and ecological network complexity. This treatment also yielded the highest aboveground biomass of oilseed rape. However, the application of organic fertilizers also increased the risk of plant pathogenicity. This study reveals the impact of fertilizers and rhizosphere effects on soil microbial community structure and function, shedding light on the establishment of more effective fertilization schemes for oilseed rape agriculture.
摘要：
Lipid deposition has emerged as a looming challenge worldwide. Previous studies have confirmed the fat-lowering effect of tea polyphenols (TP) in mice, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether TP has the same effect in larger animals. Herein, we simultaneously investigated the regulatory effects of TP on lipid deposition in rats and Ningxiang pigs. The results showed that TP could effectively reduce fat accumulation in rats on a high-fat diet (HFD). As expected, TP supplementation led to a reduction in backfat thickness, fat rate, and subcutaneous fat cell size in Ningxiang pigs. Additionally, TP attenuated gut microbiota dysbiosis by enhancing microbial diversity and increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Akkermansia in both models. Collectively, our results suggest that TP may reduce fat accumulation in rats and Ningxiang pigs by regulating gut microbiota. Therefore, TP could potentially serve as a functional agent for improving fat deposition in humans and Ningxiang pigs.
摘要：
T-2 toxin, an unavoidable contaminant in animal feeds, can induce oxidative stress and damage immune organs. Melatonin (MT), a natural and potent antioxidant, has shown promise as a detoxifier for various mycotoxins. However, the detoxifying effect of MT on T-2 toxin has not been previously reported. In order to investigate the protective effect of MT added to diets on the immune system of T-2 toxin-exposed piglets, twenty piglets weaned at 28d of age were randomly divided into control, T-2 toxin (1 mg/kg), MT (5 mg/kg), and T-2 toxin (1 mg/kg) + MT (5 mg/kg) groups(n = 5 per group). Our results demonstrated that MT mitigated T-2 toxin-induced histoarchitectural alterations in the spleen and thymus, such as hemorrhage, decreased white pulp size in the spleen, and medullary cell sparing in the thymus. Further research revealed that MT promoted the expression of Nrf2 and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD, while reducing the production of the lipid peroxidation product MDA. Moreover, MT inhibited the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, regulated the expression of downstream cytokines IL-1 beta, IL -6, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta 1. MT also suppressed the activation of caspase-3 while down-regulating the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 to reduce apoptosis. Additionally, MT ameliorated the T-2 toxin-induced disorders of immune cells and immune molecules in the blood. In conclusion, our findings suggest that MT may effectively protect the immune system of piglets against T-2 toxin-induced damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in the spleen and thymus. Therefore, MT holds the potential as an antidote for T-2 toxin poisoning.
期刊：
Advanced Energy Materials,2024年14(3):2302712- ISSN：1614-6832
通讯作者：
Fu, Lijun;Wu, YP;Ozoemena, KI
作者机构：
[Ye, Jilei; Liu, Lili; Yuan, Xuelong; Fu, Lijun; Yuan, Xinhai; Zhang, Shuaishuai; Wu, Yuping; Fu, LJ] Nanjing Tech Univ, Coll Chem Engn, Sch Energy Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Mat Oriented Chem Engn, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Peng] Northeastern Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Ecol Met Multimet Minerals, Sch Met, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Xiongwei] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Tao; Wu, Yuping] Southeast Univ, Sch Energy & Environm, Confucius Energy Storage Lab, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;[Ozoemena, Kenneth I.; Ozoemena, KI] Univ Witwatersrand, Mol Sci Inst, Sch Chem, Private Bag 3, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
通讯机构：
[Wu, YP ; Fu, LJ] N;[Ozoemena, KI ] U;Nanjing Tech Univ, Coll Chem Engn, Sch Energy Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Mat Oriented Chem Engn, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;Southeast Univ, Sch Energy & Environm, Confucius Energy Storage Lab, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;Univ Witwatersrand, Mol Sci Inst, Sch Chem, Private Bag 3, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
关键词：
Al metal;aqueous rechargeable Al-ion battery;cobalt hexacyanoferrate;high energy density
摘要：
An aqueous rechargeable Al‐ion battery (ARAIB) using a cubic phase cobalt hexacyanoferrate as positive electrode shows excellent rate and cycling performance together with an average discharge voltage of 1.56 V and an energy density of 155 Wh kg−1. Abstract Like other aqueous batteries, aqueous rechargeable Al‐ion batteries (ARAIBs) have attracted much attention due to their high safety and low cost. However, the low energy density of ARAIBs limits its popularization and application. In order to solve this problem, in addition to choosing Al metal as the negative electrode, it is also necessary to choose a suitable positive electrode material. Here, a cubic phase cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF) with excellent rate and cycling performance is used as the positive electrode material. Due to the reversible catalysis of the Cl−/Cl0 reaction at high potential in saturated AlCl3 solution, it has the characteristics of high capacity up to 103.5 mAh g−1. Combined with the Al metal as negative electrode, an ARAIB with an average discharge voltage of 1.56 V and an energy density of 155 Wh kg−1 is constructed, which shows outstanding cycling and rate performances.
作者机构：
[Xia, Chen; Ming, Yu; Long, Zeng; Yong, Yu] College of Public Administration and Law, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
摘要：
To construct an index system for evaluating the supply of Internet+ public health services, and to provide a practical tool for assessing the supply of Internet+ public health services in an objective and scientific manner. The research team drafted the index system framework by combing the literature. The Delphi method was used to determine the content and weight of the index through two rounds of expert consultations. At the same time, the Cronbach coefficient and factor analysis were adopted to test the reliability and validity. What's more, the analytic hierarchy process and the TOPSIS method were applied to analyze the empirical data of 15 counties and cities in the eastern, central, and western regions of China. The constructed indicator system includes 3 first-level indicators, 6 second-level indicators and 29 third-level indicators. Through reliability and validity tests, the stability and practicability of the index system are demonstrated in empirical research. The evaluation index system constructed in this article can be applied to the performance evaluation of Internet + public health service.
摘要：
<bold>Background:</bold> Chlamydia is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium that is pathogenic for humans and a large variety of veterinary animal species. However, there is no continuous monitoring of chlamydia infection data in pigs in Hunan province, southern China. Therefore, in order to evaluate the seroprevalence and identify risk factors associated with Chlamydia infection in pigs within this region, a comprehensive study was conducted. <bold>Methods:</bold> A total of 3848 serum samples were collected from pigs (from farmers and companies) between May 2017 and August 2018. The presence of specific antibodies against Chlamydia was determined through the employment of the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). <bold>Results:</bold> The overall seroprevalence of Chlamydia was determined to be 26.90% (1038/3848, 95% confidence interval: 25.60-28.40). By employing statistical analysis using SPSS software (p < 0.05), factors such as altitude, sampling regions, and rearing systems of pigs were identified as potential risk factors for Chlamydia infection. <bold>Conclusion:</bold> These findings elucidate a substantial prevalence of Chlamydia in pigs within the mountainous region of Hunan province, southern China, thereby highlighting a potential risk to human health. These results underscore the need for proactive measures and targeted interventions to mitigate the transmission of Chlamydia in porcine populations, safeguarding both animal welfare and public health.
作者机构：
[Ouyang, Zan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Water Resource & Civil Engn, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Xinfang; Tian, Juncang] Ningxia Univ, Sch Civil & Hydraul Engn, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Xinfang; Tian, Juncang] Ningxia Univ, Engn Technol Res Ctr Water Saving Irrigat & Water, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Xinfang; Tian, Juncang] Ningxia Univ, Engn Res Ctr Efficient Utilizat Modern Agr Water R, Minist Educ, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ouyang, Z ] H;[Tian, JC ] N;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Water Resource & Civil Engn, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Ningxia Univ, Sch Civil & Hydraul Engn, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.;Ningxia Univ, Engn Technol Res Ctr Water Saving Irrigat & Water, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.
关键词：
brackish water drip irrigation;photosynthetic characteristics;dry matter accumulation;soil microorganisms
摘要：
Water shortages and soil salinization are the bottlenecks of sustainable agricultural development in many arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Brackish water as a supplementary water source for agricultural irrigation is an important way to solve the shortage of agricultural water resources in arid regions. To study the effect of the mineralization degree of irrigation water (MIW) on the yield and quality of greenhouse fruit cucumber in arid, semi-arid, and cold regions, the effects of MIW on the photosynthesis, yield, and quality of greenhouse fruit cucumber, as well as the soil microorganisms and enzyme activity, were evaluated based on observed data from spring–summer (S−S) and autumn–winter (A−W). In this study, fruit cucumbers from Ningxia sunlight greenhouses were studied in a comparative experimental design with four MIW levels (CK, 2.8–3.0 g L−1; S1, 1.9–2.3 g L−1; S2, 1.2–1.4 g L−1; S3, 0.3–0.5 g L−1) where CK was used as the control treatment. The main indicators of fruit cucumber yield and fruit quality increased with MIW from 0.3 g L−1 to 3.0 g L−1. Compared with CK, the leaf area index (LAI) and net photosynthetic rate (A) of S3 of S−S (A−W) increased by 17.92% (26.32%) and 112.89% (17.68%), respectively. Vitamin C, soluble protein, and nitrate contents increased by 118.75% (24.92%), 41.67% (28.89%), and 43.09% (41.90%), respectively. The soil respiration rate (SRR) increased by 46.51% (90.48%). The yield and water use efficiency (WUE) increased by 35.98% (27.94%) and 12.95% (10.64%), respectively. A model of MIW and soil EC was developed and the applicability of the model was verified, with relative errors ranging from 2.7% to 7.8% (less than 10%). Within the experimental range, irrigation with lower MIW, which facilitated the increase in soil microbial load and soil respiration rate, promoted fruit cucumber growth, A, yield, and DMA, but was not conducive to fruit sugar accumulation; higher MIW was more conducive to improving fruit quality. The comprehensive assessment determined that the better MIW was 0.3–0.5 g L−1 (S3). The results of the study provide a feasible way to improve the quality and efficiency of greenhouse crops irrigated with brackish water in arid and semi-arid cold regions.
