作者机构：
[Wang, Guanqun; Li, Haoxuan; Zhang, Jianhua] Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Biol, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Guanqun; Li, Haoxuan; Zhang, Jianhua; Shen, Wei] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Sch Life Sci, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Guanqun; Li, Haoxuan; Zhang, Jianhua; Shen, Wei] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, State Key Lab Agrobiotechnol, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Li, Aixuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, CAS Key Lab RNA Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Ye, Nenghui] Hunan Agr Univ, Southern Reg Collaborat Innovat Ctr Grain & Oil C, Coll Agr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Jianhua; Wang, Guanqun] D;Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong<&wdkj&>School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong<&wdkj&>Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong<&wdkj&>School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
关键词：
Oryza sativa;Direct RNA sequencing;Alternative splicing;Small RNA targets;Transcription factors;Reproductive development
摘要：
Alternative splicing is a widespread phenomenon, which generates multiple isoforms of the gene product. Reproductive development is the key process for crop production. Although numerous forms of alternative splicing have been identified in model plants, large-scale study of alternative splicing dynamics during reproductive development in rice has not been conducted. Here, we investigated alternative splicing of reproductive development of young panicles (YP), unfertilized florets (UF) and fertilized florets (F) in rice using direct RNA sequencing, small RNA sequencing, and degradome sequencing. We identified a total of 35,317 alternative splicing (AS) events, among which 67.2% splicing events were identified as novel alternative splicing events. Intron retention (IR) was the most abundant alternative splicing subtype. Splicing factors that differentially expressed and alternatively spliced could result in global alternative splicing. Global analysis of miRNAs-targets prediction revealed that alternative spliced transcripts affected miRNAs’ targets during development. Degradome sequencing detected only 6.8% of the differentially alternative splicing transcripts, suggesting a productive transcripts generation during development. In addition, alternative splicing isoforms of Co-like, a transcription factor, interacted with Casein kinase 1-like protein HD1 (CKI) examined in luciferase assay, which could modulate normal male-floral organs development and flowering time. These results reveal that alternative splicing is intensely associated with developmental stages, and a high complexity of gene regulation.
摘要：
Catalytic reduction has been regarded as one of the most efficient strategy for organic pollutants removal from aqueous solution. However, lack of efficient catalyst prevents its practical application. Herein, we design a simple and environmental friendly fabrication strategy for the 3D Ag nanoparticles/Ti3C2Tx/poly-acrylamide (Ag/MX/PAM) composite hydrogel as high efficient catalyst. In this composite hydrogel, the Ag nanoparticles, Ti3C2Tx (MXene) and polyacrylamide (PAM) act as active species, efficient electron transfer medium and high-capacity adsorbent respectively. Due to these synergistic effects for the composite hydrogel catalyst, the electron-transferring ability as well as the adsorption capacity are boosted and thus high catalytic activity achieves towards both methylene blue (MB) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction. The superior rate constant k of 8.333 min(-1) and turnover frequency (TOF) up to 25.17 min(-1) for 4-NP reduction are realized over the 12%-Ag/MX/PAM hydrogel. Impressively, this composite hydro gel with a foam-like bulk structure can be reused easily after catalytic reaction, making it a potential catalyst for reduction of organic pollutants in industrialization. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
摘要：
Among Citrus species, lemon is one of the most susceptible to mal secco disease, a tracheomycosis caused by the mitosporic fungus Plenodomus tracheiphilus, which induces chlorosis followed by leaf drop and progressive desiccation of twigs and branches. Severe infection can cause the death of the plant. Since no effective control strategies are available to efficiently control the pathogen spread, host tolerance is the most desirable goal in the struggle against mal secco disease. To date, both traditional breeding programs and biotechnological techniques were not efficient in developing novel varieties coupling tolerance to mal secco with optimal fruit quality. Furthermore, the genetic basis of host resistance has not been fully deciphered yet, hampering the set-up of marker-assisted selection (MAS) schemes. This paper provides an overview of the biotechnological approaches adopted so far for the selection of mal secco tolerant lemon varieties and emphasizes the promising contribution of marker-trait association analysis techniques for both unraveling the genetic determinism of the resistance to mal secco and detecting molecular markers that can be readily used for MAS. Such an approach has already proved its efficiency in several crops and could represent a valuable tool to select novel lemon varieties coupling superior fruit quality traits and resistance to mal secco.
期刊：
Frontiers in Environmental Science,2021年9:661148 ISSN：2296-665X
通讯作者：
Wan, D.
作者机构：
[Wang, Huan; Tan, ChangYin; Wang, ChenRan; Chen, JiaQi; Wan, DaJuan] Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Cao, XueYing] Changsha Univ, Rural Vitalizat Res Inst, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, YangZhu; Ouyang, NingXiang] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wan, D.] C;College of Geographic Science, China
关键词：
eastern Hunan Province;paddy soil;Antimony;Distribution characteristics;Parent material
摘要：
Considering the eastern part of Hunan Province as the research area, 34 sampling sites were set up, 198 samples were collected from representative paddy soil, the distribution characteristics of antimony (Sb) were studied. The results showed that: (1) The content of Sb on the surface of paddy soil ranging from 0.07 to 11.00 mg/kg and the geometric mean was 1.56 mg/kg. (2) The distribution of contents of Sb in paddy soil in different areas was shown as Yueyang > Changsha > Zhuzhou > Xiangtan. (3) Sb showed a strong migration in paddy soil in the research area and its content increased initially and then decreased or gradually decreased with the increase of profile depth. (4) The content of Sb in the substratum was significantly affected by parent materials.
摘要：
Histone acetylation is a dynamic modification process co-regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Although HDACs play vital roles in abiotic or biotic stress responses, their members in Triticumaestivum and their response to plant viruses remain unknown. Here, we identified and characterized 49 T. aestivumHDACs (TaHDACs) at the whole-genome level. Based on phylogenetic analyses, TaHDACs could be divided into 5 clades, and their protein spatial structure was integral and conserved. Chromosomal location and synteny analyses showed that TaHDACs were widely distributed on wheat chromosomes, and gene duplication has accelerated the TaHDAC gene family evolution. The cis-acting element analysis indicated that TaHDACs were involved in hormone response, light response, abiotic stress, growth, and development. Heatmaps analysis of RNA-sequencing data showed that TaHDAC genes were involved in biotic or abiotic stress response. Selected TaHDACs were differentially expressed in diverse tissues or under varying temperature conditions. All selected TaHDACs were significantly upregulated following infection with the barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV), Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV), and wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), suggesting their involvement in response to viral infections. Furthermore, TaSRT1-silenced contributed to increasing wheat resistance against CWMV infection. In summary, these findings could help deepen the understanding of the structure and characteristics of the HDAC gene family in wheat and lay the foundation for exploring the function of TaHDACs in plants resistant to viral infections.
摘要：
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the major heavy metal pollutants in the environment and imposes severe limitations on crop growth and production. Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in plant Cd tolerance which is able to scavenge stresses-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is involved in the biosynthesis of phytochelatins (PCs). Our previous study revealed that Cd stress affects maize growth, and the GSH treatment could relieve Cd stress in maize seedlings. In this study, we attempted to characterize the metabolomics changes in maize leaves and roots under Cd stress and exogenous GSH conditions. We identified 145 and 133 metabolites in the leaves and roots, respectively. Cd stress decreased the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) metabolism and increased the amino acid contents in the leaves, while it decreased the amino acid contents, increased the TCA cycle metabolism, the sugar contents, and shikimic acid metabolism in the roots. On the other hand, exogenous GSH increased the GSH content, changed the production of metabolites related to antioxidant systems (such as ascorbic acid-related metabolites and flavonoid-related metabolites), and alleviated lipid peroxidation, thereby alleviating the toxic effect of Cd stress on maize. These findings support the idea that GSH alleviates Cd-induced stress in maize and may help to elucidate the mechanism governing Cd-induced stress and the GSH-driven alleviation effect.
通讯机构：
[Kailin Liu] C;College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China<&wdkj&>Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
关键词：
Adsorption;Alleviate phytotoxicity;MWCNTs;Residual herbicide;Soil microbial community
期刊：
Mitochondrial DNA Part B-Resources,2021年6(3):1162-1163 ISSN：2380-2359
通讯作者：
Zhi-Lin Jiang<&wdkj&>Cheng-Gui Zhang
作者机构：
[Zhang, Cheng-Gui; Liao, Chuan-Jiang] Dali Univ, Natl Local Joint Engn Res Ctr Entomoceut, Inst Entomoceut Res, Dali, Peoples R China.;[Qun, Liu] Yunnan Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Yu-Sheng] Hunan Agr Univ, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Zhi-Lin] Puer Univ, Inst Agr & Garden Technol, Puer, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Zhi-Lin] Fudan Univ, Inst Comparat Study Tradit Mat Med, Inst Integrat Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhi-Lin Jiang; Cheng-Gui Zhang] I;Institute of Agricultural and Garden Technology, Puer University, Puer, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Comparative Study of Traditional Materia Medica, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Entomoceutics Research, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, China
关键词：
Sinolimprichtia alpina var. dissecta;alpine plants endemism chloroplast genome sequence
摘要：
Sinolimprichtia alpina var. dissecta is a plant variety which is characterized from S. alpina var. alpina in possessing characteristic, highly dissected bracteoles. In the current study, we have sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of S. alpina var. dissecta using the Illumina sequencing platform. The chloroplast genome is 156,719 bp in length, consisting of a LSC region of 95,625 bp, a SSC region of 10,500 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IR) regions of 25,297 bp. The GC content was 37.7%. A total of 126 unique genes were identified, including 81 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 28 chloroplast genomes indicates that S. alpina var. dissecta is most closely related to Pterygopleurum neurophyllum.
摘要：
Clonal fragmentation (CF), caused by various disturbances, significantly affects the growth performance of plants. However, little is known about how CF affects the growth of submersed macrophytes facing light limitation and nutrient enrichment, a typically situation found in eutrophic lakes. To examine the effects of CF on Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara, a common submersed macrophyte species in warm lakes, we combined three different light intensities (4%, 15%, and 30% natural light) with three different nutrient levels in the water and kept the stolons severed or intact. We found that CF negatively affected the growth of V. natans and that the effect strongly depended on light and nutrient levels. Our comparison between severed and intact plants showed that CF decreased the biomass accumulation under moderate-light conditions, whereas no significant difference appeared at low and high light levels. The negative effect of CF on plant biomass tended to be more significant at moderate and high nutrient levels. The total chlorophyll content decreased with CF at moderate and high nutrient levels when light availability was high. Our study adds new information about the role of CF on the survival and growth of submersed macrophytes in eutrophic lakes.
通讯机构：
[Xiaohang Lin; Pengchao Si] S;SDU & Rice Joint Center for Carbon Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
摘要：
Transition metal phosphides are emerging as promising anode materials of sodium ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high performance in terms of capacity and operational stability. Highly isolated CoP nanoparticles encapsulated in 3D hollow nitrogen-doped carbon networks (CoP/HNC composite) are designed via polymerization of poly-dopamine (PDA) on ZIF-67 and the subsequent in-situ phosphorization. Ultrafine CoP nanoparticles (10 +/- 2 nm) are decorated in nitrogen-doped carbon polyhedral shells in a porous 3D hollow architecture. Benefiting from the unique construction, the CoP/HNC electrode delivers a high reversible long cycle-life capacity of 223 mA h g(-1) for sodium storage at 500 mA g(-1) after 700 cycles. DFT simulations indicate that Na atoms strongly bound to CoP surfaces, and significantly concentrate near CoP surfaces, beneficial for the Na ions storage in this composite material. These results suggest the CoP/HNC composite can be a promising anode material for SIBs. Besides, the designed strategy of CoP/HNC composite could be applied to fabricate other metal phosphides for electrochemical storage devices. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
通讯机构：
[Ma, X.] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, China
关键词：
gut microbiota;health;inulin;piglet;sow
摘要：
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal dietary fiber intake and piglet health. Multiparous sows were randomly assigned to two groups and fed diets without inulin (control group, n = 20) or 1.6% inulin (1.6IN group, n = 20). The results indicate that 1.6IN prevented the prolonged farrowing duration of sows (P < 0.05) and shortened the average piglet birth interval (P < 0.1). In addition, 1.6IN decreased the percentage of the piglet born weak and the percentage of the piglet with hyperthermia after birth (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the 1.6IN group had a lower concentration of urea nitrogen in the colostrum, and also prevented diarrhea, increased litter gain, survival rate, and average daily gain for suckling piglets (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 1.6IN decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, and Streptococcus; increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Desulfovibrio, Paludibacter, CF231, and Prevotella. Overall, this study showed that maternal fiber nutrition during pregnancy regulated the health of offspring, and the response of the maternal intestinal microbes played an important role in intervening in the phenotype of sows and neonatal piglets.
摘要：
A simple and rapid electrochemical synthesis strategy for in-situ fabrication of toluidine blue (TB)-functionalized metal organic framework (TB@MOFs) thin films via one-step reduction approach was reported. The TB@MOFs thin layer has been synthesized on the working electrode surface in different times at room temperature, and its morphology and thickness was characterized by varied instruments, including scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and scanning ion conductance microscope. The prepared TB@MOFs shows exceptional electrochemical activity and stability under mild conditions, and its electrochemical response is dependent on the amount of TB molecules which are encapsulated in the MOFs. Based on the TB@MOFs sensing platform, a sensitive label-free electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, a plant hormone) was developed with a wide linear range (2.5 pg mL(-1) - 5 ng mL(-1)) and a low detection limit (1.4 pg mL(-1)). Moreover, this immune sensor shows good sensitivity and selectivity in real samples for IAA detection.
作者机构：
[Chen, Kang; Wang, Hui; Liu, Mili; Liu, Jiangwen; Ouyang, Liuzhang] South China Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Adv Energy Storage Mat, Guangzhou 510641, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Hui] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Jiangyong] Guangdong Acad Sci, Inst Mat & Proc, Guangzhou 510651, Peoples R China.;[Ouyang, Liuzhang] Key Lab Fuel Cell Technol Guangdong Prov, China Australia Joint Lab Energy & Environm Mat, Guangzhou 510641, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jiangyong Sun] I;[Liuzhang Ouyang] S;Institute of Materials and Processing, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510651, PR China<&wdkj&>School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China<&wdkj&>China–Australia Joint Laboratory for Energy & Environmental Materials, Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, PR China
关键词：
Deep fertilization;Nitrogen;Phosphorus;Losses
摘要：
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses from agroecosystems are dominant nonpoint pollution. To minimize the losses of N and P, the optimal depth of fertilization was explored using a soil column study with the red paddy soil as the research objects. The losses of N and P were measured under five depths of fertilization (0, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 cm) as well as no fertilization. The results showed that ammonia volatilization was significantly decreased with increasing fertilization depth within 0-10 cm, and there was no significant difference among the 10 cm, 12.5 cm, and no-fertilization treatments. Comparing with surface fertilization (0 cm), N and P losses by runoff could be reduced by 30.7-67.1% and 96.9-98.7% respectively by fertilization at 5-12.5 cm. In addition, deep fertilization (5-12.5 cm) did not increase N and P losses by leaching at the depth of 40 cm. Total N and P contents in the tillage layer of soil were increased by 5.1 to 22.8% and by -1.0 to 7.5%, respectively. Fertilization at 10cm depth has the potential to minimal environmental impact in the red paddy soil of south China, at this depth, NH3 volatilization was reduced by 95.1%, and N and P losses by runoff were reduced by 62.0% and 98.4%, respectively, compared with surface fertilization.
通讯机构：
[Jie Liang; Longbo Jiang] C;College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
摘要：
Recently, layered bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX) have been a well-deserved hotspot in the field of photocatalysis owning to their fascinating physicochemical properties derived from unique layered structures. Nevertheless, insufficient sunlight absorption, rapid recombination of electron-hole (e(-)-h(+)) pairs, finite carrier concentration, and weak interaction between BiOX surface and reactant molecules inevitably limit the photocatalytic performance of BiOX. Given this, vacancy engineering, which can unleash the great potential to manipulate crystal and electronic structures and surface chemistry of BiOX, is widely applied to improve BiOX to meet the increasingly diverse theoretical and applicable needs. In this review, we focus on recent development in the design of appropriate vacancies on the BiOX for photocatalytic application. The introduction and analysis of popular vacancies creating approaches for BiOX and techniques to distinguish various vacancies are provided. The inherent functionality of BiOX vacancies in photocatalysis at the molecular level is clarified. Then we present representative photocatalytic applications, performance, and corresponding vacancy behavior of vacancy-mediated BiOX. Finally, based on an unambiguous understanding of the vacancy-property relationships and a complete view of the state of the art of vacancy-mediated BiOX, the future directions and possibilities for the rational design of vacancies to acquire ideal properties are explored. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
The aim of our study was to compare overfeeding performance, fatty acid composition, enzymes activity and gene expression between overfed Xupu geese with large and small liver. A total of sixty 80 d male Xupu geese were overfed by the same feed intake under the same conditions. The liver weight exhibited normal distribution. Based on the weight of liver, samples were divided into large liver (LL) and small liver (SL) Xupu geese. After overfeeding for 28 d: compared with the SL-Xupu geese, liver weight and liver-to-body weight ratio increased (p < .05), while abdominal fat weight and feed-to-liver weight ratio decreased (p < .05); the level of palmitic acid and methyltetracosanoate acid decreased (p < .05), and the level of oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid increased (p < .05) in liver of LL-Xupu geese. Compared with the SL-Xupu geese, LL-Xupu geese had a higher plasma concentration of TG (triglyceride) (p < .05), and had a lower plasma concentration of VLDL-C (very low density lipoprotein cholesterol) (p < .05); and had a higher CHE (cholinesterase), LPS (lipase), LPL (lipoproteinlipase) activities (p < .05) in the liver. The mRNA expression of FABP4 (adipocyte fatty acid binding protein), SCD (stearoyl-CoA desaturase), FADS (fatty acid dehydrogenase), ELOVL1 (elongase of long-chain fatty acid 1), ACAT2 (acyl-Co A: cholesterol acyltransferase 2), and FASN (fatty acid synthase) (p < .05) were significantly upregulated in LL-Xupu geese than in SL-Xupu geese. The results showed that the level of unsaturated fatty acid in liver of LL-Xupu geese was higher than that of SL-Xupu geese, which may be closely related to enzymes and genes expression related to lipid metabolism. HIGHLIGHTS The content of unsaturated fatty acids in liver of LL-Xupu geese were significantly higher than in SL-Xupu geese. The mRNA expression of FABP4, SCD, FADS, ELOVL1, ACAT2, and FASN were significantly upregulated in LL-Xupu geese than in SL-Xupu geese. The level of unsaturated fatty acid in liver of LL-Xupu geese was higher than that of SL-Xupu geese, which may be closely related to enzymes and genes expression related to lipid metabolism.
作者机构：
[Liu, Tie-Yuan; Wang, Xinyu; Hu, Tianming; You, Xiangkai; Long, Mingxiu] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Grassland Agr, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Mo-Xian] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Biol & Environm, Coinnovat Ctr Sustainable Forestry Southern China, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Mo-Xian; Dai, Lei; Tan, Yuxiang] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Key Lab Quantitat Engn Biol, Shenzhen Inst Synthet Biol, Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.;[Ye, Nenghui] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Southern Reg Collaborat Innovat Ctr Grain & Oil C, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Tie-Yuan; Zhang, Jianhua; Das, Debatosh] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, State Key Lab Agrobiotechnol, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jianhua Zhang] S;[Mo-Xian Chen] C;State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077 China<&wdkj&>Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077 China<&wdkj&>Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China<&wdkj&>CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
摘要：
The rhizosheath, a layer of soil grains that adheres firmly to roots, is beneficial for plant growth and adaptation to drought environments. Switchgrass is a perennial C4 grass which can form contact rhizosheath under drought conditions. In this study, we characterized the microbiomes of four different rhizocompartments of two switchgrass ecotypes (Alamo and Kanlow) grown under drought or well-watered conditions via 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing. These four rhizocompartments, the bulk soil, rhizosheath soil, rhizoplane, and root endosphere, harbored both distinct and overlapping microbial communities. The root compartments (rhizoplane and root endosphere) displayed low-complexity communities dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Compared to bulk soil, Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes were selectively enriched, while Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were selectively depleted, in rhizosheath soil. Taxa from Proteobacteria or Firmicutes were specifically selected in Alamo or Kanlow rhizosheath soil. Following drought stress, Citrobacter and Acinetobacter were further enriched in rhizosheath soil, suggesting that rhizosheath microbiome assembly is driven by drought stress. Additionally, the ecotype-specific recruitment of rhizosheath microbiome reveals their differences in drought stress responses. Collectively, these results shed light on rhizosheath microbiome recruitment in switchgrass and lay the foundation for the improvement of drought tolerance in switchgrass by regulating the rhizosheath microbiome.
摘要：
Simple Summary Rice is the major cereal plant worldwide; the rice processing procedure has produced several rice byproducts that are not for human consumption but are usually used as a feed ingredient for broilers. However, due to the variation of geographic and processing methods, the quality of rice and rice byproducts is merely coincident. Thus, analysis of the chemical composition and evaluation of nutrition digestibility of rice and its byproducts in broilers and establishing the regression equation is vitally important in diet formulation and resource efficiency. Based on the above information, this study examined the differences in the chemical composition of rice, broken rice, and full-fat rice bran from the different major production areas of China, evaluated the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in broilers by nitrogen-free diet method, established a regression equation based on partial correlation assay, and provided novel information in the diet formulation of rice, broken rice, and full-fat rice bran in broilers. Rice, broken rice (BR), and full-fat rice bran (FFRB) from six different origins were analyzed for their chemical composition, nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolized energy (AMEn), and standardized amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) in 14-day-old and 28-day-old Arbor Acres broilers. Results showed broilers fed with rice and BR had a similar AMEn regardless of the rice and BR having different CP, EE, NDF, ADF, and ash content. FFRB containing significantly different CP, EE, NDF, ADFm and starch presented variable AMEn (p < 0.05), suggesting that starch content in rice and its byproducts contributed most to the AMEn of broilers. The regression equation of AMEn = 14.312 - (0.198 x NDF) and AMEn = 6.491 + (0.103 x Starch) were feasible to integrally predict AMEn of broilers fed to rice and its byproducts. Moreover, 28-day-old broilers had higher SIAAD than 14-day-old ones. The SIAAD of rice were higher than BR and FFRB except for Met, Cys, Thr, and Tyr in 14-day-old broilers (p < 0.05), and the SIAAD of His, Asp, and Ser in BR were higher than FFRB (p < 0.05). In 28-day-old broilers, the SIAAD of Leu, Trp, Asp, Gly, and Pro of rice were still higher than BR and FFRB (p < 0.05), but BR and FFRB had no significant differences (p > 0.05). The regression equations to estimate the SIAAD of Thr, Lys, and Met were: Met = 81.46 + (0.578 x CP), Thr = 0.863 + (6.311 x CP), and Trp = 102.883 - (1.77 x CP), indicating that CP content in rice and its byproducts was likely a major factor for prediction of SIAAD.
