通讯机构：
[Lv, Z; Wang, HQ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Engn Technol Res Ctr Featured Aquat Resourc, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
complement factor D;Ctenopharyngodon idella;cleavage of C3;GCRV;expression patterns
摘要：
Complement factor D (Df) is a serine protease well known for activating the alternative pathway (AP) in mammals by promoting the cleavage of complement component 3 (C3), thus becoming involved in innate defense. In teleost fish, however, the functional mechanisms of Df in the AP and against pathogen infection are far from clear. In the present study, we cloned and characterized the Df gene, CiDf, from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and analyzed its function in promoting C3 cleavage and expression changes after grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection. The open reading frame of CiDf was found to be 753 bp, encoding 250 amino acids with a molecular mass of 27.06 kDa. CiDf harbors a conserved Tryp_SPc domain, with three conserved residues representing the catalytic triad and three conserved binding sites in the substrate specificity pocket. Pairwise alignment showed that CiDf shares the highest identity (96%) and similarity (98%) with Df from Anabarilius grahami. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that CiDf and other fish Dfs formed a distinct evolutionary branch. Similar to most Dfs from other vertebrates, the CiDf gene structure is characterized by four introns and five exons. The incubation of recombinant CiDf protein with grass carp serum significantly increased the C3b content, demonstrating the conserved function of CiDf in the AP in promoting C3 cleavage, similar to Dfs in mammals. CiDf mRNA expression was widely detected in various tissues and levels were relatively higher in the liver, spleen, and intestine of grass carp. During GCRV infection over a 168-hour period, a high level of CiDf mRNA expression in the liver, spleen, and intestine was maintained at 144 and 168 h, suggesting AP activity at the late stage of GCRV infection. Collectively, the above results reveal the conserved structure and function of CiDf and its distinct expression patterns after GCRV infection, which provide a key basis for studying the roles of Df and AP during GCRV infection in the grass carp C. idella.</p>
关键词：
Pumpkin;Degradation kinetics;Heat;Insoluble phenolics;Soluble phenolics;Vitamin C
摘要：
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of hot air drying (60-100 celcius, 1.5 m/s, 6-17 h; final products contained 10.50 +/- 0.29% moisture) on the levels of total phenolic compounds (TPC) including both soluble phenolic compounds (SPC) and insoluble phenolic compounds (IPC) as well as ascorbic acid in pumpkin slices. IPC accounted for an average of 74.9% of the TPC in fresh pumpkin flesh, but only accounted for 49.4% (100 celcius drying) to 59.7% (60 celcius drying) of the TPC in the final dried pumpkin slices. As the drying temperature increased, the retention of IPC (22.8-42.7%), TPC (41.6-50.9%), and ascorbic acid (22.2-51.0%) in the dried products significantly decreased (p < 0.05), but the retention of SPC (74.5-92.7%) significantly increased which may be due to more conversion of IPC to SPC at a higher temperature. The degradation of ascorbic acid during hot air drying fitted well to the first-order kinetic function (R-2 = 0.985-0.999), and that of IPC, SPC and TPC fitted well to zero-order reactions (R-2 = 0.887-0.997). Unlike the other three compounds, the reduced level of SPC decreased as the temperature increased (k = 0.008-0.029/h,Ea = 33.7 kJ/mol), corresponding to the increased retention of SPC in the final dried pumpkin slices.
通讯机构：
[Ma, X.] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, China
关键词：
Fermented cottonseed meal;growth performance;immunity and antioxidant capacity;Gut Microbiota;Weaned piglets
摘要：
The study investigated the impact of fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) on growth performance, immunity and antioxidant properties, nutrient digestibility, and gut microbiota of weaned piglets by replacing soybean meal with FCSM in the diet. The experimental piglets were fed with either the soybean meal diet (SBM group) or fermented cottonseed meal diet (FCSM group) for 14days after weaning. The digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), gross energy (GE), amino acids and nitrogen was higher in the FCSM diet than those in the SBM diet (p<0.05). The piglets in the FCSM group showed greater growth performance and lower diarrhea rate than those in the SBM group (p<0.05). The concentration of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and antioxidase, intestinal and hepatic antioxidase were increased and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum was decreased in those piglets in the FCSM group compared to those piglets in the SBM group (p<0.05). The piglets in the FCSM group had a higher concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in their ileum and cecum and a higher Simpson index of ileum than piglets in the SBM group (p<0.05). The relative abundance of Lactobacillus and [Ruminococcus]_torques_group in ileum and Intestinibacter, norank_f_Muribaculaceae, unclassified_o_Lactobacillales and [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group in cecum were enhanced in piglets fed with the FCSM diet, whereas the relative abundance of Sarcina and Terrisporobacter were increased in piglets fed with the SBM diet. Overall, FCSM replacing SBM improved the growth performance, immunity and antioxidant properties, and nutrient digestibility; possibly via the alterant gut microbiota and its metabolism of weaned piglets. Fermented cottonseed meal as a partial replacement for soybean meal could improve the growth performance, immunity and antioxidant properties, and nutrient digestibility by altering the gut microbiota profile of weaned piglets. SBM, soybean meal; FCSM, fermented cottonseed meal.
通讯机构：
[Cheng, Tian-Yin] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Safety Production of Livestock and Poultry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
摘要：
Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites and cause a major public health threat worldwide. Development of anti-tick vaccines is regarded to be an optimal alternative for tick control. AV422, a unique protein in ticks, is secreted into hosts during blood-feeding, but its roles are not confirmed in Haemaphysalis flava ticks. We retrieved a gene fragment encoding AV422 from a transcriptome dataset of H. flava, and based on it, we reconstructed the full length of AV422 from H. flava (Hf-AV422) by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Expression profiles of Hf-AV422 in whole ticks and organs of different engorgement levels were determined by qPCR. Then its opening reading frame (ORF) was expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3). The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) assays were conducted to test anticoagulant activities of the purified recombinant protein (rHf-AV422). The full length of AV422 was 1152 bp. Hf-AV422 showed to be conserved as indicated by multiple sequence alignment. Expression of Hf-AV422 was significantly higher in salivary glands and cuticles than in ovaries. Its expression in whole ticks decreased during engorgement with the highest levels in 1/4 engorged ticks. rHf-AV422 prolonged PT, APTT and TT when incubated with rabbit plasma. Our data demonstrated that Hf-AV422 is a conserved salivary protein with anticoagulant activity. Further studies are needed to test in detail its functional properties to ensure it an adequate antigen candidate for the development of broad-spectrum vaccines against ticks.
通讯机构：
[Jianguo Zeng; Pi Cheng] H;Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
摘要：
Riboflavin (RF) and relative derivatives are important coenzyme of some redox enzymes controlling the growing development of plants by harvesting light. The unique isoalloxazine structure unit with special photoredox capacity makes it applicable to induce single electron transfer (SET) oxidation of organic molecules. We report here that riboflavin tetra-acetate (RFTA) catalyzed the oxidation of N-phenyl tetrahydroisoquinoline to alpha-amino C-radical which subsequently undergoes radical type Michael addition to C=C double bond of allylsulfone to access 1-allylated N-phenyl tetrahydroisoquinoline. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Toxocara canis causes ocular larva migrans and visceral larva migrans in humans. Knowledge about the molecular mechanism of T. canis-hosts interaction is limited. The proteomic alterations in the plasma of Beagle dogs induced by T. canis infection were studied by the quantitative mass spectrometry-based data-independent acquisition (DIA). 418, 414 and 411 plasma proteins were identified at 24h post-infection (hpi), 96 hpi and 36days post-infection (dpi), including 6, 5 and 23 proteins with differential abundance, respectively. At 24 hpi, the altered proteins, retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 (RARRES2), WD repeat-containing protein 1 (WDR1), moesin and filamin-A, may participate in pro-inflammatory reaction or promote larvae migration. At 96 hpi, the altered protein C and fibroleukin may maintain the stability of the coagulation system to protect the lung. At 36 dpi, the alterations of C-reactive protein (CRP), ficolin (FCN), complement factor H-related protein 5 (CFHR5) and other complements can affect the three traditional complement system, including the classic pathway, lectin pathway and alternative pathway. These proteins may play important roles in the interaction between T. canis and its definitive hosts. Further study on these altered proteins triggered by T. canis infection may discovery novel therapeutic or diagnostic targets for toxocariasis. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Toxocara canis is one of the globally distributed soil-transmitted helminths, which causes ocular larva migrans and visceral larva migrans in humans and a wide range of warm-blooded animals. T. canis adapts to different microenvironments by resisting and adjusting various biological processes of the hosts. Knowledge about the molecular mechanism of T. canis-hosts interaction is limited. Plasma proteins are good marker for monitoring the occurrence and development of diseases. The proteomic alterations in the plasma of Beagle dogs induced by T. canis infection were studied by the quantitative mass spectrometry-based data-independent acquisition (DIA) in this study. A total of 418, 414 and 411 plasma proteins were identified at 24h post-infection (hpi), 96 hpi and 36days post-infection, respectively. Ten protein with differential abundances were validated by using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Collectively, our deep proteomic analysis of plasma revealed that proteins alterations were affected by disease development, and proteomic analysis is an ideal method for quantifying changes in circulating factors on a global scale in response to pathophysiological perturbations such as T. canis infection.
摘要：
The existing literature on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) fails to investigate the spatial attribute of the “pollution halo” effect or to integrate the “pollution haven” effect. This paper extends the EKC model to the spatial Durbin model by exploring the spatial spillover of disembodied technology and the pollution transfer effect of environmental regulation. Taking Chinese agricultural foreign trade as an example, our paper finds that the technology spillover does not bring a pollution halo effect to local areas but to adjacent areas. The pollution haven effect impacts the EKC’s turning point, which can be divided into two curves in the spatial dimension: an inverted U-shaped curve, in which the turning point represents the effect of technological innovation, and a U-shaped curve, in which the turning point represents the transfer effect of pollution-intensive industries. Based on the conclusion, this paper recommends that agricultural non-point pollution reduction should be nationally coordinated to establish transport infrastructure and the agricultural human capital conditions for the spatial diffusion of disembodied technology.
作者机构：
[Peng, Zhen; He, Shoupu; Du, Xiongming; Pang, Baoyin; Dai, Panhong; Pan, Zhaoe; Hu, Daowu; Gong, Wenfang; Jia, Yinhua; Fu, Guoyong; Wang, Liru; Geng, Xiaoli; Wang, Liyuan; Chen, Baojun] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Cotton Res, State Key Lab Cotton Biol, Anyang, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Gaofei] Anyang Inst Technol, Sch Comp Sci & Informat Engn, Anyang, Peoples R China.;[Shi, Weijun; Wang, Junduo] Xinjiang Acad Agr Sci, Res Inst Econ Crops, Urumqi, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, Songhua] Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Inst Ind Crops, Nanjing, Peoples R China.;[Cui, Shufang] Hebei Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Cotton, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Du, Xiongming] S;State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
摘要：
Genomic variations in 3,248 tetraploid cotton germplasms and multi-environmental genome-wide association analyses provide insights into the basis of geographic differentiation and fiber improvement in cultivated cotton. Large-scale genomic surveys of crop germplasm are important for understanding the genetic architecture of favorable traits. The genomic basis of geographic differentiation and fiber improvement in cultivated cotton is poorly understood. Here, we analyzed 3,248 tetraploid cotton genomes and confirmed that the extensive chromosome inversions on chromosomes A06 and A08 underlies the geographic differentiation in cultivated Gossypium hirsutum. We further revealed that the haplotypic diversity originated from landraces, which might be essential for understanding adaptative evolution in cultivated cotton. Introgression and association analyses identified new fiber quality-related loci and demonstrated that the introgressed alleles from two diploid cottons had a large effect on fiber quality improvement. These loci provided the potential power to overcome the bottleneck in fiber quality improvement. Our study uncovered several critical genomic signatures generated by historical breeding effects in cotton and a wealth of data that enrich genomic resources for the research community.
期刊：
Journal of Hazardous Materials,2021年411:125094 ISSN：0304-3894
通讯作者：
Qingyun Yan
作者机构：
[Yan, Xizhe; Yan, Qingyun; Weng, Wanlin; Peng, Tao; Shu, Longfei; Xu, Kui; He, Zhili; Yu, Huang; Zheng, Xiafei; Xiao, Fanshu; Liu, Xingyu; Wang, Cheng; Chen, Pubo; Zhong, Qiuping] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab Zhuhai, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Environm Microbi Res Ctr, Guangzhou 510006, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Tony] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Swift Current Res & Dev Ctr, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada.;[He, Zhili] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Qingyun Yan] E;Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
摘要：
The impacts of metal(loids) on soil microbial communities are research focuses to understand nutrient cycling in heavy metal-contaminated environments. However, how antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) contaminations synergistically affect microbially-driven ecological processes in the rhizosphere of plants is poorly understood. Here we examined the synergistic effects of Sb and As contaminations on bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of a pioneer plant (Miscanthus sinensis) by focusing on soil carbon and nitrogen cycle. High contamination (HC) soils showed significantly lower levels of soil enzymatic activities, carbon mineralization and nitrification potential than low contamination (LC) environments. Multivariate analysis indicated that Sb and As fractions, pH and available phosphorus (AP) were the main factors affecting the structure and assembly of microbial communities, while Sb and As contaminations reduced the microbial alpha-diversity and interspecific interactions. Random forest analysis showed that microbial keystone taxa provided better predictions for soil carbon mineralization and nitrification under Sb and As contaminations. Partial least squares path modeling indicated that Sb and As contaminations could reduce the carbon mineralization and nitrification by influencing the microbial biomass, alpha-diversity and soil enzyme activities. This study enhances our understanding of microbial carbon and nitrogen cycling affected by Sb and As contaminations.
摘要：
Simple Summary MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported with potential regulatory roles in spermatogenesis. In the present study, we demonstrated that miR-126 can stimulate cell proliferation and restrain the apoptosis of immature porcine Sertoli cells by targeting the PIK3R2 gene. Through this process, miR-126 further activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These results indicated that miR-126, PIK3R2, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway might play pivotal regulatory roles in porcine spermatogenesis by deciding the destiny of immature Sertoli cells. The quantity of Sertoli cells in the adult testis decides the daily gamete formation, and accumulating evidence indicates that epigenetic factors regulate the proliferation of Sertoli cells. Research on the function and regulatory mechanism of microRNAs (miRNAs) in Sertoli cells has not been comprehensive yet, especially on domestic animals. In this article, we report that miR-126 controls the proliferation and apoptosis of immature porcine Sertoli cells based on previous studies. Our results confirmed that miR-126 elevation promotes cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and represses cell apoptosis; on the contrary, the inhibitory effects of miR-126 result in the opposite. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 (PIK3R2) gene, a member of the PI3K family, was verified as a direct target of miR-126 using the dual-luciferase reporter analysis. miR-126 negatively regulated the mRNA and protein expression level of PIK3R2 in immature porcine Sertoli cells. siRNA-induced PIK3R2 inhibition caused similar effects as miR-126 overexpression and eliminated the influences of miR-126 knockdown in immature porcine Sertoli cells. In addition, both miR-126 overexpression and PIK3R2 inhibition elevated the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT, whereas the miR-126 knockdown demonstrated the contrary result. In short, miR-126 controls the proliferation and apoptosis of immature porcine Sertoli cells by targeting the PIK3R2 gene through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The research supplies a theoretical and practical foundation for exploring the functional parts of miR-126 in swine sperm by defining the destiny of immature Sertoli cells.
摘要：
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different curing methods on protein structure, protein and lipid oxidation, lypolysis and volatile compounds in duck breast meat. The results showed that compared to static brining and pulsed pressure salting, the vacuum tumbling curing significantly decreased the oxidation of proteins and lipids, and the surface hydrophobicity of proteins, increased α-helix structure but decreased the proportion of β-sheet, and increased actomyosin dissociation, liplysis and the free fatty acid content in meat. Meanwhile, vacuum tumbling curing decreased the amount of volatile flavor compounds, hexanal, 2,3-octanone, and off-flavor compounds 1-octen-3-ol and 1-hexanol. This study suggests that concerns on healthiness and the sensory quality of processed meat products should be paid in the selection of curing methods and vacuum tumbling curing is superior in terms of both aspects.
摘要：
Simply Summary Some natural phytogenic feed additives, which contain several active compounds, have been shown to be effective alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Gelsemium elegans (G. elegans) has been used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for many years, and it has an obvious growth-promoting effect on animals such as pigs. To our knowledge, the internal mechanism of the influence of G. elegans on the animal body is still unclear. Here, the plasma metabolomics and liver transcriptional profile of crude extract of G. elegans in pigs were reported for the first time and the metabolic consequences of feeding piglets G. elegans for 45 days were evaluated. The results showed that the addition of 2% G. elegans powder to feed is nontoxic to pigs. In addition, G. elegans could be used as a phytogenic feed additive, which could improve the immune function of piglets, and the latent mechanism of G. elegans may be related to various signaling pathways, including the MAPK signaling pathway and PPAR signaling pathway. Collectively, results of the current provide a clearer understanding of the molecular mechanism of the pharmacological effects of G. elegans, which is of great significance for a safer and more rational application of this phytogenic feed additives. Some naturalphytogenic feed additives, which contain several active compounds, have been shown to be effective alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Gelsemium elegans (G. elegans) is a whole grass in the family Loganiaceae. It is a known toxic plant widely distributed in China and has been used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for many years to treat neuropathic pain, rheumatoid pain, inflammation, skin ulcers, and cancer. However, G. elegans not only is nontoxic to animals such as pigs and sheep but also has an obvious growth-promoting effect. To our knowledge, the internal mechanism of the influence of G. elegans on the animal body is still unclear. The goal of this work is to evaluate the metabolic consequences of feeding piglets G. elegans for 45 days based on the combination of transcriptomics and metabolomics. According to growth measurement and evaluation, compared with piglets fed a complete diet, adding 20 g/kg G. elegans powder to the basal diet of piglets significantly reduced the feed conversion ratio. Results of the liver transcriptome suggest that glycine and cysteine-related regulatory pathways, including the MAPK signaling pathway and the mTOR signaling pathway, were extensively altered in G. elegans-induced piglets. Plasma metabolomics identified 21 and 18 differential metabolites (p < 0.05) in the plasma of piglets in the positive and negative ion modes, respectively, between G. elegans exposure and complete diet groups. The concentrations of glycine and its derivatives and N-acetylcysteine were higher in the G. elegans exposure group than in the complete diet group.This study demonstrated that G. elegans could be an alternative to antibiotics that improves the immune function of piglets, and the latent mechanism of G. elegans may be related to various signaling pathways, including the MAPK signaling pathway and the PPAR signaling pathway.
