通讯机构：
[Yuebing Zhou; Chengwen Shen] K;Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Department of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
Drought stress (DS) is the most important abiotic stress affecting yield and quality of tea worldwide. DS causes oxidative stress to cells due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). As non-enzymatic antioxidants, tea catechins can scavenge excess ROS in response to DS. Further, catechin accumulation contributes to the formation of oxidative polymerization products (e.g., theaflavins and thearubigins) that improve the quality of black tea. However, there are no systematic reports on the response of tea catechins to DS. Here, we reviewed the available literature on the response of tea plants to DS. Secondly, we summarized the current knowledge of ROS production in tea leaves under DS and typical antioxidant response mechanisms. Thirdly, we conducted a detailed review of the changes in catechin levels in tea under different drought conditions. We found that the total amounts of catechin and o-quinone increased under DS conditions. We propose that the possible mechanisms underlying tea catechin accumulation under DS conditions include (1) autotrophic formation of o-quinone, (2) polymerization of proanthocyanidins that directly scavenge excess ROS, and (3) formation of metal ion complexes and influence antioxidant systems that indirectly eliminate excess ROS. Finally, we discuss ways of potentially improving black tea quality using drought before picking in the summer/fall dry season. In summary, we mainly discuss the antioxidant mechanisms of tea catechins under DS and the possibility of using drought to improve black tea quality. Our review provides a theoretical basis for the production of high-quality black tea under DS conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
关键词：
Pseudorabies virus (PRV);Diagnosis methods;Prevalence;Multiple-species infection;Prevention and control measures
摘要：
Pseudorabies (PR), also called Aujeszky’s disease, is a highly infectious disease caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV). Without specific host tropism, PRV can infect a wide variety of mammals, including pig, sheep, cattle, etc., thereby causing severe clinical symptoms and acute death. PRV was firstly reported in China in 1950s, while outbreaks of emerging PRV variants have been documented in partial regions since 2011, leading to significant economic losses in swine industry. Although scientists have been devoting to the design of diagnostic approaches and the development of vaccines during the past years, PR remains a vital infectious disease widely prevalent in Chinese pig industry. Especially, its potential threat to human health has also attracted the worldwide attention. In this review, we will provide a summary of current understanding of PRV in China, mainly focusing on PRV history, the existing diagnosis methods, PRV prevalence in pig population and other susceptible mammals, molecular characteristics, and the available vaccines against its infection. Additionally, promising agents including traditional Chinese herbal medicines and novel inhibitors that may be employed to treat this viral infection, are also discussed.
作者机构：
[He, Zhenhui] Hunan Univ Changsha, Foreign Languages Dept, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[He, Zhenhui] Hunan Agr Univ Changsha, Foreign Languages Dept, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Automatic marking of English compositions is a rapidly developing field in recent years. It has gradually replaced teachers' manual reading and become an important tool to relieve the teaching burden. The existing literature shows that the error of verb consistency and the error of verb tense are the two types of grammatical errors with the highest error rate in English composition. Hence, the detection results of verb errors can reflect the practicability and effectiveness of an automatic reading system. This paper proposes an English verb's grammar error detection algorithm based on the cyclic neural network. Since LSTM can effectively retain the valid information in the context during training, this paper decided to use LSTM to model the labeled training corpus. At the same time, how to convert the text information in English compositions into numerical values for subsequent calculation is also an important step in automatic reading. Most mainstream tools use the word bag model, i.e., each word is encoded according to the order of each word in the dictionary. Although this encoding method is simple and easy to use, it not only causes the vector to lose the sequence information of the text but also is prone to dimensional disaster. Therefore, word embedding model is adopted in this paper to encode the text, and the text information is sequentially mapped to a low-dimensional vector space. In this way, the position information of the text is not lost, and the dimensional disaster is avoided. The proposed work collects some corpus samples and compares the proposed algorithm with Jouku and Bingguo. The verification results show the superiority of the proposed algorithm in verb error detection.
作者机构：
[Teng, Fan; Jin, Xue-Feng; Gui, Qing-Wen; Li, Zhou-Chao; Xiong, Zhi-Yuan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[He, Wei-Min; Lin, Ying-Wu] Univ South China, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Cao, Zhong] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Hunan Prov Key Lab Mat Protect Elect Power & Tran, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wei-Min He] S;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
关键词：
Green chemistry;Visible light;External photosensitizer-free;Tandem reaction;2-MeTHF
摘要：
An efficient and eco-friendly protocol for synthesizing difluoromethylated oxindoles through a visiblelight induced one-pot tandem reaction of N-arylacrylamides, difluoroacetic acid and Ph I（OAc）2 was developed. This reaction proceeded in the absence of any additive, base, metal-catalyst and external photosensitizer, using cheap and easily available CHF2CO2H as the difluoromethylation reagent and bulk biomass-derived 2-Me THF as the sole solvent. 26 Examples of N-arylacrylamide substrates were investigated, and all of them successfully underwent difluoromethylation to deliver the target products in good to excellent yields.
作者机构：
[Li, Wei; She, Yalan] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Vasenko, Andrey S.] HSE Univ, Moscow 101000, Russia.;[Vasenko, Andrey S.] Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, IE Tamm Dept Theoret Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia.;[Prezhdo, Oleg V.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
通讯机构：
[Wei Li] S;[Oleg V. Prezhdo] D;Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA<&wdkj&>School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China
摘要：
Photoinduced nonequilibrium processes in nanoscale materials play key roles in photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications. This review summarizes recent theoretical investigations of excited state dynamics in metal halide perovskites (MHPs), carried out using a state-of-the-art methodology combining nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with real-time time-dependent density functional theory. The simulations allow one to study evolution of charge carriers at the ab initio level and in the time-domain, in direct connection with time-resolved spectroscopy experiments. Eliminating the need for the common approximations, such as harmonic phonons, a choice of the reaction coordinate, weak electron-phonon coupling, a particular kinetic mechanism, and perturbative calculation of rate constants, we model full-dimensional quantum dynamics of electrons coupled to semiclassical vibrations. We study realistic aspects of material composition and structure and their influence on various nonequilibrium processes, including nonradiative trapping and relaxation of charge carriers, hot carrier cooling and luminescence, Auger-type charge-charge scattering, multiple excitons generation and recombination, charge and energy transfer between donor and acceptor materials, and charge recombination inside individual materials and across donor/acceptor interfaces. These phenomena are illustrated with representative materials and interfaces. Focus is placed on response to external perturbations, formation of point defects and their passivation, mixed stoichiometries, dopants, grain boundaries, and interfaces of MHPs with charge transport layers, and quantum confinement. In addition to bulk materials, perovskite quantum dots and 2D perovskites with different layer and spacer cation structures, edge passivation, and dielectric screening are discussed. The atomistic insights into excited state dynamics under realistic conditions provide the fundamental understanding needed for design of advanced solar energy and optoelectronic devices.
摘要：
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predominantly have a respiratory tract infection with various symptoms and high mortality is associated with respiratory failure second to severe disease. The risk factors leading to severe disease remain unclear. Here, we reanalyzed a published single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) dataset and found that bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with severe disease compared to those with mild disease contained decreased TH17-type cells, decreased IFNA1-expressing cells with lower expression of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR8, increased IgA-expressing B cells, and increased hyperactive epithelial cells (and/or macrophages) expressing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), which may together contribute to the pulmonary pathology in severe COVID-19. We propose IFN-I (and TLR7/TLR8) and PAI-1 as potential biomarkers to predict the susceptibility to severe COVID-19.
关键词：
paper-based sensor;lateral flow test strips;microfluidics;bioassay trace
摘要：
With characters of low cost, portability, easy disposal, and high accuracy, as well as bulky reduced laboratory equipment, paper-based sensors are getting increasing attention for reliable indoor/outdoor onsite detection with nonexpert operation. They have become powerful analysis tools in trace detection with ultra-low detection limits and extremely high accuracy, resulting in their great popularity in medical detection, environmental inspection, and other applications. Herein, we summarize and generalize the recently reported paper-based sensors based on their application for mechanics, biomolecules, food safety, and environmental inspection. Based on the biological, physical, and chemical analytes-sensitive electrical or optical signals, extensive detections of a large number of factors such as humidity, pressure, nucleic acid, protein, sugar, biomarkers, metal ions, and organic/inorganic chemical substances have been reported via paper-based sensors. Challenges faced by the current paper-based sensors from the fundamental problems and practical applications are subsequently analyzed; thus, the future directions of paper-based sensors are specified for their rapid handheld testing.
期刊：
Veterinary Medicine and Science,2021年7(5):2086-2092 ISSN：2053-1095
通讯作者：
Shuo-Xin Zhang<&wdkj&>Zhao-Ying Liu
作者机构：
[Zhang, Shuo-Xin; Zhang, Hua-Hai] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Shuo-Xin; Zhang, Hua-Hai] Qinling Natl Forest Ecosyst Res Stn, Huoditang, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Wen-Jia] Yangling Demonstrat Zone Hosp, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Zhao-Ying; Huang, Ya-Jun] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Ya-Jun] Hunan Prima Drug Res Ctr Co Ltd, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Shuo-Xin Zhang; Zhao-Ying Liu] C;College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China<&wdkj&>Qinling National Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Huoditang, China<&wdkj&>College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
Gelsemium is a small genus of flowering plants from the family Loganiaceae comprising five species, three of which, Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) J. St.-Hil., G. elegans Benth and G. rankinii Small, are particularly popular. Compared with other alkaloids from G. elegans, gelsemine, gelsevirine and koumine exhibit equally potent anxiolytic effects and low toxicity. Although the pharmacological activities and metabolism of koumine and gelsemine have been reported in previous studies, the species differences of gelsevirine metabolism have not been well studied. In this study, the metabolism of gelsevirine was investigated by using liver microsomes of humans, pigs, goats and rats by means of HPLC-QqTOF/MS. The results indicated that the metabolism of gelsevirine in liver microsomes had qualitative and quantitative species differences. Based on the results, the possible metabolic pathways of gelsevirine in liver microsomes were proposed. Investigation of the metabolism of gelsevirine will provide a basis for further studies of the in vivo metabolism of this drug.
作者机构：
[Lin, Yuan; Zhao, Hainan; Kotlarz, Magdalena; Jiang, Jiming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.;[Lin, Yuan] Hunan Agr Univ, Engn Res Ctr Hort Crop Germplasm Creat & New Vari, Minist Educ, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Jiming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.;[Jiang, Jiming] Michigan State Univ AgBioRes, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
通讯机构：
[Jiang, Jiming] M;Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.;Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.;Michigan State Univ AgBioRes, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
摘要：
Gene expression is controlled and regulated by interactions between cis-regulatory DNA elements (CREs) and regulatory proteins. Enhancers are one of the most important classes of CREs in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic genes, especially those related to development or responses to environmental cues, are often regulated by multiple enhancers in different tissues and/or at different developmental stages. Remarkably, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which enhancers regulate gene expression in plants. We identified a distal enhancer, CRE beta, which regulates the expression of AtDGK7, which encodes a diacylglycerol kinase in Arabidopsis. We developed a transgenic line containing the luciferase reporter gene (LUC) driven by CRE beta fused with a minimal cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. The CRE beta enhancer was shown to play a role in the response to osmotic pressure of the LUC reporter gene. A forward genetic screen pipeline based on the transgenic line was established to generate mutations associated with altered expression of the LUC reporter gene. We identified a suite of mutants with variable LUC expression levels as well as different segregation patterns of the mutations in populations. We demonstrate that this pipeline will allow us to identify trans-regulatory factors associated with CRE beta function as well as those acting in the regulation of the endogenous AtDGK7 gene.
关键词：
biochar;manure fertilizer;nutrient management;P use efficiency;paddy soil;straw incorporation;water regime
摘要：
Agronomic practices affect soil phosphorus（P） availability, P uptake by plants, and subsequently the efficiency of P use. A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of various agronomic practices（straw incorporation, paddy water management, nitrogen（N） fertilizer dose, manure application,and biochar addition） on soil P availability（e.g., soil total P（STP）, soil available P（SAP）, soil microbial biomass P（SMBP）, and rice P uptake as well as P use efficiency（PUE）） over four cropping seasons in a rice-rice cropping system, in subtropical central China. Compared to the non-straw treatment（control,using full dose of chemical N fertilizer）, straw incorporation increased SAP and SMBP by 9.3%–18.5% and 15.5%–35.4%, respectively; substituting half the chemical N fertilizer dose with pig manure and the biochar application increased STP, SAP, and SMBP by 10.5%–48.3%, 30.2%–236.0%, and 19.8%–72.4%,respectively, mainly owing to increased soil P and organic carbon inputs; adding a half dose of N and no N input（reduced N treatments） increased STP and SAP by 2.6%–7.5% and 19.8%–33.7%, respectively, due to decreased soil P outputs. Thus, soil P availability was greatly affected by soil P input and use. The continuous flooding water regime without straw addition significantly decreased SMBP by 11.4% compared to corresponding treatments under a mid-season drainage water regime. Total P uptake by rice grains and straws at the harvest stage increased under straw incorporation and under pig manure application, but decreased under the reduced N treatments and under biochar application at a rate of 48 t ha-1, compared to the control. Rice P uptake was significantly positively correlated with rice biomass, and both were positively correlated with N fertilizer application rates, SAP, SMBP, and STP. Phosphorus use efficiency generally increased under straw incorporation but decreased under the reduced N treatments and under the manure application（with excessive P input）, compared to the control. These results showed that straw incorporation can be used to increase soil P availability and PUE while decreasing the use of chemical P fertilizers. When substituting chemical fertilizers with pig manure, excess P inputs should be avoided in order to reduce P accumulation in the soil as well as the environmental risks from non-point source pollution.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Yangzhu] C;College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
摘要：
Clay minerals are intermediate products generated during soil development, and their neoformation and transformation are closely related to pedogenesis. Here we aimed at identifying the difference in the clay mineral composition of upland soils derived from different parent materials and different soil-forming environments and exploring the importance of clay mineral composition in pedogenesis and soil taxonomy. We sampled 60 soil B horizons in Hunan Province of subtropical China by digging soils derived from granite (GR), slate and shale (SS), Quaternary red clay (QRC), limestone (LS), and sandstone (SDS). The clay mineral composition and its correlation with parent materials, elevation, micro-topography, and pedogenic processes were investigated using X-ray diffraction and Pearson's correlation analysis. The clay mineral was dominated by kaolinite, followed by 2:1-type minerals (illite and vermiculite), and a small fraction of mixed-layer minerals. The composition of soil clay minerals varied with parent materials. Kaolinite was predominant in soils derived from GR and LS; mixed-layer minerals prevailed in QRC, whereas illite and vermiculite were prevalent in SDS. In addition, elevation and micro-climate could also explain the variations in clay mineral composition. Increase in elevation was associated with decreased 1:1 clay mineral content and increased 2:1 clay mineral content, especially in soils developed from LS. The composition and content of clay minerals indicated that Ferrosols, Ultisols, and Acrisols had undergone intense weathering; Primosols, Entisols, and Leptosols were characterised by weak weathering, and Plinthic Ali-Udic Cambosols, Plinthudults, and Plinthosols were characterised by strong redox status. This study suggests that clay mineral composition is related to the parent material, climate, and micro-topography, and that it can serve as an indicator of pedogenesis and soil type in subtropical China.
摘要：
The microbial fermentation process has been used as an alternative pathway to the production of value-added natural products. Of the microorganisms, Yarrowia lipolytica, as an oleaginous platform, is able to produce fatty acid-derived biofuels and biochemicals. Nowadays, there are growing progresses on the production of value-added fatty acid-based bioproducts in Y. lipolytica. However, there are fewer reviews performing the metabolic engineering strategies and summarizing the current production of fatty acid-based bioproducts in Y. lipolytica. To this end, we briefly provide the fatty acid metabolism, including fatty acid biosynthesis, transportation, and degradation. Then, we introduce the various metabolic engineering strategies for increasing bioproduct accumulation in Y. lipolytica. Further, the advanced progress in the production of fatty acid-based bioproducts by Y. lipolytica, including nutraceuticals, biofuels, and biochemicals, is summarized. This review will provide attractive thoughts for researchers working in the field of Y. lipolytica.
摘要：
Surface area and porosity are important physical properties of biochar, playing a crucial role in many biochar applications, such as wastewater treatment and soil remediation. The production of engineered biochar with highly porous structure and large surface area has received extensive attention. This paper comprehensively reviewed the effects of biomass and pyrolysis parameters on the surface area and porosity of biochar. The composition of biomass feedstock and pyrolysis temperature are the major influencing factors. It is suggested that the lignocellulosic biomass is an outstanding candidate, wood and woody biomass in particular. Besides, moderate temperatures (400-700 degrees C) are suitable for the development of the pore structure. Further improvement can be implemented by additional treatments. Activation is the most widely used and effective way to promote biochar surface area and porosity, especially the chemical activation. Enhancement can also be achieved by using other treatment methods, such as carbonaceous materials coating, ball milling, and templating. Future research should focus on upgrading or developing treatment technology to achieve enhanced functionality and porous structure of biochar simultaneously. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
关键词：
Ultrahigh-performance concrete;Steel-UHPC lightweight composite bridge;UHPC transverse joint;Flexural test
摘要：
Joints are always the key issue of the precast bridge structures for accelerated construction. In this paper, the transverse joint of a fully precast steel-UHPC lightweight composite bridge was proposed. Based on the first small-medium-span fully precast steel-UHPC lightweight composite bridge in China, the flexural test of the proposed T-shaped joint was conducted. The test result showed that no apparent crack can be seen in the middle of the specimen, and the successively poured joint interface was the weak link of the design. The equations of the joint interface maximum crack width and the ultimate bearing capacity were presented through theoretical analysis, and the prediction and the experimental results were generally consistent. The length of the proposed T-shaped joint upper part was discussed with the spans of 20-50 m, and the value of 0.1L was finally determined.
期刊：
Frontiers in Microbiology,2021年12:698213 ISSN：1664-302X
通讯作者：
Dai, Q.;Huang, X.
作者机构：
[Liu, Yang; Huang, Xingguo] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Li, Chuang; Jiang, Guitao; Zhang, Xu; Dai, Qiuzhong; Liu, Yang; Huang, Xuan] Hunan Inst Anim & Vet Sci, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Lin, Qian] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Bast Fiber Crops, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Shengli] Shandong Lonct Enzymes Co Ltd, Linyi, Shandong, Peoples R China.;[He, Lingyun] Anim Husb & Fisheries Affairs Ctr, Huaihua, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Huang, X.] C;[Dai, Q.] H;Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary ScienceChina;College of Animal Science and Technology, China
关键词：
Gut Microbiota;Ferulic acid (FA);Growth performance (GP);Serum cytokine;Intestinal morphology;Duck
摘要：
The present study investigated the effects of ferulic acid (FA) on the growth performance, serum cytokine profile, intestinal morphology, and intestinal microbiota in ducks at the growing stage. 300 female Linwu ducks at 28 days of age with similar body weights were randomly divided into five groups. Each group contained six replicates of 10 birds. The dietary treatments were corn-soybean-based diet supplemented with FA at the concentrations of 0 (control), 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg diet. The results demonstrated that dietary FA at the levels of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg increased the average daily gain (P = 0.01), 400 and 800 mg/kg FA increased the final body weight (P = 0.02), 100, 200, and 800 mg/kg FA increased the serum glutathione (P = 0.01), and 100, 400, and 800 mg/kg FA increased the glutathione peroxidase activities in birds (P < 0.01). Additionally, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg dietary FA lowered the serum levels of interleukin-2 (P = 0.02) and interleukin-6 (P = 0.04). Moreover, the morphometric study of the intestines indicated that 400 mg/kg FA decreased the crypt depth in jejunum (P = 0.01) and caecum (P = 0.04), and increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in jejunum (P = 0.02). Significant linear and/or quadratic relationships were found between FA concentration and the measured parameters. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that dietary FA increased the populations of genera Faecalibacterium, Paludicola, RF39, and Faecalicoccus in the cecum (P < 0.05), whereas decreased the populations of Anaerofilum and UCG-002 (P < 0.05). The Spearman correlation analysis indicated that phylum Proteobacteria were negatively, but order Oscillospirales, and family Ruminococcaceae were positively related to the parameters of the growth performance. Phylum Bacteroidetes, class Negativicutes and family Rikenellaceae were negatively associated with the parameters of the antioxidative capability. And phylum Cyanobacteria, Elusimicrobia, and Bacteroidetes, class Bacilli, family Rikenellaceae, and genus Prevotella were positively associated with the parameters of the immunological capability. Thus, it was concluded that the supplementations of 400 mg/kg FA in diet was able to improve the growth performance, antioxidative and immunological capabilities, intestinal morphology, and modulated the gut microbial construction of Linwu ducks at the growing stage.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Chuang] H;Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Microelement Res Ctr, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Rice is one of the most susceptible plants to iron (Fe) deficiency under neutral and alkaline conditions. Alkaline stress induces H2O2 production and increases the deposition of Fe on the root surface, which causes leaf chlorosis and Fe deficiency in rice. Gene chip and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of the nitrate reductase (NR) genes were downregulated by alkaline treatment, which resulted in significantly decreased nitrate activity and nitric oxide (NO) production in the epidermis and stele, where H2O2 accumulated. In contrast, treatment with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, strongly alleviated alkaline-induced Fe deficiency by limiting Fe plaque formation. Increasing the NO signal significantly reduced the accumulation of H2O2 and the lignin barrier but enhanced phenolic acid secretion in the root epidermis and stele under alkaline conditions. The secreted phenolic acid effectively mobilized the apoplast Fe and increased Fe uptake in roots, thereby alleviating the Fe-deficiency response and downregulating the expressions of Fe-uptake genes under alkaline conditions. In conclusion, alkaline stress inhibits NR activity and NO production in the roots of rice, which play vital roles in the mobilization of the apoplast Fe by regulation of H2O2 and phenolic acid concentrations.
摘要：
Background. As one of the most important vegetable crops, pepper has rich nutritional value and high economic value. Increasing heat stress due to the global warming has a negative impact on the growth and yield of pepper. Methods. To understand the heat stress response mechanism of pepper, an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis was employed to identify possible heat-responsive proteins and metabolic pathways in 17CL30 and 05S180 pepper seedlings under heat stress. Result. In the present study, we investigated the changes of phenotype, physiology, and proteome in heat-tolerant (17CL30) and heat-sensitive (05S180) pepper cultivars in response to heat stress. Phenotypic and physiological changes showed that 17CL30 had a stronger ability to resist heat stress compared with 05S180. In proteomic analysis, a total of 3,874 proteins were identified, and 1,591 proteins were considered to participate in the process of heat stress response. According to bioinformatic analysis of heat-responsive proteins, the heat tolerance of 17CL30 might be related to a higher ROS scavenging, photosynthesis, signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, and stress defense, compared with 05S180.
通讯机构：
[Chao-Ting Xiao; Chao-Ting Xiao Chao-Ting Xiao Chao-Ting Xiao] I;Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
摘要：
Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) is the fourth porcine circovirus newly identified in China, and it could be detected in diseased and healthy pigs. To date, the prevalence of PCV4 DNA in pig herds has been investigated in many provinces from both China and Korea, with positive rates varied from 3.28% to 25.4% in samples from different regions. However, up to now no serological data have been reported to evaluate the prevalence of PCV4 in pig herds. In this study, an indirect anti-PCV4 IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on replicase protein (Rep) was developed and utilized to investigate the seroprevalence of PCV4 in pig herds of China. A total of 1790 swine serum samples from 17 provinces of China were tested including samples confirmed positive for PCV4 DNA. There was no cross-reactivity of this ELISA with PCV1, PCV2 and PCV3. PCV4 Rep antibodies have been detected in serum samples from 16 out of 17 provinces in China. The PCV4 overall seroprevalence was 43.97%, with the highest of 67.8% been detected in sows, followed by fattening and suckling pigs with positive rates of 35.0% and 14.56%, respectively, and the lowest of 12.61% been detected in nursery pigs. Moreover, from the present data, the earliest positive sample could be retrieved to at least 2008. The present study provides an overall seroprevalence of PCV4 in China, and is helpful to understand the prevalence of PCV4 in the pig herds since it was discovered.
通讯机构：
[Zhi-Wei Liu] C;[Alaa El-Din Bekhit] D;[Rana Muhammad Aadil] N;Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand<&wdkj&>National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan<&wdkj&>College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
