作者：
Coughlan, Neil E.;Cunningham, Eoghan M.;Cuthbert, Ross N.;Joyce, Patrick W. S.;Anastacio, Pedro;...
期刊：
Journal of Applied Ecology,2021年58(9):1945-1956 ISSN：0021-8901
通讯作者：
Neil E. Coughlan
作者机构：
[Coughlan, Neil E.] Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Cork, Ireland.;[Dick, Jaimie T. A.; Joyce, Patrick W. S.; Eagling, Lawrence E.; Cunningham, Eoghan M.; Cuthbert, Ross N.; Coughlan, Neil E.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland.;[Dick, Jaimie T. A.; Joyce, Patrick W. S.; Eagling, Lawrence E.; Cunningham, Eoghan M.; Vong, Gina Y. W.; Cuthbert, Ross N.; Kregting, Louise; Coughlan, Neil E.] Queens Univ Belfast, Queens Marine Lab, Portaferry, North Ireland.;[Cuthbert, Ross N.; Steffen, Gregor T.; Briski, Elizabeta] GEOMAR Helmholtz Zentrum Ozeanforsch Kiel, Kiel, Germany.;[Anastacio, Pedro; Banha, Filipe] Univ Evora, Dept Paisagem Ambiente & Ordenamento, MARE Marine & Environm Sci Ctr, Evora, Portugal.
通讯机构：
[Neil E. Coughlan] S;School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland<&wdkj&>School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK<&wdkj&>Queen's Marine Laboratory, Queen's University Belfast, Portaferry, UK
关键词：
allometric relationships;biomass and body size measurements;Corbicula;Dreissena;freshwater invasive bivalves;Limnoperna;Sinanodonta;weight conversion equations
摘要：
Invasive bivalves continue to spread and negatively impact freshwater ecosystems worldwide. As different metrics for body size and biomass are frequently used within the literature to standardise bivalve-related ecological impacts (e.g. respiration and filtration rates), the lack of broadly applicable conversion equations currently hinders reliable comparison across bivalve populations. To facilitate improved comparative assessment among studies originating from disparate geographical locations, we report body size and biomass conversion equations for six invasive freshwater bivalves (or species complex members) worldwide: Corbicula fluminea, C. largillierti, Dreissena bugensis, D. polymorpha, Limnoperna fortunei and Sinanodonta woodiana, and tested the reliability (i.e. precision and accuracy) of these equations. Body size (length, width and height) and biomass metrics of living-weight (LW), wet-weight (WW), dry-weight (DW), dry shell-weight (SW), shell free dry-weight (SFDW) and ash-free dry-weight (AFDW) were collected from a total of 44 bivalve populations located in Asia, the Americas and Europe. Relationships between body size and individual biomass metrics, as well as proportional weight-to-weight conversion factors, were determined. For most species, although inherent variation existed between sampled populations, body size directional measurements were found to be good predictors of all biomass metrics (e.g. length to LW, WW, SW or DW: R-2 = 0.82-0.96), with moderate to high accuracy for mean absolute error (MAE): +/- 9.14%-24.19%. Similarly, narrow 95% confidence limits and low MAE were observed for most proportional biomass relationships, indicating high reliability for the calculated conversion factors (e.g. LW to AFDW; CI range: 0.7-2.0, MAE: +/- 0.7%-2.0%). Synthesis and applications. Our derived biomass prediction equations can be used to rapidly estimate the biologically active biomass of the assessed species, based on simpler biomass or body size measurements for a wide range of situations globally. This allows for the calculation of approximate average indicators that, when combined with density data, can be used to estimate biomass per geographical unit-area and contribute to quantification of population-level effects. These general equations will support meta-analyses, and allow for comparative assessment of historic and contemporary data. Overall, these equations will enable conservation managers to better understand and predict ecological impacts of these bivalves.
作者机构：
[Li, Yanlin; Xiong, Xingyao] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Jianbin; Gou, Junbo; Sun, Tianshu; Li, Chong; Liang, Haifei; Du, Ran; Lu, Pengjun; Huang, Sanwen; Wang, Xiaotong; Wu, Yaoyao; Bi, Guiqi; Zhou, Qian; Xiong, Xingyao; Liao, Qinggang; Ro, Dae-Kyun] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Agr Genom Inst Shenzhen, Shenzhen Branch,Minist Agr & Rural Affairs, Guangdong Lab Lingnan Modern Agr,Shenzhen Key Lab, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;[Li, Yanlin] Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr Hort Crop Germplasm Creat & New Vari, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Qian] Peng Cheng Lab, Artificial Intelligence Res Ctr 2, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;[Guo, Lvjun] Tsinghua Univ, Tsinghua Peking Joint Ctr Life Sci, Sch Life Sci, MOE Key Lab Bioinformat, Beijing, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Sanwen Huang; Jianbin Yan] S;Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
摘要：
The ancient gymnosperm genus Taxus is the exclusive source of the anticancer drug paclitaxel, yet no reference genome sequences are available for comprehensively elucidating the paclitaxel biosynthesis pathway. We have completed a chromosome-level genome of Taxus chinensis var. mairei with a total length of 10.23 gigabases. Taxus shared an ancestral whole-genome duplication with the coniferophyte lineage and underwent distinct transposon evolution. We discovered a unique physical and functional grouping of CYP725As (cytochrome P450) in the Taxus genome for paclitaxel biosynthesis. We also identified a gene cluster for taxadiene biosynthesis, which was formed mainly by gene duplications. This study will facilitate the elucidation of paclitaxel biosynthesis and unleash the biotechnological potential of Taxus. A high-quality Taxus genome provides insight into the genome evolution of the Taxus genus and the biosynthesis of paclitaxel.
摘要：
Phyllosilicate nanoparticles play an important role in regulating the biogeochemical processes of Fe(II) and As(III) in paddy soils due to their high mobility and activity. In the present work, two prepared muscovite nanoparticles with different sizes (LNPs and SNPs) were used to investigate the effect of the size of phyllosilicate nanoparticles on the coprecipitation of Fe(II) and As(III) during oxidation process. The results showed that muscovite nanoparticles could significantly promote the removal of Fe(II) and As(III) during coprecipitation process. The formation of crystalline iron oxide and oxidation of As(III) tended to be suppressed by the two muscovite nanoparticles, and the suppression increased as muscovite nanoparticle size decrease. The findings of this study provide a contribution to understanding the roles of the natural phyllosilicate nanoparticles in regulating the biogeochemical processes of Fe and As elements in polluted paddy soils.
摘要：
Environmental stress can greatly influence the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in tea leaves, thereby affecting tea quality. Metabonomics technology has enabled a clear understanding of stress-induced changes in plant metabolite profiles. However, few studies have actually brought this knowledge into the tea production process. This review proposes a feasible strategy to link the relationships among stress factors, metabolites, and tea quality. First, we extensively review a number of studies that focused the effects of stress, namely, cold, drought, intense light, and insect herbivory, on soluble sugars, free amino acids, catechins, caffeine, and aroma compounds in tea leaves. These studies included single or multiple artificial stress conditions (e.g., wounding, drying, and low temperature) during pre-harvest plant growth and post-harvest processing, which induced the production of different types of volatile compounds, such as fatty acid derivatives, amino acid derivatives, terpenoid derivatives, phenylpropanoids, and benzenoids. As environmental stress conditions and tea manufacturing have similar effects on leaves, tea manufacturing was considered as an exposure to multiple stress factors during tea production. Finally, our review aims to provide a useful understanding of plant metabolism based on which, tea leaves may be purposely exposed to controlled stress conditions during tea manufacturing as a novel strategy for scientifically improving tea quality.
摘要：
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different supplementation levels of palygorskite and probiotics complex (Pal-Pro) on laying performance, hatching performance, egg quality, plasma antioxidative status, and immune response of broiler breeders. A total of 432 Xuefeng black-bone chickens (42-week-old) were randomly assigned into four treatments with six replicates of 18 hens. The broiler breeders were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0, 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg Pal-Pro for 8 weeks. The Pal-Pro supplementation linearly or quadratically increased (p < .05) laying rate, fertilisation rate, hatchability of fertile eggs, heath hatched chicks rate, eggshell thickness, yolk index, total antioxidant capacity, activities of total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and contents of immunoglobulins, interleukin-2, and tumour necrosis factor-α in plasma. With Pal-Pro supplementation increased, feed convention ratio during 5–8 and 1–8 week, embryo mortality, malondialdehyde linearly decreased (p < .05). This finding suggested that dietary supplementation with 750 mg/kg Pal-Pro administration could improve the antioxidative status and immunoglobulins contents in plasma of broiler breeders, which may contribute to an increase in broiler’s laying rate, hatching performance, egg quality, such as eggshell thickness and yolk index.
Dietary supplementation of Pal-Pro decreased the feed conversion ratio and embryo mortality of broiler breeders.
Dietary supplementation of Pal-Pro improved the laying rate, fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs, and yolk index of broiler breeders.
Dietary supplementation of Pal-Pro enhanced the antioxidant capacity and the level of immunoglobulins in the plasma.
通讯作者：
Jun-Pei Yue<&wdkj&>Xiong-Wei Wu<&wdkj&>Qi Deng
作者机构：
[Zuo, Lan-Lan; Ma, Qiang; Liu, Xue-Jiao; Wu, Xiong-Wei; Chen, Meng-Jie; Fu, Sha] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Peng-Sheng] Ningxia Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, Peoples R China.;[Deng, Qi; Yue, Jun-Pei] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Key Lab Mol Nanostruct & Nanotechnol, CAS Res Educ Ctr Excellence Mol Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci BNLMS,Inst Chem, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.;[Deng, Qi] Hunan Acad Forestry, State Key Lab Utilizat Woody Oil Resource China, Changsha 41004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jun-Pei Yue; Qi Deng] C;[Xiong-Wei Wu] S;CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China<&wdkj&>Hunan Academy of Forestry, State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource of China, Changsha, Hunan 41004, China<&wdkj&>School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China<&wdkj&>CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
摘要：
Lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) as the next generation of promising high energy density alternatives among electrochemical storage technologies have received worldwide attention. However, the incompatibility between metallic lithium and traditional liquid electrolytes is the dominant reason for the formation of lithium dendrites, consequently leading to the deterioration of LMBs. Although the development of solid electrolytes such as inorganic electrolytes, composite polymer electrolytes, and polymer electrolytes solve the leakage problem of the toxic and volatile liquid electrolyte, the low ion migration in the bulk and the electrode-electrolytes at room temperature cannot guarantee continuous Li+ carrier transportation. Gel polymer electrolytes with a synergetic superiority of the solid electrolytes and liquid electrolytes are attractive for application in high energy density LMBs. In this review, the scientific challenges, ion transfer mechanisms, and design strategies for gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are presented. The design of functional gel polymer electrolytes, focusing on the thermal response behavior, metallic lithium anode and cathode in whole batteries, is summarized. The challenges and perspectives for the rational design of safe and functional gel polymer electrolytes towards high performance, and the assurance of safe LMBs, are also discussed.
摘要：
Pepper is an important vegetable cultivated worldwide. Pepper fruits accumulate unique metabolites, capsanthin and capsaicin, which are important raw materials for natural pigment and medicine. Pepper plants are rich in genetic diversity and are attractive subjects for fruit developmental studies. The release of pepper reference genomes provided key genetic information for dissecting function of pepper genes underlying various interesting phenotypes (Kim et al., 2014; Qin et al., 2014). However, due to the difficulty in transformation, dissecting genetic mechanisms in pepper remained technically challenging.
摘要：
Areca nut and Fuzhuan brick tea, a type of natural plant products, have obvious effects of fat reduction and weight loss; however, there is no report on their synergistic effect. This study investigated the effects of Fuzhuan brick tea supplemented with different concentrations of areca nut (5% (LAF), 10% (MAF), and 20% (HAF)) on serum and gut microbiota in Kunming (KM) mice. The results showed that Fuzhuan brick tea supplemented with areca nuts (AFTs) could reduce weight, prevent the accumulation of fat, inhibit the increase in the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose, free fatty acid, insulin, and total bile acid, alleviate the decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and regulate the composition of gut microbiota by high-fat diet intervention. The HAF group with 20% areca nut content showed the best effect. These results could provide a novel approach to prevent obesity and hyperlipidemia. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Consumption of areca nut and tea is widespread in Asia and other regions. As a controversial raw material, the damage due to areca nut to oral mucosa health has often aroused public concern and heated discussion; however, its medicinal value has been confirmed in terms of its pharmacological effects in various aspects. Fuzhuan brick tea, a type of traditional postfermented dark tea, has been confirmed to exert effects of antiobesity. Therefore, the areca nut and Fuzhuan brick tea, as a type of natural plant products, have obvious effects of fat reduction and weight loss; however, their synergistic effect has not been reported. To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore the effects of the Fuzhuan brick tea supplemented with areca nuts (AFTs) on serum and gut microbiota in mice. On the premise of exerting their beneficial effects (especially in terms of easing food stagnation and eliminating indigestion) and reducing their toxic and side effects, the effects of AFTs on health were further clarified, which could provide a novel direction for the development and utilization of areca nut. Moreover, our research would increase public understanding of areca nut and provide guidance to the Fuzhuan brick tea processing industry.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Yingzi; Feng, Meiyan] N;National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.;National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, China
作者机构：
[Meng, Delong; Li, Liangzhi; Tao, Jiemeng; Gu, Yabing; Liu, Zhenghua; Liu, Xueduan; Yin, Huaqun] Cent South Univ, Sch Minerals Proc & Bioengn, Changsha 410006, Peoples R China.;[Meng, Delong; Li, Liangzhi; Tao, Jiemeng; Gu, Yabing; Liu, Zhenghua; Liu, Xueduan; Yin, Huaqun] Cent South Univ, Key Lab Biomet, Minist Educ, Changsha 410006, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Zhenghua; Wang, Jianjun] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China.;[Li, Xiutong; Jiang, Zhen; Liang, Zonglin; Jiang, Chengying; Huang, Ye; Liu, Shuangjiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, State Key Lab Microbial Resources, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.;[Li, Xiutong; Jiang, Zhen; Liang, Zonglin; Jiang, Chengying; Huang, Ye; Liu, Shuangjiang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jianjun Wang; Chengying Jiang; Huaqun Yin] S;School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410006 China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410006 China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China<&wdkj&>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China<&wdkj&>Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008 China
摘要：
Alicyclobacillus species inhabit diverse environments and have adapted to broad ranges of pH and temperature. However, their adaptive evolutions remain elusive, especially regarding the role of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Here, we characterized the distributions and functions of MGEs in Alicyclobacillus species across five environments, including acid mine drainage (AMD), beverages, hot springs, sediments, and soils. Nine Alicyclobacillus strains were isolated from AMD and possessed larger genome sizes and more genes than those from other environments. Four AMD strains evolved to be mixotrophic and fell into distinctive clusters in phylogenetic tree. Four types of MGEs including genomic island (GI), insertion sequence (IS), prophage, and integrative and conjugative element (ICE) were widely distributed in Alicyclobacillus species. Further, AMD strains did not possess CRISPR-Cas systems, but had more GI, IS, and ICE, as well as more MGE-associated genes involved in the oxidation of iron and sulfide and the resistance of heavy metal and low temperature. These findings highlight the differences in phenotypes and genotypes between strains isolated from AMD and other environments and the important role of MGEs in rapid environment niche expansions.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Guanghui; Tang, Rui] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Agr Coll, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Crop Res Inst, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Drought is one of the most significant abiotic stresses that affects the growth and productivity of crops worldwide. Finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] is a C4 crop with high nutritional value and drought tolerance. However, the drought stress tolerance genetic mechanism of finger millet is largely unknown. In this study, transcriptomic (RNA-seq) and proteomic (iTRAQ) technologies were combined to investigate the finger millet samples treated with drought at different stages to determine drought response mechanism. A total of 80,602 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 3,009 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the transcriptomic and proteomic levels, respectively. An integrated analysis, which combined transcriptome and proteome data, revealed the presence of 1,305 DEPs were matched with the corresponding DEGs (named associated DEGs-DEPs) when comparing the control to samples which were treated with 19 days of drought (N1-N2 comparison group), 1,093 DEGs-DEPs between control and samples which underwent rehydration treatment for 36 hours (N1-N3 comparison group) and 607 DEGs-DEPs between samples which were treated with drought for 19 days and samples which underwent rehydration treatment for 36 hours (N2-N3 comparison group). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis identified 80 DEGs-DEPs in the N1-N2 comparison group, 49 DEGs-DEPs in the N1-N3 comparison group, and 59 DEGs-DEPs in the N2-N3 comparison group, which were associated with drought stress. The DEGs-DEPs which were drought tolerance-related were enriched in hydrolase activity, glycosyl bond formation, oxidoreductase activity, carbohydrate binding and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Co-expression network analysis revealed two candidate DEGs-DEPs which were found to be centrally involved in drought stress response. These results suggested that the coordination of the DEGs-DEPs was essential to the enhanced drought tolerance response in the finger millet.
期刊：
Journal of Food Processing and Preservation,2021年45(11):e15903- ISSN：0145-8892
通讯作者：
Su-Chun Liu
作者机构：
[Hu, Zhi-Yuan; Liu, Su-Chun] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Zhi-Yuan; Li, Tao-Tao; Yu, Song-Lin; Liu, Shi-Quan] Dark Tea & Jin Hua Hunan City Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab, Yiyang, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Zheng-Gang] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Key Lab Natl Forestry & Grassland Adm Management, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Wei-Ping] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Business, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Su-Chun Liu] C;College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
In this study, the whole mitochondrial genome sequencing of Aspergillus chevalieri, which was isolated from dark tea were analyzed and compared with its two related species (Aspergillus cristatum and Aspergillus pseudoglaucus). Results indicated that the mitochondrial genome of A. chevalieri was 56,139 bp in length, the content of the four bases A, T, C and G are 36.83%, 35.79%, 12.30% and 15.08% respectively, its genome encoded 44 genes. The phylogenetic tree constructed with mitochondrial protein-encoding genes could effectively clarify the evolutionary relationship between A. chevalieri, A. cristatum, A. pseudoglaucus and other Aspergillus species. The morphological characteristics and extracellular enzyme activities of the 3 Aspergillus were further analyzed. Results showed that there were certain differences in the microstructure and enzymatic characteristics of the three Aspergillus species. This study improves the taxonomy status of Aspergillus and is conducive to the control of the fermentation process of dark tea. Practical applications Aspergillus is a dominant and essential microorganism in several types of fermented foods, especially dark tea. However, Aspergillus species were easy to be confused. Our research compares and analyzes the Aspergillus chevalieri, Aspergillus cristatum, and Aspergillus pseudoglaucus in dark tea from the three aspects of the mitochondrial genome, morphological characteristics, and enzyme activity, which is helpful for identify and control of the key microorganisms in the fermentation of dark tea and stabilize the product quality.
