通讯机构：
[Zhou, Qian] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Nongda Road 1, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
摘要：
In this study, a novel single-stranded RNA virus was isolated from the plant-pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum strain HTC-5, and the virus was named “Colletotrichum higginsianum ssRNA virus 1” (ChRV1). The complete genome of ChRV1 is 3850 nucleotides in length with a GC content of 52% and contains two in-frame open reading frames (ORFs): ORF1 (smaller) and ORF2 (larger). ORF1 encodes a protein with the highest sequence similarity to proteins encoded by Phoma matteucciicola RNA virus 1 (PmRV1, 47.99% identity) and Periconia macrospinosa ambiguivirus 1 (PmAV1, 50.73% identity). ORF2 encodes a protein with a conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain with similarity to the RdRps of PmRV1 (61.41% identity) and PmAV1 (60.61% identity), which are recently reported unclassified (+) ssRNA mycoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the RdRp domain showed that ChRV1 grouped together with PmRV1, PmAV1, and other unclassified (+) ssRNA mycoviruses and had a distant relationship to invertebrate viruses and plant viruses of the family Tombusviridae. This is the first report of a novel (+) ssRNA virus infecting the phytopathogenic fungus C. higginsianum.
摘要：
Ecological rice-cropping systems (ERSs) are prosperous rice ecosystems that have a profound influence on global greenhouse (GHG) effects. However, the high variation in research results requires an accurate evaluation of the ERS effects. In this study, three typical ERS modes, rice-crayfish, rice-duck, and rice-fish were selected, and a meta-analysis was conducted using the data of 34 studies to comprehensively evaluate the effects of ERSs on GHG emissions, the global warming potential (GWP), and GHG intensity (GHGI). The results showed that the ERSs reduced CH4 emissions significantly (-12.5%), but increased N2O emissions by 11.3% as compared with traditional rice-cropping systems (TRSs). Further, ERSs have slightly lower GWP, rice yield, and GHGI values (6.5%, 5.5%, and 5.6%, respectively) than TRSs. The rice-crayfish and rice-duck modes significantly alleviated the GWP by 18.0% and 11.1%, respectively, whereas the rice-fish mode enhanced the GWP by 20.8%. Moreover, the rice-duck mode significantly reduced the GHGI by 17.2%, while the ricecrayfish and rice-fish modes increased the GHGI by 9.7% and 8.8%, respectively. Further, the ERSs significantly changed the dissolved oxygen concentration in the flood water as well as the Eh, dissolved organic carbon, and ammonium nitrogen in the soil, wherein the effect sizes of the ERSs on the GHG emissions were significantly correlated with their respective increase. Considering the net ecosystem economic budget and CO2 emissions equivalent/output, ERSs were found to be effective "green technologies". Further, we found that the rice-duck ERS was a good ecological ricecropping system for global warming mitigation. Our study provided new ideas for sustainable agriculture. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
From the way of free aid to the cooperation mode of aid, trade and investment, Sino African agricultural cooperation has made long-term progress. The modern agricultural production mode has accelerated the development of agricultural economy and greatly enriched people's material life. However, in the background of pursuing the rapid growth of agricultural economy, it also brings pollution and destruction to the rural ecological environment and threatens the long-term survival and development of people. Taking the Sino African cooperation project as an example, this paper qualitatively studies the current situation of agricultural economy and rural ecological environment in an African city, constructs the evaluation index system of agricultural economic system from two dimensions of economic strength and economic vitality, constructs the evaluation index system of rural ecological environment system from three dimensions of ecological quality, production environment and environmental pollution, and introduces the coefficient of variation measurement model. The coordinated development of agricultural economy and rural ecological environment in recent ten years is quantitatively evaluated. The results show that the overall development trend of agricultural economy and rural ecological environment in the study period is good. The degree of coordinated development is constantly improving, and the type of coordinated development transits from mild imbalance in the early stage to the verge of imbalance, and from the later stage to barely coordinated type.
摘要：
Pochonia chlamydosporia is a fungal parasite of nematode eggs. Studies have shown that some strains of Pochonia chlamydosporia can promote plant growth and induce plants' systemic resistance to root-knot nematodes by colonizing in their roots. This study aimed to verify the effect of the PC-170 strain on tomato growth and systemic resistance. Split-root experiments were conducted to observe the systemic resistance induced by PC-170. To explore the defense pathway that was excited due to the colonization by PC-170, we tested the expression of marker genes for defense pathways, and used mutant lines to verify the role of plant defense pathways. Our results showed that PC-170 can colonize roots, and promotes growth. We found a role for jasmonic acid (JA) in modulating tomato colonization by PC-170. PC-170 can activate tomato defense responses to reduce susceptibility to infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and induced resistance to some pathogens in tomatoes. The marker genes of the defense pathway were significantly induced after PC-170 colonization. However, salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent defenses in roots were variable with the invasion of different pathogens. Defense pathways play different roles at different points in time. SA- and JA-dependent defense pathways were shown to cross-communicate. Different phytohormones have been involved in tomato plants' responses against different pathogens. Our study confirmed that adaptive JA signaling is necessary to regulate PC-170 colonization and induce systemic resistance in tomatoes.
通讯机构：
[Xin Wu] K;Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
摘要：
In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal yeast-based nucleotide (YN) supplementation on the intestinal immune response and barrier function in neonatal pigs, as well as the diarrhoea rate and growth performance in suckling piglets. Sixty-four late-gestation sows were assigned to the following groups: the CON (fed a basal diet) and YN groups (fed a basal diet with 4 g YN/kg diet). The experiment started on d 85 of gestation and ended on d 20 of lactation. Diarrhoea rate and average daily gain of the piglets were recorded, and samples of blood and intestines from neonatal piglets were collected before they consumed colostrum during farrowing. Compared with the CON group, maternal YN supplementation increased the weaning weight of litter and decreased the diarrhoea rate (P < 0.01). In addition, maternal YN supplementation promoted the ileal villus development in the neonates compared with that in the CON group (P < 0.01). Maternal YN supplementation also increased the ileal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) level compared with that in the CON group (P < 0.05). The real-time PCR results showed that maternal dietary YN supplementation increased the jejunal and ileal expression of interleukin (IL)-17, IL-8, IL-1 beta, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- alpha in the neonates compared with that in the CON group (P < 0.05). Overall, maternal nucleotide supplementation improved the villus development and innate immunity of neonatal piglets during late pregnancy. This may be associated with the decrease in diarrhoea and the increase in weaning weight of the litter of suckling piglets. (C) 2021, Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
摘要：
This study investigated changes in oxidative stress and the relevant mechanisms in the liver of goats fed a high-concentrate (HC) diet for 5 weeks. Twelve goats were randomly assigned to a low-concentrate (concentrate-to-forage = 55:45, LC, n = 6) or HC diet (concentrate-to-forage = 90:10, n = 6), with dry matter as the base. Enzyme activity assays, real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to evaluate antioxidant parameters and gene expression in the liver. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), total nitric oxide synthase activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the liver declined (p < .01) in HC-fed goats compared to those in LC-fed goats. The mRNA levels of GPX1, CAT and SOD1 were down-regulated (3.69, 47.37 and 27.61%, respectively) in HC-fed goats compared to those in LC-fed goats. Furthermore, glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) was upregulated (466.35%, p < .01) in the liver of HC-fed goats. The mRNA and protein levels of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and total glucocorticoid receptor (GR) declined (p < .05) in HC-fed goats (by 28.57, 33.1, 30.85 and 34%, respectively). However, the nuclear translocation of GR increased (p < .05; by 44.75%) in HC-fed goats. Negative correlations were detected for hepatic nuclear GR protein expression with hepatic CAT activity and GPx activity. In conclusion, feeding an HC diet to goats for 5 weeks suppressed NRF2-dependent antioxidant responses and enhanced GR nuclear translocation in the liver.
Feeding goats high-concentrate diets suppresses NRF2-dependent antioxidant responses in liver, downregulating NRF2 and altering SOD1, GPx and CAT activity.
This suppression of NRF2-dependent antioxidant responses is associated with GR activation in the liver of goats.
摘要：
Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1) ) is a common environmental mycotoxin produced by molds such as Fusarium verticillioides. The toxin poses health risks to domestic animals, including pigs, through FB(1) -contaminanted feed. However, the cytotoxicity of FB(1) to porcine intestines has not been fully analyzed. In the present study, the effects of FB(1) on oxidative stress and nutrient transporter-associated genes of the porcine intestinal IPEC-J2 cells were explored. FB(1) decreased IPEC-J2 proliferation but did not trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. Meanwhile, FB(1) reduced the expression levels of the transporters l-type amino acid transporter-1 (y(+) LAT1), solute carrier family 7 member 1 (SLC7A1), solute carrier family 1 member 5 (ASCT2), and excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1); in addition, FB(1) reduced the levels of the fatty acid transporters long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) and long-chain fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) as well as glucose transporters Na(+) /glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2). FB(1) stimulation increased the expression levels of peptide transporter peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) and metal ion transport-related gene zinc transporter 1 (ZNT1). Moreover, metal ion transporter divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) expression was depressed by a higher dosage of FB(1) . The data indicate that FB(1) results in aberrant expression of nutrient transporters in IPEC-J2 cells, thereby exerting its toxicity even though it fails to exert ROS-dependent oxidative stress.
摘要：
The study investigated the impact of soybean protein from different processing on the performance, dietary nitrogen digestibility, cecal fermentation characteristics, and bacterial community in newly weaned piglets. The piglets were allocated to two dietary treatment and fed with the extruded full-fat soybean diet (EFS group) and enzyme-treated soybean meal diet (ESBM group), respectively. The piglets in ESBM group showed greater nitrogen digestibility and feed efficiency, and lower diarrhea rate in comparison to piglets in EFS group (P < 0.05). Cecal samples from piglets in ESBM group contained greater concentration of acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (P < 0.05), and lower contents of isobutyrate, isovalerate, total BCFAs, NH3-N and putrescine (P < 0.05) than cecal samples from piglets in the EFS group. The cecal samples from piglets in ESBM group contained greater abundances of g_Blautia, g_Coprococcus_3, g_Fusicatenibacter, and g_Bifidobacterium than the cecal sample from piglets in the EFS group, which could promote to protect intestinal health. In summary, enzyme-treated soybean meal may enhance the growth performance of weaned piglets via increasing the dietary nitrogen digestibility, preventing protein fermentation in the hindgut, which shed light on the mechanism in regulating gut health of dietary protein.
摘要：
As an aliphatic amino acid, cysteine (CYS) is diffuse in the living cells of plants and animals. However, little is known of its role in the reactivity of nano-sized zero-valent iron (NZVI) in the degradation of pollutants. This study shows that the introduction of CYS to the NZVI system can help improve the efficiency of reduction, with 30% more efficient degradation and a reaction rate constant nine times higher when nitrobenzene (NB) is used as probe compound. The rates of degradation of NB were positively correlated with the range of concentrations of CYS from 0 to 10 mmol/L. The introduction of CYS increased the maximum concentration of Fe(III) by 12 times and that of Fe(II) by four times in this system. A comparison of systems featuring only CYS or Fe(II) showed that the direct reduction of NB was not the main factor influencing its CYS-stimulated removal. The reduction in the concentration of CYS was accompanied by the generation of cystine (CY, the oxidized form of cysteine), and both eventually became stable. The introduction of CY also enhanced NB degradation due to NZVI, accompanied by the regeneration of CYS. This supports the claim that CYS can accelerate electron transfer from NZVI to NB, thus enhancing the efficiency of degradation of NB.
摘要：
A novel virus, Botryosphaeria dothidea bipartite mycovirus 1 (BdBMV1), was isolated from the plant-pathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea strain HNDT1, and the complete nucleotide sequence of its genome was determined. BdBMV1 consists of two genomic segments. The first segment is 1,976 bp in length and contains a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) (68.95 kDa). The second segment is 1,786 bp in length and also contains a single ORF encoding a hypothetical protein of 35.19 kDa of unknown function. Based on the sequence of its RdRp, BdBMV1 is phylogenetically related to several other unclassified dsRNA mycoviruses, including Cryphonectria parasitica bipartite mycovirus 1 (CpBV1), and has a distant relationship to members of the family Partitiviridae.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY,2021年168(3):030519 ISSN：0013-4651
通讯作者：
Yu, Peng
作者机构：
[Yu, Peng; Wang, Zhiguo; Zhang, Chun; Liu, Hui] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Cai, Zhiyong; Wang, Richu] Cent South Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yu, Peng] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Electrochemical behavior and discharge performance of pure Al and Al-0.55Mg-0.028Sn-0.015Ga alloy anodes for Al-air battery were investigated. Solution heat treatment of the alloy was performed at different temperatures and the relationship between microstructural characteristics and properties was analyzed. The results indicated that the secondary phases dissolve into the Al matrix after solution treatment, and a more homogeneous distribution of the alloy elements is obtained. The solution treatment of the Al alloy anodes at 600 degrees C exhibits a superior performance in both the self-corrosion tests and the Al-air alkaline battery discharge. The energy density of the Al-air battery using this anode is comparable with that of other Al-air battery in the literatures. The anode utilization at 80 mA cm(-2) obtains 87.3% in the battery discharge, which is a desirable performance for the Al-air battery anode. Furthermore, the discharge mechanism of the Al alloy anode is also illuminate based on the microstructural characteristics and electrochemical evaluation.
通讯机构：
[Jienan Chen] M;[Xiaoxun Zhou] C;College of Public Administration and Law, Human Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China<&wdkj&>Ministry of Forestry Bioethanol Research Center, Changsha, 410004, China<&wdkj&>Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Woody Biomass Conversion, Changsha, 410004, China<&wdkj&>College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
摘要：
Biopolymer-based slow-release fertilizers (SRFs) have attracted increasing interest because of their environmental benefits. Herein, a hydrophobic thermoplastic lignin with favorable film formation properties was synthesized through simple crosslinking followed by esterification reactions. The chemical structure, glass transition temperature, and hydrophobicity were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and contact angle studies. The newly synthesized esterified crosslinked sodium lignosulfonate (ECSL) enables the encapsulation of urea via a solvent-free coating method to prepare SRFs because of its appropriate glass transition temperature (Tg) and excellent film formation properties. The ECSL-based SRF released only 86.9% of the encapsulated urea within 44 d, which is superior to most lignin-based SRFs in previous studies. The release rate can also be tuned by adjusting the ECSL ratio. The synthesis of hydrophobic lignin biocomposites with suitable Tgs for film formation resolves the bottleneck of using these types of non-thermoplastic polymers (e.g., lignin) for SRFs. This study not only maximizes the value of biowaste lignin but also offers a non-paradigm approach toward low-cost SRFs for sustainable agriculture.
摘要：
In present, the model-based gear dynamics is the main method for gear pitting fault diagnosis. However, most of gear dynamic models use a constant friction coefficient or friction coefficient obtained by calculation method that contains many simplifications and assumptions. Especially when a gear has fault, previous studies lack calculation of friction coefficient. In this paper, a new method is proposed to estimate the friction coefficient of gear pairs with different pitting. Based on the strain signal of actual gear pitting damage, the proposed method combines the finite element method and optimization method to obtain the friction coefficient at the different gear pitting level. Furthermore, by using calculated friction coefficient to obtain dynamic responses of different gear pitting states, the effects in dynamic responses of different types of friction coefficient are compared and analyzed.
期刊：
Computers and Geotechnics,2021年137:104259 ISSN：0266-352X
通讯作者：
Chen, Xiaobin(chen_xiaobin@csu.edu.cn)
作者机构：
[Li, Ruidong; Yang, Ningyu; Chen, Xiaobin; Hu, Hang; Zhang, Jiasheng] Cent South Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Junqi] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Water Resources & Civil Engn, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xiaobin Chen] S;[Junqi Zhang] C;College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China<&wdkj&>School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
关键词：
Discrete element method;Fiber stiffness;Fiber-reinforced soil;Micromechanical properties;Shear behavior
