关键词：
Gustavus gene;Myzus persicae (Sulzer);fecundity;RNA Interference;Potato virus Y (PVY)
摘要：
Myzus persicae (Sulzer), commonly known as the green peach aphid, is a notorious pest that causes substantial losses to a range of crops and can transmit several plant viruses, including potato virus Y (PVY). Chemical insecticides provide only partial control of this pest and their use is not environmentally sustainable. In recent years, many genes related to growth, development, and reproduction have been used as targets for pest control. These include Gustavus (Gus), a highly conserved gene that has been reported to play an essential part in the genesis of germline cells and, hence, in fecundity in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster. We hypothesized that the Gustavus (Gus) gene was a potential target that could be used to regulate the M. persicae population. In this study, we report the first investigation of an ortholog of Gus in M. persicae, designated MpGus, and describe its role in the fecundity of this insect. First, we identified the MpGus mRNA sequence in the M. persicae transcriptome database, verified its identity with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and then evaluated the transcription levels of MpGus in M. persicae nymphs of different instars and tissues with real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). To investigate its role in regulating the fecundity of M. persicae, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to silence the expression of MpGus in adult insects; this resulted in a significant reduction in the number of embryos (50.6%, P < 0.01) and newborn nymphs (55.7%, P < 0.01) in the treated aphids compared with controls. Interestingly, MpGus was also significantly downregulated in aphids fed on tobacco plants that had been pre-infected with PVYN, concomitant with a significant reduction (34.1%, P < 0.01) in M. persicae fecundity. Collectively, these data highlight the important role of MpGus in regulating fecundity in M. persicae and indicate that MpGus is a promising RNAi target gene for control of this pest species.
摘要：
As the most rigid cytoskeletal filaments, tubulin-labeled microtubules bear compressive forces in living cells, balancing the tensile forces within the cytoskeleton to maintain the cell shape. The current structure is often under several environmental conditions as well as various dynamic or static loads that can decrease the stability of the viscoelastic tubulin-labeled microtubules. For this issue, the dynamic stability analysis of size-dependent viscoelastic tubulin-labeled microtubules using modified strain gradient theory by considering the exact three-length scale parameter. Viscoelastic properties are modeled using Kelvin-Voight model to study the time-dependent tubulin-labeled microtubules structure. By applying energy methods (known as Hamilton's principle), the motion equations of the tubulin-labeled microtubules are developed. The dynamic equations are based on first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), and generalized differential quadrature and fourth-order Runge-Kutta methods are employed to find the model for the natural frequencies. The novelty of the current study is to consider the effects of viscoelastic properties, and exact values of size-dependent parameters on dynamic behaviors of the tubulin-labeled microtubules. Considering three-length scale parameters (l(0) = h, l(1) = h, l(2) = h) in this size-dependent theory leads to a better agreement with molecular dynamic (MD) simulation in comparison with other theories. The results show that when the rigidity of the edges is improved by changing the simply supported to clamped supported boundary conditions, the maximum deflection and stability of the living part would be damped much more quickly.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
摘要：
The existing literature on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) fails to investigate the spatial attribute of the “pollution halo” effect or to integrate the “pollution haven” effect. This paper extends the EKC model to the spatial Durbin model by exploring the spatial spillover of disembodied technology and the pollution transfer effect of environmental regulation. Taking Chinese agricultural foreign trade as an example, our paper finds that the technology spillover does not bring a pollution halo effect to local areas but to adjacent areas. The pollution haven effect impacts the EKC’s turning point, which can be divided into two curves in the spatial dimension: an inverted U-shaped curve, in which the turning point represents the effect of technological innovation, and a U-shaped curve, in which the turning point represents the transfer effect of pollution-intensive industries. Based on the conclusion, this paper recommends that agricultural non-point pollution reduction should be nationally coordinated to establish transport infrastructure and the agricultural human capital conditions for the spatial diffusion of disembodied technology.
通讯机构：
[Rejun Fang] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
early weaning piglets;different levels of LPS and EGF;growth performance;nutrition digestibility;microelement absorption;microelement transport-relative gene
摘要：
Simple Summary This study aims to investigate how epidermal growth factor (EGF) attenuates the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, microelement absorption of early-weaned pigs. A total of 48 early weaned piglets were randomly distributed to four groups consisting of a 2 x 2 factorial design. The main factors were the level of LPS (H-LPS = high LPS: 100 mu g/kg body weight; Z(LPS) = low LPS: 0 mu g/kg body weight) and EGF (H-EGF = high EGF: 2 mg/kg diet; Z(EGF) = low EGF: 0 mg/kg diet). Each group had four replicates and each replicate consisted of three piglets. The results showed that H-LPS level decreased the growth performance and the apparent digestibility of crude fat, while H-EGF level increased the average daily feed intake. The concentration of most microelements in the gastrointestinal tract chyme and feces were increased by H-LPS level and decreased by H-EGF level. The expression levels of most microelement transport-relative genes in the mucosa of gastrointestinal tissues were decreased by H-LPS level and increased by H-EGF level. In conclusion, dietary EGF could attenuate the negative effect of LPS exposure on the apparent digestibility of crude fat and microelement absorption through changing the expression levels of microelement transport-relative genes. EGF can be used as an additive to increase the essential trace elements absorption in the early weaning piglets. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in nutrients absorption. However, whether it can be an effective additive to improve the growth performance and nutrients absorption in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged early weaning piglets is still unknown. A 14-days trial was conducted to investigate how EGF attenuates the effect of LPS on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, microelement absorption of early-weaned pigs, and study the underlying mechanism. A total of 48 early weaned piglets, aged 25 days, were randomly distributed to four groups (control, EGF, LPS and EGF + LPS groups) consisting of a 2 x 2 factorial design. The main factors were the level of LPS (H-LPS = high LPS: 100 mu g/kg body weight; Z(LPS) = low LPS: 0 mu g/kg body weight) and EGF (H-EGF = high EGF: 2 mg/kg diet; Z(EGF) = low EGF: 0 mg/kg diet). Each group had four replicates and each replicate consisted of three piglets. The results showed that piglets injected with H-LPS level significantly decreased the average daily gain (ADG), and significantly increased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the piglets injected with Z(LPS) level, while piglets fed H-EGF level significantly increased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared with the piglets fed Z(EGF) level (p < 0.05). Piglets injected with H-LPS level significantly decreased the apparent digestibility of crude fat compared with the piglets injected with Z(LPS) level (p < 0.05). Piglets injected with H-LPS level significantly increased the concentration of most microelements in the gastrointestinal tract chyme and feces, and significantly decreased the expression levels of most microelement transport-relative genes in the mucosa of gastrointestinal tissues compared with the piglets injected with Z(LPS) level (p < 0.05). Piglets fed H-EGF level significantly decreased the concentration of microelement in the gastrointestinal tract chyme and feces, and significantly increased the expression levels of the microelement transport-relative genes in the mucosa of gastrointestinal tissues compared with the piglets fed Z(EGF) level (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary EGF could attenuate the negative effect of LPS exposure on the apparent digestibility of crude fat and microelement absorption of early-weaning piglets. EGF and LPS influenced the absorption of essential trace element through changing the expression levels of microelement transport-relative genes in the mucosa of gastrointestinal tissues. In the early weaning piglets, EGF can be used as an additive to increase the essential trace elements absorption.
摘要：
Simple Summary Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, is an important freshwater cultured teleost in China, and its annual production has reached 5,533,083 tons. However, its aquaculture is severely restricted by hemorrhagic disease caused by the grass carp reovirus (GCRV). For the better control of grass carp hemorrhagic disease, the breeding of resistant grass carp strains based on antiviral immune molecule markers is a potential solution. However, the molecular basis of grass carp's resistance to GCRV infection remains largely unknown, greatly limiting the breeding of grass carp resistant to hemorrhagic disease. Given the importance of tripartite motif proteins (TRIMs) in animal antiviral immunity, we used the Hidden Markov Model Biological Sequence Analysis software (HMMER) and SMART to identify TRIMs in the grass carp genome and analyze their gene loci, as well as structural and evolutionary features. We also tried to uncover antiviral TRIMs and their mediated immune processes based on two sets of transcriptomes during GCRV infection in grass carp. This study provides information for the understanding of TRIMs and antiviral immunity in grass carp. Tripartite motif proteins (TRIMs), especially B30.2 domain-containing TRIMs (TRIMs-B30.2), are increasingly well known for their antiviral immune functions in mammals, while antiviral TRIMs are far from being identified in teleosts. In the present study, we identified a total of 42 CiTRIMs from the genome of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, an important cultured teleost in China, based on hmmsearch and SMART analysis. Among these CiTRIMs, the gene loci of 37 CiTRIMs were located on different chromosomes and shared gene collinearities with homologous counterparts from human and zebrafish genomes. They possessed intact conserved RBCC or RB domain assemblies at their N-termini and eight different domains, including the B30.2 domain, at their C-termini. A total of 19 TRIMs-B30.2 were identified, and most of them were clustered into a large branch of CiTRIMs in the dendrogram. Tissue expression analysis showed that 42 CiTRIMs were universally expressed in various grass carp tissues. A total of 11 significantly differentially expressed CiTRIMs were found in two sets of grass carp transcriptomes during grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection. Three of them, including Cibtr40, CiTRIM103 and CiTRIM109, which all belonged to TRIMs-B30.2, were associated with the type I interferon response during GCRV infection by weighted network co-expression and gene expression trend analyses, suggesting their involvement in antiviral immunity. These findings may offer useful information for understanding the structure, evolution, and function of TRIMs in teleosts and provide potential antiviral immune molecule markers for grass carp.
关键词：
Deep fertilization;Nitrogen;Phosphorus;Losses
摘要：
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses from agroecosystems are dominant nonpoint pollution. To minimize the losses of N and P, the optimal depth of fertilization was explored using a soil column study with the red paddy soil as the research objects. The losses of N and P were measured under five depths of fertilization (0, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 cm) as well as no fertilization. The results showed that ammonia volatilization was significantly decreased with increasing fertilization depth within 0-10 cm, and there was no significant difference among the 10 cm, 12.5 cm, and no-fertilization treatments. Comparing with surface fertilization (0 cm), N and P losses by runoff could be reduced by 30.7-67.1% and 96.9-98.7% respectively by fertilization at 5-12.5 cm. In addition, deep fertilization (5-12.5 cm) did not increase N and P losses by leaching at the depth of 40 cm. Total N and P contents in the tillage layer of soil were increased by 5.1 to 22.8% and by -1.0 to 7.5%, respectively. Fertilization at 10cm depth has the potential to minimal environmental impact in the red paddy soil of south China, at this depth, NH3 volatilization was reduced by 95.1%, and N and P losses by runoff were reduced by 62.0% and 98.4%, respectively, compared with surface fertilization.
摘要：
The heavy metal pollution is a worldwide problem and has received a serious concern for the ecosystem and human health. In the last decade, remediation of the agricultural polluted soil has attracted great attention. Phytoremediation is one of the technologies that effectively alleviate heavy metal toxicity, however, this technique is limited to many factors contributing to low plant growth rate and nature of metal toxicities. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) assisted alleviation of heavy metal phytotoxicity is a cost-effective and environment-friendly strategy. AMF have a symbiotic relationship with the host plant. The bidirectional exchange of resources is a hallmark and also a functional necessity in mycorrhizal symbiosis. During the last few years, a significant progress in both physiological and molecular mechanisms regarding roles of AMF in the alleviation of heavy metals (HMs) toxicities in plants, acquisition of nutrients, and improving plant performance under toxic conditions of HMs has been well studied. This review summarized the current knowledge regarding AMF assisted remediation of heavy metals and some of the strategies used by mycorrhizal fungi to cope with stressful environments. Moreover, this review provides the information of both molecular and physiological responses of mycorrhizal plants as well as AMF to heavy metal stress which could be helpful for exploring new insight into the mechanisms of HMs remediation by utilizing AMF.
摘要：
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are often considered bioameliorators. AMF can promote plant growth under various stressful conditions; however, differences between male and female clones in mycorrhizal strategies that protect plants from the detrimental effects of salinity are not well studied. In this study, we aimed to examine the interactive effects of salinity and AMF on the growth, photosynthetic traits, nutrient uptake, and biochemical responses of Morus alba males and females. In a factorial setup, male and female M. alba clones were subjected to three salinity regimes (0, 50, and 200 mM NaCl) and planted in soil with or without Funneliformis mosseae inoculation. The results showed that NaCl alone conferred negative effects on the growth, salinity tolerance, photosynthetic performance, and shoot and root ionic ratios (K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+, and Mg2+/Na+) in both sexes; in contrast, mycorrhizal inoculation mitigated the detrimental effects of salinity. Furthermore, the mycorrhizal effects were closely correlated with Mn2+, proline, and N concentrations. Females benefited more from AMF inoculation as shown by the enhancements in their biomass accumulation, and N, proline, K+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ concentrations than males with mycorrhizal inoculation under saline conditions. In comparison, male plants inoculated with AMF showed improvements in biomass allocated to the roots, P, and peroxidase concentrations under saline conditions. These sex-specific differences suggest that male and female mulberry clones adopted different mycorrhizal strategies when growing under saline conditions. Overall, our results provide insight into the sex-specific difference in the performance of AMF-associated mulberry clones, suggesting that female mulberry could be more suitable for vegetation remediation than the male one, due to its higher salinity tolerance.
通讯机构：
[Mingli Yan] C;[Zhixiang Liu] A;Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation on Forest Resource Biotechnology, Changsha 410004, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
Brassica juncea has great application potential in phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil because of its excellent Cd accumulating and high biomass. In this study, we compared the effects of Cd under 48 h and 7 d stress in roots of Brassica juncea using metabolite profiling. The results showed that many metabolic pathways and metabolites in Brassica juncea roots were altered significantly in response to Cd stress. We found that significant differences in levels of amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and indoles were induced by Cd stress at different times, which played a pivotal role in the adaptation of Brassica juncea roots to Cd stress. Meanwhile, Brassica juncea roots could resist 48 h Cd stress by regulating the biosynthesis of amino acids, linoleic acid metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, ABC transporters, arginine biosynthesis, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism; however, they regulated alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, ABC transporters, and linoleic acid metabolism to resist 7 d Cd stress. A metabolomic expedition to the response of Brassica juncea to Cd stress will help to comprehend its tolerance and accumulation mechanisms of Cd.
摘要：
Miscanthus lutarioriparius (M. lutarioriparius) in Lake Dongting District are in the situation of being discarded due to the government's environmental policy, the decomposition of which will bring another pollution risk. The purpose of this study is to environmentally analyze the production of M. lutarioriparius-based oriented strand particleboards (M.OSB) as alternatives to the conventional artificial boards. The production systems were evaluated from a cradle-to-gate perspective using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. Our results showed that the M.OSB had an overall better profile than wood panels, identifying the production of starch adhesives and bio-fuels as the main environmental hotspots. It was also found that annual harvesting and utilization of M. lutarioriparius could ease the burden to the environment during the decomposition of this plant, and further improve the environmental performance of M.OSB. Sensitivity analyses were conducted on the key parameters, suggesting that there are opportunities for improvement. This study provides useful information for enterprises and policymakers on where to focus their activities, with the aim of making the future of M. lutarioriparius utilization more technically and environmentally favourable.
期刊：
Mitochondrial DNA Part B-Resources,2021年6(3):1162-1163 ISSN：2380-2359
通讯作者：
Zhi-Lin Jiang<&wdkj&>Cheng-Gui Zhang
作者机构：
[Zhang, Cheng-Gui; Liao, Chuan-Jiang] Dali Univ, Natl Local Joint Engn Res Ctr Entomoceut, Inst Entomoceut Res, Dali, Peoples R China.;[Qun, Liu] Yunnan Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Yu-Sheng] Hunan Agr Univ, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Zhi-Lin] Puer Univ, Inst Agr & Garden Technol, Puer, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Zhi-Lin] Fudan Univ, Inst Comparat Study Tradit Mat Med, Inst Integrat Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhi-Lin Jiang; Cheng-Gui Zhang] I;Institute of Agricultural and Garden Technology, Puer University, Puer, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Comparative Study of Traditional Materia Medica, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Entomoceutics Research, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, China
关键词：
Sinolimprichtia alpina var. dissecta;alpine plants endemism chloroplast genome sequence
摘要：
Sinolimprichtia alpina var. dissecta is a plant variety which is characterized from S. alpina var. alpina in possessing characteristic, highly dissected bracteoles. In the current study, we have sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of S. alpina var. dissecta using the Illumina sequencing platform. The chloroplast genome is 156,719 bp in length, consisting of a LSC region of 95,625 bp, a SSC region of 10,500 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IR) regions of 25,297 bp. The GC content was 37.7%. A total of 126 unique genes were identified, including 81 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 28 chloroplast genomes indicates that S. alpina var. dissecta is most closely related to Pterygopleurum neurophyllum.
摘要：
Aromatase, encoded by Cyp19a1, is essential in estrogen biosynthesis and crucial in sex differentiation and ovary development. Although aromatase regulates the proliferation, development, maturation and functional maintenance of male germ cells during mammalian spermatogenesis, its role in nonmammalian vertebrates is unclear. In the current study, a polyclonal antibody was prepared and the function of aromatase in testes was determined by administering letrozole. With ELISA detection, the titer of the antibody prepared in this study was more than 1:30000. Western blot analysis showed that the antibody could bind with cyp19a1 specifically. Aromatase was detected in Leydig cells and spermatogonia by immunohistochemistry. Thirty turtles were randomly assigned into three groups and received either letrozole treatment at 0 mg/kg (in control) body weight (BW), 5 mg/kg BW, or 10 mg/kg BW each day for 8 weeks. Histological analysis demonstrated that sperm count decreased in testis after letrozole treatment, and increasing levels of apoptosis were revealed by TUNEL staining. Quantitative real time PCR showed that Esr1, Esr2, and Gper exhibited different expression patterns after letrozole treatment. Dvl2, Cdc20, Dmc1, Sycp3, and Casp3 expression was significantly upregulated with the 10 mg/kg treatment (P < 0.05). Efnb1, Spata6, and Stra8 expression was significantly downregulated with the 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg treatments. These findings demonstrate that aromatase might play a functional role in spermatogenesis in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis.
通讯机构：
[Jianguo Zeng; Pi Cheng] H;Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
摘要：
Riboflavin (RF) and relative derivatives are important coenzyme of some redox enzymes controlling the growing development of plants by harvesting light. The unique isoalloxazine structure unit with special photoredox capacity makes it applicable to induce single electron transfer (SET) oxidation of organic molecules. We report here that riboflavin tetra-acetate (RFTA) catalyzed the oxidation of N-phenyl tetrahydroisoquinoline to alpha-amino C-radical which subsequently undergoes radical type Michael addition to C=C double bond of allylsulfone to access 1-allylated N-phenyl tetrahydroisoquinoline. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
期刊：
Journal of Cleaner Production,2021年289:125142 ISSN：0959-6526
通讯作者：
Tsang, Daniel C. W.
作者机构：
[Sun, Yuqing; Hanif, Aamir; Peng, Yutao; Tsang, Daniel C. W.] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Yutao; Chen, Qing] China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Hanif, Aamir; Shang, Jin] City Univ Hong Kong, Shenzhen Res Inst, 8 Yuexing 1st Rd,Shenzhen Hitech Ind Pk, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;[Shang, Jin] City Univ Hong Kong, Kowloon, Sch Energy & Environm, Tat Chee Ave, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Hou, Deyi; Shen, Zhengtao] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tsang, Daniel C. W.] H;Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Tailored design and fabrication of biochar-based adsorbents with high porosity and well dispersion is a critical process for enhancing their environmental applications. To elucidate the material structure-performance relationship, this study synthesized and compared corn straw biochar-supported Mg/Al layered double hydroxides composites (LDHs-BCs) using conventional co-precipitation or aqueous miscible organic solvent treatment (AMOST) methods under various pyrolysis temperatures (350, 550, 750, and 950 degrees C) and metal loadings (5 and 15 wt%). The comprehensive surface characterization demonstrated enlarged interlayer spacing, increased specific surface area, and smaller crystal size of LDHs as well as lowered intensities of O-containing functional groups in LDHs-BCs. These results suggested that, in comparison to conventional co-precipitation method, AMOST method can serve as a simple, cost-effective, and robust method to induce exfoliation, higher dispersion, and more stable attachment of LDHs on the biochar surface. The Langmuir adsorption isotherms further demonstrated that the AMOST-derived composites prepared at higher temperatures (i.e., 750 and 950 degrees C) and lower metal loading (i.e., 5 wt%) exhibited superior contaminant removal capacities (280.7-286.2 mg PO43-/g and 92.5-94.7 mg Cu(II)/g at pH 5.0-6.0). The synergistic effect was attributed to coupled functionalization of LDHs and biochar under customized synthesis conditions. These results provide valuable insights into fabricating high-performance and environmentally friendly LDHs-BCs for green remediation and sustainable development. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Li, Chen; Yuan, Anwen; Zheng, Qiyi; Wen, Yuting; Gu, Ting; Yang, Qing; Yuan, Wei; Chen, Zhilong] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Xiong, Xingyao] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Shenzhen Agr Genome Res Inst, Shenzhen 518120, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Qing Yang; Anwen Yuan; Xingyao Xiong] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Shenzhen Agricultural Genome Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
摘要：
alpha-Solanine, a bioactive compound mainly found in potato, exhibits anti-cancer activity towards multiple cancer cells. However, its effects on human choriocarcinoma have not been evaluated. In the present study, we investigated the effect of alpha-solanine on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human choriocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that alpha-solanine, at concentrations of 30 mu M or below, did not affect the cell viability of the choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3. However, colony formation was significantly decreased and cell apoptosis was increased in response to 30 mu M alpha-solanine. In addition, alpha-solanine (30 mu M) reduced the migration and invasion abilities of JEG-3 cells, which was associated with a downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2/9. The in vivo findings provided further evidence of the inhibition of alpha-solanine on choriocarcinoma tumor growth. alpha-Solanine suppressed the xenograft tumor growth of JEG-3 cells, resulting in smaller tumor volumes and lower tumor weights. Apoptosis was promoted in xenograft tumors of alpha-solanine-treated mice. Moreover, alpha-solanine downregulated proliferative cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Bcl-2 levels and promoted the expression of Bax. Collectively, alpha-solanine inhibits the growth, migration, and invasion of human JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells, which may be associated with the induction of apoptosis.
摘要：
Plant height is an important plant characteristic closely related to yield performance of many crops. Reasonable reduction of plant height of crops is beneficial for improving yield and enhancing lodging resistance. In the present study, we described the Brassica napus dwarf mutant bnd2 that was isolated using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. Compared to wild type (WT), bnd2 exhibited reduced height and shorter hypocotyl and petiole leaves. By crossing the bnd2 mutant with the WT strain, we found that the ratio of the mutant to the WT in the F2 population was close to 1:3, indicating that bnd2 is a recessive mutation of a single locus. Following bulked segregant analysis (BSA) by resequencing, BND2 was found to be located in the 13.77–18.08 Mb interval of chromosome A08, with a length of 4.31 Mb. After fine mapping with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and insertion/deletion (InDel) markers, the gene was narrowed to a 140-Kb interval ranging from 15.62 Mb to 15.76 Mb. According to reference genome annotation, there were 27 genes in the interval, of which BnaA08g20960D had an SNP type variation in the intron between the mutant and its parent, which may be the candidate gene corresponding to BND2. The hybrid line derived from a cross between the mutant bnd2 and the commercial cultivar L329 had similar plant height but higher grain yield compared to the commercial cultivar, suggesting that the allele bnd2 is beneficial for hybrid breeding of lodging resistant and high yield rapeseed. In this study, we identified a novel dwarf mutant of rapeseed with a new locus, which may be useful for functional analyses of genetic mechanisms of plant architecture and grain yield in rapeseed.
