通讯机构：
[Rejun Fang] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
early weaning piglets;different levels of LPS and EGF;growth performance;nutrition digestibility;microelement absorption;microelement transport-relative gene
摘要：
Simple Summary This study aims to investigate how epidermal growth factor (EGF) attenuates the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, microelement absorption of early-weaned pigs. A total of 48 early weaned piglets were randomly distributed to four groups consisting of a 2 x 2 factorial design. The main factors were the level of LPS (H-LPS = high LPS: 100 mu g/kg body weight; Z(LPS) = low LPS: 0 mu g/kg body weight) and EGF (H-EGF = high EGF: 2 mg/kg diet; Z(EGF) = low EGF: 0 mg/kg diet). Each group had four replicates and each replicate consisted of three piglets. The results showed that H-LPS level decreased the growth performance and the apparent digestibility of crude fat, while H-EGF level increased the average daily feed intake. The concentration of most microelements in the gastrointestinal tract chyme and feces were increased by H-LPS level and decreased by H-EGF level. The expression levels of most microelement transport-relative genes in the mucosa of gastrointestinal tissues were decreased by H-LPS level and increased by H-EGF level. In conclusion, dietary EGF could attenuate the negative effect of LPS exposure on the apparent digestibility of crude fat and microelement absorption through changing the expression levels of microelement transport-relative genes. EGF can be used as an additive to increase the essential trace elements absorption in the early weaning piglets. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in nutrients absorption. However, whether it can be an effective additive to improve the growth performance and nutrients absorption in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged early weaning piglets is still unknown. A 14-days trial was conducted to investigate how EGF attenuates the effect of LPS on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, microelement absorption of early-weaned pigs, and study the underlying mechanism. A total of 48 early weaned piglets, aged 25 days, were randomly distributed to four groups (control, EGF, LPS and EGF + LPS groups) consisting of a 2 x 2 factorial design. The main factors were the level of LPS (H-LPS = high LPS: 100 mu g/kg body weight; Z(LPS) = low LPS: 0 mu g/kg body weight) and EGF (H-EGF = high EGF: 2 mg/kg diet; Z(EGF) = low EGF: 0 mg/kg diet). Each group had four replicates and each replicate consisted of three piglets. The results showed that piglets injected with H-LPS level significantly decreased the average daily gain (ADG), and significantly increased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the piglets injected with Z(LPS) level, while piglets fed H-EGF level significantly increased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared with the piglets fed Z(EGF) level (p < 0.05). Piglets injected with H-LPS level significantly decreased the apparent digestibility of crude fat compared with the piglets injected with Z(LPS) level (p < 0.05). Piglets injected with H-LPS level significantly increased the concentration of most microelements in the gastrointestinal tract chyme and feces, and significantly decreased the expression levels of most microelement transport-relative genes in the mucosa of gastrointestinal tissues compared with the piglets injected with Z(LPS) level (p < 0.05). Piglets fed H-EGF level significantly decreased the concentration of microelement in the gastrointestinal tract chyme and feces, and significantly increased the expression levels of the microelement transport-relative genes in the mucosa of gastrointestinal tissues compared with the piglets fed Z(EGF) level (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary EGF could attenuate the negative effect of LPS exposure on the apparent digestibility of crude fat and microelement absorption of early-weaning piglets. EGF and LPS influenced the absorption of essential trace element through changing the expression levels of microelement transport-relative genes in the mucosa of gastrointestinal tissues. In the early weaning piglets, EGF can be used as an additive to increase the essential trace elements absorption.
通讯机构：
[Jing Wang; Lili Liu; Yuping Wu] S;State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
摘要：
As an important chemical product and carbon-free energy carrier, ammonia has a wide range of daily applications in several related fields. Although the industrial synthesis method using the Haber-Bosch process could meet production demands, its huge energy consumption and gas emission limit its long-time development. Therefore, the clean and sustainable electrocatalytic N-2 reduction reaction (NRR) operating under conditions have attracted great attention in recent years. However, the chemical inertness of N-2 molecules makes it difficult for this reaction to proceed. Therefore, rationally designed catalysts need to be introduced to activate N-2 molecules. Here, we summarize the recent progress in low-dimensional nanocatalyst development, including the relationship between the structure and NRR performance from both the theoretical and experimental perspectives. Some insights into the development of NRR electrocatalysts from electronic control aspects are provided. In addition, the theoretical mechanisms, reaction pathways and credibility studies of the NRR are discussed. Some challenges and future prospects of the NRR are also pointed out.
通讯机构：
[Chengguo Liu; Hui Zhou] C;College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Fermented Food, Changsha, Hunan, China
作者机构：
[Hu, Yi; Tang, Tao; Zhong, Lei] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Utilizat Characterist Aquat Re, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Yu, Daode] Shandong Key Lab Dis Control Mariculture, Qingdao 266104, Peoples R China.;[Li, Peng] North Amer Renderers Assoc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA.
通讯机构：
[Hu, Yi] H;[Li, Peng] N;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Utilizat Characterist Aquat Re, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;North Amer Renderers Assoc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA.
关键词：
Dried porcine solubles;Growth performance;Inflammatory response;Intestine structure;Rice field eel
摘要：
Porcine solubles, originating from porcine mucosal tissues, is a by-product of heparin production. The nutritional value and functionality of a carrier-free, spray-dried porcine soluble (DPS) product was evaluated in 56-day experiment with juvenile rice field eel Monopterus albus (initial weight: 15.5 +/- 0.19 g) fed diets with optimal (42%) and a low level (22%) of fishmeal (FM) inclusion. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated with two levels of FM (22% and 42%) and three levels of DPS (0%, 2.5% and 5%). Growth performance, humoral immunity, digestive enzyme activities, intestinal histology and expression of intestinal tight junction protein-related mRNA were analyzed at the end of the trial. Similar to FM, inclusion of 5% DPS significantly enhanced growth rate and reduced feed conversion ratio of rice field eel, although no significant interaction between FM and DPS on growth performance were observed. Positive influences of DPS on fish health and immunity were seen in that inclusion of DPS significantly enhanced serum complement (C3, C4), immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels and lysozyme activities, and altered total cholesterol and triglyeride contents in the serum of rice field eel. In regard to gut health, villus height, goblet cell quantity and expression of ZO-1 transcripts significantly (P < 0.05) increased with DPS inclusion in fish fed low-FM diets but was not observed in fish fed diets containing the optimal level of fishmeal. Expression of ZO-2 and CL-12 transcripts in intestine also was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated by DPS inclusion in fish fed diets containing low or optimal FM. Moreover, FM and DPS showed significant (P < 0.05) interactions in the expression of inflammatory cytokines mRNA in the intestine of rice field eel with 5% DPS inclusion significantly (P < 0.05) promoting the expression of Tgfb2 and I kappa Be mRNA, while repressing IL-1 beta, IL-8, IL-12 and IFN gamma expression in fish fed diets containing low FM. This study is the first to show functionality of DPS supplementation at 5% of diet in any aquatic species. Based on these results, DPS supplementation should be considered as an effective, innovative and sustainable strategy to improve health, as well as reduce intestinal inflammation and maintain normal intestine structure of rice field eel fed low-FM diets.
摘要：
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in soil have caused widespread concern, which is necessary to develop efficient and green technologies. Electrokinetic (EK) remediation technology, their enhancement techniques and composite techniques with other processes have shown broad application prospects in the field of soil POPs remediation. In this paper, the progress of EK remediation technology in the remediation of POPs in soil in recent years is reviewed. It can be seen that some technologies need to be further studied and evaluated, and it is inappropriate to simply compare them. The effect offield remediation is bound to be affected by field conditions, and the final data will be different from the laboratory data. Some emerging technologies, such as advanced oxidation technology and nanotechnology, demonstrated high POPs removal rates when coupled with EK remediation technology. This paper provides some insights into the future development of the technology and provides reference for the selection of technology in practical application. ? 2021 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
期刊：
Journal of Affective Disorders,2021年295:1040-1048 ISSN：0165-0327
通讯作者：
Dai, Zhijun;Wang, Lifeng;Li, Guochen
作者机构：
[Dai, Zhijun; Ba, Qingfang; Li, Guochen; Zhou, Heng; Dai, ZJ; Wang, Lifeng] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Engn & Technol Res Ctr Agr Big Data Anal &, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Yang; Dai, Zhijun; Li, Guochen; Wang, Lifeng] Shandong Xuxing Network Technol Co Ltd, Linyi 276022, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Lifeng] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Hunan Agr Biotechnol Res Inst, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Dai, ZJ; Wang, LF; Li, GC] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Engn & Technol Res Ctr Agr Big Data Anal &, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Depression prediction;Feature selection;Context-aware analysis;Maximal information coefficient;Support vector machine
摘要：
Background: Developing machine learning based depression prediction method with information from long-term recordings is important and challenging to clinical diagnosis of depression.
Methods: We developed a novel two-stage feature selection algorithm conducted on the high-dimensional (over thirty thousand) features constructed by a context-aware analysis on the data set of DAIC-WOZ, including audio, video, and semantic features. The prediction performance was compared with seven reference models. The preferred topics and feature categories related to the retained features were also analyzed respectively.
Results: Parsimonious subsets (tens of features) were selected by the proposed method in each case of prediction. We obtained the best performance in depression classification with F1-score as 0.96 (0.67), Precision as 1.00 (0.63), and Recall as 0.92 (0.71) on the development set (test set). We also achieved promising results in depression severity estimation with RMSE as 4.43 (5.11) and MAE as 3.22 (3.98), having a marginal difference with the best reference model (random forest with ‘Selected-Text’ features). Five most important topics related to depression were revealed. The audio features were predominant to the other feature categories in depression classification while the contributions of the three feature categories to severity estimation were almost equal.
Limitations: More depression samples in the database we used should be further included. The second stage of feature selection is relatively time-consuming.
Conclusion: This pipeline of depression recognition as well as the preferred topics and feature categories are expected to be useful in supporting the diagnosis of psychological distress conditions.
摘要：
Alcaligenes faecalis strain WT14 is heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification bacterium, newly isolated from a constructed wetland, and its feasibility in nitrogen removal was investigated. The result showed sodium citrate was more readily utilized by WT14 as a carbon source. The response surface methodology model revealed the highest total nitrogen removal by WT14 occurred at 20.3°C, 113.5 r·min(-1), C/N 10.8, and pH 8.4. Under adapted environmental conditions, up to 55.9mg·L(-1)·h(-1) of ammonium nitrogen (NH(4)(+)-N) was removed by WT14, and its NH(4)(+)-N tolerance ability reached 2000mg·L(-1). In addition to the reported high NH(4)(+)-resistance of Alcaligenes faecalis, WT14 multiplied fast and had strong nitrate or nitrite removal capacity when high strength nitrate or nitrite was provided as the single nitrogen source; which differed from other Alcaligenes faecalis species. These results show WT14 is a novel strain of Alcaligenes faecalis and its nitrogen removal pathway will be carried out in the further study.
期刊：
Frontiers in Veterinary Science,2021年8:695466 ISSN：2297-1769
通讯作者：
Wang, Naidong
作者机构：
[Wang, Naidong; Wang, Dongliang; Mai, Jinhui; Lei, Bo; Zhang, Yingjie; Yang, Yi] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Prot Engn Anim Vaccines, Lab Funct Prote, Res Ctr Reverse Vaccinol,Coll Vet Med, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Naidong] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Prot Engn Anim Vaccines, Lab Funct Prote, Res Ctr Reverse Vaccinol,Coll Vet Med, Changsha, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Cap;PCV4;serological diagnosis;vaccine;VLPs
摘要：
Porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4), a recently reported circovirus, was first identified in pigs with clinical signs similar to porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), in Hunan province, China, in 2019. More knowledge regarding the assembly of capsid protein (Cap) into virus-like particles (VLPs), their structure and antigenic properties, are needed to provide new knowledge for diagnosis and further characterization of PCV4. In this study, high-level expression of PCV4 Cap was achieved in Escherichia coli with purified Cap self-assembling into VLPs (~20 nm) in vitro. Furthermore, these VLPs were internalized in vitro by PK15 and 3D4/21 cell lines. Significant structural differences between PCV4 and PCV2 capsids were demonstrated among loops (loop BC, CD, DE, EF, and GH), based on comparisons of 3D structures. In addition, five potential B cell epitopes identified in silico were mostly located in surface-exposed loops of PCV4 capsid. Cross-reaction between PCV4 and PCV2 or PCV3 conferred by humoral immune responses was deemed unlikely on the basis of ELISA and Western blotting for assessment of VLPs and using PCV4 or PCV2 VLPs. In conclusion, these studies provided new knowledge regarding PCV4 capsid surface patterns. It is noteworthy that the PCV4 VLPs prepared in our study have much potential for development of serological diagnostics for PCV4 and to further characterize this virus.
作者机构：
[Desmet, Marc; Grosbois, Cecile; Gassama, Nathalie] Univ Tours, Fac Sci, GeoHydorsyst Continentaux EA 6392, F-37200 Tours, France.;[Zhang, Mengxue] Cent South Univ, Sch Met & Environm, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Qinghui] ASEM Water Resources Res & Dev Ctr, Changsha 410028, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Jiachao; Luo, Lin] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Fengfeng; Battaglia, Fabienne] Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, Water Environm Proc Dev & Anal Div, F-45060 Orleans 02, France.
通讯机构：
[Grosbois, Cecile] U;Univ Tours, Fac Sci, GeoHydorsyst Continentaux EA 6392, F-37200 Tours, France.
关键词：
leaching experiment;mobility;surface sediment;trace elements;Xiangjiang river
摘要：
Spatio-temporal distribution and leachability of some trace elements (TE) were investigated in sediments of the Xiangjiang River, tributary of the Yangtze River. Based on data collected during 2015-2017, a literature review and geoaccumulation indexes, the pollution level was the highest for Cd, Sb and Hg (I-geo > 3). Over the period reviewed, the TE contamination level displayed almost no temporal variation but an obvious spatial distribution. The most upstream contamination hotspot (Cd > Cr > As, Cu, Pb, Zn > Hg, Sb) was the Songbai section. This hotspot did not spread further downstream. The second hotspot identified was the Zhuzhou-Xiangtan section, impacted by Cd > Hg, Pb, Zn > Cu, with the Zhuzhou area being particularly highly impacted by Pb and Zn. A 30-day leaching experimental protocol under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was carried out to access TE mobility. Low percentages of TE released were calculated, showing that the TE fate mostly depends on the stability of bearing phases under specific physicochemical and microbial conditions. In this case, the studied sediments can be an important sink for these TE. However, some environmental issues have to be considered as some leachate concentrations of contaminants (As, Cr, Cu and U) released into water exceed freshwater aquatic life criteria.
通讯机构：
[Chaoxi Zeng] D;Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development Engineering Technology Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Lianyang Bai] P;[Lifeng Wang] A;Professor, Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, and Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Associate Researcher, Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, and Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
关键词：
Growth inhibition;metabolomic;rice;transcriptomic;weed control
摘要：
Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] is a problematic weed in rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields. Overapplication of herbicides causes environmental pollution and the emergence of resistant weeds, and integrated weed management methods can reduce dependence on herbicides. The growth of E. crus-galli and rice seedlings was shown to be significantly inhibited by high concentrations of fulvic acid (FA, C14H12O8) under flooding conditions (HF, 0.80 g L-1) (P < 0.05). In contrast, seedling growth was promoted by the application of very low concentrations of FA (LF, 0.02 g L-1). The activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and antioxidant enzymes, including total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), in E. crus-galli seedlings were enhanced by the LF treatment; while POD activity decreased and GST, T-SOD, and CAT activity was not significantly altered by the HF treatment. The metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that FA regulated E. crus-galli seedling growth by affecting the synthesis of indole derivatives and flavonoid compounds. Compared with the blank control (CK, 0 g L-1), the levels of four indole derivatives were upregulated under the HF treatment, and the indole derivatives were slightly downregulated under the LF treatment. The flavonoids, including naringenin, naringenin chalcone, eriodictyol, kaempferol, and epigallocatechin, were downregulated under HF treatment, and the growth of E. crus-galli was reduced. In contrast, the metabolism and transcription of flavonoids were not significantly altered by the LF treatment. The addition of 0.80 g L-1 FA obviously inhibited the growth of newly sprouted E. crus-galli, whereas rice growth was significantly promoted 8 d after rice planting (P < 0.05). The application of FA, therefore, might be a potential integrated weed management method to control the damage caused by E. crus-galli in paddy fields.
通讯机构：
[Gang Wu; Juan Huang] C;College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
The catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) is one of the best methods used to control the particulate matter from internal combustion engine. CeO2 is used as the catalyst in the CDPF due to its good redox capacity, oxygen storage capacity and anti-oxidation capacity to NOx. However, there are few studies on the effect of key factors on composite regeneration performance of CeO2-based CDPF. Therefore, a single-channel numerical model was established in this study by coupling fluid flow, mass transfer, heat transfer and chemical mechanism. In order to save computing time and computing resources, a sample space of the simulated data from the model was established by optimal space-filling method to build a surrogate model by response surface methodology. A multi-objective optimization on the composite regeneration performance of CDPF was carried out, in which the inlet NOx concentration, inlet temperature, catalyst coated amount and the N2O concentration, soot regeneration rate, pressure drop, NOx reduction rate, and peak temperature for coated catalyst are set as the design and optimization variables, respectively. Results show that the optimum inlet NOx concentration, inlet temperature and catalyst coated amounts are 0.106 mol/m(3), 761.798 K and 0.428 mm, respectively. The findings of this study give useful insights into the operation of CDPF and the thermal management of after-treatment systems.
期刊：
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2021年22(23)
通讯作者：
Li, Yu-Fan;Jia, Gui-Xia
作者机构：
[Yang, Lin-Hao; Chen, Ji-Ren; Yang, Zheng-Min; Wu, Xiao-Mei; Chen, Hai-Xia; Li, Yu-Fan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Hunan Midsubtrop Qual Plant Breeding & Utilizat E, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zheng, Si-Xiang] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Environm & Agro Ecol, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Zheng, Si-Xiang] Hunan Agr Univ, Natl & Local Union Engn Res Ctr Vet Herbal Med Re, Coll Vet Med, Hunan Key Lab Tradit Chinese Vet Med, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Jia, Gui-Xia] Beijing Forestry Univ, Natl Engn Res Ctr Floriculture, Beijing Key Lab Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innov, Beijing Lab Urban & Rural Ecol Environm, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.;[Jia, Gui-Xia] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Landscape Architecture, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, Yu-Fan] H;[Jia, Gui-Xia] B;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Hunan Midsubtrop Qual Plant Breeding & Utilizat E, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Beijing Forestry Univ, Natl Engn Res Ctr Floriculture, Beijing Key Lab Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innov, Beijing Lab Urban & Rural Ecol Environm, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.;Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Landscape Architecture, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
关键词：
cryptochrome;Lilium x formolongi;photoperiodic flowering
摘要：
The photoperiodic flowering pathway is essential for plant reproduction. As blue and ultraviolet-A light receptors, cryptochromes play an important role in the photoperiodic regulation of flowering. Lilium x formolongi is an important cut flower that flowers within a year after seed propagation. Floral induction is highly sensitive to photoperiod. In this study, we isolated the CRYPTOCHROME2 gene (LfCRY2) from L. x formolongi. The predicted LfCRY2 protein was highly homologous to other CRY2 proteins. The transcription of LfCRY2 was induced by blue light. LfCRY2 exhibits its highest diurnal expression during the floral induction stage under both long-day and short-day photoperiods. Overexpression of LfCRY2 in Arabidopsis thaliana promoted flowering under long days but not short days, and inhibited hypocotyl elongation under blue light. Furthermore, LfCRY2 was located in the nucleus and could interact with L. x formolongi CONSTANS-like 9 (LfCOL9) and A. thaliana CRY-interacting basic-helix-loop-helix 1 (AtCIB1) in both yeast and onion cells, which supports the hypothesis that LfCRY2 hastens the floral transition via the CIB1-CO pathway in a manner similar to AtCRY2. These results provide evidence that LfCRY2 plays a vital role in promoting flowering under long days in L. x formolongi.
摘要：
The used to assess the impact of environmental change in the rural environment; it is keen on a couple of existing biotechnology and financial model. Reasonable criticism of the quality of speech between ordering and implicit environmental and financial cycles. The natural model measures the monetary model and option information used to connect this land. The two gradually developed a level of intelligent coupling of agriculture, natural climate, and the rural economy, increasing the coordination between the coupling sub-frames. In general, the natural agriculture climate also prevents damage to the agricultural economy of the planned progress from essential coordination coupled to a sustained coordination and dominance level. An agricultural economy is based on agriculture and bio-climatic corruption for the rapid development cost. They also are paid to promoting more financial and environmental benefits. The level of coordination in advance, gardening contributes two sub frames together. These findings are critical connecting lines to improve the viable agricultural economy to improve in the semi-arid region. Rural business analysts to application problems tend to zero is to improve and expand academic discussion lawyers and financial practices given by experts.
摘要：
Conventional production of hybrid rice seeds is based on sowing and transplanting parental lines separately ('separate seeding and transplanting', SST). To decrease the labour inputs of field management, a labour-saving model was implemented under a strategy of directly seeding the two parents as a mixture ('mixed direct seeding', MDS) to produce hybrid seeds. The strategy utilized a 'yellow-hull/red-hull' pair, ensuring that the female parent could be easily separated from the male parent after mixed harvesting. To assess the effects of MDS on seed production, two pairs, P88S/G-4 and Y58S/G-15, were tested and compared with those under SST at the same female/male seed ratio of 5:1 in 2015 and 2016. The parental lines for two pairs flowered synchronously, and the male sterile lines presented a high total stigma exertion rate in SST that ranged from 75.82% to 93.27%. At maturity, the hybrid seeds generated on seed parents were harvested together with those from pollen parents, and later, the hybrids were successfully colour sorted at a correctness rate of more than 99.90% on a machine. In MDS, the heading date of tested lines was advanced by 2 similar to 6 days. The outcrossing rate was improved by 8.59% and 7.61%, and the total panicle number increased by 4.78% and 5.80%, respectively. Ultimately, the actual yield in MDS significantly exceeded that in SST by 12.56% for P88S/G-4 and 8.95% for Y58S/G-15. This model succeeded in recycling hybrid seeds via color sorting and seems promising for decreasing labour inputs in hybrid seed production. [GRAPHICS] .
摘要：
L-theanine is a nonprotein amino acid found in tea leaves and has been widely used as a safe food additive in beverages or foods because of its varied bioactivities. The aim of this study was to reveal the in vitro gastrointestinal protective effects of L-theanine in DSS-induced intestinal porcine enterocyte (IPEC-J2) cell models using molecular and metabolic methods. Results showed that 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment inhibited the cell proliferation of IPEC-J2 and blocked the normal operation of the cell cycle, while L-theanine pretreatment significantly preserved these trends to exert protective effects. L-theanine pre-treatment also up-regulated the EGF, CDC2, FGF2, Rb genes and down-regulated p53, p21 proliferation-related mRNA expression in DSS-treated cells, in accompany with p53 signaling pathway inhibition. Meanwhile, metabolomics analysis revealed that L-theanine and DSS treated IPEC-J2 cells have different metabolomic profiles, with significant changes in the key metabolites involved in pyrimidine metabolism and amino acid metabolism, which play an important role in nucleotide metabolism. In summary, L-theanine has a beneficial protection in DSS-induced IPEC-J2 cells via promoting proliferation and regulating metabolism disorders.
摘要：
Transition metal phosphides are promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts due to their earth-abundant and cost-effective features. Here, nanostructured CoP nanoparticles locked in hollow nitrogen doped carbon frameworks (CoP@HNC) were successfully designed and characterized for their morphology, composition, and electrochemistry. In a typical low-temperature phosphorization process, the Co species in carbonized poly-dopamine (PDA) coated ZIF-67 are converted to either hollow CoP or small-sized solid CoP nanoparticles governed by the nanoscale Kirkendall effect. The PDA layers derived nitrogen-doped carbon components feature a hollow polyhedral structure, with CoP nanoparticles imbedded in the shell. CoP@HNC demonstrates a low overpotential of 327 mV for 10 mA cm(-2) and a good operational stability (72 h) for alkaline OER. The HNC encapsulation affords the low electronic resistance between CoP nanoparticles, as well as the mechanical and chemical stability of composites by preventing the aggregation of CoP nanoparticles during the OER process.
作者：
Arshad, Rai Naveed;Abdul-Malek, Zulkurnain*;Roobab, Ume;Qureshi, Muhammad Imran;Khan, Nohman;...
期刊：
Journal of Food Process Engineering,2021年44(3):e13629- ISSN：0145-8876
通讯作者：
Abdul-Malek, Zulkurnain;Aadil, Rana Muhammad
作者机构：
[Ahmad, Mohammad Hafizi; Abdul-Malek, Zulkurnain; Arshad, Rai Naveed] Univ Teknol Malaysia, Inst High Voltage & High Current, Sch Elect Engn, Fac Engn, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia.;[Roobab, Ume] South China Univ Technol, Sch Food Sci & Engn, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.;[Qureshi, Muhammad Imran] Tech Univ Malaysia, Fac Technol Management & Technopreneurship, Malacca, Malaysia.;[Khan, Nohman] Univ Kuala Lumpur, UNIKL Business Sch, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.;[Liu, Zhi-Wei] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Abdul-Malek, Zulkurnain; Aadil, Rana Muhammad] U;Univ Teknol Malaysia, Inst High Voltage & High Current, Sch Elect Engn, Fac Engn, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia.;Univ Agr Faisalabad, Natl Inst Food Sci & Technol, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
摘要：
Utilize food waste and by-products generated from food processing is a developing concern to upgrade economic performance and ensure environmental sustainability. The compounds recovered from the food wastes could have the potential to be employed in different food and biotechnological applications. As a substitute to the conventional method such as Soxhlet extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, and mechanical shaking, the development of green extraction techniques (microwave, ultrasound, and pulsed electric field [PEF]) is seen as a significant step in recovering by-products from food wastes. Among these, PEF is reported as a novel technique that can decrease solvent usage, heating steps, and extraction time to recover by-products. The current review covers recent developments in PEF-based industrial food waste through a systematic literature review. Recent literature was critically evaluated to examine the possibility of this emerging technology in providing sustainable and novel uses of agro-foods waste and animal-food waste. Limited literature is available on industrial scale studies of PEF valorization of food waste and food co-products. Generally, PEF-based processing is consistently reported as a superior technology that provides high efficiency and better-quality products due to the low temperature of food compounds. This technique has several spectacular possible applications in food processing methods that provide the food industry with better efficiency and high-quality products than existing extraction methods. Practical Applications This review suggests that PEF treatment of food wastes needs urgent models for optimum processing operation at the industrial level, particularly economic viability under practical working conditions. This innovative processing is generally accepted for more selective, quicker, and sustainable bio-active compounds but still not satisfactorily verified for industrial applications. There are ethical and economic needs for the management of bio-waste, and proper legislation appears to be an essential requirement to effectively and fruitfully utilize food waste.
