摘要:
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that can be readily absorbed by plants and enriched in human body. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and grain quality are affected by excessive Cd in the soil. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of Cd absorption, accumulation and detoxification in the root apex is crucial for developing low-Cd rice cultivars. After Cd treatment, Cd concentration in rice root tips (RT) was 1.4 times higher than that in basal roots (BR). To uncover the distinct molecular responses to Cd toxicity, we conducted transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses on the two root sections. The results revealed that the RT exhibited 1.2-2.0 fold higher transcript or protein abundance of several Cd-related transporters than the BR, including Nramp1, Nramp5, IRT1, and HMA3, thereby contributing to more Cd accumulation in the RT. Furthermore, multi-omics analysis unveiled that the RT had enhanced activity in 'phenylpropanoid metabolism', 'AsA-GSH cycle' and 'tryptophan metabolism', conferring the stronger antioxidant system. While the BR showed higher activation in 'cell wall remodeling' and 'terpenoid biosynthesis'. This comprehensive study provides insights into the regulatory network of genes, proteins and metabolites involved in the differential responses to Cd toxicity between rice root tips and mature zones.
通讯机构:
[Zhou, N ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Biochar, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
摘要:
Transition-metal-catalyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in existing bactericidal systems, but there are some problems, such as poor stability, ease of dissolution, and difficulty in reusing. To address the issue of stability, we have developed a sufficient electron-donating (SED) system. In the presence of the two most active transition metals with multiple valences, several as-formed redox pairs can provide sufficient electrons, and then effectively trigger the reduction of H2O/O-2 to produce O-1(2), <middle dot>OH and <middle dot>O-2(-) without any assistance from extra energy or other active oxidants. Consequently, the SED system showed 100% removal efficiency for Escherichia coli in 2 h, and also showed remarkable stability and reusability with 85% inactivation after 11 repetitions. It is worth noting that <middle dot>OH and O-1(2) play a major role in the bactericidal process. While <middle dot>O-2(-) mainly plays a role in promoting the formation of O-1(2) and <middle dot>OH.
摘要:
Lignin and cellulose are two essential elements of plant secondary cell walls that shape the mechanical characteristics of the culm to prevent lodging. However, how the regulation of the lignin and cellulose composition is combined to achieve optimal mechanical characteristics is unclear. Here, we show that increasing OsTCP19 expression in rice coordinately repressed lignin biosynthesis and promoted cellulose biosynthesis, resulting in enhanced lodging resistance. In contrast, repression of OsTCP19 coordinately promoted lignin biosynthesis and inhibited cellulose biosynthesis, leading to greater susceptibility to lodging. We found that OsTCP19 binds to the promoters of both MYB108 and MYB103L to increase their expression, with the former being responsible for repressing lignin biosynthesis and the latter for promoting cellulose biosynthesis. Moreover, up-regulation of OsTCP19 in fibers improved grain yield and lodging resistance. Thus, our results identify the OsTCP19-OsMYB108/OsMYB103L module as a key regulator of lignin and cellulose production in rice, and open up the possibility for precisely manipulating lignin-cellulose composition to improve culm mechanical properties for lodging resistance.
作者:
Su, Zhaohong;Hu, Shiyu;Zhang, Yuhang;Liang, Zhanning;Peng, Yi;...
期刊:
Analyst,2024年149(1):188-195 ISSN:0003-2654
通讯作者:
Zhu, Zhiyang;He, Pei;Li, ZJ
作者机构:
[Su, Zhaohong; Li, Zhenjie; Zhu, Zhiyang; He, Pei; He, P; Li, ZJ] China Tobacco Yunnan Ind Co Ltd, Yunnan Key Lab Tobacco Chem, R&D Ctr, Kunming 650231, Peoples R China.;[Liang, Zhanning; Su, Zhaohong; Yu, Xia; Hu, Shiyu; Zhang, Yuhang; Peng, Yi; Cao, Qinyi] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Zhu, ZY; He, P; Li, ZJ ] C;China Tobacco Yunnan Ind Co Ltd, Yunnan Key Lab Tobacco Chem, R&D Ctr, Kunming 650231, Peoples R China.
摘要:
Herein, the electrodeposition of paracetamol oxide (PA ox) for the intelligent portable ratiometric detection of nicotine (NIC) and ethyl vanillin β-D-glucoside (EVG) is reported. PA ox electrodeposited on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was used as a new fixed state ratiometric reference probe. A portable electrochemical workstation combined with a smart phone was applied as an intelligent portable electrochemical sensing platform. The sensor was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), theoretical calculation, chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). Under optimized conditions, the detection range of NIC is 10-200 μmol L(-1), and the detection limit is 0.256 μmol L(-1). The detection range of EVG was 10-180 μmol L(-1), and the detection limit was 0.058 μmol L(-1). The sensor can realize the real-time detection of NIC and EVG concentration in cigarette samples quickly and accurately, and has good anti-interference, repeatability and stability.
摘要:
Low temperatures during the grain-filling phase have a detrimental effect on both the yield and quality of rice grains. However, the specific repercussions of low temperatures during this critical growth stage on grain quality and mineral nutrient composition in high-quality hybrid indica rice varieties have remained largely unexplored. The present study address this knowledge gap by subjecting eight high-quality indica rice varieties to two distinct temperature regimes: low temperature (19°C/15°C, day/night) and control temperature (28°C/22°C) during their grain-filling phase, and a comprehensive analysis of various quality traits, with a particular focus on mineral nutrients and their interrelationships were explored. Exposure of rice plants to low temperatures during early grain filling significantly impacts the physicochemical and nutritional properties. Specifically, low temperature increases the chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree, while decreases starch and amylopectin content, with varying effects on amylose, protein, and gelatinization temperature among rice varieties. Furthermore, crucial parameters like gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH), gelatinization temperature range (R), and peak height index (PHI) all significantly declined in response to low temperature. These detrimental effects extend to rice flour pasting properties, resulting in reduced breakdown, peak, trough, and final viscosities, along with increased setback. Notably, low temperature also had a significant impact on the mineral nutrient contents of brown rice, although the extent of this impact varied among different elements and rice varieties. A positive correlation is observed between brown rice mineral nutrient content and factors such as chalkiness, gelatinization temperature, peak viscosity, and breakdown, while a negative correlation is established with amylose content and setback. Moreover, positive correlations emerge among the mineral nutrient contents themselves, and these relationships are further accentuated in the context of low-temperature conditions. Therefore, enhancing mineral nutrient content and increasing rice plant resistance to chilling stress should be the focus of breeding efforts to improve rice quality.
摘要:
Abstract: β-ocimene is a plant communication signaling molecule that can induce plant defense responses. In this paper, in order to investigate the control effect of β-ocimene on tobacco Potato virus Y (PVY) disease, under indoor conditions, the influence of β-ocimene on the incidence rate and disease index of PVY was analyzed; under field conditions, the prevention and control effects of β-ocimene and conventional chemical pesticides on PVY were analyzed simultaneously. The test results are as follows: According to the analysis of indoor pot experiment, β-ocimene has a significant prevention and control effect on PVY. Compared with the control, the incidence rate decreased by 67.10%, the disease index decreased by 70.60%, and the virus accumulation decreased by 1.7 times. The results of field experiments showed that the control effect of β-ocimene on PVY was significantly better than that of chemical pesticides, with a control effect of 58.23%~64.12% on PVY; further statistical analysis of the increase rate of PVY showed that the disease index of PVY induced by β-ocimene only in-creased by 10.0%, significantly higher than that of chemical pesticides and controls. The above results all indicate that β-ocimene has significant efficacy in preventing and controlling PVY. This study provides a new approach to the prevention and control of PVY in the field.#@#@#摘要: β-罗勒烯是一种能诱导植物产生防御反应的植物通讯信号分子。本文为了探究β-罗勒烯对烤烟马铃薯Y病毒病(PVY)的控制效果,在室内条件下,分析了β-罗勒烯对PVY的发病率及病情指数的影响;在大田条件下,同时分析了β-罗勒烯与常规化学农药对PVY的防控效果。试验结果如下:通过室内盆栽试验分析,β-罗勒烯对PVY具有显著的防控效果,相比于对照发病率下降了67.10%,病情指数下降了70.60%,病毒积累量减少了1.7倍。大田试验结果显示,β-罗勒烯对PVY的控制效果显著优于化学农药,对PVY的控制效果达到58.23%~64.12%;进一步对PVY病情上升率进行统计,结果表明,经β-罗勒烯诱导后PVY的病情指数仅上升了10.0%,显著高于化学农药及对照。以上结果均表明,β-罗勒烯在防控PVY方面具有显著功效。本研究为大田防控PVY提供了新的途径。
作者机构:
[Wei Huang; Zhaobin Dong] State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China;[Hongbing Luo] Maize Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Breeding of Major Crops, Fresh Corn Research Center of BTH, College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384 China;[Shiyi Xie] Maize Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China;[Weiwei Jin] State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China<&wdkj&>Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Breeding of Major Crops, Fresh Corn Research Center of BTH, College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384 China
通讯机构:
[Zhaobin Dong] S;State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
摘要:
Maize (Zea mays) cultivation is strongly affected by both abiotic and biotic stress, leading to reduced growth and productivity. It has recently become clear that regulators of plant stress responses, including the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonic acid (JA), together with reactive oxygen species (ROS), shape plant growth and development. Beyond their well-established functions in stress responses, these molecules play crucial roles in balancing growth and defense, which must be finely tuned to achieve high yields in crops while maintaining some level of defense. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of recent research on the developmental functions of stress regulators, focusing specifically on maize. By unraveling the contributions of these regulators to maize development, we present new avenues for enhancing maize cultivation and growth while highlighting the potential risks associated with manipulating stress regulators to enhance grain yields in the face of environmental challenges. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
通讯机构:
[Houxiang Kang] S;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
关键词:
Cell division;CRISPR;Cas9 gene editing;Genetic architecture of rice leaf width;Genome-wide association study;Gibberellin;Rice leaf width;Vein width
摘要:
Abstract: Rice leaf width (RLW) is a crucial determinant of photosynthetic area. Despite the discovery of several genes controlling RLW, the underlying genetic architecture remains unclear. In order to better understand RLW, this study conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 351 accessions from the rice diversity population II (RDP-II). The results revealed 12 loci associated with leaf width (LALW). In LALW4, we identified one gene, Narrow Leaf 22 (NAL22), whose polymorphisms and expression levels were associated with RLW variation. Knocking out this gene in Zhonghua11, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, resulted in a short and narrow leaf phenotype. However, seed width remained unchanged. Additionally, we discovered that the vein width and expression levels of genes associated with cell division were suppressed in nal22 mutants. Gibberellin (GA) was also found to negatively regulate NAL22 expression and impact RLW. In summary, we dissected the genetic architecture of RLW and identified a gene, NAL22, which provides new loci for further RLW studies and a target gene for leaf shape design in modern rice breeding. Keywords: Cell division; CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing; Genetic architecture of rice leaf width; Genome-wide association study; Gibberellin; Rice leaf width; Vein width
通讯机构:
[Huang, H ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Engn Res Ctr Rice Field Ecol Planting & Bree, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Rice;Earthworm;Cadmium contamination;Symbiosis system
摘要:
Currently, the effects of earthworm inoculation on cadmium-contaminated rice field remain unclear. In this study, four treatments were tested, including rice monoculture (CK), earthworm inoculation with low density (L, 30 g/m(2)), middle density (M, 60 g/m(2)), and high density (H, 90 g/m(2)). The pot and field experiment were conducted in Hunan Province, China. In the pot experiment, the H treatment significantly decreased the available cadmium concentration in 0 similar to 20 cm soil by 5.21% similar to 16.51%, and the M treatment significantly decreased in 0 similar to 10 cm soil by 7.29% similar to 8.96%. The H treatment significantly decreased the total cadmium concentration in 0 similar to 5 cm soil by 10.36%. Moreover, the earthworm inoculation treatments significantly reduced cadmium accumulation in rice organs. In the field experiment, the M and H treatment decreased the available cadmium concentration in 0 similar to 20 cm soil by 14.05% similar to 47.52% and the H treatment decreased the total cadmium concentration in 0 similar to 20 cm soil by 0.78% similar to 5.75% although there was no significant difference. Furthermore, the earthworm inoculation treatments significantly decreased cadmium accumulation in part of rice organs. In conclusion, this study recommends that earthworm inoculation is an effective method of controlling cadmium contamination for rice production.
通讯机构:
[Guanghui Chen] T;[Yue Wang] D;The Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要:
Abstract: Rice noodles are one of southern people’s favorite foods in China, so it is important to find the suitable raw rice for rice noodle making. To study the effects of different rice varieties on the quality of fresh wet rice noodles and to explore the relationship between the quality of the rice and the quality of the fresh wet rice noodles, this study to compare the 12 hybrid rice varieties as raw materials analyzed the differences in the cooking quality, texture index, and sensory score of fresh wet rice noodles using the principal component analysis, membership function, and cluster analysis. The results showed that the quality of fresh wet rice noodles prepared from different hybrid rice materials differed significantly. The fresh wet rice noodles made from Liangyou 5836 are of good quality, and they are mainly characterized by a low rate of broken noodles and spit pulp value, high rice noodle hardness, good rice noodle elasticity, strong rice noodle chewiness, and low adhesiveness. Moreover, its sensory evaluation is also better than that of other varieties. The comprehensive evaluation of 12 hybrid rice varieties by subordinate function analysis also showed that Liangyou 5836 was the best. In addition, through principal component analysis and gray analysis, it was found that 14 related indicators of rice quality and fresh wet rice noodle quality were concentrated into four categories, among which gel consistency best reflects the quality of rice and fresh wet rice noodles. Through comprehensive analysis, it was found that an amylose content of about 22% and a gel consistency of less than 40 mm can be used as core indicators to screen varieties suitable for making rice noodles. This study is of great significance for the selection of hybrid rice for both rice quality and fresh wet rice noodle quality. Keywords: diverse rice hybrids; fresh wet rice noodles; physicochemical in rice noodles; amylose content; gel consistency
作者机构:
[Guan, Chunyun; Zhang, Yin; Chen, Can; Huang, Huang; Xu, Ying] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Guan, Chunyun; Zhang, Yin; Chen, Can; Huang, Huang] Hunan Engn Res Ctr Rice Field Ecol Planting & Bree, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Li, Zhengyou] Fisheries Res Inst Guizhou Prov, Guiyang 550025, Peoples R China.;[Luo, Jun] Congjiang Agr & Rural Bur Guizhou Prov, Congjiang 557400, Peoples R China.;[Ren, Bo] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Huang Huang] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Research Center of Rice Field Ecological Planting and Breeding, Changsha 410128, China
关键词:
rice-fish-duck symbiosis system;globally important agricultural heritage system;value;technology;challenge;countermeasure
摘要:
Abstract: The Chinese rice–fish–duck symbiosis system is one of the globally important agricultural heritage systems, with a history of nearly a thousand years. It embodies the wisdom of the Chinese ancestors and has huge comprehensive value, which has extremely important references for the sustainable development of agriculture. The technological core for the rice–fish–duck symbiosis system lies in the selection of rice, fish, and duck varieties and the coupling of agricultural operation time. In the process of modern agriculture, many varieties with high comprehensive benefits have also been applied to the rice–fish–duck system, and the rice–fish–duck model has been further developed. What is worrying is that the transfer of rural labor, the promotion of modern agricultural technology, the low degree of marketization and industrialization, the weakening of cultural awareness, and the change in climate have posed huge threats and challenges to the traditional Chinese rice–fish–duck system. The protection and development of the system are urgently needed. Therefore, we recommend delimiting active protection areas, establishing scientific research bases, improving relevant systems, developing rural tourism markets, and innovating farming technology, which also provide guidance for protecting and developing other agricultural cultural heritages. Keywords: rice–fish–duck symbiosis system; globally important agricultural heritage system; value; technology; challenge; countermeasure
摘要:
The objective was to determine effects of cellulase, xylanase, and commercial fibrolytic enzymes on fermentation quality, aerobic stability, bacterial community, and in vitro degradation of mixed silages. Mixtures of alfalfa, wheat bran, and rice straw [80:15:5 on a fresh matter (FM) basis] were ensiled for 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 30, and 45 d after treatment with: distilled water (control, C); cellulase (E); xylanase (X); or commercial fibrolytic enzymes (EX), with all enzyme preparations applied at 100 U/g FM. The 45-day silages were subjected to an in vitro degradation test. Each of the three enzyme-treated groups enriched relative abundance (RA) of Lactobacillus, Weissella, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, increased water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations, and extended aerobic stability over 384 h, but concurrently inhibited growth of undesirable microbes (i.e., Acinetobacter sp, Lelliottia amnigena, and Sphingomonas sp), reducing pH and concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (AN), butyric acid (BA) and propionic acid (PA). Compared to C, adding X or EX increased the RA of L. paralimentarius and L. parabrevis, enhanced accumulation of acetic acid (AA) and crude protein (CP), and reduced hemicellulose content. Furthermore, E group silage had the highest abundance of W. cibaria. In addition, EX enriched RA of Bacillus velezensis, reduced AN concentration, increased DM degradability, total VFA production, and gas production during in vitro incubation. In conclusion, addition of X or EX enhanced ensiling by enhancing concentrations of AA; however, EX was the most promising enzyme, based on reducing AN concentration and increasing DM content and DM degradability.
作者机构:
[Chen, Yinke; Peng, Yan; Teng, Zhenning; Duan, Meijuan; Ye, Nenghui; Qin, Zhonge; Liu, Bohan; Yu, Huihui; Ye, NH; Meng, Shuan; Lv, Jiahan; Duan, MJ] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Hunan Prov Key Lab Rice Stress Biol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Teng, Zhenning; Zhang, Jianhua; Yu, Huihui] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Sch Life Sci, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.;[Teng, Zhenning; Zhang, Jianhua; Yu, Huihui] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, State Key Lab Agrobiotechnol, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.;[He, YC; He, Yuchi] Hubei Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Biocatalysis & Enzyme Engn, Wuhan 430000, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Jianhua; Ye, Nenghui; Ye, NH] Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Biol, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[He, YC ; Zhang, JH; Ye, NH ; Duan, MJ] H;[Zhang, JH ] C;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Hunan Prov Key Lab Rice Stress Biol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Sch Life Sci, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.;Chinese Univ Hong Kong, State Key Lab Agrobiotechnol, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
摘要:
Low-temperature germination (LTG) is an important agronomic trait for direct-seeding cultivation of rice (Oryza sativa). Both OsMYB30 and OsTPP1 regulate the cold stress response in rice, but the function of OsMYB30 and OsTPP1 in regulating LTG and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Employing transcriptomics and functional studies revealed a sugar signaling pathway that regulates seed germination in response to low temperature (LT). Expression of OsMYB30 and OsTPP1 was induced by LT during seed germination, and overexpressing either OsMYB30 or OsTPP1 delayed seed germination and increased sensitivity to LT during seed germination. Transcriptomics and qPCR revealed that expression of OsTPP1 was upregulated in OsMYB30-overexpressing lines but downregulated in OsMYB30-knockout lines. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that OsMYB30 bound to the promoter of OsTPP1 and regulated the abundance of OsTPP1 transcripts. Overaccumulation of trehalose (Tre) was found in both OsMYB30- and OsTPP1-overexpressing lines, resulting in inhibition of alpha-amylase 1a (OsAMY1a) gene during seed germination. Both LT and exogenous Tre treatments suppressed the expression of OsAMY1a, and the osamy1a mutant was not sensitive to exogenous Tre during seed germination. Overall, we concluded that OsMYB30 expression was induced by LT to activate the expression of OsTPP1 and increase Tre content, which thus inhibited alpha-amylase activity and seed germination. This study identified a phytohormone-independent pathway that integrates environmental cues with internal factors to control seed germination. Low temperature increases the abundance of a transcription factor, which activates the biosynthesis of trehalose and consequently inhibits seed germination by impeding alpha-amylase activity in rice.