作者机构：
[Lingqiong Song; Zhihui Liu; Qiyuan Tang; Min Huang; Jiana Chen; Weiqing Wang; Huabin Zheng] College of Agronomy, Hunan agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Yuanwei Chen] Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
通讯机构：
[Weiqing Wang; Huabin Zheng] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
Carbon pool management index;Grain yield;Labile organic carbon;Ratoon rice
摘要：
Integrated crop and soil management measures have proven effective in enhancing crop yields and resource use efficiency, although the impacts on soil carbon pools and related microbial diversity remain unclear. In this study, we compared rice yield and soil properties between a local ratoon rice farming practice model without organic fertilizer application (FP) with an improved farming practice model (IFP) based on integrated management practices, including a > 20 % increase in planting density, 30 % increase in panicle fertilization, and application of 1.8 t/ha of organic fertilizer, in Hunan Province, China. The 5-year average annual rice grain yield was 32.0 % higher in the IFP (13.3 t/ha) than in the FP. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content was nonsignificantly higher by 9.2 % in the IFP (22.4 g/kg) than in the FP; furthermore, the labile organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon contents were 10.7 g/kg and 45.5 mg/kg, respectively, in the IFP, significantly higher than those of the FP and N-free control. The carbon pool management index in the IFP was 191.4 in 2022 and 132.9 in 2023, and was significantly higher by 95.0 % ( P < 0.05) than in the FP; the carbon pool activity and carbon pool activity index were similarly improved in the IFP. The average microbial biomass carbon in the IFP was 179.3 mg/kg, but did not differ significantly among the IFP, FP, and control. The bacterial and fungal Chao1 indexes were 5.6 % and 13.3 % higher, respectively, in the IFP (Chao1 for bacteria: 5252.5; fungi: 2291.5) than in the FP. The bacterial and fungal abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) indexes were 7.2 % and 13.3 % higher, respectively, in the IFP (ACE for bacteria: 5871.5; fungi: 2530.4) than in the FP; however, there was no significant difference between the IFP and FP ( P > 0.05). These results support the efficacy of integrated agronomic measures in greatly increasing rice grain yield while supporting soil fertility through enhancing carbon pools and related microbial diversity. As modern ratoon rice production becomes increasingly mechanized, such measures will become easy to adopt.
Integrated crop and soil management measures have proven effective in enhancing crop yields and resource use efficiency, although the impacts on soil carbon pools and related microbial diversity remain unclear. In this study, we compared rice yield and soil properties between a local ratoon rice farming practice model without organic fertilizer application (FP) with an improved farming practice model (IFP) based on integrated management practices, including a > 20 % increase in planting density, 30 % increase in panicle fertilization, and application of 1.8 t/ha of organic fertilizer, in Hunan Province, China. The 5-year average annual rice grain yield was 32.0 % higher in the IFP (13.3 t/ha) than in the FP. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content was nonsignificantly higher by 9.2 % in the IFP (22.4 g/kg) than in the FP; furthermore, the labile organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon contents were 10.7 g/kg and 45.5 mg/kg, respectively, in the IFP, significantly higher than those of the FP and N-free control. The carbon pool management index in the IFP was 191.4 in 2022 and 132.9 in 2023, and was significantly higher by 95.0 % ( P < 0.05) than in the FP; the carbon pool activity and carbon pool activity index were similarly improved in the IFP. The average microbial biomass carbon in the IFP was 179.3 mg/kg, but did not differ significantly among the IFP, FP, and control. The bacterial and fungal Chao1 indexes were 5.6 % and 13.3 % higher, respectively, in the IFP (Chao1 for bacteria: 5252.5; fungi: 2291.5) than in the FP. The bacterial and fungal abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) indexes were 7.2 % and 13.3 % higher, respectively, in the IFP (ACE for bacteria: 5871.5; fungi: 2530.4) than in the FP; however, there was no significant difference between the IFP and FP ( P > 0.05). These results support the efficacy of integrated agronomic measures in greatly increasing rice grain yield while supporting soil fertility through enhancing carbon pools and related microbial diversity. As modern ratoon rice production becomes increasingly mechanized, such measures will become easy to adopt.
作者机构：
[Yu Haipeng; Chen Mingxue; Zhang Weixing; Li Huijuan; Huang Guanrong; Huang Zengying; Tang Lu; Yang Pengfei; Zhong Zhengzheng; Hu Guocheng] State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311410, China;[Zhong Kaizhen] Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;[Zhang Zhen] Pudong New District Agro-Technology Extension Center, Shanghai 201201, China;[Yu Guoping] National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China;[Wu Dezhi] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Wu Dezhi] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
In order to analyze the physiological regulation mechanisms associated with exogenous melatonin on rice blast, this study treated rice seedlings with different concentrations of melatonin (0, 20, 100, and 500 µmol/L) in order to investigate the growth characteristics, root morphology, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) content, and soluble protein content of rice seedlings. The results indicated that 100 µmol/L of melatonin exhibited a significant effect, improving the growth and antioxidant capacity of rice seedlings under rice blast fungus infection. The disease resistance level of rice seedlings against rice blast significantly decreased by 31.58% when compared to the 0 µmol/L melatonin treatment, while the plant height, stem base width, plant leaf area, total root length, aboveground dry weight, aboveground fresh weight, and underground fresh weight significantly increased by 8.72% to 91.38%. Treatment with 100 µmol/L of melatonin significantly increased catalase activities and soluble protein content, with respective increases of 94.99% and 31.14%. Simultaneously, the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide significantly decreased, reaching 18.65% and 38.87%, respectively. The gray relational grade analysis indicated that hydrogen peroxide content and resistance level exhibit the highest gray relational grades with melatonin concentration and, so, can be used to evaluate the effect of melatonin on the severity of rice blast fungus infection. Furthermore, the membership function analysis revealed that the 100 µmol/L melatonin treatment had the highest membership function value, indicating a significant improvement in the resistance of rice seedlings to rice blast disease. In conclusion, 100 µmol/L of melatonin enhances the resistance of rice seedlings to rice blast disease through promoting their growth and strengthening their antioxidant defenses. This study provides new insights into the tolerance mechanisms of rice seedlings against rice blast disease.
摘要：
In humans, cadmium (Cd) toxicity caused by contaminated environments is associated with numerous chronic diseases. Breeding rice with low Cd accumulation is now deemed critical for sustainable agriculture development. Here, we elucidate the crucial functions of UCLACYANIN 23 (UCL23), a small copper protein, in Cd absorption, tolerance, and accumulation through modulation of reactive oxygen signals in rice. Additionally, we demonstrate that WRKY51 binds to promoters of UCL23 and miR528, a post-transcriptional regulator of UCL23 , thereby contributing to Cd regulation in a dual-modulatory manner. Furthermore, we show that the natural variation of UCL23 is important for the differential accumulation of Cd in rice grains. Finally, we reveal that Indica rice harboring the major Japonica haplotype of UCL23 significantly reduces Cd uptake in roots and Cd accumulation in grains. Together, our study not only reveals a regulatory cascade in Cd regulation but also provides valuable resources for breeding low-Cd rice cultivars.
In humans, cadmium (Cd) toxicity caused by contaminated environments is associated with numerous chronic diseases. Breeding rice with low Cd accumulation is now deemed critical for sustainable agriculture development. Here, we elucidate the crucial functions of UCLACYANIN 23 (UCL23), a small copper protein, in Cd absorption, tolerance, and accumulation through modulation of reactive oxygen signals in rice. Additionally, we demonstrate that WRKY51 binds to promoters of UCL23 and miR528, a post-transcriptional regulator of UCL23 , thereby contributing to Cd regulation in a dual-modulatory manner. Furthermore, we show that the natural variation of UCL23 is important for the differential accumulation of Cd in rice grains. Finally, we reveal that Indica rice harboring the major Japonica haplotype of UCL23 significantly reduces Cd uptake in roots and Cd accumulation in grains. Together, our study not only reveals a regulatory cascade in Cd regulation but also provides valuable resources for breeding low-Cd rice cultivars.
摘要：
Context The ratoon rice (RR) system is increasingly recognized as an important rice-based cropping strategy for ensuring food security in China. Incorporating green manure through crop rotation is widely practiced to improve soil quality and increase rice yields. However, its effects on crop growth, soil quality, and the sustainability of the RR system are still not well understood.
The ratoon rice (RR) system is increasingly recognized as an important rice-based cropping strategy for ensuring food security in China. Incorporating green manure through crop rotation is widely practiced to improve soil quality and increase rice yields. However, its effects on crop growth, soil quality, and the sustainability of the RR system are still not well understood.
Objective This study aimed to evaluate crop characteristics and soil physicochemical and biological indicators, and to assess RR system performance using the soil quality index area ( SQI ∼ area ) and the sustainability index (SI).
This study aimed to evaluate crop characteristics and soil physicochemical and biological indicators, and to assess RR system performance using the soil quality index area ( SQI ∼ area ) and the sustainability index (SI).
Methods A two-year field experiment (2019–2021) was carried out to examine the effects of green manure application with two RR varieties (YLY911 and LY6326) under three rotation scenarios: fallow-RR (FA), rapeseed-RR (RA), and milk vetch-RR (MV), where rapeseed and milk vetch were incorporated into the soil in situ.
A two-year field experiment (2019–2021) was carried out to examine the effects of green manure application with two RR varieties (YLY911 and LY6326) under three rotation scenarios: fallow-RR (FA), rapeseed-RR (RA), and milk vetch-RR (MV), where rapeseed and milk vetch were incorporated into the soil in situ.
Results Compared with the FA treatment, both RA and MV treatments significantly improved RR growth, nitrogen uptake, grain yield, soil nutrient content, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen levels. On average across years, seasons, and varieties, RA and MV increased SQI ∼ area by 39.10 % and 70.41 % in the 0–10 cm soil layer, and by 37.78 % and 63.65 % in the 10–20 cm layer, respectively. Similarly, SI increased by 20.38 % and 33.93 % in the 0–10 cm layer, and by 24.40 % and 37.74 % in the 10–20 cm layer. Under MV treatment, LY6326 showed higher system sustainability than YLY911. Partial least squares path modeling analysis further revealed that green manure had significant direct positive effects on soil total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved organic nitrogen, and microbial nitrogen indicators in the 0–10 cm layer, and mainly affected TDN and DIN in the 10–20 cm layer. These improvements enhanced soil quality and system sustainability, thereby indirectly increasing grain yield.
Compared with the FA treatment, both RA and MV treatments significantly improved RR growth, nitrogen uptake, grain yield, soil nutrient content, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen levels. On average across years, seasons, and varieties, RA and MV increased SQI ∼ area by 39.10 % and 70.41 % in the 0–10 cm soil layer, and by 37.78 % and 63.65 % in the 10–20 cm layer, respectively. Similarly, SI increased by 20.38 % and 33.93 % in the 0–10 cm layer, and by 24.40 % and 37.74 % in the 10–20 cm layer. Under MV treatment, LY6326 showed higher system sustainability than YLY911. Partial least squares path modeling analysis further revealed that green manure had significant direct positive effects on soil total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved organic nitrogen, and microbial nitrogen indicators in the 0–10 cm layer, and mainly affected TDN and DIN in the 10–20 cm layer. These improvements enhanced soil quality and system sustainability, thereby indirectly increasing grain yield.
Conclusions Green manure improved soil quality and system sustainability in RR fields by increasing dissolved and microbial nitrogen levels, which indirectly enhanced yield. The combination of milk vetch and the LY6326 variety showed the greatest benefit.
Green manure improved soil quality and system sustainability in RR fields by increasing dissolved and microbial nitrogen levels, which indirectly enhanced yield. The combination of milk vetch and the LY6326 variety showed the greatest benefit.
Significance The combination of milk vetch green manure and the LY6326 variety offers an effective strategy to improve soil health and productivity in RR systems.
The combination of milk vetch green manure and the LY6326 variety offers an effective strategy to improve soil health and productivity in RR systems.
摘要：
Context Ratoon crop (RC) exhibits a strong arsenic (As) uptake capacity, but the accumulation characteristic and related mitigation strategies remain unclear.
Ratoon crop (RC) exhibits a strong arsenic (As) uptake capacity, but the accumulation characteristic and related mitigation strategies remain unclear.
Objective Identify the decisive growth period for As accumulation of RC and provide irrigation recommendations for reducing As concentration in RC grains.
Identify the decisive growth period for As accumulation of RC and provide irrigation recommendations for reducing As concentration in RC grains.
Methods Field experiments were conducted in Central China in 2020 and 2021. The entire growth duration of RC was split into three short-term stages according to date of initial heading (IH), full heading (FH), and maturity (MR). Two irrigation methods (flooded and rainfed) were established during each short growing period. A total of eight water treatment combinations were used in this field experiment with a randomized block design. As concentrations in various organs were measured at different periods.
Field experiments were conducted in Central China in 2020 and 2021. The entire growth duration of RC was split into three short-term stages according to date of initial heading (IH), full heading (FH), and maturity (MR). Two irrigation methods (flooded and rainfed) were established during each short growing period. A total of eight water treatment combinations were used in this field experiment with a randomized block design. As concentrations in various organs were measured at different periods.
Results Across water treatments, the As concentration in RC grains ranged from 51.2 to 88.0 µg kg −1 and from 131.8 to 176.5 µg kg −1 in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Non-flooded conditions and cooler temperature during grain filling were associated with reduced grain As concentration. The highest As accumulation occurred from the harvest of main crop (HM) to IH, followed by the IH-FH period. These two growth periods contributed 45.0 % and 34.9 % of final As accumulation during the ratoon season, respectively. Reduced irrigation significantly suppressed As accumulation of RC ( p < 0.05). Segmented field drainage implemented during the HM-IH and IH-FH periods reduced the As concentration in RC grains by 18.1 % and 21.4 %, respectively, in comparison with continuous flooding treatment. Moreover, the As concentration in roots was much higher than that in aboveground organs, indicating that As sequestration in roots was an important mechanism to reduce As accumulation in RC grains.
Across water treatments, the As concentration in RC grains ranged from 51.2 to 88.0 µg kg −1 and from 131.8 to 176.5 µg kg −1 in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Non-flooded conditions and cooler temperature during grain filling were associated with reduced grain As concentration. The highest As accumulation occurred from the harvest of main crop (HM) to IH, followed by the IH-FH period. These two growth periods contributed 45.0 % and 34.9 % of final As accumulation during the ratoon season, respectively. Reduced irrigation significantly suppressed As accumulation of RC ( p < 0.05). Segmented field drainage implemented during the HM-IH and IH-FH periods reduced the As concentration in RC grains by 18.1 % and 21.4 %, respectively, in comparison with continuous flooding treatment. Moreover, the As concentration in roots was much higher than that in aboveground organs, indicating that As sequestration in roots was an important mechanism to reduce As accumulation in RC grains.
Conclusions RC plants primarily accumulated As during the growth stage between the harvest of main crop and full heading of RC. Appropriate water drainage practices were shown to effectively reduce As accumulation in RC grains.
RC plants primarily accumulated As during the growth stage between the harvest of main crop and full heading of RC. Appropriate water drainage practices were shown to effectively reduce As accumulation in RC grains.
作者机构：
[Tan, Jinjuan; Zhou, Zhongjing; Feng, Hanqian; Niu, Yujie; Liu, Fangyu; Deng, Zhiping] Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310021, China;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128, China;College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang 050024, China;[Zhang, Jiateng; Zhang, Ruikai] Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310021, China<&wdkj&>College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang 050024, China;[Chen, Zhongkai] Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310021, China<&wdkj&>College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Zhiping Deng] K;Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310021, China
摘要：
Fruit ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has been extensively studied at the transcriptomics level. However, comprehensive profiling of the tomato fruit proteome and phosphoproteome remains limited. In this study, we performed large-scale proteome and phosphoproteome profiling of tomato (Ailsa Craig) fruits across five ripening stages using tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics. Our analysis quantified over 8800 proteins and 20,000 high-confidence phosphorylation sites. Ripening-associated phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events were identified in diverse ripening regulators, including transcription factors, ethylene biosynthesis and signaling proteins, and epigenetic modifiers. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed a tetratricopeptide repeat protein, REDUCED CHLOROPLAST COVERAGE 1a (REC1a), as a key regulator of fruit ripening. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM)-based targeted proteomic analysis validated the expression profiles of REC1a and its three phosphorylation sites. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated knockout of REC1a resulted in reduced lycopene accumulation and slower chlorophyll degradation, highlighting its role in the chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition, which is critical for fruit pigmentation during ripening. Quantitative proteomic analyses of rec1a mutants demonstrated reduced levels of Clp proteases and chaperones, proteins known to regulate plastid transitions. Additionally, co-immunoprecipitation and split-luciferase complementation assays revealed that REC1a interacts with the eukaryotic translation initiation factor subunits eIF2α and eIF2Bβ, suggesting its role in regulating protein synthesis during ripening. This study provides the most comprehensive quantitative proteome and phosphoproteome atlas of tomato fruits to date and identifies REC1a as a novel regulator of plastid development, offering new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit ripening.
作者机构：
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress Biology, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China;Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China;[Tao Song] Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China;State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China;Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
通讯机构：
[Tao Song] C;Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
关键词：
Abiotic stress;Abscisic acid;Epigenetic regulation;Growth and development;Hormonal interactions;Rice
摘要：
Global climate change impacts the yield and quality of rice, thereby restricting the sustainable development of agriculture. When plants cope with environmental stress, the interaction among signal generation, perception, transmission, and defense signal networks jointly enhance their stress resistance. Abscisic acid (ABA), as a key plant hormone, plays an important role in coordinating plant growth and adaptation to environmental stress. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms of ABA in the growth, development, and stress response of rice; analyses the related signaling pathways, gene expression regulation, and functional characteristics under different environments; and explores how ABA balances plant growth and stress response. The research reveals the balance mechanism of ABA in rice, providing a theoretical basis for the improvement of rice varieties and the formulation of efficient cultivation strategies.
Global climate change impacts the yield and quality of rice, thereby restricting the sustainable development of agriculture. When plants cope with environmental stress, the interaction among signal generation, perception, transmission, and defense signal networks jointly enhance their stress resistance. Abscisic acid (ABA), as a key plant hormone, plays an important role in coordinating plant growth and adaptation to environmental stress. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms of ABA in the growth, development, and stress response of rice; analyses the related signaling pathways, gene expression regulation, and functional characteristics under different environments; and explores how ABA balances plant growth and stress response. The research reveals the balance mechanism of ABA in rice, providing a theoretical basis for the improvement of rice varieties and the formulation of efficient cultivation strategies.
通讯机构：
[Jie, YC; Xing, HC ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Ramie Res Inst, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Grass Crop Germpla, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
oilseed rape;waterlogging stress;salicylic acid;abscisic acid;yield per plant
摘要：
Winter oilseed rape is particularly vulnerable to waterlogging stress during its growth and development stages, especially at the podding stage, leading to impaired photosynthesis, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, and significant declines in yield and oil content. Previous studies have demonstrated that exogenous plant growth regulators, such as salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA), enhance crop resistance to abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, their combined application for winter oilseed rape recovery under waterlogging stress remains underexplored. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of SA, ABA, and their combination on the growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity, and yield of winter oilseed rape at the podding stage following waterlogging stress. The results showed that mixed spraying of SA and ABA significantly improved plant height, effective branching number, yield per plant, and thousand-grain weight of winter oilseed rape, surpassing the effects of individual treatments. Structural equation modeling revealed that mixed spraying enhanced yield components through direct improvements in photosynthesis and indirect regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities. This study is the first to systematically evaluate the role of mixed spraying of SA and ABA in mitigating waterlogging stress and restoring yield and quality in winter oilseed rape. This approach effectively alleviates the adverse effects of waterlogging and provides a valuable reference for post-waterlogging management of other crops. These results hold significant implications for addressing the impacts of climate change and ensuring global food security.
通讯机构：
[Christian, D ] U;Univ Montpellier, Inst Agro, IPSiM, CNRS,INRAE, Montpellier, France.
关键词：
Arabidopsis;bHLH121;iron;phloem;proteomics
摘要：
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development whose homeostasis must be tightly regulated to avoid deficiency or excess that could be detrimental to the cells. In Arabidopsis thaliana , this mechanism is regulated by a series of transcription factors that act in an intricate regulatory network among which URI/bHLH121 (UPSTREAM REGULATOR OF IRT1) plays a predominant role. Tremendous efforts were deployed to decipher the molecular mechanisms that regulate iron homeostasis in plants. Nonetheless, the nature of the long-distance signal that conveys, via the phloem sap, information on the iron status of aerial tissues to the roots in order to coordinate iron uptake with the plant needs for iron is still to be determined. With the aim to identify potential actors involved in this process, we set up a proteomic analysis of the phloem sap of wild type Arabidopsis plants and bhlh121 loss-of-function mutants grown in iron-replete and iron-deficient conditions. We found that modifications in iron availability or the loss of URI activity have a profound impact on the phloem sap protein composition. We also found that some proteins whose translocation through the phloem sap is inhibited in response to iron deficiency are also affected in bhlh121 mutants. Interestingly, we discovered that some of the genes encoding such proteins are direct targets of URI, which suggests that the encoded proteins might act as potential signaling factors to regulate root iron uptake and/or root growth.
摘要：
The work reports the anomalous lattice shrinkage phenomenon in a Cr3+‐activated β‐Al2O3 structure phosphor. The relevant reason can be ascribed to the distinct variation of covalency of chemical bonds, thus improving phosphors‘ optical properties. Furthermore, the relationship between the preferential occupation of Cr3+ and the unique spectral properties are discussed and the existence of Cr3+–Cr3+ coupling pairs is revealed. Abstract β‐Al2O3 phosphors show good optical properties for highly symmetric lattices and dense frameworks. Here, an abnormal lattice shrinkage phenomenon is found in BaMg1‐xZnxAl9.8O17: Cr3+ (BM1‐xZxA: Cr3+) phosphors, which can be attributed to the variation in the covalency of the chemical bond. Accordingly, the denser crystal structure caused by the abnormal shrinkage improves the luminescent intensity (67%↑) and the thermal stability (69%→76%@150 °C). Internal/external quantum efficiency (IQE/EQE) of BZA: 0.2Cr3+ reaches 95% and 52.7%, respectively. In addition, the preferential occupation of the Cr3+ ion is discussed through the crystal field strength calculation, low‐temperature spectra, and fluorescent lifetime. The unique spectrum of the phosphor derives from the occupation of Cr3+ on the octahedral sites (Al4 and Al1) and the formation of Cr3+‐Cr3+ coupling pairs. Finally, the high matching rate between the absorption curve of plant pigment Pfr and the EL spectrum of the as‐prepared pc‐LED expresses that it can be applied in plant lighting.
期刊：
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE,2025年16:1685290 ISSN：1664-462X
作者机构：
[Yufei Li; Yajun Hu] Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;Yuelu Mountain Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;The Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
Fresh wet rice noodles is one of the delicacies for young and old in East and Southeast Asia. Its main material is rice. However, there are many varieties of rice. Not all rice is suitable for processing into fresh wet rice noodles. In this study, we used 22 rice varieties as raw materials to produce fresh wet rice noodles. Multiple analysis methods, including correlation analysis, principal component analysis, affiliation function analysis, cluster analysis, stepwise regression, and gray correlation analysis, were used to evaluate and classify the quality of rice and fresh wet rice noodles. Identification indices and measurement standards were determined for the evaluation of the quality of the fresh wet rice noodles. The results showed that the 22 rice varieties had large coefficients of variation for rice gel consistency, amylose content, broken noodle rate, and adhesiveness. There were highly significant correlations between all of the individual indices in terms of fresh wet rice noodle quality. Four principal components (composite decision indices) were extracted using principal component analysis, and the cumulative contribution reached 91.442%. In this study, the composite decision index F3 referred to the amylose content and index F4 was the gel consistency. The results of the principal component composite scores and affiliation functions showed that the quality of the rice and fresh wet rice noodles made from Zhuliangyou 4026 and Yuliangyou 22 was excellent. On the basis of the D-value of the combined evaluation of rice quality and fresh wet rice noodle quality, the 22 rice varieties were clustered into four categories at a distance of 0.20. By combining stepwise regression analysis, correlation analysis, and gray correlation analysis, it was determined that amylose content and gel consistency could be used as rice quality indices for evaluating the quality of fresh wet rice noodles. Moreover, the screening conditions for varieties with an amylose content of between 20% and 25% and a gel consistency of less than 40 mm were found to be suitable for fresh wet rice noodle processing. Therefore, multivariate statistical analysis can be an effective means of evaluating flour rice. This study provides a foundation for the standardization, scalability, and industrialization of fresh wet rice noodle production.
摘要：
To optimize the controlled release performance of polyurethane-coated fertilizers, cotton stalk biochar was incorporated on polyurethane films. Then, the effect of biochar loading positions (inner layer, middle layer, and outer layer) on the structural and functional attributes of the biochar polyurethane co-coatings fertilizer was systematically investigated. The findings reveal that the biochar loading position significantly influences the physicochemical properties of the fertilizer. Specifically, biochar incorporated on the outermost layer of the film (BPU-O) exhibits a dense coating with rough surface morphology and high hydrophobicity, thereby demonstrating optimal-controlled release performance. BPU-O demonstrates an initial release rate of merely 1.8%, with cumulative release amounts of 20.82% at 14 d, 53.03% at 28 d, and reaching 80% after 40 d. The exceptional-controlled release performance of BPU-O can be attributed to the oxygen-containing functional groups on cotton stalk biochar. These functional groups, particularly hydroxyl groups, react with residual isocyanates on the polyurethane surface, enhancing compactness and hydrophobicity through grafting and filling effects, thereby, effectively inhibiting water ingress into the core of the fertilizer. Consequently, this work demonstrates a significant role of biochar embedding in determining the efficacy of polyurethane-controlled release fertilizers, providing valuable guidance for advancement in high-efficiency-controlled release fertilizer.
作者机构：
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.;[Li, Juan] Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;Crop Raw Material Guarantee Innovation Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;These authors contributed equally to this work.;[Li, Yufei] These authors contributed equally to this work.<&wdkj&>Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Xinyu Hu; Guanghui Chen] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Crop Raw Material Guarantee Innovation Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
This study compared the decomposition effects of different microbial agents added to rice straw to screen for efficient and stable microbial agents and achieve effective utilization of rice straw resources. Different microbial agents can accelerate the decomposition of rice straw. The E4/E6 value of rice straw added with the Bacillus subtilis agent was significantly lower than that of rice straw added with other microbial agents on the 30th day. The lignin degradation rates for the Bacillus subtilis agent and Trichoderma viride agent treatments were higher than those of the other treatments from the 5th to 30th days. After adding the Bacillus subtilis agent for 30 days, the degradation rates of hemicellulose and cellulose in rice straw were higher than others, reaching 33.62% and 41.31%, respectively. Through principal component analysis and grey relational analysis, it was determined that the C/N ratio, organic carbon, E4/E6 value, conductivity value, and pH value are important evaluation indicators for the maturity promotion effect. Using the membership function analysis method, it was found that the Bacillus subtilis agent had the best overall performance in straw decomposition. This research provides a new viewpoint for the efficient utilization of straw resources.
摘要：
The application of bio-based controlled-release fertilizers is one of the sustainable methods for improving fertilizer effectiveness and reducing agricultural non-point source pollution. In this study, liquefied tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) stem (LTS) and castor oil were used as raw materials to prepare bio-based polyurethane coating (BPC). The BPC and biochar obtained through pyrolysis were coated on nitramine phosphorus to prepare bio-based double-coated controlled-release fertilizers (BDCRFs). The variables are the 3 %, 5 %, and 7 % BPC coating amounts and biochar from different sources (tobacco stem, fir wood and coconut shell were pyrolyzed at 500 ℃ under oxygen restriction) as components of BDCRFs. The results demonstrated that the excellent hydrophobicity (water contact angle = 138°) and lipophilicity (polyols contact angle = 30°) of tobacco stem biochar (TSB) was conducive to coupling with BPC to improve the controlled-release performance of BDCRFs. Column leaching test indicated the tobacco stem fertilizer (TSF) can achieve long-term controlled-release: with the coating rate of 3 %, 5 % and 7 %, TSF released 71 % ± 2 %, 66 % ± 2 % and 71 % ± 2 % of nutrients on 70, 84 and 124 days, respectively. Meanwhile, the kinetic analysis revealed that the nutrient release mechanism of BDCRFs followed the Ritger-Peppas model. Additionally, TSF with the excellent nutrient release performance were compared with conventional fertilizer (CF), nitramine phosphorus (NP), and no fertilizer (CK) in tobacco field experiments. The results indicated that the biomass, growth indexes and nutritional status of tobacco reached the highest under TSF-5 % treatment. Therefore, the nutrient release of BDCRFs matched the nutrient demand for tobacco growth, reducing the time and labor costs of topdressing and improving the nutrient utilization rate. Therefore, BDCRFs are considered as potential candidates for sustainable development of agriculture and the widespread development and application of controlled-release fertilizers.
The application of bio-based controlled-release fertilizers is one of the sustainable methods for improving fertilizer effectiveness and reducing agricultural non-point source pollution. In this study, liquefied tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) stem (LTS) and castor oil were used as raw materials to prepare bio-based polyurethane coating (BPC). The BPC and biochar obtained through pyrolysis were coated on nitramine phosphorus to prepare bio-based double-coated controlled-release fertilizers (BDCRFs). The variables are the 3 %, 5 %, and 7 % BPC coating amounts and biochar from different sources (tobacco stem, fir wood and coconut shell were pyrolyzed at 500 ℃ under oxygen restriction) as components of BDCRFs. The results demonstrated that the excellent hydrophobicity (water contact angle = 138°) and lipophilicity (polyols contact angle = 30°) of tobacco stem biochar (TSB) was conducive to coupling with BPC to improve the controlled-release performance of BDCRFs. Column leaching test indicated the tobacco stem fertilizer (TSF) can achieve long-term controlled-release: with the coating rate of 3 %, 5 % and 7 %, TSF released 71 % ± 2 %, 66 % ± 2 % and 71 % ± 2 % of nutrients on 70, 84 and 124 days, respectively. Meanwhile, the kinetic analysis revealed that the nutrient release mechanism of BDCRFs followed the Ritger-Peppas model. Additionally, TSF with the excellent nutrient release performance were compared with conventional fertilizer (CF), nitramine phosphorus (NP), and no fertilizer (CK) in tobacco field experiments. The results indicated that the biomass, growth indexes and nutritional status of tobacco reached the highest under TSF-5 % treatment. Therefore, the nutrient release of BDCRFs matched the nutrient demand for tobacco growth, reducing the time and labor costs of topdressing and improving the nutrient utilization rate. Therefore, BDCRFs are considered as potential candidates for sustainable development of agriculture and the widespread development and application of controlled-release fertilizers.
摘要：
Miscanthus is a promising perennial lignocellulosic crop for biomass production. To avoid competing with arable land used for food crops to promote carbon neutrality, cultivating Miscanthus on marginal land, especially in saline soils in China, is a recommended strategy. However, the adaptability of Miscanthus species in saline soil remains largely unknown. In this study, a total of 354 genotypes, including Miscanthus sinensis, Miscanthus floridulus, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Miscanthus lutarioriparius and interspecific species hybrids derived from M. sinensis and M. lutarioriparius , were evaluated under different planting times (May and August), salinity levels (low and moderate) and pest damage assessment by Helicoverpa armigera in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), in China. The significant effects of planting time on the adaptability of Miscanthus were observed. Planting in May in the YRD, Miscanthus had a lower establishment survival rate (28.76%) and overwintering rate (72.31%), but a dry weight higher than that of planting in August. In contrast, planting in August in the YRD had a very high establishment survival rate (91.14%) and overwintering rate (80.65%), which indicated August was the optimal month for planting Miscanthus in the YRD, while May could be suitable for screening salinity tolerance in Miscanthus . In addition, using the overall adaptability score calculated by establishment survival, overwintering ability, key agronomic traits and pest damage assessments to evaluate all genotypes in this study indicated that the adaptability of M. lutarioriparius was superior to other species. However, M. lutarioriparius is more sensitive to pest damage than others. Furthermore, interspecific hybrids in Miscanthus exhibited outstanding biomass production and adaptability in this region, indicating that creating hybrids would be the best breeding strategy for marginal lands. These results provide an important theoretical basis for the development of Miscanthus in saline soil in the YRD, China.
通讯机构：
[Xu, Y ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
rice cropping system;cover crop incorporation;biomass accumulation;nitrogen use efficiency;nitrogen remobilization;sustainable rice production
摘要：
This study evaluated the effects of winter green manure incorporation on grain yield, nitrogen uptake, and use efficiency in ratoon rice production. A two-year field experiment (2019–2021) was conducted using a split-plot design, with main plots comprising three cropping systems: fallow–ratoon rice (FA), rapeseed–ratoon rice (RA), and milk vetch–ratoon rice (MV). In the RA and MV systems, green manures were incorporated in situ, while subplots featured two ratoon rice varieties (Yliangyou 911, YLY911; Liangyou 6326, LY6326). Compared to FA treatment, RA and MV treatments significantly increased main crop yields by 16.37% and 9.31%, respectively, with corresponding annual total yield improvements of 11.34% and 7.78%. Under RA treatment, LY6326 achieved significantly higher yields than YLY911. Biomass accumulation analysis revealed that RA and MV treatments enhanced plant dry matter by 24.40% and 5.63% at heading stage, and 9.83% and 7.47% at maturity, respectively, relative to FA treatment. Green manure incorporation improved plant nitrogen content at maturity (9.42% and 10.29% for RA and MV, respectively) and panicle nitrogen accumulation (11.73% and 38.26%, respectively) compared to fallow treatment. Nitrogen use efficiency metrics demonstrated that RA and MV treatments enhanced nitrogen harvest index by 1.54% and 5.65%, respectively, while nitrogen partial factor productivity increased by 11.34% and 7.78%. Varietal comparison confirmed that LY6326 exhibited superior nitrogen accumulation and utilization compared to YLY911. These findings demonstrate that winter green manure incorporation significantly enhances grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in ratoon rice systems, providing a scientific foundation for developing sustainable and productive rice cropping practices.
