通讯机构：
[Jie, YC; Xing, HC ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Ramie Res Inst, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Grass Crop Germpla, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
oilseed rape;waterlogging stress;salicylic acid;abscisic acid;yield per plant
摘要：
Winter oilseed rape is particularly vulnerable to waterlogging stress during its growth and development stages, especially at the podding stage, leading to impaired photosynthesis, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, and significant declines in yield and oil content. Previous studies have demonstrated that exogenous plant growth regulators, such as salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA), enhance crop resistance to abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, their combined application for winter oilseed rape recovery under waterlogging stress remains underexplored. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of SA, ABA, and their combination on the growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity, and yield of winter oilseed rape at the podding stage following waterlogging stress. The results showed that mixed spraying of SA and ABA significantly improved plant height, effective branching number, yield per plant, and thousand-grain weight of winter oilseed rape, surpassing the effects of individual treatments. Structural equation modeling revealed that mixed spraying enhanced yield components through direct improvements in photosynthesis and indirect regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities. This study is the first to systematically evaluate the role of mixed spraying of SA and ABA in mitigating waterlogging stress and restoring yield and quality in winter oilseed rape. This approach effectively alleviates the adverse effects of waterlogging and provides a valuable reference for post-waterlogging management of other crops. These results hold significant implications for addressing the impacts of climate change and ensuring global food security.
摘要：
In order to analyze the physiological regulation mechanisms associated with exogenous melatonin on rice blast, this study treated rice seedlings with different concentrations of melatonin (0, 20, 100, and 500 µmol/L) in order to investigate the growth characteristics, root morphology, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) content, and soluble protein content of rice seedlings. The results indicated that 100 µmol/L of melatonin exhibited a significant effect, improving the growth and antioxidant capacity of rice seedlings under rice blast fungus infection. The disease resistance level of rice seedlings against rice blast significantly decreased by 31.58% when compared to the 0 µmol/L melatonin treatment, while the plant height, stem base width, plant leaf area, total root length, aboveground dry weight, aboveground fresh weight, and underground fresh weight significantly increased by 8.72% to 91.38%. Treatment with 100 µmol/L of melatonin significantly increased catalase activities and soluble protein content, with respective increases of 94.99% and 31.14%. Simultaneously, the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide significantly decreased, reaching 18.65% and 38.87%, respectively. The gray relational grade analysis indicated that hydrogen peroxide content and resistance level exhibit the highest gray relational grades with melatonin concentration and, so, can be used to evaluate the effect of melatonin on the severity of rice blast fungus infection. Furthermore, the membership function analysis revealed that the 100 µmol/L melatonin treatment had the highest membership function value, indicating a significant improvement in the resistance of rice seedlings to rice blast disease. In conclusion, 100 µmol/L of melatonin enhances the resistance of rice seedlings to rice blast disease through promoting their growth and strengthening their antioxidant defenses. This study provides new insights into the tolerance mechanisms of rice seedlings against rice blast disease.
摘要：
In humans, cadmium (Cd) toxicity caused by contaminated environments is associated with numerous chronic diseases. Breeding rice with low Cd accumulation is now deemed critical for sustainable agriculture development. Here, we elucidate the crucial functions of UCLACYANIN 23 (UCL23), a small copper protein, in Cd absorption, tolerance, and accumulation through modulation of reactive oxygen signals in rice. Additionally, we demonstrate that WRKY51 binds to promoters of UCL23 and miR528, a post-transcriptional regulator of UCL23 , thereby contributing to Cd regulation in a dual-modulatory manner. Furthermore, we show that the natural variation of UCL23 is important for the differential accumulation of Cd in rice grains. Finally, we reveal that Indica rice harboring the major Japonica haplotype of UCL23 significantly reduces Cd uptake in roots and Cd accumulation in grains. Together, our study not only reveals a regulatory cascade in Cd regulation but also provides valuable resources for breeding low-Cd rice cultivars.
In humans, cadmium (Cd) toxicity caused by contaminated environments is associated with numerous chronic diseases. Breeding rice with low Cd accumulation is now deemed critical for sustainable agriculture development. Here, we elucidate the crucial functions of UCLACYANIN 23 (UCL23), a small copper protein, in Cd absorption, tolerance, and accumulation through modulation of reactive oxygen signals in rice. Additionally, we demonstrate that WRKY51 binds to promoters of UCL23 and miR528, a post-transcriptional regulator of UCL23 , thereby contributing to Cd regulation in a dual-modulatory manner. Furthermore, we show that the natural variation of UCL23 is important for the differential accumulation of Cd in rice grains. Finally, we reveal that Indica rice harboring the major Japonica haplotype of UCL23 significantly reduces Cd uptake in roots and Cd accumulation in grains. Together, our study not only reveals a regulatory cascade in Cd regulation but also provides valuable resources for breeding low-Cd rice cultivars.
摘要：
The tiller angle, one of the critical factors that determine the rice plant type, is closely related to rice yield. An appropriate rice tiller angle can improve rice photosynthetic efficiency and increase yields. In this study, we identified a transcription factor, TILLRE ANGLE CONTROL 8 (TAC8), that is highly expressed in the rice tiller base and positively regulates the tiller angle by regulating cell length and endogenous auxin content; TAC8 encodes a TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF transcriptional activator that is highly expressed in the nucleus. RNA-seq revealed that TAC8 is involved mainly in the photoperiod and abiotic stress response in rice. Yeast two-hybrid assays verified that TAC8 interacts with CHLOROPHYLL A/B-BINDING PROTEIN 1, which responds to photoperiod, and haplotype analysis revealed that a 34-bp deletion at position 1516 in the promoter region and a 9-bp deletion at position 153 in the coding region can result in impaired function or loss of function of TAC8. This study provides a new genetic resource for designing ideal plant types with appropriate rice tiller angle.
关键词：
Cadmium;Hybrid rice;Photosynthesis;Grain yield;Nitrogen use efficiency
摘要：
Context The presence of cadmium (Cd) in rice fields poses a significant threat to both rice production and human health. The low-Cd hybrid rice variety Zhenliangyou 8612 (L-Cd ZLY8612), developed through the mutation of the OsNRAMP5 gene, exhibits significantly lower Cd uptake. However, the impacts of this mutation on nitrogen (N) uptake, photosynthetic efficiency, and grain yield remain unclear.
The presence of cadmium (Cd) in rice fields poses a significant threat to both rice production and human health. The low-Cd hybrid rice variety Zhenliangyou 8612 (L-Cd ZLY8612), developed through the mutation of the OsNRAMP5 gene, exhibits significantly lower Cd uptake. However, the impacts of this mutation on nitrogen (N) uptake, photosynthetic efficiency, and grain yield remain unclear.
Method A two-year field experiment, along with a pot experiment, was conducted using Cd-contaminated soils and four different nitrogen treatments. Key parameters, including Cd uptake, photosynthesis, biomass, and yield, were measured, alongside 15 N isotope tracking to assess N uptake and utilization efficiency.
A two-year field experiment, along with a pot experiment, was conducted using Cd-contaminated soils and four different nitrogen treatments. Key parameters, including Cd uptake, photosynthesis, biomass, and yield, were measured, alongside 15 N isotope tracking to assess N uptake and utilization efficiency.
Results The average Cd concentration in L-Cd ZLY8612 grain was 73.4 % lower than that in ZLY8612 across two years of field experiments. Despite the OsNRAMP5 mutation, N uptake and utilization in L-Cd ZLY8612 were comparable to ZLY8612, with no significant differences in photosynthetic traits, dry matter accumulation, or grain yield. These findings suggest that L-Cd ZLY8612 can effectively reduce Cd accumulation without compromising N uptake or yield.
The average Cd concentration in L-Cd ZLY8612 grain was 73.4 % lower than that in ZLY8612 across two years of field experiments. Despite the OsNRAMP5 mutation, N uptake and utilization in L-Cd ZLY8612 were comparable to ZLY8612, with no significant differences in photosynthetic traits, dry matter accumulation, or grain yield. These findings suggest that L-Cd ZLY8612 can effectively reduce Cd accumulation without compromising N uptake or yield.
Conclusions L-Cd ZLY8612 effectively reduces Cd uptake without compromising N uptake or yield performance. The cultivation of low-Cd rice varieties such as L-Cd ZLY8612 presents a viable strategy for mitigating soil Cd contamination, while ensuring stable rice production.
L-Cd ZLY8612 effectively reduces Cd uptake without compromising N uptake or yield performance. The cultivation of low-Cd rice varieties such as L-Cd ZLY8612 presents a viable strategy for mitigating soil Cd contamination, while ensuring stable rice production.
摘要：
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the four major oilseed crops in the world and is rich in fatty acids. Changes in the fatty acid composition affect the quality of rapeseed. Fatty acids play various roles in plants, but the functions of the genes involved in the fatty acid composition during plant development remain unclear. β-Ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) is a key enzyme involved in the elongation of fatty acids. Various types of fatty acid products are used to build lipid molecules, such as oils, suberin, wax, and membrane lipids. In B. napus, BnaKCSA8 and BnaKCSC3 belong to the KCS family, but their specific functions remain unclear. This study cloned BnaKCSA8 and BnaKCSC3 from Brassica napus L. and analyzed their functions. The gene structures of BnaKCSA8 and BnaKCSC3 were similar and they were localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In yeast, overexpression of BnaKCSA8 increased the ratios of palmitoleic acid and oleic acid, while BnaKCSC3 decreased the ratios of oleic acid. In Arabidopsis, overexpression of BnaKCSA8 and BnaKCSC3 lead to an increase in the proportion of linoleic acid and a decrease in the erucic acid. In summary, BnaKCSA8 and BnaKCSC3 altered the composition ratios of fatty acids. These findings lay the foundation for an understanding of the role of KCS in the fatty acids in rapeseed, potentially improving its health and nutritional qualities.
摘要：
The PDX gene is a key gene in the vitamin B6 synthesis pathway, playing a crucial role in plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. To explore the family characteristics of the PDX gene in Brassica napus (B. napus) and its regulatory function under waterlogging stress, this study used five PDX genes from Arabidopsis thaliana as the basis for sequence analysis. Thirteen, eight, and six PDX genes were identified in B. napus, Brassica oleracea (B. oleracea), and Brassica rapa (B. rapa), respectively. Bioinformatics study reveals high conservation of PDX subfamily genes during evolution, and PDX genes in B. napus respond to waterlogging stress.In order to further investigate the effect of the PDX gene on waterlogging tolerance in B. napus, expression analysis was conducted on BnaPDX1.3 gene overexpressing B. napus plants and wild-type plants. The study showed that overexpressing plants could synthesize more VB6 under waterlogging stress, exhibit stronger antioxidant enzyme activity, and have a more effective and stable ROS scavenging system, thus exhibiting a healthier phenotype. These findings suggested that the BnaPDX1.3 gene can enhance the waterlogging tolerance of B. napus, which is of great significance for its response to waterlogging stress. Our study provides a basic reference for further research on the regulation mechanism of the PDX gene and waterlogging tolerance in B. napus.
摘要：
Antimony (Sb) toxicity is a significant threat to crop production and humans. Its concentration is increasing in soil and water due to human activities which needs dire attention to address this challenge. Biochar is a promising amendment to remediate polluted soils, however, its role in mitigating the toxic impacts of Sb on plants is still unclear. Seaweed-based fertilizer (SBF) has shown appreciable results in improving plant performance, however, its role against metal/metalloids toxicity has not been studied yet. Therefore, this study tested the impacts of BC and SBF in mitigating the harmful effects of Sb on rice. The study was carried out with the following treatments; control, Sb stress (600 mg kg−1), Sb stress + biochar (2%), Sb stress + seaweed-based fertilizer (SBF: 2%), and Sb stress + BC (1%) and SBF (1%). The results showed that Sb toxicity adversely affected rice growth and productivity by impeding photosynthetic pigments, leaf relative water contents, increasing production of oxidative stress biomarkers (electrolyte leakage: EL, hydrogen peroxide: H2O2, malondialdehyde: MDA), and accumulation of Sb in plant parts. Contrarily, BC and SBF blends mitigated Sb-induced growth and yield damages in rice by improving photosynthetic efficiency, osmolyte synthesis, nutrient uptake, soil enzymatic activity, and antioxidant activities. Moreover, BC and SBF blend also reduced the bio-accessible Sb concentration (95.63%), bio-accessibility of Sb (25.40%), Sb transport coefficient (35.70%) and soil Sb antimony concentration (52.74%). Given these findings, the co-application of BC and SBF showed a profound improvement in rice yield by regulating photosynthetic performance, antioxidant activities, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant activities, and soil properties.
Antimony (Sb) toxicity is a significant threat to crop production and humans. Its concentration is increasing in soil and water due to human activities which needs dire attention to address this challenge. Biochar is a promising amendment to remediate polluted soils, however, its role in mitigating the toxic impacts of Sb on plants is still unclear. Seaweed-based fertilizer (SBF) has shown appreciable results in improving plant performance, however, its role against metal/metalloids toxicity has not been studied yet. Therefore, this study tested the impacts of BC and SBF in mitigating the harmful effects of Sb on rice. The study was carried out with the following treatments; control, Sb stress (600 mg kg−1), Sb stress + biochar (2%), Sb stress + seaweed-based fertilizer (SBF: 2%), and Sb stress + BC (1%) and SBF (1%). The results showed that Sb toxicity adversely affected rice growth and productivity by impeding photosynthetic pigments, leaf relative water contents, increasing production of oxidative stress biomarkers (electrolyte leakage: EL, hydrogen peroxide: H2O2, malondialdehyde: MDA), and accumulation of Sb in plant parts. Contrarily, BC and SBF blends mitigated Sb-induced growth and yield damages in rice by improving photosynthetic efficiency, osmolyte synthesis, nutrient uptake, soil enzymatic activity, and antioxidant activities. Moreover, BC and SBF blend also reduced the bio-accessible Sb concentration (95.63%), bio-accessibility of Sb (25.40%), Sb transport coefficient (35.70%) and soil Sb antimony concentration (52.74%). Given these findings, the co-application of BC and SBF showed a profound improvement in rice yield by regulating photosynthetic performance, antioxidant activities, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant activities, and soil properties.
摘要：
Cold stress during the booting stage of rice ( Oryza sativa ) significantly reduces yields, particularly in temperate and high-altitude regions. This study investigates the Ctb1 gene, critical for booting-stage cold tolerance, to improve breeding of resilient rice varieties. Re-sequencing the Ctb1 promoter in 202 accessions identified six Insertions and/or deletions (InDels) and four Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with an InDel at −1,302 bp significantly boosting Ctb1 expression and cold tolerance. Accessions carrying this InDel (Haplotype I) exhibited the highest tolerance. Near-isogenic lines (NIL- Ctb1 HapI ) introduced Haplotype I into the cold-sensitive Huazhan (HZ) variety, resulting in a 5.9-fold increase in Ctb1 expression, higher seedling survival, improved pollen fertility, a 64.2 % increase in seed setting rate, and a 12 g per plant yield boost under cold stress. These findings confirm the critical role of the −1,302 InDel in cold tolerance and establish NIL- Ctb1 HapI as a valuable breeding tool for cold-resilient rice.
Cold stress during the booting stage of rice ( Oryza sativa ) significantly reduces yields, particularly in temperate and high-altitude regions. This study investigates the Ctb1 gene, critical for booting-stage cold tolerance, to improve breeding of resilient rice varieties. Re-sequencing the Ctb1 promoter in 202 accessions identified six Insertions and/or deletions (InDels) and four Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with an InDel at −1,302 bp significantly boosting Ctb1 expression and cold tolerance. Accessions carrying this InDel (Haplotype I) exhibited the highest tolerance. Near-isogenic lines (NIL- Ctb1 HapI ) introduced Haplotype I into the cold-sensitive Huazhan (HZ) variety, resulting in a 5.9-fold increase in Ctb1 expression, higher seedling survival, improved pollen fertility, a 64.2 % increase in seed setting rate, and a 12 g per plant yield boost under cold stress. These findings confirm the critical role of the −1,302 InDel in cold tolerance and establish NIL- Ctb1 HapI as a valuable breeding tool for cold-resilient rice.
摘要：
Plant growth and development require water, but excessive water hinders growth. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oil crop; it is drought-tolerant but sensitive to waterlogging, and its drought tolerance has been extensively studied. However, the waterlogging tolerance of sesame still has relatively few studies. In this study, two kinds of sesame, R (waterlogging-tolerant) and S (waterlogging-intolerant), were used as materials, and they were treated with waterlogging stress for 0, 24, 72, and 120 h. Physiological analysis showed that after waterlogging, sesame plants responded to stress by increasing the contents of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione (GSH), and some other antioxidants. The results of the multi-omics analysis of sesame under waterlogging stress revealed 15,652 (R) and 12,156 (S) differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 41 (R) and 47 (S) differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMis), and 896 (R) and 1036 (S) differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). The combined DEMi-DEG analysis that 24 DEMis regulated 114 DEGs in response to waterlogging stress. In addition, 13 hub genes and three key pathways of plant hormone signal transduction, glutathione metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were identified by multi-omics analysis under waterlogging stress. The results showed that sesame regulated the content of hormones and antioxidants and promoted energy conversion in the plant through the above pathways to adapt to waterlogging stress. In summary, this study further analyzed the response mechanism of sesame to waterlogging stress and provides helpful information for the breeding of plants for waterlogging tolerance and genetic improvement.
摘要：
Salinity stress is a serious abiotic stress that negatively affects crop productivity and global food security. The extent of salinity stress is continuously increasing, which is a serious concern around the world. The present study was conducted to determine the impact of NaCl and Na2CO3 on the germination and growth of Amorpha fruticosa. The research utilized different concentrations of neutral salt (NaCl: 50, 100, and 200 mM) and basic salt (Na2CO3: 10, 20, and 30 mM). The results indicated that under salinity stress pericarp removal increased the seed germination rate and germination index of Amorpha fruticosa and decreased the germination time, leading to better seedling growth. Therefore, when planting in soil characterized by neutral salt, the pericarp can be removed for sowing to improve the planting effect. Plant growth was inhibited under alkali stress due to the increased absorption of Na+ and the high pH value, indicating that pericarp removal is not favorable under alkali stress. The length and biomass of both the radicle and the germ in the sand-based medium were higher compared to the paper-based medium (p < 0.05). Therefore, the sand culture method is recommended for seed germination experiments under stress for plants with developed radicle to provide a theoretical basis for making full use of plant resources, improving and utilizing saline soil, and improving production efficiency.
通讯机构：
[Luo, W ; Zhou, Z ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Biomass straw;Pyrolysis;N 2 and CO 2;Biochar;Nutritional element migration
摘要：
Biochar is rich in nutrients and can be used as a soil amendment. This study analyses the migration path of nutritional elements(N/P/K) from biomass to pyrolysis products based on the synergistic pyrolysis of rice straw and chili straw under N 2 and CO 2 . Biochar's structure and nutrient elements were characterized and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the N content of biochar decreased significantly in both pyrolysis atmospheres, and a large amount of volatilized pyrolysis gas flowed to a small part of the pyrolysis oil. In contrast, the relative contents of P and K increased. The fixation rate of nutrient elements in biochar under a CO 2 atmosphere at 500 °C was significantly higher than that under an N 2 atmosphere, and the total N/P/K increased by 50.7 %, 64.4 %, and 85.4 %, respectively. With the increasing of pyrolysis temperature, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in biochar gradually changed from organic state to inorganic state. At 700 °C and CO 2 , biochar has the best effect on inorganic enrichment of nutrient elements. Finally, this study summarized the migration and transition mechanisms of nutrients during straw pyrolysis to provide a theoretical basis for biochar nutrient recovery.
Biochar is rich in nutrients and can be used as a soil amendment. This study analyses the migration path of nutritional elements(N/P/K) from biomass to pyrolysis products based on the synergistic pyrolysis of rice straw and chili straw under N 2 and CO 2 . Biochar's structure and nutrient elements were characterized and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the N content of biochar decreased significantly in both pyrolysis atmospheres, and a large amount of volatilized pyrolysis gas flowed to a small part of the pyrolysis oil. In contrast, the relative contents of P and K increased. The fixation rate of nutrient elements in biochar under a CO 2 atmosphere at 500 °C was significantly higher than that under an N 2 atmosphere, and the total N/P/K increased by 50.7 %, 64.4 %, and 85.4 %, respectively. With the increasing of pyrolysis temperature, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in biochar gradually changed from organic state to inorganic state. At 700 °C and CO 2 , biochar has the best effect on inorganic enrichment of nutrient elements. Finally, this study summarized the migration and transition mechanisms of nutrients during straw pyrolysis to provide a theoretical basis for biochar nutrient recovery.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,2025年13(2):116002 ISSN：2213-2929
通讯作者：
Zhou, N
作者机构：
[Wu, Jinmeng; Leng, Zihao; Zhang, Shun; Li, Shikai; Wen, Yujiao; Zhou, Nan; Zhou, Zhi] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Biochar, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Jinmeng; Zhang, Shun; Wen, Yujiao; Zhou, Zhi; Zhou, Nan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Wen, Yujiao; Zhou, Nan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Leng, Zihao; Zhou, Zhonghua; Zhou, Zhi] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Li, Shikai] Cent South Univ, Inst Environm Engn, Sch Met & Environm, 932 Lushan South Rd, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhou, N ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Biochar, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Catalytic degradation;Nitrogen and phosphorus doped biochar;Heteroatom co-doping;Peroxymonosulfate;Wastewater treatment;Atrazine removal
摘要：
Atrazine (ATZ), a commonly used herbicide, poses significant environmental and health risks due to its persistence in aquatic environments. This study applied peroxymonosulfate-based advanced oxidation technology using N, P-doped rice straw biochar (NP@RSBC700), prepared via one-step pyrolysis, to degrade ATZ. The biochar produced at 700 °C exhibited optimal performance due to its enhanced graphitic structure (I D /I G = 0.77) and physicochemical properties. The NP@RSBC700-activated PMS system achieved a 100 % degradation efficiency of ATZ within a short period of just 2 h. N and P doping synergistically improved active sites, including C O, P-O, graphitic N, pyridinic N, and pyrrole N, alongside a porous structure (180.75 m 2 ⋅g −1 ) and defects, demonstrating the potential of this approach in environmental remediation applications. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed three potential ATZ degradation pathways, with reduced intermediate toxicity and bioaccumulation confirming effective detoxification. Hydroponic experiments demonstrated that the biochar not only degraded ATZ efficiently but also mitigated its toxicity on plant seedlings. These findings highlight the multifunctional potential of N, P-doped biochar in PMS-based advanced oxidation processes, combining pollutant degradation with plant health protection.
Atrazine (ATZ), a commonly used herbicide, poses significant environmental and health risks due to its persistence in aquatic environments. This study applied peroxymonosulfate-based advanced oxidation technology using N, P-doped rice straw biochar (NP@RSBC700), prepared via one-step pyrolysis, to degrade ATZ. The biochar produced at 700 °C exhibited optimal performance due to its enhanced graphitic structure (I D /I G = 0.77) and physicochemical properties. The NP@RSBC700-activated PMS system achieved a 100 % degradation efficiency of ATZ within a short period of just 2 h. N and P doping synergistically improved active sites, including C O, P-O, graphitic N, pyridinic N, and pyrrole N, alongside a porous structure (180.75 m 2 ⋅g −1 ) and defects, demonstrating the potential of this approach in environmental remediation applications. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed three potential ATZ degradation pathways, with reduced intermediate toxicity and bioaccumulation confirming effective detoxification. Hydroponic experiments demonstrated that the biochar not only degraded ATZ efficiently but also mitigated its toxicity on plant seedlings. These findings highlight the multifunctional potential of N, P-doped biochar in PMS-based advanced oxidation processes, combining pollutant degradation with plant health protection.
摘要：
Inexpensive metal oxides are the promising catalyst supports for catalytic pyrolysis to produce pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The catalytic co-pyrolysis of tobacco stem (TS) and recycled plastic (PP) is conducted using a Ni/CaO-Al 2 O 3 catalyst with varying CaO/Al 2 O 3 ratios (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3 and 0:1) in a two-stage fixed bed reactor. Subsequently, TS and PP were decomposed at high temperature to produce pyrolysis oil and H 2 -rich pyrolysis gas, while CNTs were synthesized using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on the deposited catalyst (FeMo/MgO). The results demonstrated that Ni-based dual-support catalysts exhibit high total acidity (17–110 mmol/g) and optimal reduction temperature (300–600 °C). This is conducive to improve the catalytic cracking reactivity, improve product quality, and achieve CO 2 fixation. Ni/Ca-50 enhances C–H cracking, resulting in the production of hydrogen (46 %) and short-chain hydrocarbons, which is beneficial for generating higher-quality CNTs on the deposited catalyst with an ID/IG ratio of 0.52. Meanwhile, Ni/Ca-25 achieved the highest hydrocarbon content (65 %), fostering the generation of carbon source gases necessary for producing high-yield CNTs on FeMo/MgO, evidenced by a TPO weight loss of 40 %. The highly selective Ni-based dual-support catalysts hold significant potential for application in catalytic co-pyrolysis, paving the way for the widespread and large-scale deployment of pyrolysis technology.
Inexpensive metal oxides are the promising catalyst supports for catalytic pyrolysis to produce pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The catalytic co-pyrolysis of tobacco stem (TS) and recycled plastic (PP) is conducted using a Ni/CaO-Al 2 O 3 catalyst with varying CaO/Al 2 O 3 ratios (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3 and 0:1) in a two-stage fixed bed reactor. Subsequently, TS and PP were decomposed at high temperature to produce pyrolysis oil and H 2 -rich pyrolysis gas, while CNTs were synthesized using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on the deposited catalyst (FeMo/MgO). The results demonstrated that Ni-based dual-support catalysts exhibit high total acidity (17–110 mmol/g) and optimal reduction temperature (300–600 °C). This is conducive to improve the catalytic cracking reactivity, improve product quality, and achieve CO 2 fixation. Ni/Ca-50 enhances C–H cracking, resulting in the production of hydrogen (46 %) and short-chain hydrocarbons, which is beneficial for generating higher-quality CNTs on the deposited catalyst with an ID/IG ratio of 0.52. Meanwhile, Ni/Ca-25 achieved the highest hydrocarbon content (65 %), fostering the generation of carbon source gases necessary for producing high-yield CNTs on FeMo/MgO, evidenced by a TPO weight loss of 40 %. The highly selective Ni-based dual-support catalysts hold significant potential for application in catalytic co-pyrolysis, paving the way for the widespread and large-scale deployment of pyrolysis technology.
作者机构：
[Tang, Lei; Wei, Mengyi] College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.;State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China;[Wang, Kai] Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation & Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co., Ltd., Changsha 410001, China;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Yanbiao Zhou; Yuanzhu Yang] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation & Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co., Ltd., Changsha 410001, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China<&wdkj&>College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China<&wdkj&>Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation & Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co., Ltd., Changsha 410001, China
摘要：
Glume-opening of thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines after anthesis is a serious problem that significantly reduces the yield and quality of hybrid seeds. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the opening and closing of rice glumes remain largely unclear. In this study, we report the isolation and functional characterization of a glum-opening mutant after anthesis, named gom1. gom1 exhibits dysfunctional lodicules that lead to open glumes following anthesis. Map-based cloning and subsequent complementation tests confirmed that GOM1 encodes a receptor-like kinase (RLK). GOM1 was expressed in nearly all floral tissues, with the highest expression in the lodicule. Loss-of-function of GOM1 resulted in a decrease in the expression of genes related to JA biosynthesis, JA signaling, and sugar transport. Compared with LK638S, the JA content in the gom1 mutant was significantly reduced, while the soluble sugar, sucrose, glucose, and fructose contents were significantly increased in lodicules after anthesis. Together, we speculated that GOM1 regulates carbohydrate transport in lodicules during anthesis through JA and JA signaling, maintaining a higher osmolality in lodicules after anthesis, which leads to glum-opening.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is one of the most valuable forages in the world. As an outcrossing species, it needs bright flowers to attract pollinators to deal with self-incompatibility. Although various flower colors have been observed and described in alfalfa a long time ago, the biochemical and molecular mechanism of its color formation is still unclear. METHODS: By analyzing alfalfa lines with five contrasting flower colors including white (cream-colored), yellow, lavender (purple), dark purple and dark blue, various kinds and levels of anthocyanins, carotenoids and other flavonoids were detected in different colored petals, and their roles in color formation were revealed. RESULTS: Notably, the content of delphinidin-3,5-O-diglucoside in lines 3, 4 and 5 was 58.88, 100.80 and 94.07 times that of line 1, respectively. Delphinidin-3,5-O-diglucoside was the key factor for purple and blue color formation. Lutein and β-carotene were the main factors for the yellow color formation. By analyzing differentially expressed genes responsible for specific biochemical pathways and compounds, 27 genes were found to be associated with purple and blue color formation, and 14 genes were found to play an important role in yellow color formation. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in petal color between white, purple and blue petals was mainly caused by the accumulation of delphinidin-3,5-O-diglucoside. The difference in petal color between white and yellow petals was mainly affected by the production of lutein and β-carotene. These findings provide a basis for understanding the biochemical and molecular mechanism of alfalfa flower color formation.
摘要：
Rice cultivated in cadmium (Cd)-polluted acidic paddy soil poses important health risks in China. Mitigating Cd accumulation in rice is of crucial importance for food safety and human health. In this study, using Chuangliangyou 669 as the ratoon rice variety, a field experiment was conducted in paddy fields with severe Cd pollution (Cd concentration > 1.0 mg kg(-1)). The aim was to explore the impacts of different nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels (N1-180 kg hm(-2), N2-153 kg hm(-2), N3-126 kg hm(-2)) and planting densities (D1-20 cm x 20 cm, D2-16.7 cm x 16.7 cm) in the main crop on the yield and Cd accumulation characteristics of ratoon rice. The results showed that reducing the amount of N fertilizer would lead to a decrease in the yield of ratoon rice, while increasing the planting density could increase the yield, mainly by increasing the effective panicle. Among the various combined treatments, the yields of N1M2 and N2M2 were relatively high. The planting density had no significant impact on the Cd concentration, translocation factor and bioaccumulation factor of ratoon rice. The Cd concentration in various tissues of ratoon rice decreased significantly with the reduction in N fertilizer application. Reducing N fertilizer application could increase the pH, reduce the concentration of available Cd in the soil and consequently reduce the Cd bioaccumulation factor of various tissues of ratoon rice and the Cd translocation factor from roots and stems to brown rice. Considering both the yield and the Cd concentration in brown rice, N2M2 was the optimal treatment of reducing N and increasing density, which could maintain a relatively high yield while significantly reducing the Cd concentration.
作者机构：
[Qingyun Yan; Yuzhen Ming; Zhili He] Marine Synthetic Ecology Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China;[Jianzhong Liu] School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China;[Huaqun Yin] School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China;[Qiang He] Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA;[Juan Li] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
通讯机构：
[Qingyun Yan; Zhili He] M;Marine Synthetic Ecology Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China<&wdkj&>Marine Synthetic Ecology Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
摘要：
The chalcone isomerase gene OsCHI , one of the key genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, plays an important role in rice ( Oryza sativa ) resistance to abiotic stresses. This study reveals how the chalcone isomerase gene family member OsCHI3 participates in rice responses to drought stress through the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. Overexpression of OsCHI3 increased the tolerance of rice to drought stress. In contrast, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of OsCHI3 reduced the drought tolerance of rice, an effect that is reversed by exogenous ABA treatment. Transcriptomic and physiological biochemical analyses indicated that flavonoids regulated by OsCHI3 not only scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also increase drought tolerance in rice by stimulating ABA biosynthesis through the regulation of OsNCED1 and OsABA8ox3 expression. These findings demonstrate that OsCHI3 increases drought stress tolerance in rice by activating the antioxidant defense system and the ABA metabolic pathway, providing new clues for drought-resistant rice breeding research.
The chalcone isomerase gene OsCHI , one of the key genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, plays an important role in rice ( Oryza sativa ) resistance to abiotic stresses. This study reveals how the chalcone isomerase gene family member OsCHI3 participates in rice responses to drought stress through the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. Overexpression of OsCHI3 increased the tolerance of rice to drought stress. In contrast, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of OsCHI3 reduced the drought tolerance of rice, an effect that is reversed by exogenous ABA treatment. Transcriptomic and physiological biochemical analyses indicated that flavonoids regulated by OsCHI3 not only scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also increase drought tolerance in rice by stimulating ABA biosynthesis through the regulation of OsNCED1 and OsABA8ox3 expression. These findings demonstrate that OsCHI3 increases drought stress tolerance in rice by activating the antioxidant defense system and the ABA metabolic pathway, providing new clues for drought-resistant rice breeding research.
