摘要：
In humans, cadmium (Cd) toxicity caused by contaminated environments is associated with numerous chronic diseases. Breeding rice with low Cd accumulation is now deemed critical for sustainable agriculture development. Here, we elucidate the crucial functions of UCLACYANIN 23 (UCL23), a small copper protein, in Cd absorption, tolerance, and accumulation through modulation of reactive oxygen signals in rice. Additionally, we demonstrate that WRKY51 binds to promoters of UCL23 and miR528, a post-transcriptional regulator of UCL23 , thereby contributing to Cd regulation in a dual-modulatory manner. Furthermore, we show that the natural variation of UCL23 is important for the differential accumulation of Cd in rice grains. Finally, we reveal that Indica rice harboring the major Japonica haplotype of UCL23 significantly reduces Cd uptake in roots and Cd accumulation in grains. Together, our study not only reveals a regulatory cascade in Cd regulation but also provides valuable resources for breeding low-Cd rice cultivars.
In humans, cadmium (Cd) toxicity caused by contaminated environments is associated with numerous chronic diseases. Breeding rice with low Cd accumulation is now deemed critical for sustainable agriculture development. Here, we elucidate the crucial functions of UCLACYANIN 23 (UCL23), a small copper protein, in Cd absorption, tolerance, and accumulation through modulation of reactive oxygen signals in rice. Additionally, we demonstrate that WRKY51 binds to promoters of UCL23 and miR528, a post-transcriptional regulator of UCL23 , thereby contributing to Cd regulation in a dual-modulatory manner. Furthermore, we show that the natural variation of UCL23 is important for the differential accumulation of Cd in rice grains. Finally, we reveal that Indica rice harboring the major Japonica haplotype of UCL23 significantly reduces Cd uptake in roots and Cd accumulation in grains. Together, our study not only reveals a regulatory cascade in Cd regulation but also provides valuable resources for breeding low-Cd rice cultivars.
通讯机构：
[Jie, YC; Xing, HC ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Ramie Res Inst, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Grass Crop Germpla, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
oilseed rape;waterlogging stress;salicylic acid;abscisic acid;yield per plant
摘要：
Winter oilseed rape is particularly vulnerable to waterlogging stress during its growth and development stages, especially at the podding stage, leading to impaired photosynthesis, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, and significant declines in yield and oil content. Previous studies have demonstrated that exogenous plant growth regulators, such as salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA), enhance crop resistance to abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, their combined application for winter oilseed rape recovery under waterlogging stress remains underexplored. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of SA, ABA, and their combination on the growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity, and yield of winter oilseed rape at the podding stage following waterlogging stress. The results showed that mixed spraying of SA and ABA significantly improved plant height, effective branching number, yield per plant, and thousand-grain weight of winter oilseed rape, surpassing the effects of individual treatments. Structural equation modeling revealed that mixed spraying enhanced yield components through direct improvements in photosynthesis and indirect regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities. This study is the first to systematically evaluate the role of mixed spraying of SA and ABA in mitigating waterlogging stress and restoring yield and quality in winter oilseed rape. This approach effectively alleviates the adverse effects of waterlogging and provides a valuable reference for post-waterlogging management of other crops. These results hold significant implications for addressing the impacts of climate change and ensuring global food security.
作者机构：
[Wu, Jun; Peng, Yan; Liu, Bohan; Ye, Nenghui; Meng, Shuan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Jun; Peng, Yan; Liu, Bohan; Ye, Nenghui; Meng, Shuan] Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Jianchang] Yangzhou Univ, Key Lab Crop Genet & Physiol Jiangsu Prov, Yangzhou 225009, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Jianhua] Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Biol, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Jianhua] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Sch Life Sci, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ye, NH ; Zhang, JH ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Biol, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.;Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Sch Life Sci, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Both the filling and development of grain are key processes determining agriculture production and reproductive growth in rice. The processes of grain filling and endosperm development are crucial for the accumulation of major storage compounds in rice grains. This requires extensive remobilization of carbon reserves from source to sink and the precise regulation of sucrose-to-starch conversion. Both the developmental sequence of the panicle and environmental signals influence the carbon flow between the leaves, leaf sheath, stem, and spikelets during grain filling. This, in turn, affects endosperm development and the production of storage compounds. In this review, we synthesize recent insight into grain development in rice, focusing on the dynamic changes in phytohormones and how their homeostasis integrates developmental and environmental cues to control grain filling in the developing panicle. We also highlight recent advances in the genetic control of carbohydrate remobilization and the transcriptional regulatory networks governing carbohydrate metabolism and grain development in rice. The asynchronous initiation and imbalance in grain filling limit the full yield potential of cereal crops. The "superior/inferior spikelets" serve as a model system for understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying grain filling and development. Systematic research on carbohydrate flow and phytohormone crosstalk could enhance our understanding of optimizing yield production in cereal crops. Additionally, a thorough analysis of key genetic regulatory mechanisms can offer a genetic foundation and targets for precisely adjusting grain filling traits, ultimately aiding in the development of high-yield crop varieties.
摘要：
The application of bio-based controlled-release fertilizers is one of the sustainable methods for improving fertilizer effectiveness and reducing agricultural non-point source pollution. In this study, liquefied tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) stem (LTS) and castor oil were used as raw materials to prepare bio-based polyurethane coating (BPC). The BPC and biochar obtained through pyrolysis were coated on nitramine phosphorus to prepare bio-based double-coated controlled-release fertilizers (BDCRFs). The variables are the 3 %, 5 %, and 7 % BPC coating amounts and biochar from different sources (tobacco stem, fir wood and coconut shell were pyrolyzed at 500 ℃ under oxygen restriction) as components of BDCRFs. The results demonstrated that the excellent hydrophobicity (water contact angle = 138°) and lipophilicity (polyols contact angle = 30°) of tobacco stem biochar (TSB) was conducive to coupling with BPC to improve the controlled-release performance of BDCRFs. Column leaching test indicated the tobacco stem fertilizer (TSF) can achieve long-term controlled-release: with the coating rate of 3 %, 5 % and 7 %, TSF released 71 % ± 2 %, 66 % ± 2 % and 71 % ± 2 % of nutrients on 70, 84 and 124 days, respectively. Meanwhile, the kinetic analysis revealed that the nutrient release mechanism of BDCRFs followed the Ritger-Peppas model. Additionally, TSF with the excellent nutrient release performance were compared with conventional fertilizer (CF), nitramine phosphorus (NP), and no fertilizer (CK) in tobacco field experiments. The results indicated that the biomass, growth indexes and nutritional status of tobacco reached the highest under TSF-5 % treatment. Therefore, the nutrient release of BDCRFs matched the nutrient demand for tobacco growth, reducing the time and labor costs of topdressing and improving the nutrient utilization rate. Therefore, BDCRFs are considered as potential candidates for sustainable development of agriculture and the widespread development and application of controlled-release fertilizers.
The application of bio-based controlled-release fertilizers is one of the sustainable methods for improving fertilizer effectiveness and reducing agricultural non-point source pollution. In this study, liquefied tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) stem (LTS) and castor oil were used as raw materials to prepare bio-based polyurethane coating (BPC). The BPC and biochar obtained through pyrolysis were coated on nitramine phosphorus to prepare bio-based double-coated controlled-release fertilizers (BDCRFs). The variables are the 3 %, 5 %, and 7 % BPC coating amounts and biochar from different sources (tobacco stem, fir wood and coconut shell were pyrolyzed at 500 ℃ under oxygen restriction) as components of BDCRFs. The results demonstrated that the excellent hydrophobicity (water contact angle = 138°) and lipophilicity (polyols contact angle = 30°) of tobacco stem biochar (TSB) was conducive to coupling with BPC to improve the controlled-release performance of BDCRFs. Column leaching test indicated the tobacco stem fertilizer (TSF) can achieve long-term controlled-release: with the coating rate of 3 %, 5 % and 7 %, TSF released 71 % ± 2 %, 66 % ± 2 % and 71 % ± 2 % of nutrients on 70, 84 and 124 days, respectively. Meanwhile, the kinetic analysis revealed that the nutrient release mechanism of BDCRFs followed the Ritger-Peppas model. Additionally, TSF with the excellent nutrient release performance were compared with conventional fertilizer (CF), nitramine phosphorus (NP), and no fertilizer (CK) in tobacco field experiments. The results indicated that the biomass, growth indexes and nutritional status of tobacco reached the highest under TSF-5 % treatment. Therefore, the nutrient release of BDCRFs matched the nutrient demand for tobacco growth, reducing the time and labor costs of topdressing and improving the nutrient utilization rate. Therefore, BDCRFs are considered as potential candidates for sustainable development of agriculture and the widespread development and application of controlled-release fertilizers.
摘要：
To optimize the controlled release performance of polyurethane-coated fertilizers, cotton stalk biochar was incorporated on polyurethane films. Then, the effect of biochar loading positions (inner layer, middle layer, and outer layer) on the structural and functional attributes of the biochar polyurethane co-coatings fertilizer was systematically investigated. The findings reveal that the biochar loading position significantly influences the physicochemical properties of the fertilizer. Specifically, biochar incorporated on the outermost layer of the film (BPU-O) exhibits a dense coating with rough surface morphology and high hydrophobicity, thereby demonstrating optimal-controlled release performance. BPU-O demonstrates an initial release rate of merely 1.8%, with cumulative release amounts of 20.82% at 14 d, 53.03% at 28 d, and reaching 80% after 40 d. The exceptional-controlled release performance of BPU-O can be attributed to the oxygen-containing functional groups on cotton stalk biochar. These functional groups, particularly hydroxyl groups, react with residual isocyanates on the polyurethane surface, enhancing compactness and hydrophobicity through grafting and filling effects, thereby, effectively inhibiting water ingress into the core of the fertilizer. Consequently, this work demonstrates a significant role of biochar embedding in determining the efficacy of polyurethane-controlled release fertilizers, providing valuable guidance for advancement in high-efficiency-controlled release fertilizer.
摘要：
There are many factors affecting rice yield and quality during cultivation, including temperature, light, water, and fertilization, among which high temperature (HT) is one of the main factors affecting rice yield and quality. However, less is known about the effects and potential mechanisms of different durations of HT stress during the grain filling stage on grain quality. In this study, the differences in rice quality and starch rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA) characteristics of eight indica rice varieties under different high-temperature treatment times were studied by simulating high temperature in an artificial climate chamber. The prolonged duration of HT leads to an overall deterioration in the milling quality, appearance quality, and cooking quality of rice. The impact of HT duration on the starch RVA characteristics of rice is more complex and is mainly related to the varieties. Among them, the starch RVA characteristics of R313 were more stable. It is worth noting that there is a significant difference in the sensitivity of the appearance quality of 8XR274 and 5W0076 to HT duration, with 8XR272 being more sensitive and 5W0076 being the opposite. We selected these two varieties for transcriptome analysis after 14 days of HT treatment and found that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 8XR274 was significantly less than that in 5W0076. The DEGs of 8XR274 were mainly enriched in pathways related to carbohydrates, while 5W0076 was mainly enriched in pathways related to photosynthesis. Our study provides a new perspective on the molecular response and related genes of different rice varieties under high temperature, as well as the high-quality rice breeding under high temperature.
作者：
Yi Liang;Zhaofeng Yi;Wen Zhuang;Teng Peng;Gui Xiao;...
期刊：
水稻科学,2025年 ISSN：1672-6308
通讯作者：
Xionglun Liu
作者机构：
[Zhaofeng Yi; Yunkai Jin; Qiyuan Tang; Xionglun Liu; Jun Wu] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Jiaojun Xiong] Postdoctoral Innovation and Entrepreneurship Practice Base, Hunan Hongshuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yiyang 413119, China;[Wen Zhuang; Teng Peng; Gui Xiao] State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410128, China;[Qiyun Deng] Hunan Yuanchuang Super Rice Technology Co., Ltd., Liuyang 410323, China;[Bo Zhou] International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Metro Manila 1301, the Philippines
通讯机构：
[Xionglun Liu] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
In order to analyze the physiological regulation mechanisms associated with exogenous melatonin on rice blast, this study treated rice seedlings with different concentrations of melatonin (0, 20, 100, and 500 µmol/L) in order to investigate the growth characteristics, root morphology, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) content, and soluble protein content of rice seedlings. The results indicated that 100 µmol/L of melatonin exhibited a significant effect, improving the growth and antioxidant capacity of rice seedlings under rice blast fungus infection. The disease resistance level of rice seedlings against rice blast significantly decreased by 31.58% when compared to the 0 µmol/L melatonin treatment, while the plant height, stem base width, plant leaf area, total root length, aboveground dry weight, aboveground fresh weight, and underground fresh weight significantly increased by 8.72% to 91.38%. Treatment with 100 µmol/L of melatonin significantly increased catalase activities and soluble protein content, with respective increases of 94.99% and 31.14%. Simultaneously, the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide significantly decreased, reaching 18.65% and 38.87%, respectively. The gray relational grade analysis indicated that hydrogen peroxide content and resistance level exhibit the highest gray relational grades with melatonin concentration and, so, can be used to evaluate the effect of melatonin on the severity of rice blast fungus infection. Furthermore, the membership function analysis revealed that the 100 µmol/L melatonin treatment had the highest membership function value, indicating a significant improvement in the resistance of rice seedlings to rice blast disease. In conclusion, 100 µmol/L of melatonin enhances the resistance of rice seedlings to rice blast disease through promoting their growth and strengthening their antioxidant defenses. This study provides new insights into the tolerance mechanisms of rice seedlings against rice blast disease.
摘要：
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy soils poses substantial environmental and health risks, particularly in regions where rice is a dietary staple. Modified biochar (MBC) has been identified as a promising approach for mitigating Cd accumulation in rice; however, the comparative effectiveness of different modifications relative to unmodified biochar (UMBC) remains insufficiently quantified. This meta-analysis integrates data from 1164 paired observations across 51 studies to assess the influence of MBC on Cd accumulation in brown rice. The findings indicate that MBC reduces Cd accumulation by 27.6 %, primarily by limiting root uptake and restricting translocation to grains. Notably, biochar modified with calcium, iron-manganese, iron-calcium, bacterial inoculants, and minerals exhibited significant Cd reduction, whereas silicon and alkaline modifications had minimal effects. The most effective Cd reduction was observed with 1–3 % biochar application at pH 7–9 under flooded conditions, with the medium-season rice crop showing the most pronounced response. These findings provide critical insights into the selection of effective biochar modifications and the development of practical, cost-efficient remediation strategies for Cd-contaminated rice paddies.
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy soils poses substantial environmental and health risks, particularly in regions where rice is a dietary staple. Modified biochar (MBC) has been identified as a promising approach for mitigating Cd accumulation in rice; however, the comparative effectiveness of different modifications relative to unmodified biochar (UMBC) remains insufficiently quantified. This meta-analysis integrates data from 1164 paired observations across 51 studies to assess the influence of MBC on Cd accumulation in brown rice. The findings indicate that MBC reduces Cd accumulation by 27.6 %, primarily by limiting root uptake and restricting translocation to grains. Notably, biochar modified with calcium, iron-manganese, iron-calcium, bacterial inoculants, and minerals exhibited significant Cd reduction, whereas silicon and alkaline modifications had minimal effects. The most effective Cd reduction was observed with 1–3 % biochar application at pH 7–9 under flooded conditions, with the medium-season rice crop showing the most pronounced response. These findings provide critical insights into the selection of effective biochar modifications and the development of practical, cost-efficient remediation strategies for Cd-contaminated rice paddies.
摘要：
N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) modification involves the addition of a methyl group to the nitrogen atom at position six of adenine in RNA. It is the most prevalent type of dynamic internal RNA methylation modification, plays an important role in plant development and abiotic stress. The m 6 A modification is facilitated by m 6 A writers (m 6 A methyltransferases), m 6 A erasers (m 6 A demethylation enzymes), and m 6 A readers (m 6 A methylated reading proteins). In order to study the characterization and expression of m 6 A methyltransferases and demethylases in Brassica napus (rapeseed), we used five methyltransferases and two demethylases from Arabidopsis thaliana as reference sequences. A total of 34 methyltransferases and 12 demethylases were identified in B. napus, B. oleracea , and B. rapa . We analyzed the physicochemical properties, gene structures, conserved domains, chromosome localization, and expression pattern across all tissues, as well as the effects of hormone and stress treatments on B. napus . Our findings revealed that the methyltransferase BnaHAKAI was highly expressed during the late stages of seed development. It may be related to the synthesis of oil content and seed size in the later stage of seed growth. In contrast, the demethylase BnaALKBH10B exhibited high expression primarily in the petals, followed by the pods, buds. This expression pattern may be associated with flower development and the timing of flowering. Furthermore, BnaALKBH10B primarily responded to abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, osmotic, cold, and freezing, as well as to hormones like jasmonic acid and gibberellins. The qRT-PCR results showed that BnaALKBH10B responded to freezing and salt stress. In summary, a total of 34 methyltransferases and 12 demethylases genes were identified in B. napus , B. oleracea , and B. rapa , and their phylogenetic relationships, structural domains, and expression patterns in tissues and under abiotic stress were comprehensively analyzed. This research will serve as a foundation for future studies on m 6 A in B. napus .
摘要：
Antimony (Sb) toxicity is a significant threat to crop production and humans. Its concentration is increasing in soil and water due to human activities which needs dire attention to address this challenge. Biochar is a promising amendment to remediate polluted soils, however, its role in mitigating the toxic impacts of Sb on plants is still unclear. Seaweed-based fertilizer (SBF) has shown appreciable results in improving plant performance, however, its role against metal/metalloids toxicity has not been studied yet. Therefore, this study tested the impacts of BC and SBF in mitigating the harmful effects of Sb on rice. The study was carried out with the following treatments; control, Sb stress (600 mg kg−1), Sb stress + biochar (2%), Sb stress + seaweed-based fertilizer (SBF: 2%), and Sb stress + BC (1%) and SBF (1%). The results showed that Sb toxicity adversely affected rice growth and productivity by impeding photosynthetic pigments, leaf relative water contents, increasing production of oxidative stress biomarkers (electrolyte leakage: EL, hydrogen peroxide: H2O2, malondialdehyde: MDA), and accumulation of Sb in plant parts. Contrarily, BC and SBF blends mitigated Sb-induced growth and yield damages in rice by improving photosynthetic efficiency, osmolyte synthesis, nutrient uptake, soil enzymatic activity, and antioxidant activities. Moreover, BC and SBF blend also reduced the bio-accessible Sb concentration (95.63%), bio-accessibility of Sb (25.40%), Sb transport coefficient (35.70%) and soil Sb antimony concentration (52.74%). Given these findings, the co-application of BC and SBF showed a profound improvement in rice yield by regulating photosynthetic performance, antioxidant activities, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant activities, and soil properties.
Antimony (Sb) toxicity is a significant threat to crop production and humans. Its concentration is increasing in soil and water due to human activities which needs dire attention to address this challenge. Biochar is a promising amendment to remediate polluted soils, however, its role in mitigating the toxic impacts of Sb on plants is still unclear. Seaweed-based fertilizer (SBF) has shown appreciable results in improving plant performance, however, its role against metal/metalloids toxicity has not been studied yet. Therefore, this study tested the impacts of BC and SBF in mitigating the harmful effects of Sb on rice. The study was carried out with the following treatments; control, Sb stress (600 mg kg−1), Sb stress + biochar (2%), Sb stress + seaweed-based fertilizer (SBF: 2%), and Sb stress + BC (1%) and SBF (1%). The results showed that Sb toxicity adversely affected rice growth and productivity by impeding photosynthetic pigments, leaf relative water contents, increasing production of oxidative stress biomarkers (electrolyte leakage: EL, hydrogen peroxide: H2O2, malondialdehyde: MDA), and accumulation of Sb in plant parts. Contrarily, BC and SBF blends mitigated Sb-induced growth and yield damages in rice by improving photosynthetic efficiency, osmolyte synthesis, nutrient uptake, soil enzymatic activity, and antioxidant activities. Moreover, BC and SBF blend also reduced the bio-accessible Sb concentration (95.63%), bio-accessibility of Sb (25.40%), Sb transport coefficient (35.70%) and soil Sb antimony concentration (52.74%). Given these findings, the co-application of BC and SBF showed a profound improvement in rice yield by regulating photosynthetic performance, antioxidant activities, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant activities, and soil properties.
作者：
Chen, Z. F.;Liu, W.;Ding, J. B.;Chen, K. M.;Lu, C.;...
期刊：
Russian Journal of Plant Physiology,2025年72(1):1-10 ISSN：1021-4437
通讯作者：
Deng, XH;Chen, KM
作者机构：
[Zhao, A. J.; Xiong, C. L.; Long, D. B.; Zeng, W. A.; Chen, J.; Chen, Z. F.; Zhong, Y. F.; Lu, C.] Changsha Tobacco Corp Hunan Prov, Changsha 410011, Peoples R China.;[Ding, J. B.; Liu, W.] Yongzhou Tobacco Corp Hunan Prov, Yongzhou 425000, Peoples R China.;[Deng, X. H.] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Chen, K. M.; Chen, KM] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Bast Fiber Crops, Changsha 410205, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Deng, XH ] H;[Chen, KM ] C;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Bast Fiber Crops, Changsha 410205, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Nicotiana tabacum;waterlogging stress;photosynthetic capacity;superoxide dismutase;leaf color parameters;hemical composition of leaf
摘要：
Waterlogging stress reduces the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). At present, there is a lack of attention on the effects of waterlogging stress on the upper leaves of tobacco during the late-maturing stage. Here, we conducted pot experiments to analyze the changes of the physio-biochemical characteristics and the quality of tobacco leaves at the late-maturing stage on waterlogging conditions. The results showed that waterlogging decreased root vitality by 9.03 to 75.94%. Waterlogging stress significantly weakened the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, photosynthetic pigment content, and phototynthetic performance, while it significantly increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in tobacco leaves. The contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine, and potassium in tobacco leaves sharply decreased, whereas the total nitrogen content increased by 6.25-77.58%. The leaf color indexes, including lightness (L* value), redness (a* value), yellowish (b* value), saturation (c* value) and SPAD value were risen by waterlogging stress. Waterlogging for 12 h had minimal impact on physio-biochemical characteristics of tobacco roots and leaves, while significant changes were observed when waterlogging stress for more than 24 h. This study increases the knowledge of the effects of waterlogging stress on the physio-biochemical characteristics of upper leaves in tobacco at the late-maturing stage, as well as the evaluation of tobacco leaf quality, which provides reference for water management measures on tobacco at the late-maturing stage.
作者机构：
[Li, Huayang; Dai, Zhanwu; Fan, Peige; Zhang, Yuyu; Wang, Yongjian; Wang, Zemin; Wang, Yi; Kong, Junhua; Dai, ZW; Henke, Michael; Liang, Zhenchang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Plant Divers & Specialty Crops, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China.;[Li, Huayang; Dai, Zhanwu; Fan, Peige; Zhang, Yuyu; Wang, Yongjian; Wang, Zemin; Wang, Yi; Kong, Junhua; Dai, ZW; Henke, Michael; Liang, Zhenchang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing Key Lab Grape Sci & Enol, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China.;[Li, Huayang; Dai, Zhanwu; Fan, Peige; Zhang, Yuyu; Wang, Yongjian; Wang, Zemin; Wang, Yi; Kong, Junhua; Dai, ZW; Liang, Zhenchang] China Natl Bot Garden, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China.;[Li, Huayang; Dai, Zhanwu; Fan, Peige; Zhang, Yuyu; Wang, Yongjian; Wang, Zemin; Wang, Yi; Kong, Junhua; Dai, ZW; Liang, Zhenchang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;[Carbonell-Bejerano, Pablo] Univ La Rioja, Consejo Super Invest Cient, Inst Ciencias La Vid & Del Vino ICVV, Gobierno La Rioja, Logrono 26007, Spain.
通讯机构：
[Dai, ZW; Liang, ZC ] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Plant Divers & Specialty Crops, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing Key Lab Grape Sci & Enol, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China.;China Natl Bot Garden, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China.;Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
关键词：
200K axiom SNP array;association mapping;fine mapping;haplotype analysis;high-throughput phenotyping;NAC08
摘要：
Investigating the genetic architecture of important agronomic traits in grapevine, like berry quality and resilience to abiotic stress, has been hampered by bottlenecks in genotyping and phenotyping. To address these limitations, this study aimed to develop innovative tools to unravel the complex polygenic genomic architecture of these traits. Specifically, a high-density 200K single nucleotide polymorphism array is developed and validated its effectiveness by genotyping 471 accessions from three F(1) breeding populations. A high-throughput grape phenotyping tool is developed to accurately capture berry color, shape, and size. By integrating data from the two platforms, associated loci are identified over three growing seasons. Association mapping and haplotype analysis identified novel loci and candidate genes for berry shape (bHLH017), soluble sugars (ACT), and organic acids (ALMT1 and FUSC2), as well as vine cold tolerance (NAC08), and fine-mapped the flower sex determination locus. Furthermore, the functional role of NAC08 is validated, demonstrating that it activates the expression of a raffinose synthase gene, thereby increasing raffinose levels and conferring cold tolerance. Together, these augmented tools, the integrated data, and novel loci establish a better foundation for trait aggregation that will enhance breeding efficiency and boost the development of high-quality grape varieties.
通讯机构：
[Luo, W ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Black tea residue;Catalytic pyrolysis;Bimetallic catalysis;Heterotopic catalysis
摘要：
The valorization of biowaste like tea residues through catalytic pyrolysis is critical for advancing circular bioeconomy, yet challenges remain in achieving efficient co-production of high-quality liquid fuels and clean energy gases. For the first time, the catalytic pyrolysis of black tea residue over ZSM-5-supported Cu-Co catalysts was systematically investigated, demonstrating a sustainable approach to simultaneously produce aromatic hydrocarbon-rich liquid oil and methane-enriched hydrogen through an eco-friendly process. Bimetallic Cu-Co catalysts significantly enhanced the quality of pyrolysis products compared to monometallic systems. Catalysts with varying Cu-Co/ZSM-5 ratios were synthesized via impregnation, and their impacts on phase product distribution, elemental migration, and reaction mechanisms were elucidated. Results revealed that Cu-Co synergistically promoted decarboxylation and aromatization, with the Cu/Co ratio of 1:0 catalyst maximizing aromatic hydrocarbon content (71.3 %). The Cu/Co ratio of 2:1 formulation achieved 97 % C₁–C₂₀ compounds in bio-oil, demonstrating superior catalytic activity for hydrocarbon upgrading. At a 1:1 catalyst/biomass ratio, combined H₂ and CH₄ yields peaked at 83 %, representing a 41 % increase over the non-catalyzed control. The Cu-only system exhibited exceptional hydrogen selectivity (65 % yield). This work establishes Cu-Co/ZSM-5 as a dual-functional catalyst enabling concurrent optimization of liquid fuel properties and energy gas output, with 89 % carbon recovery efficiency. By converting tea residues into aromatics-rich oil (32.7 wt%) and methane-enhanced syngas (48.1 wt%), the process achieves 93 % biomass utilization while reducing oxygenated compounds by 67 %. These findings provide a scalable strategy for industrial-scale biorefineries to valorize agricultural wastes, aligning with sustainable development goals for resource circularity and carbon neutrality.
The valorization of biowaste like tea residues through catalytic pyrolysis is critical for advancing circular bioeconomy, yet challenges remain in achieving efficient co-production of high-quality liquid fuels and clean energy gases. For the first time, the catalytic pyrolysis of black tea residue over ZSM-5-supported Cu-Co catalysts was systematically investigated, demonstrating a sustainable approach to simultaneously produce aromatic hydrocarbon-rich liquid oil and methane-enriched hydrogen through an eco-friendly process. Bimetallic Cu-Co catalysts significantly enhanced the quality of pyrolysis products compared to monometallic systems. Catalysts with varying Cu-Co/ZSM-5 ratios were synthesized via impregnation, and their impacts on phase product distribution, elemental migration, and reaction mechanisms were elucidated. Results revealed that Cu-Co synergistically promoted decarboxylation and aromatization, with the Cu/Co ratio of 1:0 catalyst maximizing aromatic hydrocarbon content (71.3 %). The Cu/Co ratio of 2:1 formulation achieved 97 % C₁–C₂₀ compounds in bio-oil, demonstrating superior catalytic activity for hydrocarbon upgrading. At a 1:1 catalyst/biomass ratio, combined H₂ and CH₄ yields peaked at 83 %, representing a 41 % increase over the non-catalyzed control. The Cu-only system exhibited exceptional hydrogen selectivity (65 % yield). This work establishes Cu-Co/ZSM-5 as a dual-functional catalyst enabling concurrent optimization of liquid fuel properties and energy gas output, with 89 % carbon recovery efficiency. By converting tea residues into aromatics-rich oil (32.7 wt%) and methane-enhanced syngas (48.1 wt%), the process achieves 93 % biomass utilization while reducing oxygenated compounds by 67 %. These findings provide a scalable strategy for industrial-scale biorefineries to valorize agricultural wastes, aligning with sustainable development goals for resource circularity and carbon neutrality.
摘要：
The ubiquitination pathway is extensively involved in regulation of plant biological processes, such as growth, development, disease resistance, and so on. Our previous study showed that the Arabidopsis U-box protein PUB13 regulates plant cell death, immunity and development. Here, we report that the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of PUB13 is required for PUB13 regulating plant size, flowering time, and immunity based on the biological processes analysis on PUB13 enzyme activity loss mutant. Further, we identified a Copine protein BON1 interacting with PUB13, and it was ubiquitinated by PUB13. Interestingly, knock out of BON1 in pub13 mutant further strengthens its phenotypes of retarded growth and early flowering. In addition, knock out of BON1 further enhanced resistance of pub13 to biotrophic pathogen. On the contrary, pub13bon1 double mutant was more susceptible to necrotrophic pathogen compared to pub13 and bon1 single mutants. The synergy effect between PUB13 and BON1 also existed in aspect of regulating pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). These results indicate that the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity is required for PUB13 regulating biological functions, and BON1 synergistically interacts with PUB13 to regulate plant growth, flowering, and immunity in Arabidopsis.
摘要：
Due to the lack of resistant germplasm, sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by S. sclerotiorum (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) has become the most destructive disease in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production. Nanobiotechnology has recently been considered as a sustainable approach for crop protection by reducing pesticide use. In this study, a novel blue-green fluorescent nanocomplex derived from licorice and wolfberry (LW-NCs) was synthesized and characterized, exhibiting stronger antioxidant activity compared with licorice or wolfberry extracts alone. LW-NCs promoted the growth of rapeseed seedlings without affecting photosynthesis efficiency. In vitro antifungal assays revealed that LW-NCs significantly inhibited the growth of S. sclerotiorum at a concentration of 200 ppm. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses demonstrated that foliar application of LW-NCs increased the JA content and the activities of SOD and CAT in rapeseed, ultimately enhancing the tolerance of rapeseed to S. sclerotiorum. In addition, toxicity experiments have demonstrated that LW-NCs possess excellent biocompatibility. These results indicated that the application of LW-NCs can not only improve the disease resistance of rapeseed, but also help reduce the harm of pesticides to human health, ensuring the safety of them for agricultural applications.
Due to the lack of resistant germplasm, sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by S. sclerotiorum (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) has become the most destructive disease in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production. Nanobiotechnology has recently been considered as a sustainable approach for crop protection by reducing pesticide use. In this study, a novel blue-green fluorescent nanocomplex derived from licorice and wolfberry (LW-NCs) was synthesized and characterized, exhibiting stronger antioxidant activity compared with licorice or wolfberry extracts alone. LW-NCs promoted the growth of rapeseed seedlings without affecting photosynthesis efficiency. In vitro antifungal assays revealed that LW-NCs significantly inhibited the growth of S. sclerotiorum at a concentration of 200 ppm. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses demonstrated that foliar application of LW-NCs increased the JA content and the activities of SOD and CAT in rapeseed, ultimately enhancing the tolerance of rapeseed to S. sclerotiorum. In addition, toxicity experiments have demonstrated that LW-NCs possess excellent biocompatibility. These results indicated that the application of LW-NCs can not only improve the disease resistance of rapeseed, but also help reduce the harm of pesticides to human health, ensuring the safety of them for agricultural applications.
摘要：
Antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to human health, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, we analyze the antibiotic resistomes of 226 activated sludge samples from 142 WWTPs across six continents, using a consistent pipeline for sample collection, DNA sequencing and analysis. We find that ARGs are diverse and similarly abundant, with a core set of 20 ARGs present in all WWTPs. ARG composition differs across continents and is distinct from that of the human gut and the oceans. ARG composition strongly correlates with bacterial taxonomic composition, with Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria being the major carriers. ARG abundance positively correlates with the presence of mobile genetic elements, and 57% of the 1112 recovered high-quality genomes possess putatively mobile ARGs. Resistome variations appear to be driven by a complex combination of stochastic processes and deterministic abiotic factors. Wastewater treatment plants are important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, the authors analyze ARGs in a global collection of samples from wastewater treatment plants across six continents, providing insights into biotic and abiotic mechanisms that appear to control ARG diversity and distribution.
摘要：
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the four major oilseed crops in the world and is rich in fatty acids. Changes in the fatty acid composition affect the quality of rapeseed. Fatty acids play various roles in plants, but the functions of the genes involved in the fatty acid composition during plant development remain unclear. β-Ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) is a key enzyme involved in the elongation of fatty acids. Various types of fatty acid products are used to build lipid molecules, such as oils, suberin, wax, and membrane lipids. In B. napus, BnaKCSA8 and BnaKCSC3 belong to the KCS family, but their specific functions remain unclear. This study cloned BnaKCSA8 and BnaKCSC3 from Brassica napus L. and analyzed their functions. The gene structures of BnaKCSA8 and BnaKCSC3 were similar and they were localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In yeast, overexpression of BnaKCSA8 increased the ratios of palmitoleic acid and oleic acid, while BnaKCSC3 decreased the ratios of oleic acid. In Arabidopsis, overexpression of BnaKCSA8 and BnaKCSC3 lead to an increase in the proportion of linoleic acid and a decrease in the erucic acid. In summary, BnaKCSA8 and BnaKCSC3 altered the composition ratios of fatty acids. These findings lay the foundation for an understanding of the role of KCS in the fatty acids in rapeseed, potentially improving its health and nutritional qualities.
