作者机构：
[Lingqiong Song; Zhihui Liu; Qiyuan Tang; Min Huang; Jiana Chen; Weiqing Wang; Huabin Zheng] College of Agronomy, Hunan agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Yuanwei Chen] Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
通讯机构：
[Weiqing Wang; Huabin Zheng] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
Carbon pool management index;Grain yield;Labile organic carbon;Ratoon rice
摘要：
Integrated crop and soil management measures have proven effective in enhancing crop yields and resource use efficiency, although the impacts on soil carbon pools and related microbial diversity remain unclear. In this study, we compared rice yield and soil properties between a local ratoon rice farming practice model without organic fertilizer application (FP) with an improved farming practice model (IFP) based on integrated management practices, including a > 20 % increase in planting density, 30 % increase in panicle fertilization, and application of 1.8 t/ha of organic fertilizer, in Hunan Province, China. The 5-year average annual rice grain yield was 32.0 % higher in the IFP (13.3 t/ha) than in the FP. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content was nonsignificantly higher by 9.2 % in the IFP (22.4 g/kg) than in the FP; furthermore, the labile organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon contents were 10.7 g/kg and 45.5 mg/kg, respectively, in the IFP, significantly higher than those of the FP and N-free control. The carbon pool management index in the IFP was 191.4 in 2022 and 132.9 in 2023, and was significantly higher by 95.0 % ( P < 0.05) than in the FP; the carbon pool activity and carbon pool activity index were similarly improved in the IFP. The average microbial biomass carbon in the IFP was 179.3 mg/kg, but did not differ significantly among the IFP, FP, and control. The bacterial and fungal Chao1 indexes were 5.6 % and 13.3 % higher, respectively, in the IFP (Chao1 for bacteria: 5252.5; fungi: 2291.5) than in the FP. The bacterial and fungal abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) indexes were 7.2 % and 13.3 % higher, respectively, in the IFP (ACE for bacteria: 5871.5; fungi: 2530.4) than in the FP; however, there was no significant difference between the IFP and FP ( P > 0.05). These results support the efficacy of integrated agronomic measures in greatly increasing rice grain yield while supporting soil fertility through enhancing carbon pools and related microbial diversity. As modern ratoon rice production becomes increasingly mechanized, such measures will become easy to adopt.
Integrated crop and soil management measures have proven effective in enhancing crop yields and resource use efficiency, although the impacts on soil carbon pools and related microbial diversity remain unclear. In this study, we compared rice yield and soil properties between a local ratoon rice farming practice model without organic fertilizer application (FP) with an improved farming practice model (IFP) based on integrated management practices, including a > 20 % increase in planting density, 30 % increase in panicle fertilization, and application of 1.8 t/ha of organic fertilizer, in Hunan Province, China. The 5-year average annual rice grain yield was 32.0 % higher in the IFP (13.3 t/ha) than in the FP. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content was nonsignificantly higher by 9.2 % in the IFP (22.4 g/kg) than in the FP; furthermore, the labile organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon contents were 10.7 g/kg and 45.5 mg/kg, respectively, in the IFP, significantly higher than those of the FP and N-free control. The carbon pool management index in the IFP was 191.4 in 2022 and 132.9 in 2023, and was significantly higher by 95.0 % ( P < 0.05) than in the FP; the carbon pool activity and carbon pool activity index were similarly improved in the IFP. The average microbial biomass carbon in the IFP was 179.3 mg/kg, but did not differ significantly among the IFP, FP, and control. The bacterial and fungal Chao1 indexes were 5.6 % and 13.3 % higher, respectively, in the IFP (Chao1 for bacteria: 5252.5; fungi: 2291.5) than in the FP. The bacterial and fungal abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) indexes were 7.2 % and 13.3 % higher, respectively, in the IFP (ACE for bacteria: 5871.5; fungi: 2530.4) than in the FP; however, there was no significant difference between the IFP and FP ( P > 0.05). These results support the efficacy of integrated agronomic measures in greatly increasing rice grain yield while supporting soil fertility through enhancing carbon pools and related microbial diversity. As modern ratoon rice production becomes increasingly mechanized, such measures will become easy to adopt.
作者机构：
[Bingqian Zhou] College of Agriculture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China;Hunan Branch of National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center, Changsha 410128, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Changsha 410128, China;Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.;[Chunyun Guan] College of Agriculture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Branch of National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Mei Guan] C;College of Agriculture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Branch of National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Background: Raffinose synthase (RFS) plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, as well as in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, its functions in Brassica napus remain poorly understood. Methods: To investigate the characteristics of the RFS gene family in B. napus (rapeseed), five Arabidopsis thaliana RFS gene sequences were used as references to identify thirteen RFS genes in B. napus, four in Brassica rapa, and six in Brassica oleracea. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, including molecular characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, conserved protein motifs, gene structures, and chromosomal localization. Results: BnaC02G0100500ZS was selected as a candidate gene due to its unique expression profile. Sequence alignment identified it as BnaRFS6, and subcellular localization revealed that its encoded protein is localized in the mitochondria. Overexpression of BnaRFS6 in rapeseed significantly affected the soluble sugar and starch content in the stalks, resulting in increased levels of fructose, glucose, and raffinose, and a decreased starch content. Conclusions: These findings highlight the role of BnaRFS6 in enhancing sugar metabolism in B. napus, particularly in relation to fructose, glucose, and raffinose accumulation. Understanding its potential function provides a foundation for improving the sugar content and taste of rapeseed stalks through genetic engineering in the future.
摘要：
Miscanthus is a promising perennial lignocellulosic crop for biomass production. To avoid competing with arable land used for food crops to promote carbon neutrality, cultivating Miscanthus on marginal land, especially in saline soils in China, is a recommended strategy. However, the adaptability of Miscanthus species in saline soil remains largely unknown. In this study, a total of 354 genotypes, including Miscanthus sinensis, Miscanthus floridulus, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Miscanthus lutarioriparius and interspecific species hybrids derived from M. sinensis and M. lutarioriparius , were evaluated under different planting times (May and August), salinity levels (low and moderate) and pest damage assessment by Helicoverpa armigera in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), in China. The significant effects of planting time on the adaptability of Miscanthus were observed. Planting in May in the YRD, Miscanthus had a lower establishment survival rate (28.76%) and overwintering rate (72.31%), but a dry weight higher than that of planting in August. In contrast, planting in August in the YRD had a very high establishment survival rate (91.14%) and overwintering rate (80.65%), which indicated August was the optimal month for planting Miscanthus in the YRD, while May could be suitable for screening salinity tolerance in Miscanthus . In addition, using the overall adaptability score calculated by establishment survival, overwintering ability, key agronomic traits and pest damage assessments to evaluate all genotypes in this study indicated that the adaptability of M. lutarioriparius was superior to other species. However, M. lutarioriparius is more sensitive to pest damage than others. Furthermore, interspecific hybrids in Miscanthus exhibited outstanding biomass production and adaptability in this region, indicating that creating hybrids would be the best breeding strategy for marginal lands. These results provide an important theoretical basis for the development of Miscanthus in saline soil in the YRD, China.
摘要：
The application of bio-based controlled-release fertilizers is one of the sustainable methods for improving fertilizer effectiveness and reducing agricultural non-point source pollution. In this study, liquefied tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) stem (LTS) and castor oil were used as raw materials to prepare bio-based polyurethane coating (BPC). The BPC and biochar obtained through pyrolysis were coated on nitramine phosphorus to prepare bio-based double-coated controlled-release fertilizers (BDCRFs). The variables are the 3 %, 5 %, and 7 % BPC coating amounts and biochar from different sources (tobacco stem, fir wood and coconut shell were pyrolyzed at 500 ℃ under oxygen restriction) as components of BDCRFs. The results demonstrated that the excellent hydrophobicity (water contact angle = 138°) and lipophilicity (polyols contact angle = 30°) of tobacco stem biochar (TSB) was conducive to coupling with BPC to improve the controlled-release performance of BDCRFs. Column leaching test indicated the tobacco stem fertilizer (TSF) can achieve long-term controlled-release: with the coating rate of 3 %, 5 % and 7 %, TSF released 71 % ± 2 %, 66 % ± 2 % and 71 % ± 2 % of nutrients on 70, 84 and 124 days, respectively. Meanwhile, the kinetic analysis revealed that the nutrient release mechanism of BDCRFs followed the Ritger-Peppas model. Additionally, TSF with the excellent nutrient release performance were compared with conventional fertilizer (CF), nitramine phosphorus (NP), and no fertilizer (CK) in tobacco field experiments. The results indicated that the biomass, growth indexes and nutritional status of tobacco reached the highest under TSF-5 % treatment. Therefore, the nutrient release of BDCRFs matched the nutrient demand for tobacco growth, reducing the time and labor costs of topdressing and improving the nutrient utilization rate. Therefore, BDCRFs are considered as potential candidates for sustainable development of agriculture and the widespread development and application of controlled-release fertilizers.
The application of bio-based controlled-release fertilizers is one of the sustainable methods for improving fertilizer effectiveness and reducing agricultural non-point source pollution. In this study, liquefied tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) stem (LTS) and castor oil were used as raw materials to prepare bio-based polyurethane coating (BPC). The BPC and biochar obtained through pyrolysis were coated on nitramine phosphorus to prepare bio-based double-coated controlled-release fertilizers (BDCRFs). The variables are the 3 %, 5 %, and 7 % BPC coating amounts and biochar from different sources (tobacco stem, fir wood and coconut shell were pyrolyzed at 500 ℃ under oxygen restriction) as components of BDCRFs. The results demonstrated that the excellent hydrophobicity (water contact angle = 138°) and lipophilicity (polyols contact angle = 30°) of tobacco stem biochar (TSB) was conducive to coupling with BPC to improve the controlled-release performance of BDCRFs. Column leaching test indicated the tobacco stem fertilizer (TSF) can achieve long-term controlled-release: with the coating rate of 3 %, 5 % and 7 %, TSF released 71 % ± 2 %, 66 % ± 2 % and 71 % ± 2 % of nutrients on 70, 84 and 124 days, respectively. Meanwhile, the kinetic analysis revealed that the nutrient release mechanism of BDCRFs followed the Ritger-Peppas model. Additionally, TSF with the excellent nutrient release performance were compared with conventional fertilizer (CF), nitramine phosphorus (NP), and no fertilizer (CK) in tobacco field experiments. The results indicated that the biomass, growth indexes and nutritional status of tobacco reached the highest under TSF-5 % treatment. Therefore, the nutrient release of BDCRFs matched the nutrient demand for tobacco growth, reducing the time and labor costs of topdressing and improving the nutrient utilization rate. Therefore, BDCRFs are considered as potential candidates for sustainable development of agriculture and the widespread development and application of controlled-release fertilizers.
作者机构：
[Sheng Chen; Zhangzhen Yang; Zhixiong Yuan; Liusheng Zhong; Ziyuan Zhao; Yu Wang; Cuo Ga; Jiarui Tang; Yaoyun Xu; Yanfu Zeng; Cong Yu] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China;Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.;These authors contributed equally to this work.;[Qiwen Hou; Pufan Shao] These authors contributed equally to this work.<&wdkj&>College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Ying Xu] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
rice cropping system;cover crop incorporation;biomass accumulation;nitrogen use efficiency;nitrogen remobilization;sustainable rice production
摘要：
This study evaluated the effects of winter green manure incorporation on grain yield, nitrogen uptake, and use efficiency in ratoon rice production. A two-year field experiment (2019–2021) was conducted using a split-plot design, with main plots comprising three cropping systems: fallow–ratoon rice (FA), rapeseed–ratoon rice (RA), and milk vetch–ratoon rice (MV). In the RA and MV systems, green manures were incorporated in situ, while subplots featured two ratoon rice varieties (Yliangyou 911, YLY911; Liangyou 6326, LY6326). Compared to FA treatment, RA and MV treatments significantly increased main crop yields by 16.37% and 9.31%, respectively, with corresponding annual total yield improvements of 11.34% and 7.78%. Under RA treatment, LY6326 achieved significantly higher yields than YLY911. Biomass accumulation analysis revealed that RA and MV treatments enhanced plant dry matter by 24.40% and 5.63% at heading stage, and 9.83% and 7.47% at maturity, respectively, relative to FA treatment. Green manure incorporation improved plant nitrogen content at maturity (9.42% and 10.29% for RA and MV, respectively) and panicle nitrogen accumulation (11.73% and 38.26%, respectively) compared to fallow treatment. Nitrogen use efficiency metrics demonstrated that RA and MV treatments enhanced nitrogen harvest index by 1.54% and 5.65%, respectively, while nitrogen partial factor productivity increased by 11.34% and 7.78%. Varietal comparison confirmed that LY6326 exhibited superior nitrogen accumulation and utilization compared to YLY911. These findings demonstrate that winter green manure incorporation significantly enhances grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in ratoon rice systems, providing a scientific foundation for developing sustainable and productive rice cropping practices.
期刊：
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE,2025年16:1654232 ISSN：1664-462X
作者机构：
[Yao, Jiatong; Deng, Zhehong; Cao, Xiaolan] College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;[Wang, Wei; Cui, Guoxian; She, Wei] College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;[Fu, Hongyu] Hunan Cultivated Land and Agricultural Eco-Environment Institute,, Changsha, China;[Shuaibin, Wang; Wang, Dong] Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd,, Changsha, China
关键词：
UAV remote sensing;3D point cloud;deep learning;phenotypic trait extraction;stem-leaf segmentation
摘要：
Accurate acquisition of tobacco phenotypic traits is crucial for growth monitoring, cultivar selection, and other scientific management practices. Traditional manual measurements are time-consuming and labor-intensive, making them unsuitable for large-scale, high-throughput field phenotyping. The integration of 3D reconstruction and stem-leaf segmentation techniques offers an effective approach for crop phenotypic data acquisition. In this study, we propose a tobacco phenotyping method that combines unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing with an improved PointNet++ model. First, a 3D point-cloud dataset of field-grown tobacco plants was generated using multi-view UAV imagery. Next, the PointNet++ architecture was enhanced by incorporating a Local Spatial Encoding (LSE) module and a Density-Aware Pooling (DAP) module to improve the accuracy of stem and leaf segmentation. Finally, based on the segmentation results, an automated pipeline was developed to compute key phenotypic traits, including plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf number, and internode length. Experimental results demonstrated that the improved PointNet++ model achieved an overall accuracy (OA) of 95.25% and a mean intersection over union (mIoU) of 93.97% for tobacco plant segmentation-improvements of 5.12% and 5.55%, respectively, over the original PointNet++ model. Moreover, using the segmentation results from the improved PointNet++ model, the predicted phenotypic values exhibited strong agreement with ground-truth measurements, with coefficients of determination (R² ) ranging from 0.86 to 0.95 and root mean square errors (RMSE) between 0.31 and 2.27 cm. This study provides a technical foundation for high-throughput phenotyping of tobacco and presents a transferable framework for phenotypic analysis in other crops.
摘要：
Crop rotation patterns have important effects on crop growth and disease occurrence, but there is a lack of understanding of how crop root systems and inter-root environments affect the bacterial communities involved in plant disease resistance under different crop rotation patterns. In this study, two crop rotation patterns, tobaccorice (TR) and tobacco-maize (TM), were set up in a tobacco growing region of southern China, and the differences in soil bacterial communities and the mechanisms of their influence on the occurrence of tobacco diseases were investigated under the two rotation patterns. The results showed that the disease incidence rate of tobacco under TR crop rotation was low, only 4.92 %, while the incidence rate under TM crop rotation was as high as 34.44 %. The bacterial genera affecting the disease incidence of tobacco were identified through microbial network and correlation analysis, and a total of 12 genera were identified as significantly correlated with the disease incidence rate of tobacco in the soil layers of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. Of these, four genera (Acidothermus, Chujaibacter, Rhodanobacter, and Nitrospira) were significantly and negatively correlated with the incidence rate, and also more abundant in the bacterial community of TR. Soil nitrogen nutrients and pH were the main soil factors influencing the differences in bacterial communities between the two rotation patterns. Partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) analysis revealed that the key bacterial taxa directly influenced the disease incidence of tobacco in both the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers. Interestingly, the key bacterial taxa were directly influenced by soil nutrients in the 0-10 cm soil layer and by the tobacco root system in the 10-20 cm soil layer. In summary, nitrogen-rich nutrients and well-developed plant root systems are conducive to shaping soil bacterial communities with disease-resistant properties, reducing the disease incidence of tobacco. This study also provides new research perspectives for sustainable agricultural development and crop disease control.
摘要：
There are many factors affecting rice yield and quality during cultivation, including temperature, light, water, and fertilization, among which high temperature (HT) is one of the main factors affecting rice yield and quality. However, less is known about the effects and potential mechanisms of different durations of HT stress during the grain filling stage on grain quality. In this study, the differences in rice quality and starch rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA) characteristics of eight indica rice varieties under different high-temperature treatment times were studied by simulating high temperature in an artificial climate chamber. The prolonged duration of HT leads to an overall deterioration in the milling quality, appearance quality, and cooking quality of rice. The impact of HT duration on the starch RVA characteristics of rice is more complex and is mainly related to the varieties. Among them, the starch RVA characteristics of R313 were more stable. It is worth noting that there is a significant difference in the sensitivity of the appearance quality of 8XR274 and 5W0076 to HT duration, with 8XR272 being more sensitive and 5W0076 being the opposite. We selected these two varieties for transcriptome analysis after 14 days of HT treatment and found that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 8XR274 was significantly less than that in 5W0076. The DEGs of 8XR274 were mainly enriched in pathways related to carbohydrates, while 5W0076 was mainly enriched in pathways related to photosynthesis. Our study provides a new perspective on the molecular response and related genes of different rice varieties under high temperature, as well as the high-quality rice breeding under high temperature.
摘要：
The work reports the anomalous lattice shrinkage phenomenon in a Cr3+‐activated β‐Al2O3 structure phosphor. The relevant reason can be ascribed to the distinct variation of covalency of chemical bonds, thus improving phosphors‘ optical properties. Furthermore, the relationship between the preferential occupation of Cr3+ and the unique spectral properties are discussed and the existence of Cr3+–Cr3+ coupling pairs is revealed. Abstract β‐Al2O3 phosphors show good optical properties for highly symmetric lattices and dense frameworks. Here, an abnormal lattice shrinkage phenomenon is found in BaMg1‐xZnxAl9.8O17: Cr3+ (BM1‐xZxA: Cr3+) phosphors, which can be attributed to the variation in the covalency of the chemical bond. Accordingly, the denser crystal structure caused by the abnormal shrinkage improves the luminescent intensity (67%↑) and the thermal stability (69%→76%@150 °C). Internal/external quantum efficiency (IQE/EQE) of BZA: 0.2Cr3+ reaches 95% and 52.7%, respectively. In addition, the preferential occupation of the Cr3+ ion is discussed through the crystal field strength calculation, low‐temperature spectra, and fluorescent lifetime. The unique spectrum of the phosphor derives from the occupation of Cr3+ on the octahedral sites (Al4 and Al1) and the formation of Cr3+‐Cr3+ coupling pairs. Finally, the high matching rate between the absorption curve of plant pigment Pfr and the EL spectrum of the as‐prepared pc‐LED expresses that it can be applied in plant lighting.
摘要：
As a vital agricultural management strategy, straw returning enhances soil fertility and promotes crop growth. Tobacco straw shows promise as an organic amendment for soil improvement; however, its impact on soil microbial diversity and community structure remains unclear. This investigation focused on the effects of tobacco straw on the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure of healthy tobacco and black shank tobacco, utilizing high-throughput sequencing technology. The results indicated that the abundance and diversity of microbial communities decreased following the addition of tobacco straw. In terms of community structure, the abundance of species such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas increased after the addition of tobacco straw, potentially inhibiting the onset of black shank disease. Conversely, the abundances of Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, and Fusarium decreased following straw addition. Random forest model analysis revealed that the most representative genera in the healthy tobacco rhizosphere soil were Acidibacter and Luteimonas, while Herbinix served as the corresponding biomarker in the black shank tobacco rhizosphere soil.
作者机构：
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.;[Juan Li] Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;Crop Raw Material Guarantee Innovation Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;These authors contributed equally to this work.;[Yufei Li] These authors contributed equally to this work.<&wdkj&>Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Xinyu Hu; Guanghui Chen] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Crop Raw Material Guarantee Innovation Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
This study compared the decomposition effects of different microbial agents added to rice straw to screen for efficient and stable microbial agents and achieve effective utilization of rice straw resources. Different microbial agents can accelerate the decomposition of rice straw. The E4/E6 value of rice straw added with the Bacillus subtilis agent was significantly lower than that of rice straw added with other microbial agents on the 30th day. The lignin degradation rates for the Bacillus subtilis agent and Trichoderma viride agent treatments were higher than those of the other treatments from the 5th to 30th days. After adding the Bacillus subtilis agent for 30 days, the degradation rates of hemicellulose and cellulose in rice straw were higher than others, reaching 33.62% and 41.31%, respectively. Through principal component analysis and grey relational analysis, it was determined that the C/N ratio, organic carbon, E4/E6 value, conductivity value, and pH value are important evaluation indicators for the maturity promotion effect. Using the membership function analysis method, it was found that the Bacillus subtilis agent had the best overall performance in straw decomposition. This research provides a new viewpoint for the efficient utilization of straw resources.
期刊：
Field Crops Research,2025年333:110087 ISSN：0378-4290
通讯作者：
Cheng Huang
作者机构：
[Qiwen Hou; Jinbiao Xiang; Mutian Gao; Pufan Shao; Sheng Chen] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China;Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, PR China;[Ying Xu; Zhiqiang Fu; Pan Long; Cheng Huang] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China<&wdkj&>Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, PR China
通讯机构：
[Cheng Huang] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China<&wdkj&>Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, PR China
摘要：
Context The ratoon rice (RR) system is increasingly recognized as an important rice-based cropping strategy for ensuring food security in China. Incorporating green manure through crop rotation is widely practiced to improve soil quality and increase rice yields. However, its effects on crop growth, soil quality, and the sustainability of the RR system are still not well understood.
The ratoon rice (RR) system is increasingly recognized as an important rice-based cropping strategy for ensuring food security in China. Incorporating green manure through crop rotation is widely practiced to improve soil quality and increase rice yields. However, its effects on crop growth, soil quality, and the sustainability of the RR system are still not well understood.
Objective This study aimed to evaluate crop characteristics and soil physicochemical and biological indicators, and to assess RR system performance using the soil quality index area ( SQI ∼ area ) and the sustainability index (SI).
This study aimed to evaluate crop characteristics and soil physicochemical and biological indicators, and to assess RR system performance using the soil quality index area ( SQI ∼ area ) and the sustainability index (SI).
Methods A two-year field experiment (2019–2021) was carried out to examine the effects of green manure application with two RR varieties (YLY911 and LY6326) under three rotation scenarios: fallow-RR (FA), rapeseed-RR (RA), and milk vetch-RR (MV), where rapeseed and milk vetch were incorporated into the soil in situ.
A two-year field experiment (2019–2021) was carried out to examine the effects of green manure application with two RR varieties (YLY911 and LY6326) under three rotation scenarios: fallow-RR (FA), rapeseed-RR (RA), and milk vetch-RR (MV), where rapeseed and milk vetch were incorporated into the soil in situ.
Results Compared with the FA treatment, both RA and MV treatments significantly improved RR growth, nitrogen uptake, grain yield, soil nutrient content, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen levels. On average across years, seasons, and varieties, RA and MV increased SQI ∼ area by 39.10 % and 70.41 % in the 0–10 cm soil layer, and by 37.78 % and 63.65 % in the 10–20 cm layer, respectively. Similarly, SI increased by 20.38 % and 33.93 % in the 0–10 cm layer, and by 24.40 % and 37.74 % in the 10–20 cm layer. Under MV treatment, LY6326 showed higher system sustainability than YLY911. Partial least squares path modeling analysis further revealed that green manure had significant direct positive effects on soil total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved organic nitrogen, and microbial nitrogen indicators in the 0–10 cm layer, and mainly affected TDN and DIN in the 10–20 cm layer. These improvements enhanced soil quality and system sustainability, thereby indirectly increasing grain yield.
Compared with the FA treatment, both RA and MV treatments significantly improved RR growth, nitrogen uptake, grain yield, soil nutrient content, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen levels. On average across years, seasons, and varieties, RA and MV increased SQI ∼ area by 39.10 % and 70.41 % in the 0–10 cm soil layer, and by 37.78 % and 63.65 % in the 10–20 cm layer, respectively. Similarly, SI increased by 20.38 % and 33.93 % in the 0–10 cm layer, and by 24.40 % and 37.74 % in the 10–20 cm layer. Under MV treatment, LY6326 showed higher system sustainability than YLY911. Partial least squares path modeling analysis further revealed that green manure had significant direct positive effects on soil total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved organic nitrogen, and microbial nitrogen indicators in the 0–10 cm layer, and mainly affected TDN and DIN in the 10–20 cm layer. These improvements enhanced soil quality and system sustainability, thereby indirectly increasing grain yield.
Conclusions Green manure improved soil quality and system sustainability in RR fields by increasing dissolved and microbial nitrogen levels, which indirectly enhanced yield. The combination of milk vetch and the LY6326 variety showed the greatest benefit.
Green manure improved soil quality and system sustainability in RR fields by increasing dissolved and microbial nitrogen levels, which indirectly enhanced yield. The combination of milk vetch and the LY6326 variety showed the greatest benefit.
Significance The combination of milk vetch green manure and the LY6326 variety offers an effective strategy to improve soil health and productivity in RR systems.
The combination of milk vetch green manure and the LY6326 variety offers an effective strategy to improve soil health and productivity in RR systems.
作者机构：
[Yu Haipeng; Chen Mingxue; Zhang Weixing; Li Huijuan; Huang Guanrong; Huang Zengying; Tang Lu; Yang Pengfei; Zhong Zhengzheng; Hu Guocheng] State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311410, China;[Zhong Kaizhen] Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;[Zhang Zhen] Pudong New District Agro-Technology Extension Center, Shanghai 201201, China;[Yu Guoping] National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China;[Wu Dezhi] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Wu Dezhi] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Jie, YC; Xing, HC ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Ramie Res Inst, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Grass Crop Germpla, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
oilseed rape;waterlogging stress;salicylic acid;abscisic acid;yield per plant
摘要：
Winter oilseed rape is particularly vulnerable to waterlogging stress during its growth and development stages, especially at the podding stage, leading to impaired photosynthesis, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, and significant declines in yield and oil content. Previous studies have demonstrated that exogenous plant growth regulators, such as salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA), enhance crop resistance to abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, their combined application for winter oilseed rape recovery under waterlogging stress remains underexplored. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of SA, ABA, and their combination on the growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity, and yield of winter oilseed rape at the podding stage following waterlogging stress. The results showed that mixed spraying of SA and ABA significantly improved plant height, effective branching number, yield per plant, and thousand-grain weight of winter oilseed rape, surpassing the effects of individual treatments. Structural equation modeling revealed that mixed spraying enhanced yield components through direct improvements in photosynthesis and indirect regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities. This study is the first to systematically evaluate the role of mixed spraying of SA and ABA in mitigating waterlogging stress and restoring yield and quality in winter oilseed rape. This approach effectively alleviates the adverse effects of waterlogging and provides a valuable reference for post-waterlogging management of other crops. These results hold significant implications for addressing the impacts of climate change and ensuring global food security.
摘要：
To optimize the controlled release performance of polyurethane-coated fertilizers, cotton stalk biochar was incorporated on polyurethane films. Then, the effect of biochar loading positions (inner layer, middle layer, and outer layer) on the structural and functional attributes of the biochar polyurethane co-coatings fertilizer was systematically investigated. The findings reveal that the biochar loading position significantly influences the physicochemical properties of the fertilizer. Specifically, biochar incorporated on the outermost layer of the film (BPU-O) exhibits a dense coating with rough surface morphology and high hydrophobicity, thereby demonstrating optimal-controlled release performance. BPU-O demonstrates an initial release rate of merely 1.8%, with cumulative release amounts of 20.82% at 14 d, 53.03% at 28 d, and reaching 80% after 40 d. The exceptional-controlled release performance of BPU-O can be attributed to the oxygen-containing functional groups on cotton stalk biochar. These functional groups, particularly hydroxyl groups, react with residual isocyanates on the polyurethane surface, enhancing compactness and hydrophobicity through grafting and filling effects, thereby, effectively inhibiting water ingress into the core of the fertilizer. Consequently, this work demonstrates a significant role of biochar embedding in determining the efficacy of polyurethane-controlled release fertilizers, providing valuable guidance for advancement in high-efficiency-controlled release fertilizer.
摘要：
In humans, cadmium (Cd) toxicity caused by contaminated environments is associated with numerous chronic diseases. Breeding rice with low Cd accumulation is now deemed critical for sustainable agriculture development. Here, we elucidate the crucial functions of UCLACYANIN 23 (UCL23), a small copper protein, in Cd absorption, tolerance, and accumulation through modulation of reactive oxygen signals in rice. Additionally, we demonstrate that WRKY51 binds to promoters of UCL23 and miR528, a post-transcriptional regulator of UCL23 , thereby contributing to Cd regulation in a dual-modulatory manner. Furthermore, we show that the natural variation of UCL23 is important for the differential accumulation of Cd in rice grains. Finally, we reveal that Indica rice harboring the major Japonica haplotype of UCL23 significantly reduces Cd uptake in roots and Cd accumulation in grains. Together, our study not only reveals a regulatory cascade in Cd regulation but also provides valuable resources for breeding low-Cd rice cultivars.
In humans, cadmium (Cd) toxicity caused by contaminated environments is associated with numerous chronic diseases. Breeding rice with low Cd accumulation is now deemed critical for sustainable agriculture development. Here, we elucidate the crucial functions of UCLACYANIN 23 (UCL23), a small copper protein, in Cd absorption, tolerance, and accumulation through modulation of reactive oxygen signals in rice. Additionally, we demonstrate that WRKY51 binds to promoters of UCL23 and miR528, a post-transcriptional regulator of UCL23 , thereby contributing to Cd regulation in a dual-modulatory manner. Furthermore, we show that the natural variation of UCL23 is important for the differential accumulation of Cd in rice grains. Finally, we reveal that Indica rice harboring the major Japonica haplotype of UCL23 significantly reduces Cd uptake in roots and Cd accumulation in grains. Together, our study not only reveals a regulatory cascade in Cd regulation but also provides valuable resources for breeding low-Cd rice cultivars.
期刊：
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE,2025年16:1630992 ISSN：1664-462X
作者机构：
[Gai, Pan Pan; Sun, Xin; Chen, Jing Hong; Yang, Sheng De; Ren, Fei Mao; Liu, Lei; Wang, Qin Wei; Zheng, Bin Hua; Tang, Yuan Qi] School of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;[Chen, Wei Yuan] Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
Based on 'forage-grain ratoon rice', the planting pattern of high grain yield of ratoon crop (RC), supplemented by fodder, can be regulated by cutting time and stubble height. In 2021 and 2022, using Xiangliangyou 900 as the experimental material, field trials were conducted to investigate the differences in yield formation of regenerated tillers from different nodal positions under varying cutting times (10 d and 30 d after heading) and stubble heights (10 cm and 30 cm). The results showed that,the average grain yield of T10 was 80.48% higher than that of T30, while the average grain yield of H30 was 21.77% higher than that of H10. Analysis revealed that the higher yield of T10 was attributed to the panicle m -2 and grain filling, while the higher yield of H30 was attributed to the panicle m -2 . Analysis revealed that the panicle m -2 and grain filling of regenerated tillers at different nodes in T10 were higher than those in T30, while the yield performance of regenerated tillers at different nodes in H was more complex. Further analysis revealed that under the H30 treatment, grain yield generally followed the order D4 > D3 > D2, with D3 and D4 contributing approximately 84.80% of the total yield on average. In contrast, under the H10 treatment, D3 exhibited higher yield than D4, with D3 contributing approximately 58.05% of the total yield. Notably, the D3 yield under H10 was higher than that under H30, while D4 showed the opposite trend. Reasonable cutting time and stubble height are important ways to increase the yield of the ratoon season.
作者机构：
[Tan, Jinjuan; Zhou, Zhongjing; Feng, Hanqian; Niu, Yujie; Liu, Fangyu; Deng, Zhiping] Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310021, China;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128, China;College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang 050024, China;[Zhang, Jiateng; Zhang, Ruikai] Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310021, China<&wdkj&>College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang 050024, China;[Chen, Zhongkai] Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310021, China<&wdkj&>College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Zhiping Deng] K;Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310021, China
摘要：
Fruit ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has been extensively studied at the transcriptomics level. However, comprehensive profiling of the tomato fruit proteome and phosphoproteome remains limited. In this study, we performed large-scale proteome and phosphoproteome profiling of tomato (Ailsa Craig) fruits across five ripening stages using tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics. Our analysis quantified over 8800 proteins and 20,000 high-confidence phosphorylation sites. Ripening-associated phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events were identified in diverse ripening regulators, including transcription factors, ethylene biosynthesis and signaling proteins, and epigenetic modifiers. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed a tetratricopeptide repeat protein, REDUCED CHLOROPLAST COVERAGE 1a (REC1a), as a key regulator of fruit ripening. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM)-based targeted proteomic analysis validated the expression profiles of REC1a and its three phosphorylation sites. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated knockout of REC1a resulted in reduced lycopene accumulation and slower chlorophyll degradation, highlighting its role in the chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition, which is critical for fruit pigmentation during ripening. Quantitative proteomic analyses of rec1a mutants demonstrated reduced levels of Clp proteases and chaperones, proteins known to regulate plastid transitions. Additionally, co-immunoprecipitation and split-luciferase complementation assays revealed that REC1a interacts with the eukaryotic translation initiation factor subunits eIF2α and eIF2Bβ, suggesting its role in regulating protein synthesis during ripening. This study provides the most comprehensive quantitative proteome and phosphoproteome atlas of tomato fruits to date and identifies REC1a as a novel regulator of plastid development, offering new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit ripening.
