Identification of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms in allopolyploid crop Brassica napus
作者：
Huang, Shunmou;Deng, Linbin;Guan, Mei;Li, Jiana;Lu, Kun;...
期刊：
BMC Genomics ,2013年14(1):1-10 ISSN：1471-2164
通讯作者：
Liu, Shengyi
作者机构：
[Wang, Hanzhong; Huang, Shunmou; Deng, Linbin; Hua, Wei; Liu, Shengyi] Chinese Acad Sci, Oil Crops Res Inst, Key Lab Biol & Genet Improvement Oil Crops, Minist Agr, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Guan, Mei] Hunan Agr Univ, Natl Oilseed Crop Improvement Ctr, Oilseed Crop Inst, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Jiana; Lu, Kun] Southwest Univ, Coll Agron & Biotechnol, Chongqing Rapeseed Technol Res Ctr,Minist Agr, Chongqing Key Lab Crop Qual Improvement,Key Lab B, Chongqing 400716, Peoples R China.;[Fu, Donghui] Jiangxi Agr Univ, Agron Coll, Key Lab Crop Physiol Ecol & Genet Breeding, Minist Educ, Nanchang 330045, Peoples R China.;[Mason, Annaliese S.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Integrat Legume Res, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Shengyi] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Oil Crops Res Inst, Key Lab Biol & Genet Improvement Oil Crops, Minist Agr, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Brassica napus;Allopolyploid;Resequencing;Genotyping;GoldenGate;Non-synonymous SNP
摘要：
Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common type of genetic variation. Identification of large numbers of SNPs is helpful for genetic diversity analysis, map-based cloning, genome-wide association analyses and marker-assisted breeding. Recently, identifying genome-wide SNPs in allopolyploid Brassica napus (rapeseed, canola) by resequencing many accessions has become feasible, due to the availability of reference genomes of Brassica rapa (2n = AA) and Brassica oleracea (2n = CC), which are the progenitor species of B. napus (2n = AACC). Although many SNPs in B. napus have been released, the objective in the present study was to produce a larger, more informative set of SNPs for large-scale and efficient genotypic screening. Hence, short-read genome sequencing was conducted on ten elite B. napus accessions for SNP discovery. A subset of these SNPs was randomly selected for sequence validation and for genotyping efficiency testing using the Illumina GoldenGate assay. Results: A total of 892,536 bi-allelic SNPs were discovered throughout the B. napus genome. A total of 36,458 putative amino acid variants were located in 13,552 protein-coding genes, which were predicted to have enriched binding and catalytic activity as a result. Using the GoldenGate genotyping platform, 94 of 96 SNPs sampled could effectively distinguish genotypes of 130 lines from two mapping populations, with an average call rate of 92%. Conclusions: Despite the polyploid nature of B. napus, nearly 900,000 simple SNPs were identified by whole genome resequencing. These SNPs were predicted to be effective in high-throughput genotyping assays (51% polymorphic SNPs, 92% average call rate using the GoldenGate assay, leading to an estimated >450 000 useful SNPs). Hence, the development of a much larger genotyping array of informative SNPs is feasible. SNPs identified in this study to cause non-synonymous amino acid substitutions can also be utilized to directly identify causal genes in association studies. © 2013 Huang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
语种：
英文
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Identification of heat-sensitive QTL derived from common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.)
作者：
Lei, Dongyang;Tan, Lubin;Liu, Fengxia;Chen, Liyun;Sun, Chuanqing*
期刊：
Plant Science ,2013年201-202(1):121-127 ISSN：0168-9452
通讯作者：
Sun, Chuanqing
作者机构：
[Tan, Lubin; Lei, Dongyang; Liu, Fengxia; Sun, Chuanqing] China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Plant Physiol & Biochem, Natl Ctr Evaluat Agr Wild Plants Rice, Beijing Key Lab Crop Genet Improvement,Dept Plant, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Lei, Dongyang; Chen, Liyun] Hunan Agr Univ, Inst Rice Res, Changsha 40128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Sun, Chuanqing] C;China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Plant Physiol & Biochem, Natl Ctr Evaluat Agr Wild Plants Rice, Beijing Key Lab Crop Genet Improvement,Dept Plant, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Common wild rice;Heat response;Introgression lines;Physiological characteristics;QTL
摘要：
Understanding the responses of rice plants to heat-stress is a challenging, yet crucial, endeavor. A set of introgression lines was previously developed using an advanced backcrossing strategy that involved the elite indica cultivar Teqing as the recipient and an accession of common wild rice (Oryza rufipongon Griff.) as the donor. In this study, we evaluated the responses of 90 of these previously developed introgression lines to heat stress. Five quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to heat response were detected. The phenotypic variances explained by these QTLs ranged from 6.83% to 14.63%, and O. rufipogon-derived alleles at one locus reduced sensitivity to heat. A heat-sensitive introgression line, YIL106, was identified and characterized. Genotypic analysis demonstrated that YIL106 contained four introgressed segments derived from O. rufipongon and two QTLs (qHTS1-1 and qHTS3) related to heat response. Physiological tests, including measurements of chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde content, and soluble sugar content, were consistent with the heat sensitivity observed in YIL106. Ultrastructural analysis of YIL106 mesophyll cells showed that they were severely damaged following heat stress. This suggests that modification of the cell membrane system is a primary response to heat stress in plants. Identification and characterization of the heat-sensitive line YIL106 may facilitate the isolation of genes associated with the response of rice plants to heat stress.
语种：
英文
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Water Use Efficiency and Physiological Response of Rice Cultivars under Alternate Wetting and Drying Conditions
作者：
Zhang, Yunbo;Tang, Qiyuan* ;Peng, Shaobing;Xing, Danying;Qin, Jianquan;...
期刊：
The Scientific World Journal ,2012年2012:287907 ISSN：2356-6140
通讯作者：
Tang, Qiyuan
作者机构：
[Zhang, Yunbo; Qin, Jianquan; Tang, Qiyuan] Hunan Agr Univ, Crop Physiol Ecol & Prod Ctr CPEP, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Yunbo; Xing, Danying] Yangtze Univ, Coll Agr, Jinzhou 434025, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Shaobing] Huazhong Agr Univ, CPPC, MOA Key Lab Crop Physiol Ecol & Cultivat Middle R, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Laza, Rebecca C.; Punzalan, Bermenito R.] IRRI, Crop & Environm Sci Div, Manila, Philippines.
通讯机构：
[Tang, Qiyuan] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Crop Physiol Ecol & Prod Ctr CPEP, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
One of the technology options that can help farmers cope with water scarcity at the field level is alternate wetting and drying (AWD). Limited information is available on the varietal responses to nitrogen, AWD, and their interactions. Field experiments were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) farm in 2009 dry season (DS), 2009 wet season (WS), and 2010 DS to determine genotypic responses and water use efficiency of rice under two N rates and two water management treatments. Grain yield was not significantly different between AWD and continuous flooding (CF) across the three seasons. Interactive effects among variety, water management, and N rate were not significant. The high yield was attributed to the significantly higher grain weight, which in turn was due to slower grain filling and high leaf N at the later stage of grain filling of CF. AWD treatments accelerated the grain filling rate, shortened grain filling period, and enhanced whole plant senescence. Under normal dry-season conditions, such as 2010 DS, AWD reduced water input by 24.5% than CF; however, it decreased grain yield by 6.9% due to accelerated leaf senescence. The study indicates that proper water management greatly contributes to grain yield in the late stage of grain filling, and it is critical for safe AWD technology. © 2012 Yunbo Zhang et al.
语种：
英文
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Molecular Mapping of the Blast Resistance Genes Pi2-1 and Pi51(t) in the Durably Resistant Rice 'Tianjingyeshengdao'
作者：
Wang, Yue;Wang, Dan;Deng, Xiaojuan;Liu, Jinling;Sun, Pingyong;...
期刊：
PHYTOPATHOLOGY ,2012年102(8):779-786 ISSN：0031-949X
通讯作者：
Wang, Guo-Liang
作者机构：
[Wang, Guo-Liang; Wang, Yue] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;[Sun, Pingyong; Wang, Dan; Huang, Hongmei; Xiao, Yinghui; Jiang, Nan; Liu, Jinling; Liu, Xionglun; Liu, Yang; Dai, Liangying; Deng, Xiaojuan; Liu, Erming; Wang, Yue; Wang, Zhilong] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Crop Germplasm Innovat & Utili, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Pingyong; Wang, Dan; Huang, Hongmei; Xiao, Yinghui; Jiang, Nan; Liu, Jinling; Liu, Xionglun; Liu, Yang; Dai, Liangying; Deng, Xiaojuan; Liu, Erming; Wang, Yue; Wang, Zhilong] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Ning, Yuese; Kang, Houxiang] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Guo-Liang] O;Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
摘要：
'Tianjingyeshengdao' (TY) is a rice cultivar with durable resistance to populations of Magnaporthe oryzae (the causal agent of blast) in China. To understand the genetic basis of its resistance to blast, we developed a population of recombinant inbred lines from a cross between TY and the highly susceptible 'CO39' for gene mapping analysis. In total, 22 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling rice blast resistance were identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, and 12 from the evaluation of four disease parameters in both greenhouse and blast nursery conditions. Among these QTLs, 19 were contributed by TY and three by CO39. Two QTL clusters on chromosome 6 and 12 were named Pi2-1 and Pi51(t), respectively. Pi2-1 was detected under both growth chamber and natural blast nursery conditions, and explained 31.24 to 59.73% of the phenotypic variation. Pi51(t) was only detected in the natural blast nursery and explained 3.67 to 10.37% of the phenotypic variation. Our results demonstrate that the durable resistance in TY is controlled by two major and seven minor genes. Identification of the markers linked to both Pi2-1 and Pi51(t) in this study should be useful for marker-aided selection in rice breeding programs as well as for molecular cloning of the identified resistance genes. © 2012 The American Phytopathological Society.
语种：
英文
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Draft Genome Sequence of Brevibacillus brevis Strain X23, a Biocontrol Agent against Bacterial Wilt
作者：
Chen, Wu;Wang, Yunsheng;Li, Dingjun;Li, Lin;Xiao, Qiming;...
期刊：
Journal of Bacteriology ,2012年194(23):6634-6635 ISSN：0021-9193
通讯作者：
Zhou, Qingming
作者机构：
[Zhou, Qingming; Chen, Wu; Li, Lin] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Dingjun; Wang, Yunsheng; Xiao, Qiming] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosafety Sci & Technol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Dingjun] Hunan Radio & TV Univ, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhou, Qingming] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Brevibacillus brevis X23 is an appropriate biocontrol agent against bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. We report herein the draft genome sequence (6,566,879 bp) and a circular plasmid (6,600 bp) of B. brevis X23, data which may be helpful for mining the antagonistic activity against R. solanacearum.
语种：
英文
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双季稻田CH_4和N_2O排放特征及品种筛选研究
作者：
傅志强;朱华武;陈灿;黄璜
期刊：
环境科学 ,2012年33(7):2475-2481 ISSN：0250-3301
作者机构：
[傅志强; 朱华武; 陈灿; 黄璜] 湖南农业大学农学院;农业部多熟制作物栽培学与耕作学重点开放实验室
关键词：
水稻;排放特征;品种选择;增温潜势
摘要：
通过大田小区实验,采用静止箱-气相色谱法对早晚两季水稻品种CH4与N2O排放通量进行了观测.结果表明,早稻CH4排放季节变化呈单峰模式,N2O排放呈双峰模式;晚稻CH4与N2O排放季节变化均呈单峰模式.CH4、N2O季节平均排放通量品种间均存在显著差异(P<0.05).早稻品种CH4、N2O季节平均排放通量极差分别为0.58 mg.(m2.h)-1、5.89μg.(m2.h)-1,晚稻为4.06 mg.(m2.h)-1、5.70μg.(m2.h)-1;早稻品种温室气体排放的增温潜势、单位产量增温潜势极差分别为2.92 kg.hm-2、0.097 kg.kg-1,晚稻分别为2 256 kg.hm-2、0.28 kg.kg-1.增温潜势、单位产量增温潜势比较,常规稻>超级杂交稻>杂交稻.早稻无水稻种植区CH4、N2O季节排放通量分别是水稻种植区的27.1%~31.8%、33.6%~88.3%;晚稻分别是23.8%~28.8%、38.6%~45.3%.早稻适宜种植品种为陆两优819、金优402、湘早籼24号,晚稻品种为岳优9113、湘晚籼12号.
语种：
中文
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Microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes between Brassica napus strains with high- and low-oleic acid contents
作者：
Guan, Mei;Li, Xun;Guan, Chunyun*
期刊：
Plant Cell Reports ,2012年31(5):929-943 ISSN：0721-7714
通讯作者：
Guan, Chunyun
作者机构：
[Guan, Chunyun; Li, Xun; Guan, Mei] Hunan Agr Univ, Oilseed Crop Res Inst, Natl Oilseed Crop Improvement Ctr, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Guan, Chunyun] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Oilseed Crop Res Inst, Natl Oilseed Crop Improvement Ctr, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Microarray;Oleic acid;Linoleic acid;Brassica napus
摘要：
An increase in oleic acid (C18:1) content is a desirable trait. Despite the critical roles of the two desaturases, FAD2 and FAD3, in the control of fatty acid desaturation, a dispute remains over whether inactivation of their genes alone is sufficient enough to generate the high-oleic trait. To address this question, we employed microarray technology to investigate the difference in gene expression profile between two different Brassica napus strains with high-C18:1 (71.71%) and low-C18:1 (55.6%) contents, respectively. Our study revealed 562 differentially expressed genes, of which 194 genes were up-regulated and 368 down-regulated. Based on the Gene Ontology classification, these genes were classified into 23 functional categories. Three of the up-regulated genes represent B. napus homologs of Arabidopsis genes encoding a cytosolic isoform of pyruvate kinase (AT3G55810), Δ9 acyl-lipid desaturase (AT1G06080, ADS1) and fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase B (AT1G08510), respectively. Conversely, the homologs of two Arabidopsis sequences encoding Δ9 acyl-lipid desaturase (AT2G31360, ADS2) and FAD3 desaturase (AT2G29980) were down-regulated in the high-oleic acid strain. Furthermore, 60 differentially expressed genes were classified as associated with relevant Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Collectively, our results suggest that expressing the high-oleic acid trait may require a coordinated regulation of diverse regulatory and metabolic gene networks in addition to inactivation of the FAD2 and FAD3 genes in the oilseed. A set of the differentially expressed genes identified in this study will facilitate our efforts to tap the germplasms with the potential to express the high-oleic acid trait.
语种：
英文
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联会复合体的组成、功能及遗传控制
作者：
谢文军;史典义;蔡泽熙;陈晓阳;金危危
期刊：
遗传 ,2012年34(2):167-176 ISSN：0253-9772
通讯作者：
Xie, W.J.
作者机构：
[谢文军; 史典义; 蔡泽熙; 金危危] 中国农业大学;[陈晓阳] 湖南农业大学农学院
通讯机构：
China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,
关键词：
联会复合体;同源匹配;配对;重组;减数分裂;不育
摘要：
在多数有性生殖生物中,减数分裂第一次分裂前期同源染色体间会形成一种复杂的超级蛋白结构--联会复合体(Synaptonemalcomplex,SC)。该结构与同源染色体间的配对、联会、交换、分离等过程密切相关。若其出现异常,将可导致性母细胞大量凋亡,宏观上即表现为生物个体不育。近年来,该结构已成为减数分裂研究领域的一个热点,但其控制机理至今所知还十分有限。文章对联会复合体的组成、功能及其遗传控制等情况进行概述,并对其未来的研究进行探讨和展望。
语种：
中文
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退化红壤丘陵区森林凋落物初始化学组成与分解速率的关系
作者：
陈法霖;江波;张凯;郑华;肖燚;...
期刊：
应用生态学报 ,2011年22(3):565-570 ISSN：1001-9332
通讯作者：
Chen, F.-L.
作者机构：
[肖燚; 陈法霖; 郑华; 江波; 欧阳志云; 张凯] State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;[屠乃美] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Chen, F.-L.] S;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, , Beijing 100085, China
关键词：
森林凋落物;化学组成;凋落物分解速率;红壤丘陵区
摘要：
通过小盆+凋落袋控制试验,研究了我国南方退化红壤丘陵区8种森林凋落物和4种混合凋落物初始化学组成与分解速率的关系.结果表明:阔叶凋落物中的氮、磷、钾、镁含量显著高于针叶凋落物,木质素、碳含量显著低于针叶凋落物;凋落物分解速率与凋落物初始氮、磷、钾、镁含量呈显著正相关,与凋落物初始碳、木质素含量以及木质素/氮、木质素/磷和碳/磷值呈显著负相关;木质素含量解释了凋落物分解速率变异的54.3%,是影响分解速率的最关键因子,凋落物碳、氮、磷含量也与分解速率密切相关,它们与木质素含量一起可解释分解速率变异的81.4%.在退化红壤丘陵区植被恢复过程中,低木质素含量、高氮磷含量的阔叶物种的引入有利于加速凋落物的分解速率和土壤肥力的恢复进程.
语种：
中文
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Differential pathogenicity of two different recombinant PVYNTN isolates in Physalis floridana is likely determined by the coat protein gene
作者：
Hu, Xinxi;Nie, Xianzhou* ;He, Changzheng;Xiong, Xingyao
期刊：
Virology Journal ,2011年8(1):1-5 ISSN：1743-422X
通讯作者：
Nie, Xianzhou
作者机构：
[Hu, Xinxi; Xiong, Xingyao; He, Changzheng] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Engn Res Ctr Potatoes, Coll Hort & Landscape, Hunan Prov Key Lab Crop Germplasm Innovat & Utili, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Nie, Xianzhou] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada.;[Nie, Xianzhou] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Ctr, POB 20280,850 Lincoln Rd, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada.
通讯机构：
[Nie, Xianzhou] A;Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Ctr, POB 20280,850 Lincoln Rd, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada.
关键词：
Symptom Formation;Veinal Necrosis;Stem Necrosis;Potato Tuber Necrotic Ringspot Disease;Necrosis Strain
摘要：
A previous study has identified two types of recombinant variants of Potato virus Y strain NTN (PVYNTN) in China and sequenced the complete genome of the variant PVYNTN-HN2. In this study, the complete genome of isolate PVYNTN-HN1 was fully sequenced and analyzed. The most striking difference between the two variants was the location of recombinant joint three (RJ3). In PVYNTN-HN1, like other typical European-PVYNTN isolates such as PVYNTN-Hun, the RJ3 was located at nucleotide (nt) 9183, namely the 3' proximal end of the CP gene (nt. 8571-9371), thus leading to most (the first 613 nucleotides from the 5' proximal end) of the CP gene (801 bp) with a PVYN origin and PVYN-serotype; whereas in contrast, the RJ3 in PVYNTN-HN2 was located at nt 8572, consequently leading to a CP gene of PVYO origin and PVYO-serotype. The varied genome composition among PVYO, PVYN, PVYN:O, PVYNTN-HN1 and PVYNTN-HN2 made them useful for the investigation of possible roles of gene segment(s) in symptom formation on host plants. When Physalis floridana plants were infected with different PVY isolates, two types of symptoms were induced. PVYN and PVYNTN-HN1 induced mild symptoms (mainly mild mottling) whereas PVYO, PVYN:O and PVYNTN-HN2 induced serve symptoms including leaf and stem necrosis, leaf-drop and stunting. These results, together with a previous study using artificial PVY chimeras, demonstrate that the CP gene, especially the 5' proximal segment (nt 8572-9183), and/or CP likely determine the pathogenicity of PVY in P. floridana.
语种：
英文
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开花期低温胁迫对水稻花粉性状及剑叶理化特性的影响
作者：
邓化冰;车芳璐;肖应辉;唐文帮;盘毅;...
期刊：
应用生态学报 ,2011年22(1):66-72 ISSN：1001-9332
通讯作者：
Deng, H.-B.
作者机构：
[盘毅; 唐文帮; 肖应辉; 车芳璐; 陈立云] Rice Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[刘志贤] Yuanlongping High-Tech Agriculture Co. Ltd., Changsha 410001, China;[邓化冰] Rice Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China, Yuanlongping High-Tech Agriculture Co. Ltd., Changsha 410001, China
通讯机构：
[Deng, H.-B.] R;Rice Research Institute, , Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
水稻;低温胁迫;花粉粒性状;理化特性;剑叶
摘要：
以耐冷水稻品种996和冷敏感品种4628为材料,开花期在人工气候室进行7d低温(06:00--8:00和19:00--23:00,19℃;08:00--10:00和16:00--19:00,21℃;10:00--16:00,23℃;23:00--06:00,17℃)和适温(06:00--8:00和19:00--23:00,24℃;08:00--10:00和16:00--19:00,26℃;10:00--16:00,30℃;23:00--06:00,22℃)处理,研究了低温胁迫对水稻花药开裂,花粉性状及剑叶叶绿素,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量,膜透性等理化特性的影响.结果表明:开花期低温胁迫导致水稻花药开裂系数,花粉萌发率显著下降,中部和下部颖花的不育花粉率增加.996的花药开裂系数和花粉萌发率显著高于4628,表明耐冷品种996在开花期低温胁迫下能保持较好的花粉散落特性和花粉萌发特性.低温胁迫下,996的剑叶可溶性蛋白质和游离脯氨酸含量及其增幅显著高于4628,而丙二醛含量和相对电导率及其增幅却显著低于4628,说明耐冷品种在低温胁迫下的保护性反应更迅速和强烈,其膜结构及功能更稳定
语种：
中文
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Constitutional tolerance to heavy metals of a fiber crop, ramie (Boehmeria nivea), and its potential usage
作者：
Yang, B.;Zhou, M.;Shu, W. S.;Lan, C. Y.;Ye, Z. H.* ;...
期刊：
Environmental Pollution ,2010年158(2):551-558 ISSN：0269-7491
通讯作者：
Ye, Z. H.
作者机构：
[Shu, W. S.; Lan, C. Y.; Zhou, M.; Ye, Z. H.; Yang, B.] Sun Yat Sen Zhongshan Univ, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Shu, W. S.; Lan, C. Y.; Zhou, M.; Ye, Z. H.; Yang, B.] Sun Yat Sen Zhongshan Univ, Sch Life Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Qiu, R. L.] Sun Yat Sen Zhongshan Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Qiu, R. L.] Sun Yat Sen Zhongshan Univ, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Environm Pollut Control &, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Jie, Y. C.] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Bast Fiber Crops, Changsha 410205, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ye, Z. H.] S;Sun Yat Sen Zhongshan Univ, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Constitutional tolerance;Heavy metals;Phytoremediation;Ramie
摘要：
It is observed that ramie (Boehmeria nivea), an economic fiber crop, can establish and colonize metal-contaminated sites in China. Metal tolerance and accumulation by ramie originating from 13 metal-contaminated and 4 "clean" sites in China were compared under field and hydroponic conditions. All selected populations and germplasms displayed good growth performance under diverse metal-contaminated habitats; while growth responses, metal accumulation and tolerance were similar among the 8 populations and 2 germplasms when exposed to solutions containing elevated As, Cd, Pb, or Zn in the laboratory. These revealed that ramie possesses a certain degree of constitutional metal tolerance. To our knowledge, this is the first report of constitutional metal tolerance possessed by a fiber crop. Ramie can be considered as a good candidate for both fiber production and phytoremediation of sites contaminated by multi-metals, as it accumulates relative low metal concentrations, but possesses both high biomass and high economic value. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
语种：
英文
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Simultaneous silencing of FAD2 and FAE1 genes affects both oleic acid and erucic acid contents in Brassica napus seeds
作者：
Peng, Qi;Hu, Yan;Wei, Ran;Zhang, Yuan;Guan, Chunyun;...
期刊：
Plant Cell Reports ,2010年29(4):317-325 ISSN：0721-7714
通讯作者：
Liu, Chunlin
作者机构：
[Guan, Chunyun; Peng, Qi; Wei, Ran; Hu, Yan; Liu, Chunlin] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Crop Germplasm Innovat & Utili, Hunan Prov Inst Oil Crops, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Qi; Ruan, Ying; Zhang, Yuan] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Dev Biol, Life Sci & Technol Coll, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Chunlin] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Crop Germplasm Innovat & Utili, Hunan Prov Inst Oil Crops, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Brassica napus;Double-gene;Fusion fragment;RNAi;Fatty acid;Modification
摘要：
The fatty acid composition in the seed oil was significantly modified following the introduction of transgenes. To further enhance the desirable characteristics of rapeseed oil, it would be beneficial to develop a new approach for the simultaneous silencing of two or more target genes. Our goals in the current study were to (1) increase oleic acid to more than 75%, (2) reduce polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to about 10% and erucic acid to zero, and (3) accomplish these changes in a single-transformation event. In a single transformation, two fragments amplified from the fatty acid Δ12-desaturase 2 (BnaFAD2) and fatty acid elongase 1 (BnaFAE1) genes of Brassica napus were linked together to form a fusion fragment. The fusion fragment was then used to assemble unique intron-spliced hairpin interfering constructs. In the transgenic plant FFRP4-4, the expression of BnaFAD2 and BnaFAE1 genes was completely inhibited. The composition of oleic acid in FFRP4-4 rose to 85%, PUFA dropped to 10% and erucic acid was undetectable. All hybrid F1 seeds obtained from the reciprocal crossing of FFRP4-4 and GX-parents (with different genetic backgrounds) contained more than 80% oleic acid, about 10% PUFA and very low, or undetectable, erucic acid. The results confirmed that the fusion fragment silencing construct can simultaneously and effectively silence the target genes on a consistent basis. The strategy provides a useful tool for detecting gene function and advancing genetic engineering techniques for the improvement of agricultural crops. © Springer-Verlag 2010.
语种：
英文
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Effect of environment on the abundance and activity of the nematophagous fungus Hirsutella minnesotensis in soil
作者：
Xiang, Meichun;Xiang, Ping'an;Liu, Xingzhong* ;Zhang, Limei
期刊：
FEMS Microbiology Ecology ,2010年71(3):413-417 ISSN：0168-6496
通讯作者：
Liu, Xingzhong
作者机构：
[Xiang, Meichun; Liu, Xingzhong] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Systemat Mycol & Lichenol, Inst Microbiol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.;[Xiang, Ping'an] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Limei] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Xingzhong] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Systemat Mycol & Lichenol, Inst Microbiol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
关键词：
endoparasite;soil temperature;soil texture;soil water content;soybean cyst nematode
摘要：
Environmental factors greatly affect the activity of soil microorganisms. However, not enough is known about how the environment affects the abundance and activity of many beneficial microorganisms after they are released into soil. Hirsutella minnesotensis is an important fungal parasite of nematodes and has shown great potential in nematode control. The objective of this study was to measure the effects of environmental factors on the abundance and activity of H. minnesotensis in soil. Fungal mycelium was mixed with dry soil (1% wet weight per dryweight) and placed into 50-mL plastic tubes. Soil temperature ranged from 5 to 30 °C; soil water content ranged from 6% to 22%; and the soil was supplemented with 0-70% of fine soil particles (silt and clay) or sand. After 24 days, fungal abundance was quantified by real-time PCR and its activity was inferred from the numbers of second-stage juveniles (J2) parasitized. The amount of H. minnesotensis DNA g-1 soil and the percentage of J2 parasitized by H. minnesotensis were higher with lower soil temperature and water content, and higher fine particle content, demonstrating that H. minnesotensis has a greater potential to multiply and control pest nematodes in cooler, drier and heavier soils. © 2009 Federation of European Microbiological Societies.
语种：
英文
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甘蓝型油菜遗传图谱的构建及单株产量构成因素的QTL分析
作者：
王峰;官春云
期刊：
遗传 ,2010年32(3):271-277 ISSN：0253-9772
通讯作者：
Wang, F.
作者机构：
[王峰] Oilseed Crops Institute/National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center in Hunan, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. wangfenghifi@126.com
关键词：
甘蓝型油菜;F_(2:3)家系;分子标记遗传图谱;产量构成因素;数量性状位点(QTL)
摘要：
采用常规品系04-1139与高产多角果品系05-1054构建的F_2代群体为作图群体,运用SSR(Simple sequence repeat)和SRAP(Sequence-related amplified polymorphism)构建分子标记遗传图谱并对甘蓝型油菜单株产量构成因素进行QTL分析.遗传图谱包含200个分子标记,分布于19个连锁群上,总长度1 700.23 cM,标记间的平均距离8.50 cM.采用复合区问作图法(Composite interval mapping,CIM)对单株产量构成因素(单株有效角果数,每果粒数和千粒重)进行QTL分析,共检测到12个QTL:其中单株有效角果数4个QTL,分别解释表型变异为35.64%,12.96%,28.71%和34.02%:每果粒数获得5个QTL,分别解释表型变异为8.41%、7.87%,24.37%、8.57%和14.31%;千粒重获得3个QTL,分别解释表型变异为2.33%,1.81%和1.86%.结果表明:同一性状的等位基因增效作用可以同时来自高值亲本和低值亲本;文章中与主效QTL连锁的标记可用于油菜产量性状的分子标记辅助选择和聚合育种.
语种：
中文
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土壤和气候及其互作对湖南烤烟部分中性挥发性香气物质含量的影响
作者：
邓小华;谢鹏飞;彭新辉;易建华;周冀衡;...
期刊：
应用生态学报 ,2010年21(8):2063-2071 ISSN：1001-9332
通讯作者：
Deng, X.-H.
作者机构：
[周清明; 周冀衡] Research Centre of Tobacco Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[蒲文宣; 易建华; 彭新辉; 代远刚] Technology Research and Development Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co. LTD., Changsha 410007, China;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;Changsha Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha 410007, China;[邓小华] Research Centre of Tobacco Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Deng, X.-H.] R;Research Centre of Tobacco Engineering, , Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
烤烟;中性挥发性香气物质;气候;土壤;互作
摘要：
选择湖南3大烟区的永州市、浏阳市、桑植县进行客土盆栽试验,探讨土壤和气候及其互作对湖南烤烟部分中性挥发性香气物质含量的影响.结果表明:烤烟二氢猕猴桃内酯、大马烯酮、糠醛、巨豆三烯酮总量、β-紫罗兰酮5种中性挥发性香气物含量属中等变异强度,其变异强弱按该顺序依次递减.土壤和气候及其互作对烤烟不同中性挥发性香气物质含量的影响程度不同.对糠醛含量,气候具有显著效应,土壤及气候和土壤互作效应较小;对大马烯酮含量,气候、土壤均具有显著效应,以气候效应最大,气候和土壤互作效应较小;对β-紫罗兰酮和巨豆三烯酮总量,气候及气候和土壤互作均具有显著效应,以气候和土壤互作效应最大,土壤效应较小;对二氢猕猴桃内酯含量,气候、土壤及其互作效应均较小;气候对5个中性挥发性香气物质含量的变异贡献率为40.82%,土壤为20.67%,气候和土壤互作为38.51%.大田生长不同时期的气象因素对5种中性挥发性香气物质含量的影响程度不同,影响较大的前3个气象因子在发根期为降雨量、云量和平均气温,在旺长期为昼夜温差、日照时间和蒸发量,在成熟期为降雨量、蒸发量和平均气温.对5种中性挥发性香气物质含量影响的前3个主要土壤养分因子为速效钾、有效磷和pH.
语种：
中文
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Recent progress and understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the rice-Magnaporthe oryzae interaction
作者：
Liu, Jinling;Wang, Xuejun;Mitchell, Thomas;Hu, Yajun;Liu, Xionglun;...
期刊：
Molecular Plant Pathology ,2010年11(3):419-427 ISSN：1464-6722
通讯作者：
Wang, Guo-Liang
作者机构：
[Hu, Yajun; Wang, Guo-Liang; Wang, Xuejun; Liu, Jinling; Liu, Xionglun; Dai, Liangying] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Hunan Prov Key Lab Crop Germplasm Innovat & Utili, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Yajun; Wang, Guo-Liang; Wang, Xuejun; Liu, Jinling; Liu, Xionglun; Dai, Liangying] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Biosafety, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Guo-Liang; Mitchell, Thomas] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Guo-Liang] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Hunan Prov Key Lab Crop Germplasm Innovat & Utili, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
disease resistance;genes;genomes;genomics;induced resistance;pathogenicity;plant pathogenic fungi;plant pathogens;quantitative trait loci;rice;Oryza;Oryza sativa
摘要：
SUMMARY Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is the most devastating disease of rice and severely affects crop stability and sustainability worldwide. This disease has advanced to become one of the premier model fungal pathosystems for host—pathogen interactions because of the depth of comprehensive studies in both species using modern genetic, genomic, proteomic and bioinformatic approaches. Many fungal genes involved in pathogenicity and rice genes involved in effector recognition and defence responses have been identified over the past decade. Specifically, the cloning of a total of nine avirulence (Avr) genes in M. oryzae, 13 rice resistance (R) genes and two rice blast quantitative trait loci (QTLs) has provided new insights into the molecular basis of fungal and plant interactions. In this article, we consider the new findings on the structure and function of the recently cloned R and Avr genes, and provide perspectives for future research directions towards a better understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the rice–M. oryzae interaction.
语种：
英文
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高产水稻品种及种植方式对稻田甲烷排放的影响
作者：
傅志强;黄璜;谢伟;何保良
期刊：
应用生态学报 ,2009年20(12):3003-3008 ISSN：1001-9332
通讯作者：
Fu, Z.-Q.
作者机构：
湖南农业大学农学院,长沙,410128;农业部多熟制作物栽培与耕作重点开放实验室,长沙,410128;[何保良; 黄璜; 谢伟; 傅志强] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Multiple Cropping Cultivation, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Fu, Z.-Q.] C;College of Agronomy, , Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
高产水稻品种;直播;移栽;甲烷;稻田
摘要：
采用大田试验研究了不同水稻品种(早稻:超级稻"陆两优996"和常规稻"创丰1号";晚稻:T优259)及不同种植方式(直播和移栽)对稻田甲烷排放通量的影响.结果表明:早稻晒田前甲烷排放量占排放总量的52%～73%,排水晒田减少了甲烷排放通量;晚稻生育前期甲烷排放量占生长期间甲烷排放总量的70%.早稻直播方式的甲烷排放通量均值低于移栽种植方式,但甲烷排放总量大于移栽种植方式;晚稻直播方式的甲烷排放通量均值与排放总量都大于移栽种植方式.早、晚稻直播方式的单位稻谷甲烷排放量与移栽种植方式间均存在显著差异,早稻中超级稻和常规稻直播方式的单位稻谷甲烷排放量分别比移栽方式高4.84和3.48 g·kg~(-1)稻谷,常规稻的甲烷排放量高于超级稻;晚稻直播方式的单位稻谷甲烷排放量比移栽方式高6.67 g·kg~(-1)稻谷.相同面积、相同时间不同种植方式的稻田甲烷排放量、单位经济产量甲烷排放量表现为:早稻:常规稻直播＞常规稻移栽＞超级稻直播＞超级稻移栽;晚稻:直播＞移栽.
语种：
中文
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化学催熟剂对油菜角果叶绿素含量及抗氧化酶系统的影响
作者：
周可金;官春云;肖文娜
期刊：
应用生态学报 ,2009年20(12):3015-3019 ISSN：1001-9332
通讯作者：
Zhou, K.-J.
作者机构：
[官春云] Institute of Oilseed Crops, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[肖文娜] College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;[周可金] Institute of Oilseed Crops, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China, College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
通讯机构：
[Zhou, K.-J.] I;Institute of Oilseed Crops, , Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
油菜角果;化学催熟剂;叶绿素含量;细胞膜透性;保护酶
摘要：
采用大田试验研究了两种化学催熟剂(敌草快和农达)对生长后期油菜角果的叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶系统(CAT、SOD、POD活性)、细胞膜透性及MDA含量的影响.结果表明:采用敢草快催熟,油菜角果皮叶绿素含量下降,SOD、POD、CAT活性及细胞膜透性和MDA含量显著提高,导致角果膜脂过氧化,且作用强度随处理浓度的增加而增加;采用农达催熟,油菜角果皮叶绿素含量所受影响较小,SOD、POD和CAT活性上升缓慢,细胞膜透性和MDA含量增加不明显.随着催熟时间的推移,油菜角果保护酶活性受到不同程度的抑制,这可能与催熟剂干扰酶系统分子结构有关.
语种：
中文
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Molecular characterization and detection of recombinant isolates of potato virus Y from China
作者：
Hu, Xinxi;He, Changzheng;Xiao, Ya;Xiong, Xingyao;Nie, Xianzhou*
期刊：
Archives of Virology ,2009年154(8):1303-1312 ISSN：0304-8608
通讯作者：
Nie, Xianzhou
作者机构：
[Hu, Xinxi; Nie, Xianzhou] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada.;[Hu, Xinxi; Xiao, Ya; Xiong, Xingyao; He, Changzheng] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort & Landscape, Hunan Prov Engn Res Ctr Potatoes, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Nie, Xianzhou] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Ctr, 850 Lincoln Rd,POB 20280, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada.
通讯机构：
[Nie, Xianzhou] A;Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Ctr, 850 Lincoln Rd,POB 20280, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada.
关键词：
Potato Virus;Foliar Symptom;Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Reverse Transcriptase;Potato Isolate;Recombinant Isolate
摘要：
Although potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most economically important pathogens of potatoes in China, few studies have been carried out to characterize the virus in that country. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based genotyping developed previously, two types of recombinant PVY were identified in China for the first time. One resembled the European (Eu) type of potato tuber necrosis strain (Eu-PVYNTN), possessing three widely recognized recombinant joints (RJs 1-3) of the common strain (PVYO) and the Eu- type tobacco veinal necrosis strain (Eu-PVYN). The other, on the other hand, appeared to have only RJ1 and RJ2. The complete genome of a representative isolate, PVY-HN2, from the second type was subsequently sequenced. Comparison of the sequence of 'HN2' with those of PVYO and Eu-PVYN not only confirmed the recombinant nature of 'HN2' but also revealed the existence of three recombinant events in the isolate, similar to that in PVYNTN-Hun. However, the two isolates differed significantly at RJ1 (PVYNTN-Hun vs. HN2, nt 2419 vs. nt 2521) and RJ3 (PVYNTN-Hun vs. HN2, nt 9183 vs. nt 8572) and slightly at RJ2 (PVYNTN-Hun vs. HN2, nt 5844 vs. nt 5867). A primer pair was developed to facilitate the detection of the alternative RJ3. Using the newly and previously designed RJ primers, all targeted RJs were detected. Interestingly, tests of the available PVY samples indicated that two were doubly infected with both types of recombinant PVY, further confirming the effectiveness of the detection. Further analysis of these samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and bioassay revealed that 'HN2' possesses a PVYO serotype, a PVYN pathotype in tobacco and a PVYNTN pathotype in potato. © Springer-Verlag 2009.
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英文
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