Variation in Cadmium Accumulation among 30 Cultivars and Cadmium Subcellular Distribution in 2 Selected Cultivars of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.)
作者:
Wang, Junli;Yuan, Jiangang;Yang, Zhongyi* ;Huang, Baifei;Zhou, Yihui;...
期刊:
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY ,2009年57(19):8942-8949 ISSN:0021-8561
通讯作者:
Yang, Zhongyi
作者机构:
[Zhou, Yihui; Yuan, Jiangang; Gong, Yulian; Yang, Zhongyi; Xin, Junliang; Wang, Junli; Huang, Baifei] Sun Yat Sen Univ, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Yihui; Yuan, Jiangang; Gong, Yulian; Yang, Zhongyi; Xin, Junliang; Wang, Junli; Huang, Baifei] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Life Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Junli] Qingdao Agr Univ, Resources & Environm Coll, Qingdao 266109, Peoples R China.;[Yu, Hui] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Yang, Zhongyi] S;Sun Yat Sen Univ, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Cadmium;soil contamination;subcellular distribution;pollution-safe cultivar;water spinach
摘要:
To reduce the influx of cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, into the human food chain through vegetable intake, a pot experiment for the selection of a pollution-safe cultivar (PSC) of water spinach (lpomoea aquatica Forsk.) was carried out. The experiment with 30 tested cultivars revealed that the maximum differences in Cd concentration between the cultivars containing the highest and the lowest Cd were 3.0-3.9-fold under low-Cd treatment (soil Cd = 0.593 mg kg-1), 2.7-3.5-fold under middle-Cd treatment (soil Cd = 1.091 mg kg-1), and 2.6-2.7-fold under high-Cd treatment (soil Cd = 1.824 mg kg1), large enough to define the Cd-PSCs. Concentrations of Cd in edible parts of six cultivars, cv. Daxingbaigu, Huifengqing, Qiangkunbaigu, Qiangkunqinggu, Shenniuliuye, and Xingtianqinggu, were lower than 0.2 mg kg -1, the maximum level (ML) of Cd allowed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) standard, even under middle-Cd treatment. Accordingly, these cultivars were treated as typical Cd-PSCs. Four cultivars, cv. Jieyangbaigeng, Xianggangdaye, Sannongbaigeng, and Taiwan 308, contained Cd in edible parts exceeding the ML even under low-Cd treatment, and they were defined as typical non-Cd-PSCs. The correlations of the Cd concentrations among the tested cultivars between the three treatments were significant at the p < 0.05 level. A conspicuous difference in Cd subcellular distribution in hydroponie plant tissues between cv. Qiangkunqinggu (a typical Cd-PSC) and cv. Taiwan 308 (a typical non-Cd-PSC) were observed. Cd absorbed by cv. Qiangkunqinggu seemed to be well-compartmentalized in root and in cell wall fragment, which may be one of the mechanisms leading to its low Cd accumulating property. The results indicated that water spinach, a leafy vegetable, could be easily polluted by soils contaminated with Cd, as 80% of the tested cultivars had exceeded the ML of Cd according to the CAC standard even under the middle-Cd treatment. Much of the evidence obtained from the present study proved that the high Cd-accumulating ability of water spinach is a stable biological property at cultivar level and, thus, is genotype dependent. Therefore, application of the PSC strategy to produce water spinach that is safer to consume is feasible and necessary. © 2009 American Chemical Society.
语种:
英文
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不同类型镉积累水稻细胞镉化学形态及亚细胞和分子分布
作者:
于辉;杨中艺;杨知建;向佐湘
期刊:
应用生态学报 ,2008年19(10):2221-2226 ISSN:1001-9332
通讯作者:
Yu, H.
作者机构:
[杨知建; 于辉; 向佐湘] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[杨中艺] School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
通讯机构:
[Yu, H.] C;College of Agronomy, , Changsha 410128, China
关键词:
镉;水稻;化学形态;亚细胞;分子分布
摘要:
利用水培试验结合亚细胞组分分级分离和凝胶过滤等技术,研究了水稻根和叶中镉的化学结合形态及其亚细胞和分子分布,比较了低镉积累品种“广源占No.3”和高镉积累品种 “珍桂矮”的差异.结果表明:随着营养液中镉浓度的升高,根和叶亚细胞镉含量显著上升,大部分镉积累在细胞壁(F_Ⅰ)和细胞可溶部分(F_Ⅲ).高镉积累品种“珍桂矮”根和叶中可溶部分镉含量显著高于低镉积累品种“广源占No.3”.根和叶各种形态镉中,以氯化钠提取态占优势,其次是醋酸提取态,盐酸提取态镉含量最低.与“广源占No.3”相比,“珍桂矮”中迁移性较强的去离子水和乙醇提取态镉比例较高.凝胶过滤结果表明,两种类型的水稻可溶部分镉的出峰位置与样品流份中可溶性蛋白的出峰位置大致相同.可溶部分中的镉大多与分子量为3kD的物质结合,属于植物鳌合肽(PCs)或低分子量物质.“广源占No.3” 根系中镉与PCs配合的组分(Cd-PCs)含量远小于“珍桂矮”.“广源占No.3”细胞可溶部分较低的镉含量以及根系中较少的Cd-PCs形成量,降低了镉的移动及其向地上部转运的可能性.
语种:
中文
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水库温室气体排放及其影响因素
作者:
赵小杰;赵同谦;郑华;段晓男;陈法霖;...
期刊:
环境科学 ,2008年29(8):2377-2384 ISSN:0250-3301
通讯作者:
Zhao, X.-J.
作者机构:
中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京,100085;河南理工大学资源与环境学院,焦作454000;河南理工大学资源与环境学院,焦作,454000;湖南农业大学农学院,长沙,410128;[赵小杰; 赵同谦; 郑华; 段晓男; 陈法霖; 欧阳志云; 王效科] (1) State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China (2) Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China (3) Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
关键词:
水库;温室气体;排放机制;通量
摘要:
水库是温室气体的一个重要排放源,探讨水库温室气体排放及其影响因素有利于精确估算水库温室气体排放量、减少水利工程与水电开发过程中水库温室气体排放.本文阐述了水库中温室气体的产生机制,总结了水库温室气体的3个排放途径:水库自然排放、水轮机和溢洪道、大坝下游河流,从水库特征、气候、水体pH值、水库中植被状况等角度深入探讨了水库温室气体排放的影响因素.最后,重点分析了水库温室气体排放的空间异质性以及研究结果不确定性的产生根源,并对今后的研究重点进行了展望.
语种:
中文
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镉对水稻种子萌发的影响
作者:
曾翔;张玉烛;王凯荣;李小湘;段永红;...
期刊:
应用生态学报 ,2007年18(7):1665-1668 ISSN:1001-9332
通讯作者:
Zeng, X.-H.
作者机构:
[Zeng X.-H.; 张玉烛; 李小湘; 谢建红; 段永红] Hunan Institute of Rice Research, Changsha 410125, China;[屠乃美] Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[王凯荣] Institute of Agricultural Ecology and Environmental Health, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109 Shandong, China;[张岳平] Hunan Institute of Rice Research, Changsha 410125, China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构:
[Zeng, X.-H.] H;Hunan Institute of Rice Research, Changsha 410125, China
关键词:
水稻;种子;萌发
摘要:
以不同类型的319个水稻品种为研究对象,研究了10 mg·L~(-1) Cd~(2+)处理对水稻种子萌发的影响.结果表明:Cd~(2+)对种子发芽率影响较小,对根系生长的影响显著,且大于对芽生长的影响;不同类型水稻种子萌发对Cd的响应差异较大,敏感顺序为粳稻>籼稻>杂交稻;两系不育系根系长度和根系数量受Cd的抑制程度显著高于三系.应用快速聚类方法,可以将参试品种划分为耐受型、中间型和敏感型3种不同的敏感类型.
语种:
中文
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Recent Progress in Elucidating the Structure, Function and Evolution of Disease Resistance Genes in Plants
作者:
刘金灵;刘雄伦;戴良英;王国梁
期刊:
遗传学报 ,2007年34(9):765-776 ISSN:1673-8527
通讯作者:
Wang, G.
作者机构:
[Jinling Liu; Xionglun Liu; Liangying Dai; Guoliang Wang] Hunan Agricultural University,Rice Genomics Laboratory
通讯机构:
Rice Genomics Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University, China
关键词:
plant disease;resistance gene;defense signaling;evolution of resistance gene cluster
摘要:
Plants employ multifaceted mechanisms to fight with numerous pathogens in nature. Resistance (R) genes are the most effective weapons against pathogen invasion since they can specifically recognize the corresponding pathogen effectors or associated protein(s) to activate plant immune responses at the site of infection. Up to date, over 70 R genes have been isolated from various plant species. Most R proteins contain conserved motifs such as nucleotide-binding site (NBS), leucine-rich repeat (LRR), Toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain (TIR, homologous to cytoplasmic domains of the Drosophila Toll protein and the mammalian interleukin-1 receptor), coiled-coil (CC) or leucine zipper (LZ) structure and protein kinase domain (PK). Recent results indicate that these domains play significant roles in R protein interactions with effector proteins from pathogens and in activating signal transduction pathways involved in innate immunity. This review highlights an overview of the recent progress in elucidating the structure, function and evolution of the isolated R genes in different plant-pathogen interaction systems.
语种:
英文
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稻田生态系统多个物种共存对病虫草害的控制
作者:
王寒;唐建军;谢坚;陈欣
期刊:
应用生态学报 ,2007年18(5):1132-1136 ISSN:1001-9332
通讯作者:
Wang, H.
作者机构:
[陈欣; 王寒; 唐建军] Institute of Agroecology and Eco-engineering, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;[谢坚] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构:
[Wang, H.] I;Institute of Agroecology and Eco-engineering, , Hangzhou 310058, China
会议名称:
“稻鱼共生系统”全球重要农业文化遗产保护多方参与机制研讨会
会议时间:
2006-07-28
会议地点:
浙江青田
会议论文集名称:
“稻鱼共生系统”全球重要农业文化遗产保护多方参与机制研讨会论文集
关键词:
稻田;物种共存;病害;虫害;草害
摘要:
建立多个物种共存的农作模式、利用物种多样性控制有害生物是农业可持续发展的重要途径.本文综述了国内外稻田物种多样性利用模式的研究进展,论述了稻田多个物种共存对水稻病、虫、草的控制效果及作用机理.稻田系统多个物种共存模式如稻田养鱼模式、稻田养鸭模式、稻-萍-鱼或稻-萍-鸭模式等,对水稻纹枯病、稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟和杂草有显著的控制作用;稻田系统多个物种共存的另一类模式如水稻品种多样性混合种植、稻-茭白间作和稻-湿生作物间作等,可明显降低稻瘟病等病害的发生与流行.稻田多个物种共存模式对病虫草控制的效果和机理研究仍需要从作物、分子生物学和化学生态等方面做进一步的研究探讨.
语种:
中文
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Magnaporthe grisea Infection Triggers RNA Variation and Antisense Transcript Expression in Rice
作者:
Gowda, Malali;Venu, R.-C.;Li, Huameng;Jantasuriyarat, Chatchawan;Chen, Songbiao;...
期刊:
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ,2007年144(1):524-533 ISSN:0032-0889
通讯作者:
Wang, Guo-Liang
作者机构:
[Wang, Guo-Liang] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43212 USA.;Ohio State Univ, Ohio Supercomp Ctr, Columbus, OH 43212 USA.;Univ Arizona, Arizona Genom Computat Lab, Inst BIO5, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.;Univ Arizona, Genom Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.;Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
通讯机构:
[Wang, Guo-Liang] O;Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43212 USA.
关键词:
SYSTEMATIC IDENTIFICATION;GENE-EXPRESSION;SERIAL ANALYSIS;DRAFT SEQUENCE;LARGE-SCALE;RL-SAGE;GENOME;BLAST;FUNGAL;DISEASE
摘要:
Rice blast disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea, is an excellent model system to study plant-fungal interactions and host defense responses. In this study, comprehensive analysis of the rice (Oryza sativa) transcriptome after M. grisea infection was conducted using robust-long serial analysis of gene expression. A total of 83,382 distinct 21-bp robust-long serial analysis of gene expression tags were identified from 627,262 individual tags isolated from the resistant (R), susceptible (S), and control (C) libraries. Sequence analysis revealed that the tags in the R and S libraries had a significant reduced matching rate to the rice genomic and expressed sequences in comparison to the C library. The high level of one-nucleotide mismatches of the R and S library tags was due to nucleotide conversions. The A-to-G and U-to-C nucleotide conversions were the most predominant types, which were induced in the M. grisea-infected plants. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that expression of the adenine deaminase and cytidine deaminase genes was highly induced after inoculation. In addition, many antisense transcripts were induced in infected plants and expression of four antisense transcripts was confirmed by strand-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. These results demonstrate that there is a series of dynamic and complex transcript modifications and changes in the rice transcriptome at the M. grisea early infection stages. © 2007 American Society of Plant Biologists.
语种:
英文
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南方红壤丘陵区油桐人工林土壤水分动态
作者:
黄志刚;曹云;欧阳志云;屠乃美;郑华
期刊:
应用生态学报 ,2007年18(2):241-246 ISSN:1001-9332
通讯作者:
Huang, Z.-G.
作者机构:
[曹云; 欧阳志云; 郑华] State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;Department of Ecology and Agriculture, Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;[屠乃美] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[黄志刚] State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China, Department of Ecology and Agriculture, Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
通讯机构:
[Huang, Z.-G.] S;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, , Beijing 100085, China
关键词:
红壤丘陵区;油桐人工林;垂直变化;土壤水分;土壤蓄水量
摘要:
利用时域反射仪(TDR)定位监测方法,研究了南方红壤丘陵区油桐人工林土壤水分动态规律.结果表明:不同月份间土壤蓄水量差异达极显著水平,研究时段内土壤水分动态变化可划分为土壤水分积累期、土壤水分消耗期和土壤水分稳定期3个时期;油桐人工林土壤水分垂直变化显著,且不同季节的变化规律各异;土壤蓄水量与大气相对湿度(RH)、大气温度(t)、饱和水汽压差(VPD)、降雨量(R)等气象因子显著相关(P〈0.05);次降雨后,土壤水分损失率与干旱天数呈显著的双曲函数关系,土壤蓄水量与雨后干旱天数呈显著的线性负相关(P〈0.05);在次降雨后的持续干旱条件下,土壤水分损失随着土层深度的增加逐渐趋于平缓.
语种:
中文
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鸡骨草总黄酮含量测定及其含量动态变化研究
作者:
黄荣韶;玉永雄;胡艳;盛孝邦
期刊:
中国中药杂志 ,2006年31(17):1428-1431 ISSN:1001-5302
作者机构:
[黄荣韶] 广西大学农学院;[玉永雄; 胡艳] 西南大学动物科技学院;[盛孝邦] 湖南农业大学农学院
关键词:
鸡骨草;总黄酮;超声提取;含量;动态变化
摘要:
目的:探讨鸡骨草总黄酮的超声提取条件、含量测定方法以及含量动态变化。方法:采用正交试验优化鸡骨草总黄酮超声提取工艺,用比色法测定不同生长期鸡骨草不同部位的总黄酮含量。结果:乙醇用量和超声提取次数是影响鸡骨草总黄酮超声提取效果的主要因素;鸡骨草茎蔓的总黄酮含量最高,其次是根系,叶片含量最低;鸡骨草根系、茎蔓总黄酮含量有相似的累积变化规律,即随着植株生长,鸡骨草根系和茎蔓的总黄酮含量逐渐增加,到10月份达高峰值,随后缓慢降低,但10-12月份的含量差别不显著;受低温影响,到第2年2月份含量显著降低;叶片在脱落前总黄酮含量达最大值。结论:以药材20倍量的80%乙醇作为溶剂,用超声波提取3次每次持续30min即可获得最佳的鸡骨草总黄酮提取效果;在植株自然落叶前采收鸡骨草,容易获得最大的生物产量和质量。
语种:
中文
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The Broad-Spectrum Blast Resistance Gene Pi9 Encodes a Nucleotide-Binding Site–Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein and Is a Member of a Multigene Family in Rice
作者:
Qu, SH;Liu, GF;Zhou, B;Bellizzi, M;Zeng, LR;...
期刊:
GENETICS ,2006年172(3):1901-1914 ISSN:0016-6731
通讯作者:
Wang, GL
作者机构:
Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, Beijing 10081, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Rice Genom Lab, Hunan 410128, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Ctr Gene Res, Shanghai 200233, Peoples R China.;[Wang, GL] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, 2021 Coffey Rd,201 Kottman Hall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
通讯机构:
[Wang, GL] O;Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, 2021 Coffey Rd,201 Kottman Hall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
摘要:
The broad-spectrum rice blast resistance gene Pi9 was cloned using a map-based cloning strategy. Sequencing of a 76-kb bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contig spanning the Pi9 locus led to identification of six tandemly arranged resistance-like genes with a nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) (Nbs1-Pi9-Nbs6-Pi9). Analysis of selected Pi9 deletion mutants and transformation of a 45-kb fragment from the BAC contig into the susceptible rice cultivar TP309 narrowed down Pi9 to the candidate genes Nbs2-Pi9 and Nbs3-Pi9. Disease evaluation of the transgenic lines carrying the individual candidate genes confirmed that Nbs2-Pi9 is the Pi9 gene. Sequence comparison analysis revealed that the six paralogs at the Pi9 locus belong to four classes and gene duplication might be one of the major evolutionary forces contributing to the formation of the NBS-LRR gene cluster. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR analysis showed that Pi9 was constitutively expressed in the Pi9-resistant plants and was not induced by blast infection. The cloned Pi9 gene provides a starting point to elucidate the molecular basis of the broadspectrum disease resistance and the evolutionary mechanisms of blast resistance gene clusters in rice. Copyright © 2006 by the Genetics Society of America.
语种:
英文
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Ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation and modification: an emerging theme in plant-microbe interactions
作者:
Zeng, Li-Rong;Vega-Sanchez, Miguel E.;Zhu, Tong;Wang, Guo-Liang*
期刊:
细胞研究 ,2006年16(5):413-426 ISSN:1001-0602
通讯作者:
Wang, Guo-Liang
作者机构:
[Wang, Guo-Liang] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;Ohio State Univ, Plant Mol Biol & Biotechnol Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;Syngenta Biotechnol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.;Human Agr Univ, Rice Genom Lab, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Wang, Guo-Liang] O;Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
关键词:
Ubiquitination;defense response;plant-microbe interactions;U-box protein;Spl11
摘要:
Post-translational modification is central to protein stability and to the modulation of protein activity. Various types of protein modification, such as phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, myristoylation, glycosylation, and ubiquitination, have been reported. Among them, ubiquitination distinguishes itself from others in that most of the ubiquitinated proteins are targeted to the 26S proteasome for degradation. The ubiquitin/26S proteasome system constitutes the major protein degradation pathway in the cell. In recent years, the importance of the ubiquitination machinery in the control of numerous eukaryotic cellular functions has been increasingly appreciated. Increasing number of E3 ubiquitin ligases and their substrates, including a variety of essential cellular regulators have been identified. Studies in the past several years have revealed that the ubiquitination system is important for a broad range of plant developmental processes and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. This review discusses recent advances in the functional analysis of ubiquitination-associated proteins from plants and pathogens that play important roles in plant-microbe interactions.
语种:
英文
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水稻耐淹涝性状的遗传分析和SSR标记的研究
作者:
陈永华;赵森;柳俊;严钦泉;肖国樱
期刊:
遗传 ,2006年28(12):1562-1566 ISSN:0253-9772
通讯作者:
Chen, Y.H.
作者机构:
[陈永华; 严钦泉] 湖南农业大学农学院;[赵森; 肖国樱] 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所;[柳俊] 中南林业科技大学资源与环境学院;中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 长沙410128 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所长沙410125中南林业科技大学资源与环境学院;长沙410004
关键词:
水稻;耐淹涝;SSR标记
摘要:
淹涝胁迫对水稻生产造成了严重影响, 发掘可应用于耐淹涝辅助选择的分子标记(MAS), 将有助于水稻耐淹涝性状的遗传改良.应用耐淹涝材料FR13A和淹涝敏感材料IR39595-503-2-1-2为亲本做正反交获得F_1和F_2代群体.对正反交的F_1群体的耐淹涝性状进行遗传分析, 发现正反交的F1代群体在耐淹涝性状上没有显著差异, 说明耐淹涝性状是核基因控制.从两次淹涝处理中F_2代群体的分离情况来看, 来源于FR13A的耐淹特性表现出数量-质量性状遗传的特点.当淹涝胁迫压力比较轻时表现为数量性状遗传, 具有微效多基因的作用.当淹涝胁迫压力增大时, 表现为主效基因控制的质量性状.在SSR分析中, 187对SSR引物中有73对引物在两亲本间有明显的差异, 差异率为39%.用这73对差异引物, 对F_2群体进行多态筛选, 结果筛选到一个与耐淹涝性状连锁的标记RM219, 验证了耐淹涝性状确实由主效基因Sub1控制, 因此, RM219在水稻耐淹涝育种中具有利用价值.
语种:
中文
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湖南洞庭湖区水稻生产的环境成本评估
作者:
向平安;黄璜;燕惠民;周燕;郑华;...
期刊:
应用生态学报 ,2005年16(11):2187-2193 ISSN:1001-9332
通讯作者:
Xiang, P.
作者机构:
[向平安; 黄璜; 黄兴国] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[燕惠民] Agro-Environment Protection and Administration Station of Hunan Province, Changsha 410011, China;[周燕] Technical Center of Changsha Cigarette Factory, Changsha 410014, China;[郑华] Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
通讯机构:
[Xiang, P.] C;College of Agronomy, , Changsha 410128, China
关键词:
水稻生产;环境成本;生态农业;洞庭湖区
摘要:
我国是一个农业大国.探讨水稻生产的环境成本,对于农业可持续发展和绿色GDP核算体系的建立具有重要意义.以我国主要产粮区之一的洞庭湖区为研究对象,从农药污染、化肥污染、温室气体排放、地膜残留、稻田潜育化和围湖造田等6个方面估算了该区1999年水稻生产的环境成本.结果表明,1999年洞庭湖区水稻生产的环境成本为41.91×108元,约为1999年该区域农业生产总值的26.8%,相当于1999年该区域种植总产值的28.5%.为了水稻可持续生产,提出了环境成本内在化的策略.研究认为,水稻生产在给人类带来巨大福利的同时,对环境带来的损害也是不容忽视的,今后应加强水稻生产对环境影响机制的基础研究和水稻生产环境成本评估的理论和方法研究.
语种:
中文
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几种粉煤灰对磷素吸附与解吸特性的研究
作者:
冯跃华;胡瑞芝;张杨珠;邹应斌;黄运湘;...
期刊:
应用生态学报 ,2005年16(9):1756-1760 ISSN:1001-9332
通讯作者:
Feng, Y.
作者机构:
[黄运湘; 王翠红; 胡瑞芝; 张杨珠] College of Resource and Environment Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[邹应斌] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[李法云] College of Environment and Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China;[冯跃华] College of Resource and Environment Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构:
[Feng, Y.] C;College of Resource and Environment Science, , Changsha 410128, China
关键词:
粉煤灰;吸附量;吸磷率;解吸率
摘要:
通过吸附解吸和培养试验,研究了几种粉煤灰对磷素吸附与解吸特性.结果表明,粉煤灰的全磷含量和有效磷含量分别为0.545~4.540 g·kg-1和19.55~163.0 mg·kg-1,显著高于土壤,粉煤灰对磷吸附量随着加入溶液磷浓度的增加而增加,但其吸附率随着加入溶液磷浓度的增加而减少;粉煤灰的吸磷率比土壤高,但其解吸率低.这主要是由于粉煤灰比土壤存在更多的磷吸附位点且结合能大,不易解吸.Langmuir方程、Freundlich方程和Temkin方程都能很好地拟合粉煤灰对磷吸附,其中Langmuir方程的MBC、Freundlich方程的a和Temkin方程的k2都可以表征粉煤灰对磷吸附能力,MBC、a和k2值越大,则吸磷能力越强.不同来源的粉煤灰的MBC、a和k2值不同,其大小顺序为:湘潭电厂(5 167.7,4 056.2,831.5)>岳阳纸厂(1 650.7,2 803.4,711.9)>华能电厂(303.0,1 677.6,368.7)>株洲电厂(76.2,464.2,211.0)>洞庭氮肥厂(34.7,413.48,213.8).粉煤灰对磷吸附固定作用随粉煤灰含水量的增加有增大的趋势.粉煤灰对磷吸附主要是专性吸附和化学沉淀反应,所以在施用粉煤灰改良土壤或利用粉煤灰制造复混肥时,须考虑粉煤灰对磷的固定作用及粉煤灰含水量的影响.
语种:
中文
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盾叶薯蓣植物学研究进展与展望
作者:
黄亚辉;盛孝邦
期刊:
中国中药杂志 ,2005年30(23):1805-1808 ISSN:1001-5302
通讯作者:
Huang, Y.-H.
作者机构:
[黄亚辉; 盛孝邦] 湖南农业大学,农学院
通讯机构:
Hunan Agricultural University, Agricultural College, China
关键词:
盾叶薯蓣;植物学;概述
摘要:
对近年来我国在盾叶薯蓣生物特性、资源多样性、生态环境、良种选育、高效栽培技术以及组织和细胞培养等植物学方面的研究进展作一概述.针对盾叶薯蓣市场需求以及资源保护的实际,提出了建立基因库进行资源系统评价、采取先进技术对盾叶薯蓣资源进行研究与利用以及完善盾叶薯蓣标准的栽培技术体系等建议.
语种:
中文
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不同含氮化合物对鸡骨草生长和结瘤的效应
作者:
黄荣韶;玉永雄;胡艳;盛孝邦
期刊:
中国中药杂志 ,2005年30(24):1906-1909 ISSN:1001-5302
通讯作者:
Huang, R.-S.
作者机构:
[黄荣韶] 广西大学;西南农业大学;[盛孝邦] 湖南农业大学;[玉永雄; 胡艳] 西南大学
通讯机构:
Agricultural College, Guangxi University, China
关键词:
鸡骨草;含氮化合物;生长;结瘤;效应;铵态氮;药材质量
摘要:
目的:研究不同类型含氮化合物对鸡骨草生长和结瘤的效应.方法:在盆栽鸡骨草幼苗接种根瘤菌后,分别用KNO3,NH4NO3,(NH4)2SO4作为氮源配制不同氮浓度的营养液补充水分和营养.培养70 d后,测定植株生长和结瘤情况.结果:含氮化合物对鸡骨草的营养生长有不同程度的促进作用,其中以(NH4)2SO4和NH4NO3的效果最好;它们对鸡骨草结瘤固氮的抑制效应也是明显的,其抑制效应的大小顺序为:NH4NO3>(NH4)2SO4>KNO3;KNO3处理以及低浓度的(NH4)2SO4和NH4NO3不影响鸡骨草植株正常结瘤,高浓度的(NH4)2SO4和NH4NO3处理严重抑制结瘤或不能结瘤.结论:铵态氮对鸡骨草结瘤固氮的抑制能力较强,减少铵态氮肥的使用有利于充分发挥生物固氮的作用来提高原料药材的质量.
语种:
中文
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鸡骨草根瘤菌的分离及其生物学特性研究
作者:
黄荣韶;盛孝邦;玉永雄
期刊:
中国中药杂志 ,2005年30(13):971-977 ISSN:1001-5302
通讯作者:
Huang, R.-S.
作者机构:
[黄荣韶] 广西大学农学院;[盛孝邦] 湖南农业大学农学院;[玉永雄] 西南农业大学动物科技学院
通讯机构:
Agricultural College of Guangxi University, China
关键词:
鸡骨草;根瘤菌;分离;特性
摘要:
目的:研究鸡骨草根瘤菌的生物学特性.方法:将来自不同生态环境的鸡骨草根瘤经分离纯化获得根瘤菌菌株,再进行生长特性、增代时间以及对温度,pH,NaCl和抗生素的耐受性试验.结果:原产亚热带的鸡骨草根瘤菌在YMA培养基上代谢产碱,平均增代时间为14.8 h,应属慢生型根瘤菌;来源不同生态环境的参试菌株在对高温的忍耐能力、酸性环境的适应性、抗生素的敏感性等多种抗逆特性方面存在较大的差异,但对碳源和氮源的利用特性比较一致;接种根瘤菌70d后,鸡骨草幼苗的结瘤率为85.0%,茎叶干物质增加51.1%.结论:鸡骨草根瘤菌存在较为丰富的根瘤菌抗高温和抗酸性环境的种质资源,为今后在生产上利用鸡骨草根瘤菌资源,提高原料药材的质量具有重要的意义.
语种:
中文
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论人类死亡概念和判定标准的演变和进化
作者:
熊海蓉;钟总;官春云;蒋利华;邹应斌;...
期刊:
中华医学杂志 ,2004年84(14):1221-1224 ISSN:0376-2491
通讯作者:
Chen, Z.H.
作者机构:
[熊海蓉] 湖南农业大学分析测试中心;[钟总; 熊远福] 湖南农业大学理学院;[官春云; 邹应斌] 湖南农业大学农学院;[蒋利华] 长沙环境保护职业技术学院
关键词:
肥料;缓/控释肥;缓释肥包衣剂;复合型包衣剂;理化性质;缓释特性
摘要:
什么是死亡?哲学提出概念,医学提出标准,伦理学予以支持,法律上予以认可,这就是历史.
语种:
中文
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多个数量性状的拓广遗传参数
作者:
Dai, J I;Geng, S;Teuber, L
期刊:
遗传学报 ,1990年17(3):161-167 ISSN:1673-8527
作者机构:
[Dai, J I] Human Agricultural College
关键词:
拓广遗传参数;数量性状
摘要:
运用多元分析方法定义了拓广表型方差(?)(generalized phenotypic variance),拓广遗传方差(?)(generalized genetic variance),拓广遗传力(?)(generalized heritability)和拓广遗传相关系数(?)(generalized genetic correlation coefficient): 这些参数可用来对多个数量性状总体的变异、协变异及不同组向量之间的相关性进行轮廓分析(profile analysis)。用棉花和紫花苜蓿的两个实例说明了这些参数的估算和应用。
语种:
中文
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动物模型及多性状BLUP在家禽遗传鉴定中的应用
作者:
庞航;吴常信;张沅;宫桂芬;毕义辉
期刊:
遗传学报 ,1989年16(4):291-298 ISSN:1673-8527
作者机构:
[宫桂芬; 毕义辉] 北京市原种鸡场;北京农业大学畜牧系;北京农业大学畜牧系 湖南农学院畜牧水产系;[庞航; 吴常信; 张沅] 中国农业大学
关键词:
家禽;动物;模型;多性状BLUP;育种值
摘要:
利用最佳线性无偏预测法(BLUP)估计家畜的育种值,目前除家禽外已在其它各家畜中得到了广泛的应用。本文利用动物模型和多性状BLUP对“京白Ⅰ系”蛋鸡在1986—1987年24个家系的777个个体的系统分组资料进行了分析,估计出了所有个体的复合育种值。其中考虑了两个性状(40周产蛋数和36周蛋重)和两个固定效应(鸡舍-鸡笼效应和孵化批次效应)。同时还对混合模型方程组维数较大时如何在微机上实现进行了研究,即(1)利用磁盘存取系数矩阵的非零元素和中间计算结果;(2)简化了多性状BLUP的计算,利用乔列斯基(Cholesky)分解变换后,此法建立的方程数是常规算法方程数的1/q(q为性状数);(3)简化了方程组迭代求解的方法,即利用块迭代法,这样大大缩短了计算的机吋,节省了费用,使BLUP在家禽中的推广应用成为可能。
语种:
中文
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