作者机构：
[Chen, Li-yun; Xiao, Ying-hui; Tang, Wen-bang; Lei, Dong-yang] Hunan Agr Univ, Rice Res Inst, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, LY ] ;Hunan Agr Univ, Rice Res Inst, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
super hybrid rice;breeding strategy;super parent;hybrid rice seed;production
摘要：
The great progress in super rice breeding both in China and other countries has been made in recent years. However, there were three main problems in super rice breeding: 1) the super rice varieties were still rare; 2) most super rice varieties exhibited narrow adaptability; and 3) current breeding theories emphasized too much on the rice growth model, but they were unpractical in guidance for rice breeding. According to the authors' experience on the rice breeding, the breeding strategies including three steps (super parent breeding, super hybrid rice breeding and super hybrid rice seed production) were proposed, and the objectives of each step and the key technologies to achieve the goals were elucidated in detail. The super parent of hybrid rice should exhibit excellent performance in all agronomic traits, with the yield or sink capacity reached the level of the hybrid rice control in regional trials. The super hybrid rice combination should meet the following criteria: good rice quality, wide adaptation, lodging resistance, resistance to main insects and diseases, and the yield exceeded above 8% over the control varieties in the national and provincial regional trials. To achieve the goal, the technical strategies, such as selecting optimal combination of the parents, increasing selection pressure, paying more attention to harmony of ideal plant type, excellent physiological traits and all the agronomic traits, should be emphasized. The yield of seed production should reach 3.75 t/ha and 5.25 t/ha for the super hybrid rice combinations derived from early-season and middle-season types of male sterile lines, respectively. The main technologies for raising seed production yield included selecting optimum seed production site, using the male sterile line with large sink capacity and good outcrossing characteristics, and improving the amount of the pollen by intensive cultivation of the male parent. According to the technologies of the three-step breeding on super hybrid rice, two super rice parents, including a male parent 996 and a thermo(photo)-genic male sterile [T(P) GMS] line C815S, were bred. Furthermore, a super early hybrid rice combination, Luliangyou 996, which could be used as a double-season early rice variety in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, was bred by using the super rice variety 996 as the male parent, and several hybrid rice combinations with higher yield than control variety in regional trials both of Hunan Province and state were bred with the T(P) GMS line C815S as the female parent.
摘要：
Post-translational modification is central to protein stability and to the modulation of protein activity. Various types of protein modification, such as phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, myristoylation, glycosylation, and ubiquitination, have been reported. Among them, ubiquitination distinguishes itself from others in that most of the ubiquitinated proteins are targeted to the 26S proteasome for degradation. The ubiquitin/26S proteasome system constitutes the major protein degradation pathway in the cell. In recent years, the importance of the ubiquitination machinery in the control of numerous eukaryotic cellular functions has been increasingly appreciated. Increasing number of E3 ubiquitin ligases and their substrates, including a variety of essential cellular regulators have been identified. Studies in the past several years have revealed that the ubiquitination system is important for a broad range of plant developmental processes and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. This review discusses recent advances in the functional analysis of ubiquitination-associated proteins from plants and pathogens that play important roles in plant-microbe interactions.
期刊：
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2005年36(11-12):1385-1403 ISSN：0010-3624
通讯作者：
Huang, Y
作者机构：
[Huang, Y] Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Huitong, Hunan Province, P.R. China ;[Huang, Y] Key Laboratory of Systems Ecology, Research Center for Eco‐Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P.R. China;[Wang, SL] Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Huitong, Hunan Province, P.R. China;[Feng, ZW] Key Laboratory of Systems Ecology, Research Center for Eco‐Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P.R. China;[Wang, H; Huang, H] College of Agronomy , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
通讯机构：
[Huang, Y ] ;Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Key Lab Syst Ecol, POB 2871, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Broadleaf monoculture;Chinese fir;Forest management model;Mixture of broadleaf and conifer;Planted forest;Planted forestland degradation;Soil solution chemistry
摘要：
Abstract After clear‐cutting of the first generation Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) planted forest, five management models, viz. mixture of Chinese fir and Kalopanax septemlobus (MCK), mixture of Chinese fir and Alnus cremastogyne (MCA), pure Kalopanax septemlobus stand (PKS), pure Alnus cremastogyne stand (PAS), and pure Chinese fir stand (PCS), were established in 1983. The effects of these management models on soil were evaluated by measuring physico‐chemical parameters and soil solution chemistry 20 years after planting. Both broadleaf monocultures and mixtures of broadleaf and conifer exerted a favorable effect on soil fertility. The concentrations of the mainly atmospherically derived ions, including SO4 2−, Cl−, Na+, and Mg2+, were significantly higher under conifer than under broadleafs and under mixtures of broadleaf and conifer. Whereas the concentrations of ions that were mainly controlled within system processes such as K+ and NH4 + varied little among various management models, with the exception of NO3 −, which was significantly higher below PAS than below the others. The concentrations of H+ and Al3+ were also highest under the conifer. In addition, the aerosol sulfate and SO2 deposition did not result in a net loss of base cations (on an area basis) from the broadleaf monocultures and mixtures of broadleaf and conifer. However, slight decreases in forest floor bases were observed under the conifer. The observed evidence from this study also suggests that the principal factor for forest soil acidification may be the N deposition and nitrification of NH4 +, but not S deposition in this region.
摘要：
Two G. somalense monosomic alien addition lines were identified from the derived backcross progenies of allohexaploid between G. hirsutum and G. somalense through cytological and morphological observation. Furthermore, the alien addition chromosome was identified and distinguishedby RAPD analysis. A total of 160 RAPD primers were usedfor PCR amplification. Primer SBSG11 could produce a specific molecular marker (600 bp) for monosomic alien addition line Ⅰ (MAAL Ⅰ ). Primer SBSC03 could produce aspecific molecular marker (700 bp) for monosomic alien ad-dition line Ⅱ (MAAL Ⅱ). SBSE07 and SBSE08 could re-spectively produce common molecular marker for mono-somic alien addition lines Ⅰ and Ⅱ. G. somalense alienaddition lines could be important for cotton improvement.
期刊：
Soil Use and Management,2004年20(2):150-155 ISSN：0266-0032
通讯作者：
Huang, Y
作者机构：
Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Key Lab Syst Ecol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Shenyang 110015, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Y] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Key Lab Syst Ecol, POB 2871, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Huang, Y] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Key Lab Syst Ecol, POB 2871, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Eulaliopsis binata;physicochemical properties;biological properties;red soil;southern China;soil quality index
摘要：
Eulaliopsis binata is a perennial fibre-producing plant, which has a growing market in southern China and also has favourable effects on soil and water conservation. In the present study, three land use treatments, Eulaliopsis binata (EB), undisturbed natural grassland (NG) and orange grove (OG) were compared with respect to their effects upon a red soil after 20 years. Of these treatments, EB had the most favourable effects on soil physicochemical and biological properties and on soil microclimate. These properties were combined in a relative soil quality index (RSQI), which gave values in the order EB > OG > NG. Soil microbial numbers and enzyme activities were shown to be sensitive indicators of overall changes in soil properties.
摘要：
The responses of decomposition to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply were investigated in three leaf species: Eichhornia crassipes, Vallisneria natans, and Potamogeton maackianus. Decomposition was fastest in E. crassipes (0.047–0.099 day−1), intermediate in V. natans (about 0.030 day−1), and slowest in P. maackianus (about 0.010 day−1). Increase in P-availability increased the decomposition rate of E. crassipes by 68–87%, whereas the impact of N-availability alone was insignificant. Both N- and P-availability in waters had no significant impact on the decomposition rates of V. natans and P. maackianus (P > 0.05). The effects of P-availability on the N and P content levels of the three species were significant (P < 0.01), except for the impact on N content of V. natans (P = 0.526). In contrast, environment N-availability was insignificant. These results indicate that the responses of decomposition to nutrient availability depend on plant species and nutrient type. P-availability has stronger effects on litter nutrient dynamics than N-availability.
摘要：
The object-oriented paradigm (OOP) provides a methodology for resolving a crop simulation system into subsystems and processes so that a modeler can design objects to simulate their behaviors. Many objects are also devoted to producing object-oriented user interfaces to simplify operation of the simulator. How to integrate these objects on a higher level and how to make models and user interfaces communicate efficiently are the issues addressed in the current research. The proposed model-document-view (MDV) architecture provides the modeler with an extension of OOP programming in crop modeling and a flexible scheme of system management and efficient data communication between simulator and user interface. The main advantage of the MDV architecture is that it separates the domain model, data management, and user interface but allows them to communicate efficiently. By using this architecture, the whole crop modeling system can also be integrated into several MDV groups. The system structure is clear and easy to administer, and communication between objects is more efficient. Here we report our experience with MDV architecture in constructing a rice (Oryza sativa L.) model called Visual Rice Growth Model (VRGM). The objects in VRGM were clustered into three MDV groups. The MDV paradigm was shown to meet the requirements of massive data management and displaying in a crop modeling system. The architecture can be used in any modeling system based on OOP.
关键词：
Aging;Anion leakage;Maize;Sugar leakage;Zea mays L.
摘要：
Conductivity was significantly increased by aging and decreased by osmopriming of maize (Zea mays L.) caryopses. Chloride, phosphate, and sulfate were the main anions that leaked out of maize seeds; their leakage was closely related to conductivity, increased by aging, and decreased by osmopriming. The anion leakage of isolated embryos correlated closely to seed vigor and was more sensitive to aging and priming than that of the whole seed. Anion leakage may be a more sensitive measure for seed vigor than bulk conductivity readings. Aging did not increase the sugar leakage of whole seeds but significantly increased the sugar leakage of isolated embryos. Sugar leakage was not closely related to total soluble sugar content of seeds. While priming decreased seed conductivity, the decreased anion and sugar leakage of the primed seeds was mainly caused by the washing effect during priming. The total anions or sugars left in the polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution after priming and in the conductivity solution of the primed seeds was almost the same as in the conductivity solution of the unprimed seeds alone.
关键词：
cytoplasmic male sterile line;restorer (R-line);sweet maize;waxy maize
摘要：
One key step in using cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) lines in maize hybrid production is selecting a proper restorer (R-line). Six cms lines, GDS (C), C836G (C), C836H (S), CX36B (S), C736CA (T), and C936G (T) were used to study the responses to various restoring resources from inbreds 8112, 478 (common maize), S(0)1, S(0)2 (sweet maize), W(0)1, and W(0)2 (waxy maize). Inbreds from sweet maize could restore the fertility of cms-T and -C lines while inbreds form waxy maize could restore the fertility of cms-s and -C lines. Except GDSxS(0)2, all test-crossed plants which were restored exhibited consistent restoration in spring and autumn 2001. Our report proposes a method to select suitable R-lines for commercial production of maize hybrid.
摘要：
Jasmonates are a new class of plant hormones that play important roles in plant development and plant defense. The COI1 gene was previously shown to be required for jasmonate-regulated plant fertility and defense. We demonstrated for the first time that COI1 interacts with the Arabidopsis SKP1-LIKE1 (ASK1) to form a complex that is required for jasmonate action in planta. Functional analysis by antisense strategy showed that ASK1 is involved in male fertility.
