作者机构：
[Zhou Zhong-hua; Zhou, ZH; Guo Ge] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Wang Xiao-yu; Yang Yu; Wang, XY] Hunan Inst Agr Informat & Engn, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Zhang Shi-zhuang; Gong Zhi-jie; Guo Ge; Xie Guang-hui; Zhang Meng-ling] China Agr Univ, Coll Agron & Biotechnol, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Zhang Shi-zhuang; Gong Zhi-jie; Guo Ge; Xie Guang-hui; Zhang Meng-ling] China Agr Univ, Natl Energy R&D Ctr Nonfood Biomass, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Wang Xiao-yu; Yang Yu; Wang, XY] Hunan Intelligent Agr Engn Technol Res Ctr, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhou, ZH ; Wang, XY ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Inst Agr Informat & Engn, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;Hunan Intelligent Agr Engn Technol Res Ctr, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;Hunan Ind Technol Basic Publ Serv Platform, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.
关键词：
生物质样品;筛选分类集合法;近红外光谱技术;快速检测;模型构建
摘要：
检测生物质原料的灰分含量是高效转化能源的基础, 但传统高温灼烧法测试耗时长、 成本高, 而近红外光谱分析技术能够实现无损、 快速及低成本对未知样本定性或定量的分析。 以5个地点、 10种类型的1 465份生物质原料样品为研究对象, 应用“筛选分类集合法”将样品划分9个集合, 构建近红外光谱生物质样品灰分含量模型。 主要结果为: 玉米秸秆（M）、 小麦秸秆+玉米秸秆+棉花秸秆（WCM）和小麦秸秆+杂草+园林叶（WWL）主因子数分别为5、 6和6； M集合的交叉验证决定系数（R2cv）为0.975, WCM集合的预测决定系数（R2p）为0.983, 模型拟合度最高； 长白皮+棉花秸秆集合（WC）的均方根标准误差（RMSE）最小分别为0.588 7和0.486 4, M集合的交叉验证相对分析误差（RPDcv）最高为6.3, WCM集合的预测相对分析误差（RPDp）最高为7.8, 模型预测精度最高； M集合的交叉验证平均相对偏差ARDcv最小为6%, WCM集合预测平均相对偏差ARDp最小为8%, 木质（W）集合RMSECV/RMSEP为1.01, 模型稳健性最高； 9个生物质样品灰分含量集合模型的R2范围为0.753 8~0.979 4, 建模集与预测集偏差较小均具有较好的线性关系, 其中, H集合（R2=0.942 5）、 M集合（R2=0.979 4）和WCM集合（R2=0.978 7）其拟合度与线性关系最优； L集合（木材边角料）的R2最低, 其值为0.753 8, 判断影响的主要因素是样品中含有泥沙、 粘合剂和油漆等杂质。 为解决常见生物质发电厂原料检测评估问题, 利用9个生物质灰分集合模型对11种生物质样品计算平均相对偏差（ARD）进行预测评估, 草质样品模型预测效果好（ARD范围为3.7%~16.5%）。 应用“筛选分类集合法”划分样品集合来建立近红外光谱生物质灰分含量模型, 其拟合度、 稳健性和精确度都较全样品集合模型性能更高。 Detecting the ash content of biomass raw materials was the basis for efficient energy conversion. However, the traditional high-temperature calcination method was time-consuming and costly, while the near-infrared spectroscopy analysis technology could achieve non-destructive, rapid and low-cost qualitative, and quantitative analysis of unknown samples. This study used 1465 biomass raw material samples of 5 locations and 10 types as the research object. The sample set was divided into 9 sample sets by the “screening classification set method” to construct the ash content model of biomass samples by near-infrared spectroscopy. The main results were as follows: the best principal components of corn straw (M), wheat straw + corn straw + cotton straw (WCM), and wheat straw+weeds+garden leaves (WWL) were 5, 6, and 6, respectively. The R2cv of corn straw (M) was 0.975, the R2p of WCM was 0.983, and the model fitting degree was the highest. The RMSE of the set of Changbai+cotton straw (WC) was 0.588 7 and 0.486 4, respectively. The highest ratio of prediction to deviation (RPDcv) of M was 6.3, and the highest ratio of prediction to deviation (RPDp) of WCM was 7.8. The minimum average relative deviation (ARDcv) of maize straw (M) collection was 6%, the minimum average relative deviation (ARDp) of maize straw and WCM collection was 8%, and the RMSECV/RMSEP of wood (W) collection was 1.01. The R2 range of the set model of ash content of 9 biomass samples was 0.753 8～0.979 4, and there was a good linear relationship between the predicted value and the measured value. Among them, H set (R2=0.942 5), M set (R2=0.979 4) and the WCM set (R2=0.978 7) had the best fitting degree and linear relationship. The R2 of the L set (wood scrap) was the lowest, and its value was 0.753 8. The main factor in judge the influence was that the sample contained impurities such as sediment, adhesive, and paint. In order to solve the problem of raw material detection and evaluation of common biomass power plants, 9 biomass ash collection models were used to predict and evaluate the average relative deviation (ARD) of 11 biomass samples. The grass sample model had a good prediction effect (ARD range was 3.7%～16.5%). The “screening classification set method” was used to divide the sample set to establish the near-infrared spectrum biomass ash content model, and its fitting degree, robustness, and accuracy were higher than those of the full sample set model.
作者机构：
[Duan, Shaowei; Hang, Jiayi; Niu, Yongchao; Huang, Cheng; Man, Chun-Kuen; Lam, Hon-Ming; Wong, Fuk-Ling; Li, Man-Wah; Shi, Da; Chow, Martha L.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Sch Life Sci, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Duan, Shaowei; Hang, Jiayi; Niu, Yongchao; Huang, Cheng; Man, Chun-Kuen; Lam, Hon-Ming; Wong, Fuk-Ling; Li, Man-Wah; Shi, Da; Chow, Martha L.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Ctr Soybean Res, State Key Lab Agrobiotechnol, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Cheng] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Maize Engn Technol Res Ctr Hunan Prov, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Chung, Gyuhwa] Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Yeosu, South Korea.
通讯机构：
[Hon-Ming Lam; Hon-Ming Lam Hon-Ming Lam Hon-Ming Lam] S;School of Life Sciences and the Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China<&wdkj&>For correspondence (e-mail honming@cuhk.edu.hk).
摘要：
Root hair length (RHL) is an important character that affects nutrient acquisition in plants. The regulatory network in soybean controlling RHL is yet to be fully understood. In this study, we identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) regulating RHL. One candidate causal gene in this QTL (GmbHLH113), preferentially expressed in root hairs, was annotated as encoding a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. In wild soybeans, the allelic type of GmbHLH113 with a glycine in the 13th residue, which was associated with a reduction in RHL, was shown to localize in the nucleus and activate gene transcription. Another allelic type with a single nucleotide polymorphism that resulted in a glutamate in the 13th residue is fixed in cultivated soybeans, and it lost the ability to localize to the nucleus or negatively regulate RHL. The ectopic expression of GmbHLH113 from W05 in Arabidopsis root hairs resulted in shorter RHL and reduced phosphorus (P) accumulation in shoots. Hence, a loss-of-function allele in cultivated soybeans might have been selected during domestication due to its association with a longer RHL and improved nutrient acquisition.
作者机构：
[Xing, Hucheng; Jie, Hongdong; Li, Linlin; Zhang, Lang; Jie, Yucheng; Zhang, L; Zhao, Long] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Lang; Tang, Jianwu; Zhang, L] East China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Estuarine & Coastal Res, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China.;[Jie, Yucheng] Hunan Prov Key Lab Crop Germplasm Innovat & Utili, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jie, YC ; Zhang, L] H;[Zhang, L ] E;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;East China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Estuarine & Coastal Res, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China.;Hunan Prov Key Lab Crop Germplasm Innovat & Utili, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
摘要：
A sustainable future depends on increasing agricultural carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sequestration. Winter rapeseeds are facing severe yield loss after waterlogging due to the effects of extreme rainfall, especially in the seedling stage, where rainfall is most sensitive. Uncertainty exists over the farming greenhouse gas (GHG) release of rapeseed seedlings following the onset of waterlogging. The effect of waterlogging on GHG release and leaf gas exchange in winter rapeseed was examined in a pot experiment. The experiment included waterlogging treatments lasting 7-day and 21-day and normal irrigation as a control treatment. According to our findings, (1) The ecosystem of rapeseed seedlings released methane (CH(4)) and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) in a clear up change that was impacted by ongoing waterlogging. Among them, N(2)O release had a transient rise during the early stages under the effect of seedling fertilizer. (2) The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, plant height, soil moisture, and soil oxidation-reduction potential of rapeseed all significantly decreased due to the ongoing waterlogging. However, rapeseed leaves showed a significant increase in intercellular carbon dioxide (CO(2)) concentration and leaf chlorophyll content values after waterlogging. Additionally, the findings demonstrated an extremely significant increase in the sustained-flux global warming potential of the sum CO(2)-eq of CH(4) and N(2)O throughout the entire waterlogging stress period. Therefore, continuous waterlogging can increase C and N release from rapeseed seedlings ecosystem and decrease yield. Therefore, we suggest increasing drainage techniques to decrease the release of agricultural GHGs and promote sustainable crop production.
通讯机构：
[Jingjin Yu; Jingjin Yu Jingjin Yu Jingjin Yu] C;College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
摘要：
Expansins are cell-wall loosening proteins involved in plant cell expansion and elongation. Objectives of this study were to identify expansins related to leaf elongation in a perennial grass species and determine the relationship between the expression of expansin genes and leaf elongation. A total of 20 expansin genes were identified in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), out of which 9 genes belonged to the EXPA- and 11 to the EXPB subfamily. Two genotypes ('TF007' and 'TF116') with different growth rates were used to determine the correlation between expansins and leaf growth. Among the 20 expansins, 16 were differentially expressed in the leaf growth zone in 'TF007' and 'TF116'. The further analysis of gene expression in different leaf segments of 'TF007' and 'TF116' revealed that the expression level of FaEXPB16 was positively correlated with leaf elongation rate, and 'TF007' had a higher leaf elongation rate than 'TF116' due to the greater expression level of FaEXPB16. FaEXPA7 exhibited significantly higher expression level in leaves of the rapid-growing genotypes than the slow-growing genotypes, suggesting that FaEXPA7 acts as a positive regulator for leaf elongation. FaEXPA7 also exhibited its highest expression level in the cell division zone located in the leaf base. FaEXPB3, FaEXPB4-2, and FaEXPB11-2 showed a negative correlation with the leaf elongation rate in 'TF007' and 'TF116' and were highly expressed in leaves of the slow-growing genotypes. As promoting or repressing factors for leaf growth, these five expansins could be used as candidate genes in developing the rapid or slow-growing perennial grass species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Wang Lihong] Baicheng Normal Univ, Coll Tourism & Geog Sci, Baicheng 137000, Jilin, Peoples R China.;[Guan Jianing] Shenyang Agr Univ, Rice Res Inst, Shenyang, Peoples R China.;[Wei Jian] Jilin Agr Univ, Sch Agr, Changchun, Peoples R China.;[Mahmood, Athar] Univ Agr Faisalabad, Dept Agron, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.;[Rasheed, Adnan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wei, J ] J;[Al-Khayri, JM ] K;Jilin Agr Univ, Sch Agr, Changchun, Peoples R China.;King Faisal Univ, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Coll Agr & Food Sci, Al Hasa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
关键词：
biochar;drought stress;hormones;photosynthesis;plant water relations
摘要：
Drought stress (DS) is one of the most destructive abiotic stresses that negatively affects plant growth, and yield. The intensity of DS is continuously increasing due rapid of water sources, less rainfall, and an increase in global warming. The world's population is increasing at an alarming rate which needs a substantial increase in crop production to meet global food needs. Therefore, in this context, we must have to increase crop production in the scenarios of rapid climate change and increasing intensity of abiotic stresses. Globally, different measures are used to mitigate the adverse impacts of DS, recently biochar (BC) has emerged as an excellent soil amendment to mitigate the toxic effects of DS and improve crop production. The application maintains membrane integrity, plant water relations, nutrient homeostasis, photosynthetic performance, hormonal balance and osmolytes accumulation, and gene expression thereby improving plant performance under DS. Moreover, BC application under DS also improves soil organic matter, water holding capacity, soil structure stability, and activity of beneficial microbes which can improve the plant performance under DS. In the present review different mechanisms through which BC mitigates the adverse impacts of DS on plants are discussed. This review provides new suggestions on the role of BC in mitigating the adverse impacts of DS.
期刊：
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY,2023年284:121733 ISSN：1386-1425
通讯作者：
QiYuan Tang
作者机构：
[Zheng, HuaBin; Tang, QiYuan; Wang, WeiQin; Miao, XueXue] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Wang, JieMin; Tao, ShuHua; Miao, XueXue] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Minist Agr, Hunan Rice Res Inst, Key Lab Indica Rice Genet & Breeding Middle & Lowe, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Miao, Ying] South China Agr Univ, Coll Math & Informat, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Yang] Hunan Hybrid Rice Res Ctr, State Key Lab Hybrid Rice, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[QiYuan Tang] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
Characteristic selection;Near-infrared spectroscopy;Nitrogen content;Oryza sativa;Partial least squares regression
摘要：
Nitrogen plays an important role in rice growth, and determination of nitrogen content in rice plants is of great significance in assessing plant nutritional status and allowing precision cultivation. Traditional chemical methods for determining nitrogen content have the disadvantages of destructive sampling and lengthy analysis times. Here, the feasibility of rapid nitrogen content analysis by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy of rice plants was studied. Spectral data from 447 rice samples at several growth stages were used to establish a predictive model. Different spectral preprocessing methods and characteristic selection methods were compared, such as interval partial least-squares (iPLS), synergy interval partial least-squares (SiPLS), and moving-window partial least-squares (mwPLS). The SiPLS method exhibited better performance than mwPLS or iPLS. Specifically, the combination of four subintervals (7, 26, 27, and 28), with characteristic bands at 5299-4451cm(-1) and 10445-10423cm(-1), resulted in the best model. The optimal SiPLS model had a correlation coefficient of 0.9533 and a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.1952 on the prediction set. Compared to using the full spectra, using SiPLS reduced the number of characteristics by 87% in the model, and RMSEP was reduced from 0.2284 to 0.1952. The results demonstrate that NIR spectroscopy combined with the SiPLS algorithm can be applied to quickly determine nitrogen content in rice plants. This study provides a technical framework to guide future precision agriculture efforts with respect to nitrogen application.
通讯机构：
[Dong Ding; Jihua Tang] N;[Zehui Chen] C;National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science;Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China<&wdkj&>College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China<&wdkj&>National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science;Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China<&wdkj&>The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
关键词：
Maize;Seed coat;Heterosis;RNA-seq
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Seed size is an important factor contributing to maize yield, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear. The seed coat, which serves as one of the three components of the maize grain, determines seed size to a certain extent. The seed coat also shares the maternal genotype and is an ideal material for studying heterosis. RESULTS: In this study, the self-pollinated seeds of the maize hybrid Yudan888 and its parental lines were continuously collected from 0day after pollination (DAP) to 15 DAP for phenotyping, cytological observation and RNA-seq. The phenotypic data showed that 3 DAP and 8 DAP are the best time points to study maize seed coat heterosis. Cytological observations indicated that maize seed coat heterosis might be the result of the coordination between cell number and cell size. Furthermore, the RNA-seq results showed that the nonadditive genes changed significantly between 3 and 8 DAP. However, the number of genes expressed additively was not significantly different. Our findings suggest that seed coat heterosis in hybrid is the result of nonadditive expression caused by dynamic changes in genes at different time points during seed expansion and seed coat development. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment indicated that genes related to DNA replication, cell cycle regulation, circadian rhythms and metabolite accumulation contributed significantly to hybrid seed coat heterosis. CONCLUSION: Maize seed coat phenotyping allowed us to infer that 3 DAP and 8 DAP are important time points in the study of seed coat heterosis. Our findings provide evidence for genes involved in DNA replication, cell cycle regulation, circadian rhythms and metabolite accumulation in hybrid with high or low parental expression as major contributors to hybrid seed coat heterosis.
摘要：
Stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum poses a significant threat to global agriculture, leading to substantial economic losses. To explore innovative integrated pest management strategies and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, this study examined the impact of nano-silicon on enhancing resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassica napus. Bacteriostatic assays revealed that nano-silicon effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in a dose-dependent manner. Field trials corroborated the utility of nano-silicon as a fertilizer, substantially bolstering resistance in the Brassica napus cultivar Xiangyou 420. Specifically, the disease index was reduced by 39-52% across three distinct geographical locations when compared to untreated controls. This heightened resistance was attributed to nano-silicon's role in promoting the accumulation of essential elements such as silicon (Si), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca), while concurrently reducing sodium (Na) absorption. Furthermore, nano-silicon was found to elevate the levels of soluble sugars and lignin, while reducing cellulose content in both leaves and stems. It also enhanced the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 22,546 differentially expressed genes in Si-treated Brassica napus post-Sclerotinia inoculation, with the most pronounced transcriptional changes observed one day post-inoculation. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified a module comprising 45 hub genes that are implicated in signaling, transcriptional regulation, metabolism, and defense mechanisms. In summary, nano-silicon confers resistance to Brassica napus against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by modulating biochemical defenses, enhancing antioxidative activities, and rapidly reprogramming key resistance-associated genes. These findings contribute to our mechanistic understanding of Si-mediated resistance against necrotrophic fungi and offer valuable insights for the development of stem-rot-resistant Brassica napus cultivars.
通讯机构：
[Cui, GX ; She, W] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Ramie Res Inst, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Cd toxicity;Ramie;Antioxidative enzyme;Phytochelatins;Glutathione
摘要：
Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) is an industrial crop for the heavy metal-polluted farmland in south China due to its high tolerance and accumulation ability of heavy metals. To investigate if antioxidation enzymes and heavy metal chelators are synergism defense mechanisms of cadmium, YJ, a low-Cd-accumulating, and DY, a high-Cd-accumulating ramie cultivar, were cultivated with increasing concentrations of cadmium such as 0, 5, 25 and 50 mg/L. The Cd accumulation and distribution, oxidation stress, glutathione (GSH), phytochelatins (PCs) as well as the level of the transcripts that encode glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) and phytochelatin synthase (PCS) were determined. After 7 days of Cd exposure, we found that the higher Cd accumulation in DY was associated with higher antioxidative enzyme activities, suggesting that antioxidative enzymes were the crucial factors associated with the diversity in Cd cumulation. YJ suffered less oxidative stress, while higher root activities and soluble protein content, along with higher contents of GSH and PCs were identified in YJ under Cd exposure, particularly under high dose of Cd exposure. Failing to detoxify overmuch Cd owing to GSH and PCs limitation as well as the downregulation of BnGCL1 and BnPCS1 might cause the lower tolerance identified in DY. The results herein reveal that Cd detoxification of the YJ cultivar happened primarily through the regulation of gene expression, increased GSH content, and PCs content, which sequestered Cd in the roots and decreased Cd translocation to the shoots. Furthermore, we infer that the ramie cultivar has evolved different strategies to realize the detoxification of Cd and to tackle the corresponding oxidation stress.
期刊：
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery,2023年:1-11 ISSN：2190-6815
通讯作者：
Guang Hui Xie
作者机构：
[Zhang, Shizhuang; Zhang, Mengling; Xie, Guang Hui] China Agr Univ, Coll Agron & Biotechnol, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Shizhuang; Zhang, Mengling; Xie, Guang Hui] China Agr Univ, Natl Energy R&D Ctr Nonfood Biomass, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Li, Junhui] China Agr Univ, Coll Informat & Elect Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.;[Guo, Ge] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xiaoyu] Hunan Inst Agr Informat & Engn, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Guang Hui Xie] C;College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China<&wdkj&>National Energy R&D Center for Non-Food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
摘要：
Grain filling plays an important role in achieving high grain yield. Manipulating planting densities is recognized as a viable approach to compensate for the reduced yield caused by nitrogen reduction. Understanding the effects of nitrogen fertilization and planting density on superior and inferior grain filling is crucial to ensure grain security. Hence, double-cropping paddy field trials were conducted to investigate the effect of three nitrogen levels (N1, conventional nitrogen application; N2, 10% nitrogen reduction; N3, 20% nitrogen reduction) and three planting densities (D1, conventional planting density; D2, 20% density increase; D3, 40% density increase) on grain yield, yield formation, and grain-filling characteristics at two sowing dates (S1, a conventional sowing date, and S2, a date postponed by ten days) in 2019-2020. The results revealed that the annual yield of S1 was 8.5-14% higher than that of S2. Reducing nitrogen from N2 to N3 decreased the annual yield by 2.8-7.6%, but increasing planting densities from D1 to D3 significantly improved yield, by 6.2-19.4%. Furthermore, N2D3 had the highest yield, which was 8.7-23.8% higher than the plants that had received the other treatments. The rice yield increase was attributed to higher numbers of panicles per m(2) and spikelets per panicle on the primary branches, influenced by superior grain filling. Increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen application significantly affected grain-filling weight, with the 40% density increase significantly facilitating superior and inferior grain filling with the same nitrogen level. Increasing density can improve superior grains while reducing nitrogen will decrease superior grains. These results suggest that N2D3 is an optimal strategy to increase yield and grain filling for double-cropping rice grown under two sowing-date conditions.
摘要：
Salinity and alkali stresses are a major abiotic stress negatively affecting crop productivity around the globe. Therefore, it is mandatory to develop the effective measures to mitigate the adverse impacts of these stresses for ensuring sustainable crop productivity and food security. Therefore, a pot experiment determined the effects of brassinolide application, inoculation with AM fungi (Funneliformis mosseae) and their combined use on the growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant system of Leymus chinensis under saline-alkali stress (0, 150 mmol/L). The mechanism of the two to alleviate the saline-alkali stress of L. chinensis was explored. The physiological and biochemical indexes of Leymus chinensis were significantly affected under saline-alkali stress (150 mmol/L). Inoculation of AM fungi and application of brassinolide effectively increased the biomass accumulation in the upper part (similar to 25-40%) and root (15-35%) system of L. chinensis under saline-alkali stress. Further AMF also improved photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b), photosynthetic rate (Pn), Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), stomata conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), chlorophyll fluorescence antioxidant enzymes (SOD: superoxide dismutase. CAT: catalase APX: ascorbate peroxidase, GR: Glutathione reductase) activity, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA: similar to 40-50%) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2: similar to 30-40%) accumulation. Therefore, under saline-alkali stress conditions, the combination of brassinolide and AM fungi proved better to mitigate their toxic effects.
期刊：
Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization,2023年17(4):3695-3708 ISSN：2193-4126
通讯作者：
Huang Huang<&wdkj&>Jun Wu
作者机构：
[Wu, Jun; Zhang, Yin; Wang, Ren; Huang, Huang; Li, Jianwu; Wu, Dan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Bai, Bin; Li, Jianwu; Wu, Dan] Hunan Hybrid Rice Res Ctr, State Key Lab Hybrid Rice, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Xing] Shanghai Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agro Food Stand & Testing Technol, Shanghai 201403, Peoples R China.;[Deng, Qiyun] Biorice Hunan Co Ltd, Changsha 410323, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Yin; Wang, Ren] Hunan Engineer Res Ctr Rice Field Ecol Planting &, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Huang Huang; Jun Wu] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
This study was conducted to develop fast and nondestructive models for the discrimination of different farming methods and to determine the geographical origin of rice samples from different administrative regions in China using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to build the NIR spectral models. Norris smoothing derivative (NSD) and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) were used as preprocessing methods to reduce the spectral noise and enhance effective information. The results show that it was difficult to distinguish the farming methods with the original spectra plots and PCA score plots except for the rice samples from Heilongjiang Province. In addition, a PLS-DA model combined with NSD preprocessing provided the optimal predictive accuracy of 89.7% for the identification of different farming methods. NSD or MSC preprocessing combined with PLS-DA models provided the best discrimination of the origin traceability. The total accuracy of Northeast China rice samples was 100%, and of the South, East, Central and Southwest China rice samples was 98.2%. The total accuracy of Heilongjiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei, and Sichuan Provinces were 100%, 98.8%, 95.3%, 95.3%, and 93.6%, respectively. These indicate that NIR combined with PLS-DA and NSD or MSC preprocessing can provide a powerful method to distinguish the different farming methods and geographical origin of Chinese rice.
通讯机构：
[Huabin Zheng; Qiyuan Tang] C;College of Agronomy Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China<&wdkj&>Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crop in Southern Paddy Field, Changsha 410128, PR China
摘要：
Forage-food dual-purpose ratoon rice cropping (FFRR) is used to balance forage demands with ratoon rice grain yields, that is whole plant (stem and sheath, panicles) cuttings in the main season are used as forage, and rice in the regeneration season is used as food. In this study, the local ratoon rice production system as the control, we were carried out the field experiment of cultivation practices (cutting time and cutting height), and investigated the system productivity, economic benefits, carbon footprints and energy use efficiency. The energy use efficiency, energy productivity and energy profitability increased with cutting time delay, and cutting height decreased. Significant differences of these index were observed among the treatments for cutting time and cutting height (p < 0.05). Carbon efficiency and carbon sustainability index was in-crease with cutting time delay, and there was significant difference among the treatment of cutting time in 2018 (p < 0.05), the minimum carbon footprint of FFRR was 78.6 kgCO2 t-1 averagely at the cutting time of 30 days after the flowering stage. In 2018, the maximum net income of FFRR was 30,577 CNY hm-2 at a cutting time of 30 days after the flowering stage while the stubble height was 10 cm, and dependent on the forage yield of the main crop; in 2019, the maximum net income of FFRR was 27,326 CNY hm-2 at a cutting time of 10 days after the flowering stage while the stubble height was 10 cm, and dependent on the grain yield of the ratoon crop. Therefore, the optimal cultivation practice of the FFRR (cutting at 30 days after the flowering stage and with a stubble height of 10 cm) showed higher carbon and energy use effi-ciency, economic benefits of the FFRR were fluctuated with the price of forage of the main crop and rice grain of the ratoon crop.
通讯机构：
[Xing, HC ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Ramie Res Inst, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Key Lab Germplasm Resources Innovat & Utilizat, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
摘要：
As a enrichment plant, ramie can be used for the phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil. However, it is worth exploring the role of plant growth regulators and foliar fertilizers in the process of plant growth and development and Cd adsorption. By measuring the agronomic traits, Cd content of aboveground and underground ramie, calculating the Cd transfer coefficient (TF) and Cd bioconcentration factors (BCF), and the correlation between various indicators. This study examined the effects of plant growth regulators and foliar fertilizers on ramie's capacity for Cd accumulation and transportation. Plant growth regulators and foliar fertilizers increased the Cd content of the aboveground ramie, reduced the Cd content of the underground ramie, and increased the TF. Among them, GA-1 increased the Cd content of the aboveground ramie to 3 times more than that of the control and reduced the Cd content of the underground ramie by 54.76%. Salicylic acid (SA) increased the Cd content of the aboveground ramie to three times more than that of the control. The combination of GA and foliar fertilizer reduced the Cd content of the aboveground and underground ramie and the TF and BCF of the underground ramie. After the hormones were sprayed, the TF of ramie had a significant positive correlation with the Cd content of the aboveground ramie; the BCF of the aboveground ramie had a significant positive correlation with the Cd content and TF of the aboveground ramie. The results indicate that Brassinolide (BR), gibberellin (GA), ethephon (ETH), polyamines (PAs), and salicylic acid (SA) have different effects on the enrichment and transport of Cd in ramie. This study provided an effective method to improve the capacity for ramie to adsorb heavy metals during cultivation.
关键词：
ABA metabolism;CRISPR/Cas9;Dormancy;Germination;OsNAC2;Rice
摘要：
Seed dormancy and germination determine the beginning of the life cycle of plants, and the phytohormone ABA plays a crucial role in regulation of seed dormancy and germination. However, the upstream regulatory mechanism of ABA metabolism during dormancy releasing is still remain elusive. In this paper, we present a novel mechanism of OsNAC2 in controlling ABA metabolism and regulation of seed dormancy. OsNAC2 highly expressed during seed development and germination, and overexpression of OsNAC2 strengthened seed dormancy and suppressed germination. Moreover, exogenous phytohormone treatment showed that OsNAC2 acted upstream of GA signaling and downstream of ABA signaling. Additionally, overexpression of OsNAC2 inhibited ABA degradation and increased ABA content during early germination. Further molecular analysis revealed that OsNAC2 directly bound to the ABA metabolism genes promoter and inhibits their transcription in rice protoplasts. These finding could help us explain the genetic regulation mechanism of ABA metabolism during dormancy release and germination in rice.
