通讯机构：
[Yanlin Li; Xingyao Xiong] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China<&wdkj&>Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture, Foshan 528200, China<&wdkj&>School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
This study employed a combination of ultraviolet spectrophotometry, LC-ESI-MS/MS system, and RNA-sequencing technology; the extracts and isolation of total RNA from the red and yellow leaf strains of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) at different developmental stages were subjected to an intercomparison of the dynamic content of chlorophyll and total anthocyanin, flavonoid metabolite fingerprinting, and gene expression. The metabonomic results indicated that one hundred and ninety-two flavonoids were identified, which could be classified into eight categories in the red maple leaves. Among them, 39% and 19% were flavones and flavonols, respectively. The metabolomic analysis identified 23, 32, 24, 24, 38, and 41 DAMs in the AR1018r vs. AR1031r comparison, the AR1018r vs. AR1119r comparison, the AR1031r vs. AR1119r comparison, the AR1018y vs. AR1031y comparison, the AR1018y vs. AR1119y comparison, and the AR1031y vs. AR1119y comparison, respectively. In total, 6003 and 8888 DEGs were identified in AR1018r vs. AR1031r comparison and in the AR1018y vs. AR1031y comparison, respectively. The GO and KEGG analyses showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in plant hormone signal transduction, flavonoid biosynthesis, and other metabolite metabolic processes. The comprehensive analysis revealed that caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (Cluster-28704.45358 and Cluster-28704.50421) was up-regulated in the red strain but down-regulated in the yellow strain, while Peonidin 3-O-glucoside chloride and Pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside were up-regulated in both the red and yellow strains. By successfully integrating the analyses on the behavior of pigment accumulation, dynamics of flavonoids, and differentially expressed genes with omics tools, the regulation mechanisms underlying leaf coloring in red maple at the transcriptomic and metabolomic levels were demonstrated, and the results provide valuable information for further research on gene function in red maple.
摘要：
The main goals of rice breeding nowadays include increasing yield, improving grain quality, and promoting complete mechanized production to save labor costs. Rice grain shape, specified by three dimensions, including grain length, width and thickness, has a more precise meaning than grain size, contributing to grain appearance quality as well as grain weight and thus yield. Furthermore, the divergence of grain shape characters could be utilized in mechanical seed sorting in hybrid rice breeding systems, which has been succeeded in utilizing heterosis to achieve substantial increase in rice yield in the past decades. Several signaling pathways that regulate rice grain shape have been elucidated, including G protein signaling, ubiquitination-related pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, micro RNA process, and some other transcriptional regulatory pathways and regulators. This review summarized the recent progress on molecular mechanisms underlying rice grain shape determination and the potential of major genes in future breeding applications.
摘要：
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice (Oryza sativa) is particularly problematic due to its high risk to human health. Investigating the hidden roles of seed endophytes of rice in influencing Cd accumulation is essential to comprehensively understand the effects of biotic and abiotic factors to food security. Here, the content of Cd in soils and rice (Huanghuazhan) seeds from 19 sites along the Yangtze River exhibited considerable differences. From a biotic perspective, we observed the dominant endophytic bacteria, Stenotrophomonas (7.25 %), contribute to Cd control of rice (below 0.2mg kg(-1)). Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis further suggested that Enterobacteriaceae (15.48 %), altitude and pH were found to be the strong variables that might reduce the Cd uptake of rice. In contrast, Cytophagaceae (0.58 %), latitude and mean annual air pressure had the opposite effect. In pot experiments, after respectively inoculating the isolated endophytic bacteria Stenotrophomonas T4 and Enterobacter R1, N1 (f_Enterobacteriaceae), the Cd contents in shoot decreased by 47.6 %, 21.9 % and 33.0 % compared to controls. The distribution of Cd resistant genes (e.g., czcABC, nccAB, cznA) of Stenotrophomonas, Enterobacteriaceaea and Cytophagaceae further suggested their distinct manners in influencing the Cd uptake of rice. Overall, this study provides new insights into the food security threatened by globally widespread Cd pollution.
期刊：
Biology and Fertility of Soils,2023年59(6):679-696 ISSN：0178-2762
通讯作者：
He, Z.;Wang, C.
作者机构：
[Hu, Ruiwen; Liu, Songfeng; Zeng, Jiaxiong; Shu, Longfei; Wang, Cheng; He, Zhili] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Environm Microbi Res Ctr, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab Zhuhai, 132 East Circle, Guangzhou 510006, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Songfeng; Wang, Cheng] Zhejiang Normal Univ, Key Lab Watershed Earth Surface Proc & Ecol Secur, Jinhua 321004, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Haiming; Mo, Cehui; Cai, Quanying] Jinan Univ, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Guangdong Prov Res Ctr Environm Pollut Control & R, Guangzhou 510632, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Zhigang] Qiqihar Univ, Sch Life Sci & Agr & Forestry, Qiqihar 161006, Peoples R China.;[He, Zhili] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhili He; Cheng Wang] E;Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China<&wdkj&>College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
摘要：
Brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens), a highly destructive insect pest, poses a serious threat to rice (Oryza sativa) production worldwide. Jasmonates are key phytohormones that regulate plant defences against BPH; however, the molecular link between jasmonates and BPH responses in rice remains largely unknown. Here, we discovered a Poaceae-specific metabolite, mixed-linkage β-1,3;1,4-d-glucan (MLG), which contributes to jasmonate-mediated BPH resistance. MLG levels in rice significantly increased upon BPH attack. Overexpressing OsCslF6, which encodes a glucan synthase that catalyses MLG biosynthesis, significantly enhanced BPH resistance and cell wall thickness in vascular bundles, whereas knockout of OsCslF6 reduced BPH resistance and vascular wall thickness. OsMYC2, a master transcription factor of jasmonate signalling, directly controlled the upregulation of OsCslF6 in response to BPH feeding. The AT-rich domain of the OsCslF6 promoter varies in rice varieties from different locations and natural variants in this domain were associated with BPH resistance. MLG-derived oligosaccharides bound to the plasma membrane-anchored LECTIN RECEPTOR KINASE1 OsLecRK1 and modulated its activity. Thus, our findings suggest that the OsMYC2-OsCslF6 module regulates pest resistance by modulating MLG production to enhance vascular wall thickness and OsLecRK1-mediated defence signalling during rice-BPH interactions.
通讯机构：
[Li, L; Luo, ZA ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Arid Land Crop Res Inst, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Peanut Engn & Technol Res Ctr, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
antioxidant enzymes;calcium deficiency;calcium uptake and distribution;peanut;peanut yield
摘要：
Peanut yield in southern China is usually limited by calcium deficiency in soil. Most previous studies have found that small-seed varieties showed higher tolerance than large-seed varieties (e.g. Virginia type) under calcium deficiency, however, our preliminary research found that sensitive varieties also existed in small-seed counterparts. Few studies have been conducted to characterize low-calcium tolerance among small-seed germplasms with genetic diversity, and the differences in physiological characteristics between sensitive and tolerant varieties has not been reported yet. Thus, in order to better understand such differences, the current study firstly collected and characterized a diversity germplasm panel consisting of 50 small-seed peanut genotypes via a 2-year field trial, followed by the physiological characterization in sensitive (HN032) and tolerant (HN035) peanut genotypes under calcium deficiency. As a result, the adverse effects brought by calcium deficiency on calcium uptake and distribution in HN032 was much larger than HN035. In details, calcium uptake in the aboveground part (leaves and stems) was reduced by 16.17% and 33.66%, while in the underground part (roots and pods), it was reduced by 13.69% and 68.09% under calcium deficiency for HN035 and HN032, respectively; The calcium distribution rate in the pods of HN035 was 2.74 times higher than HN032. The utilization efficiency of calcium in the pods of HN035 was 1.68 and 1.37 times than that of HN032 under calcium deficiency and sufficiency, respectively. In addition, under calcium deficiency conditions, the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD, and CAT, as well as the MDA content, were significantly increased in the leaves of HN032, peanut yield was significantly reduced by 22.75%. However, there were no significant changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, MDA content, and peanut yield in HN035. Therefore, higher calcium absorption and utilization efficiency may be the key factors maintaining peanut yield in calcium-deficient conditions for tolerant genotypes. This study lays a solid foundation for selecting low-calcium tolerant varieties in future peanut breeding.
关键词：
Polygonatum sibiricum Delar. ex redoute;Optimization of freeze-drying process;High performance liquid chromatography;Effective ingredients;Determination of content
摘要：
To establish the freeze-drying process and the HPLC method to determine the main effective components and content of freeze-dried Polygonatum sibiricum of China. The results show that the freeze-drying process is a slice thickness at 3 mm, boiling time 2 min, pre-freezing temperature at-35 ??C, low-temperature holding at-10 ??C, low temperature sublimation at 10 ??C and drying temperature at 35 ??C. The optimum HPLC conditions of freeze-dried Polygonatum sibiricum was SepaxGp-C18 (4.6 x 250 mm, 5 ??m), gradient elution of mobile phase A (acetonitrile)-B (ultra -pure water), detection wavelength of 254 nm, the flow rate of 1 mL/min, column temperature of at 30 ??C and injection volume of 10 ??L. Polygonatum sibiricum from different producing areas contains a variety of amino acids, diosgenin, sugars, and other active ingredients. The protein content of Polygonatum sibiricum from Yunnan Pu???er is the highest among them, and that of Shangluo in Shaanxi is the lowest. The total sugar content of Polygonatum sibiricum in Puer is the highest, while that of Polygonatum sibiricum in Wenshan is the lowest. And the diosgenin of Polygonatum sibiricum in Lijiang is the highest. In this study, the freeze-drying process of Polyg-onatum sibiricum was established, and the main effective components and contents of freeze-dried Polygonatum sibiricum was determined as the better HPLC method, provided theoretical and technical support for the rational development and utilization of Polygonatum sibiricum.
作者机构：
[Zeng, Jing; Ruan, Ying; Liu, Chunlin; Tian, Minyu] Hunan Agr Univ, Key Lab Hunan Prov Crop Epigenet Regulat & Dev, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zeng, Jing; Ruan, Ying; Liu, Chunlin; Xie, Xiang; Tian, Minyu] Hunan Agr Univ, Key Lab Crop Physiol & Mol Biol, Minist Educ, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Lanpeng] City Univ Hong Kong, Sch Energy & Environm, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Lanpeng] City Univ Hong Kong, State Key Lab Marine Pollut, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ying Ruan; Chunlin Liu] K;Key Laboratory of Hunan Provincial on Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Plant trichomes formed by specialized epidermal cells play a role in protecting plants from biotic and abiotic stresses and can also influence the economic and ornamental value of plant products. Therefore, further studies on the molecular mechanisms of plant trichome growth and development are important for understanding trichome formation and agricultural production. SET Domain Group 26 (SDG26) is a histone lysine methyltransferase. Currently, the molecular mechanism by which SDG26 regulates the growth and development of Arabidopsis leaf trichomes is still unclear. We found that the mutant of Arabidopsis (sdg26) possessed more trichomes on its rosette leaves compared to the wild type (Col-0), and the trichome density per unit area of sdg26 is significantly higher than that of Col-0. The content of cytokinins and jasmonic acid was higher in sdg26 than in Col-0, while the content of salicylic acid was lower in sdg26 than in Col-0, which is conducive to trichome growth. By measuring the expression levels of trichome-related genes, we found that the expression of genes that positively regulate trichome growth and development were up-regulated, while the negatively regulated genes were down-regulated in sdg26. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis, we found that SDG26 can directly regulate the expression of genes related to trichome growth and development such as ZFP1, ZFP5, ZFP6, GL3, MYB23, MYC1, TT8, GL1, GIS2, IPT1, IPT3, and IPT5 by increasing the accumulation of H3K27me3 on these genes, which further affects the growth and development of trichomes. This study reveals the mechanism by which SDG26 affects the growth and development of trichomes through histone methylation. The current study provides a theoretical basis for studying the molecular mechanism of histone methylation in regulating leaf trichome growth and development and perhaps guiding the development of new crop varieties.
摘要：
Cold stress significantly constrains the growth, development, productivity, and distribution of rice, particularly the indica cultivar, known for its susceptibility to cold, limiting its cultivation to specific regions. This study investigated the genes associated with cold responsiveness in the roots of two indica cultivars, SQSL (cold-tolerant) and XZX45 (cold-susceptible), through transcriptome dynamics analysis during the seedling stage. The analysis identified 8144 and 6427 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in XZX45 and SQSL, respectively. Among these DEGs, 4672 (G2) were shared by both cultivars, while 3472 DEGs (G1) were specific to XZX45, and 1755 DEGs (G3) were specific to SQSL. Additionally, 572 differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) from 48 TF families, including WRKY, NAC, bHLH, ERF, bZIP, MYB, C2H2, and GRAS, were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment of DEGs in the G3 group, particularly in the "response to cold" category, highlighting the crucial role of these specific genes in response to cold stress in SQSL. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated pronounced enrichment of DEGs in the G3 group in metabolic pathways such as "Pyruvate metabolism", "Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis", and "Starch and sucrose metabolism", contributing to cold tolerance mechanisms in SQSL. Overall, this study provides comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cold responses in the indica cultivar, informing future genetic improvement strategies to enhance cold tolerance in susceptible indica rice cultivars.
作者：
Ye, Nenghui;Wang, Yuxing;Yu, Huihui;Qin, Zhonge;Zhang, Jianhua;...
期刊：
Plants-Basel,2023年12(14):2665- ISSN：2223-7747
通讯作者：
Duan, Meijuan;Liu, L;Zhang, JH
作者机构：
[Liu, Ling; Qin, Zhonge; Duan, Meijuan; Yu, Huihui; Liu, L; Wang, Yuxing; Ye, Nenghui; Duan, MJ] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Hunan Prov Key Lab Rice Stress Biol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Ling; Duan, Meijuan; Liu, L; Ye, Nenghui; Duan, MJ] Hunan Agr Univ, Key Lab Crop Physiol & Mol Biol, Minist Educ, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Jianhua] Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Biol, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Jianhua] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Agrobiotechnol, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, L ; Duan, MJ; Zhang, JH ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Hunan Prov Key Lab Rice Stress Biol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Key Lab Crop Physiol & Mol Biol, Minist Educ, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Biol, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.;Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Agrobiotechnol, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
关键词：
salt tolerance;trehalose;abscisic acid;OsTPP3;rice seedling
摘要：
Salt stress is one of the major environmental stresses that imposes constraints to plant growth and production. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been well-proven to function as a central integrator in plant under salt stress, and trehalose (Tre) has emerged as an excellent osmolyte to induce salt tolerance. However, the interacting mechanism between ABA and Tre in rice seedlings under salt stress is still obscure. Here, we found that the application of exogenous Tre significantly promoted the salt tolerance of rice seedlings by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, the expression of OsNCED3 was significantly induced by salt stress. The overexpression of the OsNCED3 gene enhanced the salt tolerance, while the knockout of OsNCED3 reduced the salt tolerance of the rice seedlings. Metabolite analysis revealed that the Tre content was increased in the OsNCED3-overexpressing seedlings and reduced in the nced3 mutant. The application of both ABA and Tre improved the salt tolerance of the nced3 mutant when compared with the WT seedling. OsTPP3 was found to be induced by both the ABA and salt treatments. Consistent with the OsNCED3 gene, the overexpression of OsTPP3 enhanced salt tolerance while the knockout of OsTPP3 reduced the salt tolerance of the rice seedlings. In addition, the Tre content was also higher in the OsTPP3-overexpressing seedling and lower in the tpp3 mutant seedling than the WT plant. The application of exogenous Tre also enhanced the salt tolerance of the tpp3 mutant plant. Overall, our results demonstrate that salt-increased ABA activated the expression of OsTPP3, which resulted in elevated Tre content and thus an improvement in the salt tolerance of rice seedlings.
摘要：
Drought stress is a serious threat to the germination of plant seeds and the growth of seedlings. Melatonin has been proven to play an important role in alleviating plant stress. However, its effect on seed germination under drought conditions is still poorly understood. Therefore, we studied the effects of melatonin on rice seed germination and physiological characteristics under drought stress. Rice seeds were treated with different concentrations of melatonin (i.e., 0, 20, 100, and 500 μM) and drought stress was simulated with 5% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000). The results showed that 100 μM melatonin can effectively improve the germination potential, rate and index; the vigor index of rice seeds; and the length of the shoot and root. In addition, that treatment also increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). The grey relational grade between the shoot MDA content and the melatonin seed-soaking treatment was the highest, which could be useful for evaluating the effect of melatonin on drought tolerance. Two-way analysis of variance showed that the effect of single melatonin treatment on rice seeds was more significant than that of single drought stress and interaction treatment of drought and melatonin (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The subordinate function results showed that 100 μM melatonin significantly improved the germination and physiological indexes of rice seeds and effectively alleviated the adverse effects of drought stress on rice seedlings. The results helped to improve the understanding of the morphological and physiological involvement of melatonin in promoting seed germination and seedling development under drought stress.
通讯机构：
[Junwei Lu] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Orient Science & Technology College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
通讯机构：
[Nan Zhou] H;Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
The zero-valent transition bimetallic system has an excellent performance in antibacterial, but its worse stability, dispersibility and complex preparation process affect its application in water treatment. In this study, we synthesized a magnetic biochar-supported Fe-0/Cu-0 (BC@Fe-0/Cu-0) using waste reed straw, iron salts and copper salts as raw materials by a green and facile one-step carbothermal reduction for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) inactivation. Results indicated that the introduce of biochar not only improved the dispersion of metal particles, but also promote the successful generation of low valence ferric (Fe-0) and low valence copper (Cu-0), which were critical for antibacterial. In the antibacterial experiments, BC@Fe-0/Cu-0 achieved 100 % inactivation of E. coli and 97.05 % inactivation of S. aureus within an hour without adding additional substances or energy. Importantly, the BC@Fe-0/Cu-0 also displayed splendid antibacterial effect against harmful microorganisms in authentic water matrix and showed sound reusability and stability, with a >88 % antibacterial efficiency after 8 cycles. According to the Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) results, center dot OH and center dot O-2(-) were the major reactive oxygen species (ROS), generating from the reaction between low valence metal (Fe-0 and Cu-0) and O-2/H2O. This study provides a novel approach to prepare a prospective composite with efficient antibacterial for water treatment.
通讯机构：
[Huilin Yang; Zinan Luo; Dengwang Liu] C;College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Arid Land Crop Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Arid Land Crop Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
摘要：
Peanut is vulnerable under waterlogging stress, and it is important to explore efficient agronomic practices to reduce adverse effects induced by waterlogging stress. In this study, the effects of waterlogging stress on plant morphology, physiological and biochemical characters in peanut seedlings were studied. It was founded waterlogging stress posted adverse effects on plant growth and development and triggered the activities of antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustment substances to improve the plant tolerance under stress. It was also found that exogenous calcium fertilization could significantly improved root growth and development under stress. Moreover, higher dose of calcium fertilizer (1600 mg/kg) showed better performance on improving waterlogging tolerance than lower dose one (800 mg/kg) in peanut seedlings. This study explored positive effects of exogenous calcium on recovering damages especially in roots caused by waterlogging stress, providing a theoretical guidance in agronomic practice to improve waterlogging tolerance, and laying a foundation for agronomic practice when further discovering molecular mechanisms in response to waterlogging stress.
摘要：
In southern China, the fresh shoots of rape are used as a high-quality seasonal vegetable owing to their pleasant taste. In this study, we investigated the taste and quality of fresh shoots of Fanmingyoutai, which was derived from WH23 by Co-60 mutation. WH23 was used as a control (CK). Physiological indexes, transcriptome analyses, and metabolomics analyses between Fanmingyoutai and CK were studied and the related key differential genes were identified. The results showed that the glucosinolate content of Fanmingyoutai seeds was 51.14% lower than that of CK, and the contents of soluble sugar and vitamin C in the fresh shoots of Fanmingyoutai were 2.1 times and 1.4 times higher, respectively, than CK. Using transcriptome analyses, we identified that the differential genes were involved in glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. Metabolomics analyses demonstrated that the contents of sucrose and D-fructose in the fresh shoots of Fanmingyoutai were 1.22 times and 1.15 times higher, respectively, than those in CK. Using qRT-PCR analyses, the expression of SWEET17, STP5, and GSL in the fresh shoots and leaves of Fanmingyoutai was two times higher than that in CK. SWEET17 (involved in sugar production and transport), STP5 (involved in monosaccharide transport), and GSL (involved in glucosinolate accumulation) may be the key functional genes. We concluded that the low glucosinolate content and high sucrose and D-fructose contents may be the main factors affecting the taste of fresh shoots of Fanmingyoutai and CK; SWEET17, STP5, and GSL may be the key related genes. This research provides a reference for the breeding and molecular mechanisms of new edible rape varieties.
摘要：
The application of nitrogen fertilizer is crucial to the growth and biological nitrogen fixation of peanut, especially in the seedling stage where nodules have not yet formed. However, it is still uncertain how much initial nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to promote peanut root growth, nodule formation, and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). There, a 2-year pot experiment was conducted using Huayu 22 (HY22, large-grain cultivar) and Huayu 39 (HY39, small-grain cultivar) as experimental materials to research the effects of different initial nitrogen fertilizer application rates on peanut root growth (root weight, root length, root mean diameter, root activity) and biological nitrogen fixation capacity (nodule number, nodule weight, biological nitrogen fixation, and nitrogen fixation potential per plant). N-0, as control, four initial nitrogen fertilizer application rates were established: 15 kg<middle dot>hm(-2) (N-15), 30 kg<middle dot>hm(-2) (N-30), 45 kg<middle dot>hm(-2) (N-45), and 60 kg<middle dot>hm(-2) (N-60). The present results showed that the nodule number, nodule dry weight, nitrogenase activity, and biological nitrogen fixation of the HY22 cultivar under the N-15 treatment were higher compared to those under other treatments over the two growing seasons. In addition, the cultivar of HY39 treated with the N-15 treatment also increased the nitrogen fixation potential per plant and BNF relative to other treatments. Although the application of 60 kg<middle dot>hm(-2) nitrogen increased the root surface area and root volume, it decreased the nitrogenase activity, nodule dry weight, and nitrogen fixation potential per plant of HY22 and HY39 varieties in both growing seasons. Above all, an initial nitrogen application of 15 kg<middle dot>hm(-2) may be the optimal treatment for promoting peanut nodule formation and biological nitrogen fixation.
关键词：
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing;cell wall;genome-wide association study;polygalacturonase;rice plant height
摘要：
Plant height is one of the most crucial components of plant structure. However, due to its complexity, the genetic architecture of rice plant height has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to determine rice plant height using 178 commercial rice varieties and identified 37 loci associated with rice plant height (LAPH). Among these loci, in LAPH2, we identified a polygalacturonase gene, OsPG3, which was genetically and functionally associated with rice plant height. The rice plant exhibits a super dwarf phenotype when the knockout of the OsPG3 gene occurs via CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that OsPG3 modulates the expression of genes involved in phytohormone metabolism and cell-wall-biosynthesis pathways. Our findings suggest that OsPG3 plays a vital role in controlling rice plant height by regulating cell wall biosynthesis. Given that rice architecture is one of the most critical phenotypes in rice breeding, OsPG3 has potential in rice's molecular design breeding toward an ideal plant height.
摘要：
Copper (Cu) is one of the essential microelements and widely participates in various pathways in plants, but excess Cu in plant cells could induce oxidative stress and harm plant growth. Rice (Oryza sativa) is a main crop food worldwide. The molecular mechanisms of rice in response to copper toxicity are still not well understood. In this study, two-week-old seedlings of the rice cultivar Nipponbare were treated with 100μM Cu(2+) (CuSO(4)) in the external solution for 10 days. Physiological analysis showed that excess Cu significantly inhibited the growth and biomass of rice seedlings. After Cu treatment, the contents of Mn and Zn were significantly reduced in the roots and shoots, while the Fe content was significantly increased in the roots. Meanwhile, the activities of antioxidant enzymes including SOD and POD were dramatically enhanced after Cu treatment. Based on metabolomic analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods, 695 metabolites were identified in rice roots. Among these metabolites, 123 metabolites were up-regulated and 297 were down-regulated, respectively. The differential metabolites (DMs) include carboxylic acids and derivatives, benzene and substituted derivatives, carbonyl compounds, cinnamic acids and derivatives, fatty acyls and organ nitrogen compounds. KEGG analysis showed that these DMs were mainly enriched in TCA cycle, purine metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways. Many intermediates in the TCA cycle and purine metabolism were down-regulated, indicating a perturbed carbohydrate and nucleic acid metabolism. Taken together, the present study provides new insights into the mechanism of rice roots to Cu toxicity.
