作者机构：
[姚帮松; 匡迎春] College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[段建南] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[沈岳] College of Information Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, China
摘要：
Applying biochar to soils may cause a win-win situation resulting in C sequestration and soil fertility improvement. The effect may be more evident in highly weathered and infertile tropical soils, but will be dependent on biochar quality. An Ultisol, typical to southern China, was used to evaluate amendment with biochars produced by a range of temperatures and durations, to investigate its effects on soil properties and plant growth. Rice straw-derived biochars were charred at temperatures from 250 to 450 degrees C for between 2 and 8 h. The increase of temperature caused smaller less structured (as viewed by SEM) fragments to form with less 0, H and aliphatic C functional groups, but more aromatic C as indicated by infrared spectroscopy. The mean residence time of biochars under controlled conditions (25 degrees C, 40% field capacity) was estimated from 244 to 1700 years, generally increasing with charring temperature and duration. Amendment of 1% biochar increased pH by 0.1-0.46 (P < 0.01) and CEC by 3.9-17.3% (P < 0.05), but had no effect on aggregate stability. In pot trials maize biomass was increased by 64% (without NPK) to 146% (with NPK) after biochar amendment. The study emphasizes that amendment with biochar can improve soil fertility at least in the short term. Future studies focusing on the persistence of biochar fertility in the field must explicitly take into account additional factors to transfer this technology. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
The ZnO nanorods (diameter of 40 nm and 100 nm) were modified with Ru(dcbpy)(2)(NCS)(2) (RuN3), and their responses to formaldehyde were measured at room temperature. All the results showed that the responses to formaldehyde of modified ZnO were higher than that of bare ZnO; especially the responses of modified ZnO nanorods with diameter of 40 nm-5 ppm formaldehyde was about 200% higher than that of bare ZnO. The UV-vis absorption spectrum and transient photovoltage analysis showed that the high responses of modified ZnO mainly arose from the strong photocatalytic oxidizing effect induced by the increasing of the absorption and photo-generated electron-hole separation. Our results demonstrate that the modification of RuN3 is a promising approach on improving the formaldehyde responses of ZnO nanorods. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[罗琳; 黄圣生] School of Resources Processing and Biological, Central South University, Changsha 410012, China;[罗琳; Luo, Lin; 刘艳; 魏建宏] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
School of Resources Processing and Biological, Central South University, China
作者：
Luo, Huili;Huang, Shengsheng;Luo, Lin;Liu, Yan
期刊：
Proceedings of the 2011 2nd International Conference on Digital Manufacturing and Automation, ICDMA 2011,2011年:297-300
通讯作者：
Luo, H.(luohuili770121@126.com)
作者机构：
[Luo, Huili; Huang, Shengsheng] School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China;[Luo, Lin; Liu, Yan; Luo, Huili] School of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
作者机构：
[罗琳; 黄圣生] School of Resources Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;[罗琳; Luo, Lin; 刘艳; 田杰] School of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
School of Resources Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, China
作者机构：
[邓娜; 杨寅群; 李怀恩; 史冬庆] Northwest Water Resources and Environment Ecology Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China;[杨寅群] School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 710069, China;[邓娜] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 4100126, China
通讯机构：
Northwest Water Resources and Environment Ecology Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Technology, China
摘要：
The ZnO nanorods with different diameters (similar to 300, 100, 40 nm) and nanoparticles (similar to 6 nm) were prepared, and their sensitivities to formaldehyde at room temperature were measured with and without the UV light irradiation (the intensity of light is 0.155 mW/cm(2)). The XRD, TEM and SEM were utilized to examine the size of crystal and the morphology of material. The transient photovoltage and photoluminescence spectra were utilized to investigate the photoelectric properties of ZnO. The ZnO nanorods with diameter of similar to 40 nm own the highest response to formaldehyde with the UV light illumination than that of other samples. It is attributed to the large surface-to-volume ratio and high photo-generated charge efficiency, which are two key parameters to determine the gas response. The transient photovoltage results further demonstrate that the photo-generated charge efficiency of gas sensing element decreases as the surface-to-volume ratio increases (i.e. the size of crystal decreases). Therefore, the particles with highest sensitivity are of a certain size, neither the largest nor the smallest tested. Our work may supply a direction to fabricate the high performance gas sensor with UV light illumination. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Two highly water-soluble amino acids,which derived fromβ-CDs,i.e.,glutamic acid-β-cyclodextrin(GluCD)and ethylene-diamine-β-cyclodextrin(EDCD),were synthesized and were examined for their effect on solubilization of anthracene(ANT),complexation of cadmium(Cd~(2+)),and elution removal of ANT and Cd~(2+)in soil.The results showed that GluCD and EDCD were powerful complexant for ANT and Cd~(2+).In the presence of 10 g/L GluCD and EDCD,the solubilization of ANT increased by 47.04 and 23.85 times compared to the control,respectively.GluCD resulted in approximately 90%complexation of Cd~(2+)while 70%complexation was observed for EDCD.Simultaneously,GluCD and EDCD could greatly enhance the elution removal of ANT and Cd~(2+)from soil.GluCD resulted in the highest elution effciency of ANT and Cd~(2+).With the addition of 10 g/L GluCD,53.5%of ANT and 85.6%of Cd~(2+)were eluted,respectively.The ANT had a negligible effect on the Cd~(2+)removal due to different complexing sites of ANT and Cd~(2+),while Cd~(2+)enhanced the ANT removal under the addition of GluCD because Cd~(2+)neutralized the-COOH group of GluCD.Adversely,the removal of ANT was decreased with Cd~(2+)under the addition of EDCD,this was due to the fact that Cd~(2+)enhanced the polarity of EDCD molecule and inhibited the complexation between ANT and EDCD.The study suggested that GluCD could be preferred and be successfully applied to remediation of heavy metals or organic compounds in contaminated soil
摘要：
In order to explore the mechanism of acute toxicity for pyrene to cyanobacterial organisms, the responses of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 photosystem II (PS II) under pyrene stress were studied. The results showed there was no significant difference about the oxygen evolution under 0.125 mg/L pyrene stress when compared with control, but it was significantly lower than control at 0.625 mg/L pyrene. Polyphasic chlorophyll-a fluorescence transients in cells of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 exhibited a typical increase including O, J, I, and P phases. Fluorescence yield at phases J, I and P declined slightly at 0.125 and 0.625 mg/L pyrene, and significantly lower than control at 3.125 mg/L. According to the parameters deviated from JIP-test, no modification was induced by pyrene both at the donor side and at the acceptor side of PS II, and the reaction centre of PS II is the primary damaging target. Based on the expressing of four key genes (psbA, psbB, psbC and psbO) of PS II, only psbA showed significant difference at 3.125 mg/L pyrene when compared with control.
作者机构：
[孔祥斌; 张青璞; 李涛; 赵晶; 王红雨] Department of Land Resource and management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;[谭敏] College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[李翠珍] School of Public Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
通讯机构：
Department of Land Resource and management, China Agricultural University, China
摘要：
The biosorption of copper(II) and zinc(II) from aqueous solution by intact and pre-treated biomass of Oscillatoria planctonica was studied. The biosorption was pH dependent and the adsorption capacity decreased with the biosorbent to solution ratio increasing. The maximum removal ratios were 84.84% and 68.22% respectively in pre-treated biomass. The biosorption followed both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model and the adsorption equilibrium was reached in about 1 h. The adsorbed Cu(II) and Zn(II) could be desorbed effectively by 0.1 M nitric acid. The experimental results indicated that Oscillatoria planctonica was effective in removing Cu(II) and Zn(II) from wastewater.
