作者机构：
Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, China;Key Field Monitoring Experimental Station for Reddish Paddy Soil Co-Environment in Wangcheng, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China;College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;[Yang Z.; Lu Y.; Liao Y.] Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China, Key Field Monitoring Experimental, Station for Reddish Paddy Soil Co-Environment in Wangcheng, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Zheng S.; Xie J.; Nie J.] Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China, Key Field Monitoring Experimental, Station for Reddish Paddy Soil Co-Environment in Wangcheng, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
通讯机构：
[Shengxian Zheng] S;Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Key Field Monitoring Experimental Station for Reddish Paddy Soil Co-Environment in Wangcheng, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
关键词：
fertilizer;pig manure;rice straw;rice yield;potassium balance;double rice cropping system
摘要：
Yangtze River is always the high-frequency area of flood disaster in China. Though the measures of defending flood and reducing disaster damage have been greatly enhanced with the development of science and technology, economic losses that flood had made are much bigger than ever before because of the advance of society and the rapid development of economy. Facing the increasingly serious flood disaster and other natural problem, governments at all levels pay much attention to how to defend disaster and reduce disasters damage, and now began to use technology to promote the development of disaster prevention system. Using remote sensing data as main data resource and considering indices of natural factor, flood control works and social and economic elements, this research discussed the thinking of fast early warning of flood in Changzhutan area and main technology of flood danger estimation with the support of city flood danger estimation model, disaster division model and disaster analysis model under the comprehensively apply of 3S technology and geographic information system platform software.
作者机构：
[周卫军; 谭周进; 陈建国; 张杨珠] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Zeng X.-B.] Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
通讯机构：
[Zhou, W.-J.] C;College of Resources and Environment, , Changsha 410128, China
作者机构：
湖南农业大学资源与环境学院,长沙,410128;湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙,410125;农业部望城红壤水稻土生态环境重点野外科学观测实验站,长沙,410125;[谢坚] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China, Hunan Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Changsha 410125, China;[鲁艳红; Yang Z.-P.; 廖育林] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China, Hunan Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Changsha 410125, China, Min. of Agric. Key Fld. Monitoring Exp. Station for Reddish Paddy Soil Eco-environment in Wangcheng, Changsha 410125, China
通讯机构：
[Lu, Y.-H.] C;College of Resources and Environment, , Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
The removal of hexavalent and trivalent chromium from hydroponic solution by plants to changes in temperature was investigated. Pre-rooted hybrid willows (Salix matsudana Koidz x alba L.) were exposed to a nutrient solution spiked with potassium chromate (K2CrO4) or chromium chloride (CrCl3) for 4 days. Ten different temperatures were tested ranging from 11 to 32A degrees C. Total Cr in solutions and in plant materials were all analyzed quantitatively. The results revealed that large amounts of the applied Cr were removed from the hydroponic solution in the presence of the plants. Significantly faster removal of Cr(III) than Cr(VI) was achieved by hybrid willows from the hydroponic solutions at all temperatures (P < 0.01). The removal rates of both chemical forms of Cr by plants increased linearly with the increase of temperatures. The highest removal rate of Cr(VI) was found at 32A degrees C with a value of 1.99 mu g Cr/g day, whereas the highest value of Cr(III) was 3.55 mu g Cr/g day at the same temperature. Roots were the main sink for Cr accumulation in plants at all temperatures. Translocation of both chemical forms of Cr from roots to lower stems was only found at temperatures a parts per thousand yen24A degrees C. The temperature coefficient values (Q (10)) were 2.41 and 1.42 for Cr(VI) and Cr(III), respectively, indicating that the removal of Cr(VI) by hybrid willows was much more susceptible to changes in temperature than that of Cr(III). This information suggests that changes in temperature have a substantial influence on the uptake and accumulation of both chemical forms of Cr by plants.
