作者： Zhong, Xuemei;Zhou, Xuan;Fei, Jiangchi;Huang, Ying*;Wang, Gang;...

期刊： Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2021年306:107183 ISSN：0167-8809

通讯作者： Huang, Ying;Peng, Jianwei

作者机构： [Kang, Xingrong; Zhang, Huiru; Zhong, Xuemei; Hu, Wenfeng; Rong, Xiangmin; Fei, Jiangchi; Peng, Jianwei; Huang, Ying] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Xuan] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Soil & Fertilizer, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Gang] Heshan Agr & Rural Bur, Agr Resources & Conservat Management Stn, Yiyang 413000, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Huang, Y; Peng, JW] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.

关键词： Ammonia volatilization;Double-cropping paddy field;Machine-transplanted rice;Nitrogen use efficiency;Side-deep fertilization

摘要： Ammonia (NH3) volatilization contributes to major nitrogen (N) fertilizer loss in rice fields. Deep fertilization can effectively mitigate NH3 volatilization and increase N use efficiency (NUE) in agroecosystems. However, the effects of machine-transplanted rice with side-deep fertilization (MRSF) on NUE and NH3 volatilization from paddy fields in double-cropping systems are still unknown. In this study, a field experiment was conducted with double-cropping rice fields in two regions in Southern China (Miluo and Yiyang). NH3 volatilization was measured during the rice growing seasons using the continuous airflow enclosed chamber method under different N application rates with MRSF treatments. The results show that NH3 fluxes in rice soil subjected to different N application rates varied. The ratio of total NH3 loss to applied N by conventional fertilization (CF) ranged from 41.2 to 45.3% in the early-season rice (ESR) and from 44.9 to 45.2% in the late-season rice (LSR). Unlike CF treatment, MRSF treatments significantly reduced the cumulative NH3 loss by approximately 24.8–26.9 % in Miluo and 20.1–20.8 % in Yiyang for ESR and by 18.6–23.0 % in Miluo and 20.2–21.8 % in Yiyang for LSR. MRSF treatments increased the content of available N in the soil by 0.2–8.8 % and 0.7–6.6 % in Miluo and Yiyang, respectively. Moreover, this mitigation effect is expected to be more effective with lower N application rates. An NH3 accumulation model described by the Elovich equation was established over the study period; notably, the field observations fitted the calculated values well. MRSF with a 20–30 % reduction in N application rate yielded a higher NUE in terms of N recovery efficiency (NRE), by 11.5–27.9 % and 11.7–23.7 % in Miluo and 8.2–17.0 % and 7.0–25.8 % in Yiyang relative to that of the CF treatment in ESR and LSR, respectively. Overall, MRSF can reduce the N loss through NH3 volatilization while improving content of available N in the soil and NUE; therefore, further maximizing the yield and simplifying fertilization practices for a cleaner rice production in Southern China. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

语种： 英文

作者： 朱臻;杨相东;徐章倩;费讲驰;彭建伟;...

期刊： 植物营养与肥料学报,2021年27(02):332-345 ISSN：1008-505X

作者机构： [彭建伟; 黄颖; 费讲驰; 荣湘民; 朱臻; 徐章倩] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院/土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室;[杨相东] 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室;[杨肖娥] 浙江大学环境与资源学院/环境修复与生态健康教育部重点实验室

关键词： 叶片吸收;转运;重金属;可食部位积累;大气沉降

摘要： 近年来,农产品的重金属超标问题已经引起了公众的广泛关注,也是国内外学者研究的热点。要实现农产品重金属污染的有效防控,首先需要解决的就是重金属来源问题。目前已有的研究大多集中在根系对土壤中重金属的吸收机制研究,且已基本探明作物根系对重金属的吸收转运机制,包括根际离子的活化,根细胞的吸附和扩散、跨膜运输,根皮层细胞的横向运输,中柱的薄壁细胞到木质部导管的装载,木质部向地上部的转运等一系列过程。但大气沉降对农产品重金属积累的贡献及叶片的吸收、转运和积累机制尚不清楚。若能深入研究农作物叶片对重金属的吸收、转运和存储机制,从分子层面解析其关键作用过程,则可从叶面吸收的角度实现农产品重金属积累的有效阻控,为保证农产品安全提供新的思路。本研究依据已发表文献,归纳并对比了叶片和根系对重金属的吸收、转运、区隔、积累过程及其主要机制,对比两种吸收途径下重金属的迁移、转运系数及对农产品可食部位的贡献率。发现植物可通过根系和叶片两种途径吸收重金属,已有研究中叶片吸收的重金属在作物体内可食部位的迁移和转运系数大大高于根系吸收的重金属,说明大气沉降是农产品重金属积累的重要来源。叶菜和茶叶类作物,由于其食用部位本身就是叶片,根系吸收和叶片直接吸收的大气沉降重金属都会积累在叶片中。因此,未来需要加强对大气沉降的监测,并采取措施控制大气污染,源头阻断是保证农产品安全十分必要的途径。同时还需进一步探明水稻等农作物叶片吸收转运重金属的过程和重要作用机制,以及可食部位累积重金属的关键生育期。并采用分子生物学等手段控制重金属转运蛋白的合成,以及叶片细胞膜的理化性状,降低吸附重金属的活性和转运能力,为寻求有效阻控叶片吸收重金属的措施提供理论和实践指导,保证农产品的安全生产。

语种： 中文

作者： Chen, Junli;Xu, Juan;Zhang, Shunan*;Liu, Feng;Peng, Jianwei;...

期刊： Journal of Environmental Management,2021年282:111961 ISSN：0301-4797

通讯作者： Zhang, Shunan

作者机构： [Zhang, Shunan; Xu, Juan; Chen, Junli; Wu, Jinshui; Liu, Feng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg Changsha Res St, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Junli] Hunan Jiahe Breeding Intelligence Serv Co Ltd, Changsha 410199, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Juan; Wu, Jinshui] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Yingxiang; Liu, Feng] State Key Lab Heavy Met Pollut Monitoring Environ, Changsha 410014, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Jianwei] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Zhang, Shunan] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg Changsha Res St, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.

关键词： Alcaligenes faecalis;Heterotrophic nitrification;High-ammonium wastewater;NH(4)(+)-N removal;Response surface methodology

摘要： Alcaligenes faecalis strain WT14 is heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification bacterium, newly isolated from a constructed wetland, and its feasibility in nitrogen removal was investigated. The result showed sodium citrate was more readily utilized by WT14 as a carbon source. The response surface methodology model revealed the highest total nitrogen removal by WT14 occurred at 20.3°C, 113.5 r·min(-1), C/N 10.8, and pH 8.4. Under adapted environmental conditions, up to 55.9mg·L(-1)·h(-1) of ammonium nitrogen (NH(4)(+)-N) was removed by WT14, and its NH(4)(+)-N tolerance ability reached 2000mg·L(-1). In addition to the reported high NH(4)(+)-resistance of Alcaligenes faecalis, WT14 multiplied fast and had strong nitrate or nitrite removal capacity when high strength nitrate or nitrite was provided as the single nitrogen source; which differed from other Alcaligenes faecalis species. These results show WT14 is a novel strain of Alcaligenes faecalis and its nitrogen removal pathway will be carried out in the further study.

语种： 英文

作者： Liu, Zhaobing;Huang, Ying;Ji, Xionghui;Xie, Yunhe;Peng, Jianwei*;...

期刊： Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2020年20(4):2316-2328 ISSN：0718-9508

通讯作者： Peng, Jianwei

作者机构： [Liu, Zhaobing; Peng, Jianwei; Huang, Ying] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Zhaobing; Xie, Yunhe; Ji, Xionghui] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Minist Agr, Key Lab Prevent Control & Remediat Soil Heavy Met, Key Lab Agr Environm Middle Reach Plain Yangtze R, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Eissa, Mamdouh A.] Assiut Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Soils & Water, Assiut 71526, Egypt.;[Fahmy, Ahmed E.] Chinese Acad Trop Agr Sci CATAS, Haikou Expt Stn, Haikou, Hainan, Peoples R China.;[Fahmy, Ahmed E.] Atom Energy Author, Soil & Water Res Dept, Nucl Res Ctr, Abou Zaabl 13759, Egypt.

通讯机构： [Peng, Jianwei] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.

关键词： Rice;Lime application;Cadmium;Heavy metals;Paddy soils

摘要： Lime application is the most effective agricultural practice for the reduction of cadmium (Cd) bioavailability in acid soils. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of continuous liming across five consecutive growing seasons on the remediation of Cd in acid paddy soils, as well as rice yield. Two rice cultivars, i.e., Zhuliangyou 819 and Xiangwanxian 12, were cultivated in Cd-contaminated paddy soil for five consecutive growing seasons from 2014 to 2018. The investigated lime levels were 0, 450, 900, 1350, 1800, 2250, 3000, and 3750 kg ha(-1). Lime application significantly increased rice yield, soil pH, exchangeable soil Ca2+, and rice calcium (Ca) contents; besides, it reduced soil and rice Cd contents. The application of lime at the rate of 1350-2250 kg ha(-1)significantly increased rice yield. Under continuous liming, rice yield obviously increased first and then decreased with the cumulative application of lime. The application of a cumulative lime amount of 18,000 kg ha(-1)was identified as the critical transition point of soil pH, soil Cd, and rice Cd content. Application of lime up to or above 3000 kg ha(-1)per season reduced Cd content in brown rice below 0.20 mg kg(-1). The results suggest that the reduction in effective Cd content might be a result of the combined action of exchangeable soil Ca(2+)and soil pH rather than being a direct effect of Ca2+. Therefore, acid Cd-contaminated paddy fields can realize the safe production of rice by the continuous application of an appropriate amount of lime.

语种： 英文

作者： Li, Hongfang;Liu, Feng*;Luo, Pei;Chen, Xiang;Chen, Junli;...

期刊： Science of The Total Environment,2019年694:133575 ISSN：0048-9697

通讯作者： Liu, Feng

作者机构： [Luo, Pei; Xiao, Runlin; Huang, Zhenrong; Li, Hongfang; Chen, Junli; Wu, Jinshui; Liu, Feng; Chen, Xiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha Res Stn Agr & Environm Monitoring, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Zhenrong; Li, Hongfang; Chen, Junli] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Jianwei] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Feng] Chinese Acad Sci, Changsha Res Stn Agr & Environm Monitoring, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Liu, Feng] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Changsha Res Stn Agr & Environm Monitoring, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.

关键词： Microbial community;Myriophyllum aquaticum;Nitrogen removal efficiency;Nitrous oxide

摘要： Exploring optimal C:N ratio is necessary to ensure balanced microbial nitrification and denitrification in constructed wetlands (CWs), which has become an important management practice for more efficient nitrogen removal and sustainability of CWs. Surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) vegetated with Myriophyllum aquaticum were designed to investigate the effects of five different influent C:N ratios (0:1, 2.5:1, 5:1, 10:1, and 15:1) on nitrogen removal performance and microbial communities over a 175-day experimental period. Compared to the influent C:N ratios of 0:1, higher NH4(+)-N, NO3(-)-N, and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies and lower NO3(-)-N accumulation were observed at influent C:N ratios higher than 5:1. In addition, the highest TN removal efficiency (70.4%) and the lowest nitrous oxide emission flux (4.12mgm(-2)d(-1)) were obtained at the influent C:N ratio of 5:1. High-throughput sequencing revealed that influent C:N ratios altered the distribution and composition of microbial communities in the sediment, which resulted in a dynamic interplay between N-transforming functional microbes and NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N removal. In particular, the dominant denitrifiers, including Desulfovibrio, Zoogloea, and Dechloromonas, were more abundant in the sediment with an influent C:N ratio of 5:1, which contributed to the high N removal rate. These findings may be used to screen for an optimum influent C:N ratio to maintain the sustainability of SFCWs with higher N removal efficiency.

语种： 英文

作者： 钟雪梅;黄铁平;彭建伟;卢文璐;康兴蓉;...

期刊： 中国水稻科学,2019年33(5):436-446 ISSN：1001-7216

通讯作者： Peng, J.

作者机构： [康兴蓉; 钟雪梅; 彭建伟; 孙梦飞; 唐启源] College of Resource 8L Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[黄铁平] Hunan Provincial Agricultural Committee, Changsha, 410005, China;[卢文璐; 湛冬至] Miluo Agricultural Bureau, Miluo, 414400, China;[宋思明] Hunan Dragon Boat Agricultural Machinery Co. Ltd., Miluo, 414400, China;[陈裕新] Hunan Jinyezhongwang Technology Co. Ltd., Yueyang, 414300, China

通讯机构： [Peng, J.] C;College of Resource 8L Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China

关键词： 双季稻;机插稻;侧深施肥;养分累积;氮肥利用率

摘要： 【目的】为保证水稻施肥的准确性,揭示水稻机插与同步一次性侧深减量施肥的养分利用特征,为机插双季稻的氮(N)肥高效利用提供依据。【方法】在典型双季稻种植区,以测土配方施肥量为依据,结合精量施肥机,2017–2018年研究机插同步一次性精量施肥对双季稻养分吸收和利用的影响。【结果】与常规施肥处理相比,机插同步一次性减N 10%~30%处理早稻N、P、K累积量分别提高7.9%~11.7%、9.4%~25.9%和2.0%~6.5%(2017),8.2%~15.0%、9.0%~12.1%和14.0%~18.1%(2018);晚稻分别提高–0.6%~5.7%、9.1%~14.4%和3.7%~19.6%(2017),6.1%~8.5%、9.4%~19.3%和18.7%~22.2%(2018);早稻N肥吸收利用率(NRE)、N肥农学利用率(NAE)、N肥偏生产力(NPFP)分别提高38.6%~92.7%、49.9%~103.6%和29.5%~71.7%(2017),35.4%~71.4%、46.0%~98.4%和20.7%~75.4%(2018);晚稻分别提高20.8%~43.1%、31.3%~64.2%和18.3%~48.5%(2017),26.8%~99.1%、60.0%~82.9%和26.6%~60.5%(2018)。其中,早晚稻以减N 20%~30%处理效果较好。水稻机插同步一次性精量施肥随着施N量的降低,双季稻NRE先增加后降低,NHI、NAE和NPFP呈上升趋势,而土壤碱解氮含量呈下降趋势。【结论】通过施肥技术和机插模式的集成与优化,能有效减少稻田N肥施入,利于N、P、K吸收积累,同步提高双季稻的产量和N肥利用效率。

语种： 中文

作者： 张嫒;胡宇倩;曹文慧;彭建伟

期刊： 长江蔬菜,2019年(21):31-35 ISSN：1001-3547

作者机构： 湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙, 410128;湖南农业大学资源环境学院;湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙,410128;[曹文慧; 张嫒; 彭建伟; 胡宇倩] 湖南农业大学

关键词： 菊芋;栽培管理;高产优质栽培;生物学性状;生态环境;工业原料;医疗保健;人工管理

摘要： 菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus L.),又名洋姜、鬼子姜,是菊科向日葵属多年生宿根型草本植物,因其地上似菊,地下似芋,故称菊芋.其耐寒、耐旱、耐涝能力特别强,不但可以食用、制药,而且具有第二代生物燃料的特征,具有非常好的应用前景,被联合国粮农组织官员称为"21世纪人畜共用作物".

语种： 中文

作者： 康兴蓉;彭建伟;胡文峰;孙梦飞;钟雪梅;...

期刊： 黑龙江农业科学,2019年(04):139-144 ISSN：1002-2767

作者机构： 湖南农业大学 ,资源环境学院/土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,湖南 长沙 410128;湖南省葡萄工程技术研究中心 ,湖南长沙,410128

关键词： 葡萄;化肥控失;增效

摘要： 葡萄水果产业近年来发展迅速,合理的施肥和科学的管理对葡萄的生产和质量至关重要。化肥控失可减少N、P等元素的流失,提高化肥利用率。本文对葡萄的营养特点、施肥期、施肥中存在的问题及化肥控失技术进行了系统的综述,以期为葡萄生产上化肥的合理施用提供参考。

语种： 中文

作者： Xie, Yong;Tang, Li;Han, Yongliang;Yang, Lan;Xie, Guixian;...

期刊： Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2019年99(5):2259-2266 ISSN：0022-5142

通讯作者： Rong, Xiangmin;Zhang, Yuping

作者机构： [Xie, Guixian; Tang, Li; Rong, XM; Zhang, Yuping; Tian, Chang; Rong, Xiangmin; Liu, Qiang; Peng, Jianwei; Yang, Lan; Han, Yongliang; Xie, Yong] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, POB 410128,1 Nongda Rd, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Guixian; Tang, Li; Zhang, Yuping; Tian, Chang; Rong, Xiangmin; Liu, Qiang; Peng, Jianwei; Yang, Lan; Han, Yongliang; Xie, Yong] Natl Engn Lab Soil & Fertilizer Resources Efficie, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Guixian; Tang, Li; Zhang, Yuping; Tian, Chang; Rong, Xiangmin; Liu, Qiang; Peng, Jianwei; Yang, Lan; Han, Yongliang; Xie, Yong] Hunan Prov Key Lab Farmland Pollut Control & Agr, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Xuan] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Soil & Fertilizer Inst, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Rong, XM; Zhang, YP] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, POB 410128,1 Nongda Rd, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.

关键词： PCU application;N rates;maize yield;N2O emission;NH3 emission

摘要： BACKGROUND: Urea is commonly over-applied as a nitrogen (N) fertilizer to crops in southern China and has a low utilization efficiency as a result of the high precipitation and high temperatures in this region. This has led to a need to optimize the management of N fertilizer use in maize crops on the subtropical hilly uplands of southern China. RESULTS: We investigated the effects of applying different amounts of N in the form of polymer-coated urea (PCU) on the yield of maize and gaseous losses of N from soils in the form of NH 3 and N 2 O. The field plots used in this trial had zero-added N (0 kg N ha −1 ), the addition of urea (240 kg N ha −1 ) and four levels of fertilization with PCU (1 PCU, 0.9 PCU, 0.8 PCU and 0.7 PCU), which represented a 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% reduction, respectively, in the application of PCU-N relative to the urea plot. Compared to the urea plot, there was little variation in the yield of maize for all the PCU-N treatments, with a significant improvement in the utilization efficiency of N (up to 46.0–51.2%) with a 0–30% reduction in the application of PCU-N. Significant effects in the mitigation of the N 2 O emission flux and the accumulation of N 2 O-N were observed in the 0.8 PCU and 0.7 PCU plots. The application of PCU-N significantly reduced the flux and total amount of NH 3 -N lost to the environment: as the application rate for N decreased by 0–30%, the NH 3 loss was significantly reduced by 12.7–36.1%. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study suggest that the use of PCU could allow a reduction in the application of N of 20–30% compared to traditional agricultural practices in this area with the same yield of maize, although with significantly decreased NH 3 and N 2 O losses and the increased utilization of N. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

语种： 英文

作者： 田昌;周旋;谢桂先;刘强;荣湘民;...

期刊： 水土保持学报,2018年32(3):21-28 ISSN：1009-2242

作者机构： 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙, 410128;南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 长沙, 410128;湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙, 410125;[田昌; 谢桂先; 刘强; 荣湘民; 张玉平] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙, 410128 南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 长沙, 410128;[周旋] 湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙, 410125

关键词： 双季稻;控释尿素;减量施肥;径流损失;产量

摘要： 为了探究双季稻田典型自然降雨径流过程中氮(N)的输出特点,采用田间径流池法,通过长期田间定位试验,比较普通尿素(U)和控释尿素(CRU)减施稻田径流水中总氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)和硝态氮(NO_3~--N)的动态变化及N素径流流失量和流失率。结果表明:稻田施肥初期出现N素径流峰值,是防控N素径流损失的关键时期。早、晚稻季生育期间施N处理径流水中以NH_4~+-N为主要形态,分别占TN径流损失量的64.5%~66.3%,61.0%~68.6%。早、晚稻季U处理径流水TN流失量(率)分别为5.6(2.2%),5.0(1.7%)kg/hm~2;CRU处理较U处理径流水TN流失量分别降低17.4%~34.1%,17.3%~ 37.7%;且随着N肥用量的减少,TN流失量(率)逐渐降低。受降雨强度的影响,早稻季N素径流损失较晚稻季高,且晚稻季CRU处理N素径流损失减排效果优于早稻季。早、晚稻季及连作周期CRU处理TN径流累计损失量和籽粒产量与施N量呈显著线性关系,随着N用量的增加而增加。总之,U处理显著提高径流水中N素浓度以及NH_4~+-N占TN的比例。CRU处理有效减缓N素释放速度,降低施肥初期N素径流损失量,实现增产;而CRU减施有利于进一步防控稻田N素流失风险,促进农业面源污染减排,且以减N 10%效果较好。

语种： 中文

作者： Li, Hongfang;Liu, Feng*;Luo, Pei;Xie, Guixian*;Xiao, Runlin;...

期刊： Ecological Engineering,2018年124:69-76 ISSN：0925-8574

通讯作者： Liu, Feng;Xie, Guixian

作者机构： [Luo, Pei; Xiao, Runlin; Li, Hongfang; Wu, Jinshui; Liu, Feng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha Res Stn Agr & Environm Monitoring, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Guixian; Peng, Jianwei] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Hongfang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Wei] Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Life Sci, Xiangtan 411201, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Liu, Feng] C;[Xie, Guixian] H;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha Res Stn Agr & Environm Monitoring, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.

关键词： Ammonia-oxidizing archaea;Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria;Decentralized rural wastewater;Ecological treatment system;Myriophyllum aquaticum;Plant harvest

摘要： A full-scale integrated ecological treatment system (IETS) comprising, in series from inlet to outlet: two biofilters, one surface flow wetland (SFW), and two stabilization ponds, was constructed to treat rural decentralized domestic sewage and swine wastewater. The results showed the IETS had high removal efficiencies for ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) with average values of 95.7%, 93.0%, 94.6%, and 82.0%, respectively. Incorporation in the IETS of the SFW, vegetated with Myriophyllum aquaticum, was found essential in enhancing the wastewater treatment. The abundances of the amoA gene of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) within the SFW sediment ranged from 1.69 × 108 to 2.46 × 109 copies g−1 and from 2.63 × 107 to 6.90 × 107 copies g−1 dry sediment, respectively. The greatest AOA and AOB abundances, which were observed at the outlet of the SFW, were found to be related to the decreasing NH4 +-N concentrations along the water flow path. The abundance of the narG gene was approximately two orders of magnitude greater than that of nosZ. Multiple harvests of M. aquaticum contributed to 23.7–33.7% of TN removal and 34.2–49.5% of TP removal in the SFW. A plant management practice with a harvesting frequency of once every 20 days yielded the largest amounts of plant biomass and nutrient uptakes. These findings indicated that the vegetation of fast-growing macrophytes such as M. aquaticum in IETS was demonstrated to be an effective way for increasing plant uptake of N and P and enhancing microbial nitrogen-transforming activities, which contributed to improve IETS performance in decentralized rural wastewater treatment. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

语种： 英文

作者： 田昌;周旋;刘强;谢桂先;荣湘民;...

期刊： 应用生态学报,2018年29(10):3267-3274 ISSN：1001-9332

通讯作者： Zhang, Y.-P.

作者机构： [黄思怡] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China;Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, China;[周旋] Hunan Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Changsha, 410125, China;[谢桂先; 刘强; 田昌; 张玉平; 彭建伟; 荣湘民] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China, Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, China

通讯机构： [Zhang, Y.-P.] C;College of Resources and Environment, China

关键词： 双季稻;控释尿素;产量;渗漏淋失;氮肥利用效率

摘要： 大量施用氮肥引起的土壤氮素淋失是稻田氮素损失的一个重要途径.为探究自然降雨过程中典型双季稻田氮渗漏淋失特点,采用田间渗漏池法,通过大田小区试验,研究控释尿素减施对稻田土壤60 cm深处渗漏水中氮淋失和水稻产量的影响.结果表明:施肥初期出现氮渗漏淋失峰值,这是防控的关键时期;双季稻生长季控释尿素减氮20%(0.8CRU)和减氮30%(0.7CRU)处理全氮淋失量分别为42.3和37.7 kg·hm~(-2),均显著低于常规尿素(CU)处理(53.9 kg·hm~(-2)),且0.7CRU处理显著低于等氮量控释尿素(1.0CRU)处理(51.3 kg·hm~(-2));各施氮处理全氮渗漏淋失率为11.9%~13.5%,处理间差异不显著.0.8CRU和0.7CRU处理较CU处理明显提高了水稻产量和氮肥吸收利用率,显著增加了氮收获指数.总之,控释尿素减氮20%~30%能保证水稻产量和防控稻田氮渗漏淋失.

语种： 中文

作者： 王艳杰;李法云;荣湘民;陈佳勃;石丽芳

期刊： 农业环境科学学报,2018年37(2):232-238 ISSN：1672-2043

作者机构： 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 长沙, 410128;辽宁石油化工大学生态环境研究院, 辽宁, 抚顺, 113001;[王艳杰; 李法云] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 长沙, 410128 辽宁石油化工大学生态环境研究院, 辽宁, 抚顺, 113001;[荣湘民] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 长沙, 410128;[陈佳勃; 石丽芳] 辽宁石油化工大学生态环境研究院, 辽宁, 抚顺, 113001

关键词： 石油烃;生物炭;营养物;微生物

摘要： 为研究营养物质、玉米秸秆碎屑和生物炭材料对石油污染土壤修复效果的影响,对4个处理组修复后土壤理化性质、修复中和修复后土壤生物特征和石油烃类物质的去除率,以及上述指标的相关关系进行分析。结果表明:添加玉米秸秆碎屑和生物炭能够显著降低土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度,并提高土壤田间持水量(P<0.05)。在石油污染土壤中添加营养物和两种疏松材料均能提高土壤中微生物数量,其中生物炭与营养物联合处理组效果最佳,修复90 d微生物数量达到7.24×10~7 CFU·g~(-1)。修复后玉米秸秆碎屑与营养物联合处理组和生物炭与营养物联合处理组总石油烃和不同组分烃类物质明显减少,尤其是生物炭联合处理组,明显高于单独营养物处理组和对照组。土壤理化性质、微生物数量、石油烃去除率三者之间多呈显著相关,其中土壤孔隙度和总氮对微生物影响较大,微生物对石油烃类的去除作用明显。因此,添加生物炭材料并配施营养物质既可以改善土壤物理性质又能够为微生物提供充足的养分,进而增强石油污染土壤的修复效果。

语种： 中文

作者： 田昌;周旋;谢桂先;刘强;荣湘民;...

期刊： 中国水稻科学,2018年32(4):387-397 ISSN：1001-7216

通讯作者： Xie, G.

作者机构： [谭力彰] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China;Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, China;[周旋] Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410125, China;[田昌; 张玉平; 彭建伟; 刘强; 荣湘民; 谢桂先] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China, Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, China

通讯机构： [Xie, G.] C;College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, China

关键词： 双季稻;氨挥发;控释尿素;氮肥利用率;氮素损失

摘要： 【目的】研究连续控释尿素减施对双季稻籽粒产量、N肥利用率和NH_3挥发损失的影响,以期为水稻稳产条件下减少双季稻田氮素损失提供理论依据和技术方法。【方法】以中早39(早稻)和泰优390(晚稻)为材料,设置不同控释尿素N用量的等N量控释尿素(CRU_1)、控释尿素减N 10%(CRU_2)、控释尿素减N 20%(CRU_3)、控释尿素减N 30%(CRU_4)以及尿素(U)和不施肥对照(CK)的6个处理,采用密闭室间歇通气法监测双季稻田NH_3挥发特征,同时测定水稻产量和N含量。【结果】普通尿素(U)处理和控释尿素(CRU)处理施基肥和分蘖肥后早稻NH_3挥发发生在施肥后的8~9 d内,峰值分别于第1~2天和第2~4天出现;晚稻NH_3挥发发生在施肥后的6~7 d内,峰值分别于第2~3天和第3~4天出现。早、晚稻生长季U处理总计NH_3挥发损失量(率)最高,分别为47.2 kg/hm~2 (26.4%)和61.9 kg/hm~2(28.7%),产量分别为5.5 t/hm~2和6.2 t/hm~2,N肥利用率分别为23.0%和20.0%;早、晚稻生长季CRU处理总计NH_3挥发损失量(率)分别为22.8~32.3 kg/hm~2(14.6%~16.5%)和30.4~42.1 kg/hm~2(15.9%~17.6%),产量分别为5.8~6.3 t/hm~2和6.6~7.5 t/hm~2,N肥利用率分别为34.3%~40.5%和33.8%~39.2%;其中,CRU_2处理在早、晚稻生长季总计NH_3挥发损失量较U处理降低40.9%、38.3%,产量增加14.9%、20.9%, N肥利用率提高75.6%、96.0%。早、晚稻生长季及双季稻整个生长季CRU处理总计NH_3挥发损失量及籽粒产量与施N量呈显著线性关系。【结论】施用控释尿素显著减少双季稻田NH_3挥发损失,增加籽粒产量,提高N肥利用率,以减N 10%处理效果最明显。

语种： 中文

作者： 田昌;周旋;谢桂先;刘强;荣湘民;...

期刊： 水土保持学报,2018年32(4):216-221 ISSN：1009-2242

作者机构： 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙, 410128;南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 长沙, 410128;湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙, 410125;[田昌; 谢桂先; 刘强; 荣湘民; 张玉平; 彭建伟] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙, 410128 南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 长沙, 410128;[周旋] 湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙, 410125

关键词： 双季稻田;控释尿素;减量施肥;土壤养分;剖面分布

摘要： 为探讨双季稻田控释尿素施用对养分在土壤剖面的垂直分布与迁移的影响,通过长期田间定位试验,研究比较普通尿素(U)和控释尿素(CRU)减施稻田剖面的养分累积和分布。结果表明:随着土层深度的增加,土壤全氮、NO_3~-—N、有机质、全磷、速效磷和全钾含量呈下降趋势,NH_4~+—N含量先下降后升高,速效钾含量呈上升趋势,土壤pH升高且趋于稳定。施肥会降低0—20 cm土层pH和速效钾含量。与U处理相比,0—20 cm土层CRU处理全氮含量提高7.72%~19.45%,且随着施N量的增加呈上升趋势; 40—60 cm土层CRU处理NH_4~+—N含量降低6.99%~19.23%。施用CRU可以有效降低土层NH_4~+—N向下淋溶,提高0—40 cm土层全氮和NO_3~-—N含量,避免土壤N素流失。施用CRU对不同深度土层有机质、速效磷、全磷、速效钾、全钾和pH的影响不显著,但减量过大会导致有机质降低。CRU减量10%~ 20%处理显著提高双季稻成熟期N、P、K的吸收量。相关分析表明,不同用量控释尿素处理早、晚稻成熟期N、P、K吸收量与籽粒产量均呈显著正相关。总之,CRU处理有效地控制N素向下淋溶,减少因N肥施用带来的潜在面源污染,而CRU减施可更好地维持和提高土壤的养分水平和肥力,促进养分累积,实现生态与经济效益的双赢。

语种： 中文

作者： 刘昭兵;纪雄辉;官迪;谢运河;朱坚;...

期刊： 生态与农村环境学报,2017年33(12):1125-1131 ISSN：1673-4831

通讯作者： Ji, X.-H.

作者机构： 湖南省农业科学院, 农业部长江中游平原农业环境重点实验室;[刘昭兵; 纪雄辉; 官迪; 谢运河; 朱坚] 农田土壤重金属污染防控与修复湖南省重点实验室, 湖南, 长沙, 410125;湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 湖南, 长沙, 410128;[刘昭兵; 纪雄辉; 官迪; 谢运河; 朱坚] 湖南省农业科学院, 农业部长江中游平原农业环境重点实验室;[彭建伟] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 湖南, 长沙, 410128

关键词： 镉胁迫;淹水时间;水稻;镉累积

摘要： 采用盆栽试验方法,以外源添加镉(Cd)模拟土壤镉污染,研究水稻不同生育期(分蘖盛期和灌浆期)淹水以及淹水时间对水稻产量及吸收累积Cd的影响。结果表明,与常规灌溉处理(CI)相比,其他不同淹水时间处理均出现一定程度减产,其中全生育期湿润灌溉(WI)、分蘖盛期开始淹水1~ 4周(T1、T2、T3和T4)5个处理的水稻产量显著下降,降幅分别为23.7%、16.0%、15.5%、20.2%和18.6%。随着淹水时间的延长,糙米Cd含量呈下降趋势,其中以全生育期淹水处理(WF)的糙米Cd含量最低,仅为WI的3.4%。在相同淹水时间条件下,分蘖盛期开始淹水1~ 4周处理的糙米Cd含量较灌浆开始淹水1 ~ 4周处理(F1、F2、F3和F4)分别降低了27.1%(P< 0.05)、46.6%(P<0.05)、56.0%(P<0.05)和35.2%,平均降幅为41.2%。水稻茎叶Cd含量与糙米Cd含量的变化趋势基本相同。水稻茎叶对Cd的转运效率随淹水时间的延长呈下降趋势。不同处理的水稻茎叶和糙米Cd富集系数变异极大,其中WI的糙米、茎叶Cd富集系数分别为WF处理的29.0和18.8倍。淹水能有效抑制水稻对Cd的吸收累积,抑制效果与淹水时间呈正相关,且分蘖盛期淹水对水稻茎叶和糙米Cd累积的抑制效果优于灌浆期淹水。

语种： 中文

作者： 钟雪梅;王刚;张鹏程;龚滇鹏;李志军;...

期刊： 农业科学与技术(英文版),2017年18(9):1696-1701,1756 ISSN：1009-4229

作者机构： 湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙,410128;湖南省益阳市赫山区农业局,湖南益阳,413002

关键词： 水稻;加镉处理;累积;分布;产量

摘要： 探讨在镉（Cd）胁迫下水稻植株内的镉含量,以及水稻不同部位镉累积情况,筛选出高耐镉性且高产的水稻品种。以不同粳稻和籼稻品种为研究对象,通过盆栽试验,在不加镉与镉胁迫2种处理下,探讨不同水稻品种收获期的C d含量,Cd累积情况。2种处理下水稻体内镉含量大致都为根〉茎〉叶〉谷壳〉籽粒,且镉主要集中在根部;镉在不同水稻品种内的累积与分布存在差异,尤其是镉在籽粒中的累积差异较大,8个中稻品种中籽粒镉含量以品种‘春优84’的增加幅度最低,表现出较低的镉累积能力;同时也表明镉胁迫下粳稻镉累积量高于籼稻;在镉胁迫处理下籼稻产量显著减少,而粳稻产量均增加。‘春优84’籽粒镉含量增幅最低,表现出显著的耐镉性,虽其产量有所影响,但从镉安全性考虑,可作为湖南省镉污染区域推广品种选用。

语种： 中文

作者： 荣楠;韩永亮;荣湘民;宋海星;彭建伟;...

期刊： 植物营养与肥料学报,2017年23(4):1104-1111 ISSN：1008-505X

作者机构： [荣楠; 韩永亮; 荣湘民; 宋海星; 彭建伟; 谢桂先; 张玉平; 张振华] 湖南农业大学/资源环境学院, 南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 长沙, 410128

关键词： 油菜;氮素吸收效率;氮素利用效率

摘要： 【目的】探究油菜NO_3~–的吸收、分配和对低氮胁迫的响应及其氮利用效率,为理解油菜在不同低氮胁迫下相关生理变化及其氮素利用效率提供科学依据。 【方法】以常规油菜品种814为研究材料,采用砂培试验,在正常供氮水平(10 mmol/L)和低氮胁迫水平(3 mmol/L、1 mmol/L)下,研究油菜的根系特性、蒸腾作用对低氮胁迫的响应及其氮素吸收效率,并研究油菜NO_3~–的运输分配与同化对低氮胁迫的响应及其氮素利用效率。 【结果】与正常供氮处理(10 mmol/L)相比,低氮胁迫处理(3 mmol/L、1 mmol/L)的油菜NO_3~–含量、全氮含量均显著下降,但(NO_3~–)叶/根、(全氮(%))叶/根显著升高,植株根系干物质重、根系吸收面积均显著下降,但根冠比显著升高。油菜植株在低氮胁迫下气孔导度和蒸腾速率显著增加,一方面促进植株对NO_3~–的捕获,另一方面也促使更大比例的NO_3~–分配在植物的地上部分,但植株的水分散失加剧,水分利用效率显著下降。低氮胁迫处理油菜根和叶中NR、GS活性与正常供氮处理之间的差异不显著或有增加,其叶绿素含量、光合速率均显著下降,但光合氮素利用率显著升高。 【结论】在低氮胁迫条件下,油菜植株的氮素和干物质累积均显著下降,但NO_3~–在植株的地上部分分配比例的增加以及光合氮素利用率的升高促使植株的氮素利用效率显著提高。

语种： 中文

作者： 王刚;孙梦飞;钟雪梅;彭建伟;荣湘民;...

期刊： 中国农学通报,2017年33(17):76-81 ISSN：1000-6850

作者机构： 湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙410128;农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室,长沙410128;植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室,长沙410128;土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室,长沙410128

关键词： 水稻;加镉处理;累积;分布;产量

摘要： 探讨在镉(Cd)胁迫下水稻植株内的镉含量,以及水稻不同部位镉累积情况,筛选出高耐镉性且高产的水稻品种.以不同粳稻和籼稻品种为研究对象,通过盆栽试验,在不加镉与镉胁迫2种处理下,探讨不同水稻品种收获期的Cd含量,Cd累积情况.2种处理下水稻体内镉含量大致都为根＞茎＞叶＞谷壳＞籽粒,且镉主要集中在根部;镉在不同水稻品种内的累积与分布存在差异,尤其是镉在籽粒中的累积差异较大,8个中稻品种中籽粒镉含量以品种‘春优84’的增加幅度最低,表现出较低的镉累积能力;同时也表明镉胁迫下粳稻镉累积量高于籼稻;在镉胁迫处理下籼稻产量显著减少,而粳稻产量均增加.‘春优84’籽粒镉含量增幅最低,表现出显著的耐镉性,虽其产量有所影响,但从镉安全性考虑,可作为湖南省镉污染区域推广品种选用.

语种： 中文

作者： 何石福;荣湘民;李艳;刘强;彭建伟;...

期刊： 水土保持学报,2017年31(5):120-126,132 ISSN：1009-2242

作者机构： 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室;[何石福; 荣湘民; 刘强; 彭建伟; 谢勇] 植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室;[何石福; 荣湘民; 刘强; 彭建伟; 谢勇] 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙, 410128;湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 长沙, 410128;[何石福; 荣湘民; 刘强; 彭建伟; 谢勇] 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室

关键词： 有机肥替代;稻草覆盖;丘陵茶园;氮磷流失

摘要： 在自然降雨条件下的中南丘陵茶园小区进行定点观测,比较了农民习惯施肥处理(T1)、分别以有机肥代替10%化学氮肥或磷肥(T2、T4)及有机肥代替10%化学氮肥或磷肥+覆盖稻草(T3、T5)对不同形态氮、磷养分径流流失的影响,以期为防控茶园氮磷流失从施肥和茶园管理的角度提供借鉴。结果表明:与T1相比,T2和T4径流量减少15.4%~31.5%(P<0.05),T3、T5减少46.8%~52.9%(P<0.01)。相同降雨条件下,相比T1,T2和T4径流损失TN分别减少42.4%(P<0.05)和57.2%(P<0.05),T3和T5分别降低74.7%(P<0.01)和74.6%(P<0.01);相比T1,T2和T4径流损失TDN分别降低18.2%(P> 0.05)和39.2%(P>0.05),T3和T5分别降低75.6%(P<0.01)和74.1%(P<0.01),与T2、T4差异极显著(P<0.01);NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N流失总量表现为,T2、T4与T1差异均不显著(P>0.05),T3、T5分别降低61.5%~71.9%(P<0.05)和78.2%~92.7%(P<0.05)。与T1相比,T2和T4处理TP流失均降低,但只有T4差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),而T3、T5TP损失减少达66.5%~70.6%(P<0.01)。另外,氮素流失以溶解态为主(83.8%~95.1%),而磷素流失以颗粒态为主(72.7%~84.3%)。研究证明配施有机肥和覆盖稻草均能够有效减少茶园氮磷径流损失,两者结合效果更好,对降低面源污染风险意义重大,适合大面积推广。

语种： 中文