摘要：
Once the cells are challenged by intra-and extracellular environmental stimuli such as nitric oxide, calcium and pathogenic organisms, the oxidative balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) (such as O-2(center dot-), H2O2, OH center dot) production and antioxidant defense systems (such as glutathione reductase and catalase) is broken, resulting in accumulation of ROS within cells. ROS is linked with various cellular signaling pathways, including the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Keap1(Nrf2/Keap1), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), protein kinase C (PKC), signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma), which engaged in regulating pro-oxidant genes and antioxidant genes expression, and mediate cells oxidative injury and antioxidant defense system. This article therefore mainly focuses on: 1) the production of ROS; 2) Nrf2/Keap1, MAPKs, NF-kappa B, PKC, STAT3, and PPAR gamma activation mechanism by ROS.
摘要：
GABAAα1 and GABAB1 receptor subunits are responsible for most behavioral, physiological and pharmacological effects of GABA receptors. We investigated the expression of GABAAα1 and GABAB1 receptor subunits in different tissues of gilts during late pregnancy in hot summer. The mRNA abundance of GABAAα1 receptor subunit in different tissues of gilts at d 90 and d 110 of gestation was as follows: d 90: brain > lung > liver > ovary > spleen > kidney > heart; d 110: brain > lung > spleen > liver > ovary > kidney > heart. And, the mRNA abundance of GABAB1 receptor subunit was as follows: d 90: spleen > lung > brain > kidney > ovary > liver > heart; d 110: spleen > lung > kidney > brain > ovary > liver > heart. The results in this trial indicated that the GABAAα1 receptor subunit was abundantly expressed in brain, while GABAB1 receptor subunit was abundant in spleen and lung of gilts during late gestation. There were no gestation stage-dependent effects on GABAAα1 and GABAB1 receptor subunits expression in all tissues.
摘要：
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the dietary L-arginine supplementation has beneficial effects on edema disease. Experimental animals were 156 KunMing mice, randomly assigned to arginine group 1(0.6% arginine + basal diet, n = 44), arginine group 2(0.6% arginine + basal diet, n = 44), control group 1 (1.22% alanine + basal diet, n = 34) and control group 2 (1.22% alanine + basal diet, n = 34). After 3 days of adaptive feeding and a 7 days treatment period with the prepared feed, all mice were challenged by intraperitoncal injection of Escherichia coli 0139 (E.coli) at LD50 (2.53 x 10(8) CFU/ml). Arginine group 2 and control group 2 were used to calculate the mortality after twenty hours of injection. Serum concentrations of platelet-activating factor (PAF), interleukin (IL)-2, interleukin (IL)-10, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), cyclic 3',5'-adenosinemonophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were measured in arginine group1 and control group1 in a ten-hour interval for three times. The serum concentration of PAF was much lower (P<0.01) in arginine group than in alanine group in all the time. Additionally, T-AOC and SOD activity in the experiment group increased significantly (P<0.05) in the first ten hours after initial injection. Unfortunately, T-AOC and SOD activity in arginine group became quiet (P>0.05) compared to the control group after that, except T-AOC was greater (P<0.05) in arginine group than in the control group in twenty hours of initial injection. Meanwhile, arginine supplementation had little effect on the mortality of mice, serum IL-2, sIgA, cAMP and cGMP level. In conclusion, dietary arginine supplementation can partially attenuate the damage caused by edema disease, but have little effect on the clinical results.
摘要：
This study was conducted to test the hypotheses that dietary arginine and glutamine supplementation may confer beneficial effect on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-infected pigs. The measured variables included: 1) average daily weight gain (ADG), feed conversion rate (FCR); 2) PCV2 virus load in the submaxillary lymph node, spleen, liver, kidney and heart at 20 days post infection (DPI); 3) microscopic lesions in the spleen at 20 DPI; 4) serum cytokine levels, serum antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, T-SOD and GSH-PX), serum PCV2 virus load, serum nitric oxide (NO) and serum PCV2 antibody titers at 5, 10, 15 and 20 DPI. Dietary arginine and glutamine supplementation conferred positive effect on the production of PCV2 infected pigs. Meanwhile, arginine and glutamine supplementation increased the antioxidant capacity and immune response, and decreased the PCV2 virus load in tissue. Moreover, these beneficial effects may be mainly performed through NO. It was concluded that dictary, arginine and glutamine supplementation confers positive effect on the PCV2 infected pigs.
摘要：
Glutamate is extensively metabolized in small intestine epithelial cells during its transcellular transfer from the lumen to bloodstream and after its uptake from the bloodstream. In order to study the effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) supplementation given either by the parenteral route or by the enteral route on the circulating amino acid concentrations in growing-finishing pigs, animals received MSG at a dose equal to 0.25 g/kg body weight by intraperitoneal injection or by injection into the stomach. Up to 255 min, arterial and portal venous blood was collected and amino acid concentrations were measured. The results show that the glutamate concentrations in venous and arterial plasma increase rapidly after injection of MSG in stomach. However, glutamate concentration in both venous and arterial plasma was much higher after peritoneal than stomach injection. Aspartate and alanine concentrations in both venous and arterial plasma were higher after stomach than peritoneal injection. The results obtained are compatible with the view that i) a large part of glutamate in MSG is metabolized by the intestine in pigs; ii) at the dose used. MSG is, however, not entirely metabolized by the intestine and iii) glutamate metabolism in pig intestine leads to aspartate and alanine production.
摘要：
This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the dietary glutamine supplementation had various effects on oedema disease induced by Escherichia coli (E. coli). Total of 162 KunMing mice were randomly assigned to glutamine group 1 (1.0% glutamine+basal diet, n = 45), glutamine group 2 (1.0% glutamine+basal diet, n = 45), control group 1 (1.22 % alanine+basal diet, n = 36) and control group 2 (1.22% alanine+basal diet, n = 36). After 3 days of adaptive feeding and a 7-days treatment period with the experiment feed, all mice were challenged by intraperitioneal injection of E. coli O-19 at LD50 (2.53 x 10(8) CFU/ml). The mortality, after twenty hours of injection was calculated from glutamine group 2 and control group 2. Serum concentrations of platelet-activating factor (PAF), interleukin (IL)-2, interleukin (IL)-10, secretory, immunoglobulin A (sIgA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were measured in glutamine group 1 and control group 1 in a ten-hours interval for three times. Serum concentrations of PAF in 1.0% glutamine group were significantly lower (P<0.01) than that in 1.22% alanine group at ten and thirty hours after initial injection and lower (P<0.05) than the control group twenty hours after first injection. Additionally, the supplementation of glutamine increased the SOD activity significantly (P<0.05) in the first twenty hours after initial injection. However, the SOD activity in the glutamine group was lower (P<0.05) than in the control group later. Furthermore serum concentration of cAMP had no difference at the first ten hours alter injection, whereas the cAMP concentrations in the glutamine group was significantly lower P<0.01) at twenty hours after initial injection and lower (P<0.05) than in the control group thirty hours after first injection. Meanwhile, glutamine supplementation had little effect on the mortality of mice, serum IL-2, sIgA and cGMP. In conclusion, dietary glutamine supplementation could partially attenuate the damage caused by oedema disease, but had little effect on the clinical result.
摘要：
The present study evaluated the effect of dietary phytase supplementation on the performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA) and P of growing piglets. A total of 32 growing piglets with a mean body weight (18.36 +/- 1.39 kg) were divided into 4 groups randomly: positive control group (A) is basal diet without phytase: negative control group (B) is similar to A except that available P was reduced by 0.18%, and two experiment groups C and D with 500 and 1000 U/kg phytase (5000 U/g), respectively, in B group diet. All piglets were fed for 30 days and then killed for sample collection. Consequently, no significant difference was observed on average daily gain (ADG) and ratio of feed to gain (FIG) in all groups, but ADG was 3.5% higher in D group compared with positive control group. Supplementing of phytase increased the AID of methionine, threonine, isoleucine, histidine and lysine (P<0.05). For D group, the AID of P was increased 24% (P<0.001) and the amount of P excreted was decreased by 17.9% (P<0.05) compared with A group. Dietary supplementation of phytase improved P digestion and utilization in growing piglets under the condition of the present study.
摘要：
NSP is the major factor introducing a low digestibility of cottonseed meal in piglets. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of NSP enzyme on the nutrient digestibility of weaned piglets fed a cottonseed meal-based diets. About 15 weaned piglets (14 +/- 1.4 kg) were selected and ileal fistula surgery was done to determine the DE, CP, DM and NSP's apparent digestibility. The results indicated that NSP enzyme improved piglet's apparent digestibility (p<0.05) in varying degrees; pectinase resulted in obvious degradation of the cell wall and increased piglets' DE (26.69%) and CP of ileal digests (20.33%) and compound enzyme was better in improving cottonseed meal based diets than single enzyme.
关键词：
Haemophilus parasuis;L-arginine;L-glutamine;mouse model
摘要：
Haemophilus parasuis was the aetiological agent of Glässer's disease characterized by fibrinous arthritis, polyserositis and meningitis. Glässer's disease has become one of the most important respiratory diseases of pigs since first reported in 1910 by Glässer. Many disadvantages, such as emergence of other diseases, use of veterinary medicines, change of temperature and farm environment, may facilitate H. parasuis to live and propagate in vivo. Thus, big economic loss was caused by H. parasuis recently. Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) level in the arginine group was significantly higher (P = 0.015) than the alanine group 48 hours after injection, but there is no difference in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in any treatments. Seventy-two hours after H. parasuis challenge, respectively, the the clinical protection rate of malondialdehyde (MDA), Creactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) levels were found.
