摘要：
Ticks are obligate blood-sucking ectoparasites that infect a wide range of animals and humans, causing a variety of both human and animal diseases around the world. Ixodes nipponensis is the most commonly reported tick in Korea and Japan, but it is very rare in China. In this study, six I. nipponensis samples were collected from three black goats in Hunan province, China. Ticks identified morphologically as I. nipponensis were then examined by PCR with two different molecular markers: mitochondrial cox1 and the second internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA genes. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the cox1 sequences confirmed that all of the examined hard Ixodes ticks represented I. nipponensis. This finding indicates a potential risk of zoonotic I. nipponensis infection in humans and animals in China. To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the occurrence of I. nipponensis infection in goats in China.
摘要：
Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites of great medical and veterinary significance that can transmit bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses, causing a variety of human and animal diseases worldwide. In the present study, the intestinal bacterial flora associated with Haemaphysalis flava ticks in different developmental stages were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Eleven distinct DGGE bands were found using PCR-DGGE method. Sequences analyses indicated that they belonged to Bacillus cereus, Candidatus rickettsia, Erwinia sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rickettsia peacockii, Rickettsia helvetica, Rickettsia slovaca, Staphylococcus simulans and Uncultured bacterium clone. Our find that the K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa isolates were presented in all H. flava ticks in different developmental stages. The present results indicated that zoonotic pathogens are present in H. flava ticks in Henan province, China. To our knowledge, this is the first report on intestinal bacterial flora associated with H. flava ticks in China.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF BASIC MICROBIOLOGY,2017年57(4):302-308 ISSN：0233-111X
通讯作者：
Cheng, Tianyin
作者机构：
[Cheng, Tianyin; Duan, Deyong] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Cheng, Tianyin] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Lab Mol Physiol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Cheng, Tianyin] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Lab Mol Physiol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
different developmental stages;Haemaphysalis flava;illumina MiSeq;microbial community structure and diversity;V3 region of the 16S rDNA
摘要：
In this study, we analyzed the in vivo microbial community structure and diversity differences of Haemaphysalis flava (H. flava) in four developmental stages (egg, larva, nymph, and adult) to determine which bacterial genera could be propagated through transovarial transmission and transmitted by transstadial transmission during different developmental stages of H. flava. Paired-end sequencing of the V3 region of the 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) of H. flava in four developmental stage samples was conducted using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. The following operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of H. flava were obtained during the four developmental stages: 89 of egg, 111 of larva, 104 of nymph, and 106 of female adult tick. Sixty-four of these OTUs had high similarity in the four developmental stages of H. flava. Eight bacterial genera had the highest abundances in all developmental stages, namely, Rickettsia, Coxiella, Pseudomonas, Ehrlichia, Escherichia, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, and Cupriavidus. The nymph had the highest abundance of Coxiella, and the female adult tick had the highest abundance of Rickettsia. Staphylococcus and Wolbachia were detected in all developmental stages except the egg.
摘要：
Although Pomacea canaliculata is native to South and Central America, it has become one of the most abundant invasive species worldwide and causes extensive damage to agriculture and horticulture. Conventional physical and chemical techniques have been used to eliminate P. canaliculata, but the effects are not ideal. Therefore, it is important to devise a new method based on a greater understanding of the biology of P. canaliculata. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying digestion and absorption in P. canaliculata are not well understood due to the lack of available genomic information for this species, particularly for digestive enzyme genes. In the present study, hepatopancreas transcriptome sequencing produced over 223 million high-quality reads, and a global de novo assembly generated a total of 87,766 unique transcripts (unigenes), of which 19,942 (22.7%) had significant similarities to proteins in the UniProt database. In addition, 296,675 annotated sequences were associated with Gene Ontology (GO) terms. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment was performed for the unique unigenes, and 262 pathways (p-value < 10−5) in P. canaliculata were found to be predominantly related to plant consumption and coarse fiber digestion and absorption. These transcripts were classified into four large categories: hydrolase, transferase, isomerase and cytochrome P450. The Reads Per Kilobase of transcript per Million mapped reads (RPKM) analysis showed that there were 523 down-regulated unigenes and 406 up-regulated unigenes in the starving apple snails compared with the satiated apple snails. Several important genes are associated with digestion and absorption in plants: endo-beta-1, 4-glucanase, xylanase, cellulase, cellulase EGX1, cellulase EGX3 and G-type lysozyme genes were identified. The qRT-PCR results confirmed that the expression patterns of these genes (except for the longipain gene) were consistent with the RNA-Seq results. Our results provide a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular genes associated with hepatopancreas functioning. Differentially expressed genes corresponding to critical metabolic pathways were detected in the transcriptome of starving apple snails compared with satiated apple snails. In addition to the cellulase gene, other genes were identified that may be important factors in plant matter metabolism in P. canaliculata, and this information has the potential to expedite the study of digestive physiology in apple snails.
摘要：
The ecological system of urban green land is a special ecological system which is mainly to the living environment. The denaturalization of urban environment and its environmental stress are becoming more and more serious. The reasons of urban green land producing biological risk are complex, which cause serious threat to the safety of urban landscape and living environment. At the same time, as the mainly collecting and distributing centre of people and logistics, cities are extremely probable to be invaded by harmful biology. This article analyzed the potential biological risks in different types of green land and put forward some measures about reasonable monitoring, preventive treatment, and scientific management to promote the healthy development of ecological green land system in China from the causes of the green land biological risk.
