作者机构：
Present Address: Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, MOA, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.;[Zhao, Xuhong; Sang, Tao; Kang, Lifang] Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.;[Yi, Zili; Xiao, Liang] College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Liu, Xia] CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
通讯机构：
[Juan Yan; Hongmei Huang] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
通讯机构：
[Xuewen Zhang] K;[Xiaozhu Liu] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Food & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550000, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
Wickerhamomyces anomalus (W. anomalus) is widely reported in the brewing industry and has positive effects on the aromatic profiles of wines because of its unique physiological characteristics and metabolic features. However, the accumulation of ethanol during fermentation inhibits the growth of W. anomalus. Thiamine is involved in the response against various abiotic stresses in microorganisms. Therefore, we used transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to study the effect of thiamine on ethanol-stressed W. anomalus. The results indicate that thiamine could alleviate the inhibitory effect of ethanol stress on the survival of W. anomalus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) caused by the thiamine intervention were identified as oxidative phosphorylation through integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. In addition, ethanol treatment decreased the content of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), while thiamine partially alleviated this phenomenon. The present comprehensive transcriptional overview and metabolomic analysis provide insights about the mechanisms of thiamine protection on W. anomalus under ethanol stress and promote the potential applications of W. anomalus in the fermentation industry.
作者机构：
[Shitou Xia] Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Yuelin Zhang] Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada;Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada;[Xueru Liu] Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada<&wdkj&>Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
通讯机构：
[Shitou Xia] H;[Yuelin Zhang] D;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
摘要：
Higher plants utilize a variety of immune receptors to recognize pathogens and trigger defense responses. Intracellular nucleotidebinding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are widely used for detecting pathogen effectors (Jones et al., 2016; Zhou and Zhang, 2020). NLRs are also present in animals, including mammals, although they seem to have evolved separately through convergent evolution (Urbach and Ausubel, 2017). Both plant and animal NLRs contain a central nucleotide-binding (NB) domain and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeats (LRR) region. The NB domain is required for oligomerization of the receptors to form higher order complexes, i.e., resistosomes in higher plants and inflammasomes in mammals, for signaling. The highly variable LRR region is often involved in selfinhibition, protein-protein interactions, and effector recognition (Saur et al., 2020).
摘要：
Exploring the relationship between net anthropogenic phosphorus input (NAPI) and soil available P (SAP) content could inform applied issues related to environmental quality and agronomic productivity and increase our knowledge of element biogeochemical cycles. Here, the NAPI was estimated and the SAP content determined in eight counties in subtropical China from 1980 to 2010. It is suggested that the NAPI ranging 318-924 km(-2) yr(-1) in 1980 had increased substantially to 865-3601 km(-2) yr(-1) in 2010 across the eight counties, in which the P fertilizer application was estimated to represent the largest individual source of NAPI, accounting for an average of 36.1-74.6% of the NAPI. The NAPI in agricultural land (NAPIa) was the largest component of the NAPI, and 60.7-77.1% of the NAPIa accumulated in the upper 20 cm layer of agricultural soils, which significantly increased soil total-P (TP) and SAP contents. The increases in SAP, resulting from 10,000 kg P km(-2) of the NAPI(a) (IOPNAPI), were estimated to be 1.61-4.36 mg P kg(-1) in the counties. Both the correlation and variation partitioning analyses (VPAs) suggested that the soil pH and organic matter content (SOM) were the most important factors influencing the variations of IOPNAPI (determination coefficient: 72.5%). Therefore, the contribution of soil pH and SOM should be considered in enriching soil SAP levels and implementing optimal P management strategies to improving the agronomic effectiveness of P fertilization and further reduce the environmental risk of P loss in subtropical region. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Successful floral meristem (FM) determinacy is critical for subsequent reproductive development and the plant life cycle. Although the phytohormones cytokinin and auxin interact to coregulate many aspects of plant development, whether and how cytokinin and auxin function in FM determinacy remain unclear. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, cytokinin homeostasis is critical for FM determinacy. In this developmental context, auxin promotes the expression of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ARF3) to repress cytokinin activity. ARF3 directly represses the expression of ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE (IPT) family genes and indirectly represses LONELY GUY (LOG) family genes, both of which encode enzymes required for cytokinin biosynthesis. ARF3 also directly inhibits the expression of ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE4, a cytokinin receptor gene, resulting in reduced cytokinin activity. Consequently, ARF3 controls cell division by regulating cell cycle gene expression through cytokinin. In flowers, we show that AGAMOUS (AG) dynamically regulates the expression of ARF3 and IPTs, resulting in coordinated regulation of FM maintenance and termination through cell division. Moreover, genome-wide transcriptional profiling revealed both repressive and active roles for ARF3 in early flower development. Our findings establish a molecular link between AG and auxin/cytokinin and shed light on the mechanisms of stem cell maintenance and termination in the FM.
关键词：
Crop morbidity;Biological control agents;Bacterial interactions;Bacterial diversity;Bacterial community structure
摘要：
Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, occurs occasionally during tobacco planting and potentially brings huge economic losses in affected areas. Soil microbes in different management stages play important roles in influencing bacterial wilt incidence. Studies have focused on the impacts of species diversity and composition during cropping periods on disease morbidity; however, the effects of the soil bacterial biomass, species diversity, species succession, and population interactions on morbidity remain unclear during non-cropping periods. In this study, we explored the soil bacterial communities in the non-cropping winter fallow (WF) and cropping late growing (LG) periods under consecutive monoculture systems using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and qPCR and further analyzed their effects on tobacco bacterial wilt incidence. We found that the bacterial communities in the WF period were significantly different from those in the LG period based on detrended correspondence analysis and dissimilarity tests. Crop morbidity was significantly related to bacterial community structure and to the presence of some genera during WF and LG periods. These genera, such as Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Acidobacteria GP6, and Pasteuria, may be potential biological control agents for bacterial wilt. Further analysis indicated that low soil bacterial diversity during the WF period, decrease of bacterial interactions from the WF to LG periods, and low soil biomass during the LG period all have the potential to increase morbidity. In conclusion, an increase of soil bacterial diversity and control of some bacterial abundances in the WF period might be an effective approach in controlling bacterial wilt incidence.
摘要：
In recent years, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), especially sulfate radical based AOPs have been widely used in various fields of wastewater treatment due to their capability and adaptability in decontamination. Recently, metal-free carbon materials catalysts in sulfate radical production has been more and more concerned because these materials have been demonstrated to be promising alternatives to conventional metal-based catalysts, but the review of metal-free catalysts is rare. The present review outlines the current state of knowledge on the generation of sulfate radical using metal-free catalysts including carbon nanotubes, graphene, mesoporous carbon, activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, nanodiamond. The mechanism such as the radical pathway and non-radical pathway, and factors influencing of the activation of sulfate radical was also be revealed. Knowledge gaps and research needs have been identified, which include the perspectives on challenges related to metal-free catalyst, heterogeneous metal-free catalyst/persulfate systems and their potential in practical environmental remediation. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Increased nitrogen (N) concentrations in water bodies have highlighted issues regarding nutrient pollution in agricultural catchments. In this study, the ammonium-N (NH4
+-N), nitrate-N (NO3
−-N), and total N (TN) concentrations were observed in the stream water and groundwater of two contrasting catchments (named Tuojia and Jianshan) in subtropical central China from 2010 to 2014, to determine the rice agriculture impacts on the hydrographic patterns, and N export characteristics of the catchments. The results suggested that greater amounts of stream flow (523.0 vs. 434.7 mm year−1) and base flow (237.6 vs. 142.8 mm year−1) were produced in Tuojia than in Jianshan, and a greater base flow contribution to stream flow and higher frequencies of high-base flow days were observed during the fallow season than during the rice-growing season, indicating that intensive rice agriculture strongly influences the catchment hydrographic pattern. Rice agriculture resulted in moderate N pollution in the stream water and groundwater, particularly in Tuojia. Primarily, rice agriculture increased the NH4
+-N concentration in the stream water; however, it increased the NO3
−-N concentrations in the groundwater, suggesting that the different N species in the paddy fields migrated out of the catchments through distinct hydrological pathways. The average TN loading via stream flow and base flow was greater in Tuojia than in Jianshan (1.72 and 0.58 vs. 0.72 and 0.15 kg N ha−1 month−1, respectively). Greater TN loading via stream flow was observed during the fallow season in Tuojia and during the rice-growing season in Jianshan, and these different results were most likely a result of the higher base flow contribution to TN loading (33.5 vs. 21.3%) and greater base flow enrichment ratio (1.062 vs. 0.876) in Tuojia than in Jianshan. Therefore, the impact of rice agriculture on catchment eco-hydrological processes should be considered when performing water quality protection and treatment in subtropical central China.
