摘要：
Lipid deposition has emerged as a looming challenge worldwide. Previous studies have confirmed the fat-lowering effect of tea polyphenols (TP) in mice, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether TP has the same effect in larger animals. Herein, we simultaneously investigated the regulatory effects of TP on lipid deposition in rats and Ningxiang pigs. The results showed that TP could effectively reduce fat accumulation in rats on a high-fat diet (HFD). As expected, TP supplementation led to a reduction in backfat thickness, fat rate, and subcutaneous fat cell size in Ningxiang pigs. Additionally, TP attenuated gut microbiota dysbiosis by enhancing microbial diversity and increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Akkermansia in both models. Collectively, our results suggest that TP may reduce fat accumulation in rats and Ningxiang pigs by regulating gut microbiota. Therefore, TP could potentially serve as a functional agent for improving fat deposition in humans and Ningxiang pigs.
摘要：
T-2 toxin, an unavoidable contaminant in animal feeds, can induce oxidative stress and damage immune organs. Melatonin (MT), a natural and potent antioxidant, has shown promise as a detoxifier for various mycotoxins. However, the detoxifying effect of MT on T-2 toxin has not been previously reported. In order to investigate the protective effect of MT added to diets on the immune system of T-2 toxin-exposed piglets, twenty piglets weaned at 28d of age were randomly divided into control, T-2 toxin (1 mg/kg), MT (5 mg/kg), and T-2 toxin (1 mg/kg) + MT (5 mg/kg) groups(n = 5 per group). Our results demonstrated that MT mitigated T-2 toxin-induced histoarchitectural alterations in the spleen and thymus, such as hemorrhage, decreased white pulp size in the spleen, and medullary cell sparing in the thymus. Further research revealed that MT promoted the expression of Nrf2 and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD, while reducing the production of the lipid peroxidation product MDA. Moreover, MT inhibited the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, regulated the expression of downstream cytokines IL-1 beta, IL -6, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta 1. MT also suppressed the activation of caspase-3 while down-regulating the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 to reduce apoptosis. Additionally, MT ameliorated the T-2 toxin-induced disorders of immune cells and immune molecules in the blood. In conclusion, our findings suggest that MT may effectively protect the immune system of piglets against T-2 toxin-induced damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in the spleen and thymus. Therefore, MT holds the potential as an antidote for T-2 toxin poisoning.
期刊：
Advanced Energy Materials,2024年14(3):2302712- ISSN：1614-6832
通讯作者：
Fu, Lijun;Wu, YP;Ozoemena, KI
作者机构：
[Ye, Jilei; Liu, Lili; Yuan, Xuelong; Fu, Lijun; Yuan, Xinhai; Zhang, Shuaishuai; Wu, Yuping; Fu, LJ] Nanjing Tech Univ, Coll Chem Engn, Sch Energy Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Mat Oriented Chem Engn, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Peng] Northeastern Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Ecol Met Multimet Minerals, Sch Met, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Xiongwei] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Tao; Wu, Yuping] Southeast Univ, Sch Energy & Environm, Confucius Energy Storage Lab, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;[Ozoemena, Kenneth I.; Ozoemena, KI] Univ Witwatersrand, Mol Sci Inst, Sch Chem, Private Bag 3, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
通讯机构：
[Wu, YP ; Fu, LJ] N;[Ozoemena, KI ] U;Nanjing Tech Univ, Coll Chem Engn, Sch Energy Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Mat Oriented Chem Engn, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;Southeast Univ, Sch Energy & Environm, Confucius Energy Storage Lab, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;Univ Witwatersrand, Mol Sci Inst, Sch Chem, Private Bag 3, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
关键词：
Al metal;aqueous rechargeable Al-ion battery;cobalt hexacyanoferrate;high energy density
摘要：
An aqueous rechargeable Al‐ion battery (ARAIB) using a cubic phase cobalt hexacyanoferrate as positive electrode shows excellent rate and cycling performance together with an average discharge voltage of 1.56 V and an energy density of 155 Wh kg−1. Abstract Like other aqueous batteries, aqueous rechargeable Al‐ion batteries (ARAIBs) have attracted much attention due to their high safety and low cost. However, the low energy density of ARAIBs limits its popularization and application. In order to solve this problem, in addition to choosing Al metal as the negative electrode, it is also necessary to choose a suitable positive electrode material. Here, a cubic phase cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF) with excellent rate and cycling performance is used as the positive electrode material. Due to the reversible catalysis of the Cl−/Cl0 reaction at high potential in saturated AlCl3 solution, it has the characteristics of high capacity up to 103.5 mAh g−1. Combined with the Al metal as negative electrode, an ARAIB with an average discharge voltage of 1.56 V and an energy density of 155 Wh kg−1 is constructed, which shows outstanding cycling and rate performances.
摘要：
<bold>Background:</bold> Chlamydia is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium that is pathogenic for humans and a large variety of veterinary animal species. However, there is no continuous monitoring of chlamydia infection data in pigs in Hunan province, southern China. Therefore, in order to evaluate the seroprevalence and identify risk factors associated with Chlamydia infection in pigs within this region, a comprehensive study was conducted. <bold>Methods:</bold> A total of 3848 serum samples were collected from pigs (from farmers and companies) between May 2017 and August 2018. The presence of specific antibodies against Chlamydia was determined through the employment of the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). <bold>Results:</bold> The overall seroprevalence of Chlamydia was determined to be 26.90% (1038/3848, 95% confidence interval: 25.60-28.40). By employing statistical analysis using SPSS software (p < 0.05), factors such as altitude, sampling regions, and rearing systems of pigs were identified as potential risk factors for Chlamydia infection. <bold>Conclusion:</bold> These findings elucidate a substantial prevalence of Chlamydia in pigs within the mountainous region of Hunan province, southern China, thereby highlighting a potential risk to human health. These results underscore the need for proactive measures and targeted interventions to mitigate the transmission of Chlamydia in porcine populations, safeguarding both animal welfare and public health.
作者机构：
[Ouyang, Zan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Water Resource & Civil Engn, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Xinfang; Tian, Juncang] Ningxia Univ, Sch Civil & Hydraul Engn, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Xinfang; Tian, Juncang] Ningxia Univ, Engn Technol Res Ctr Water Saving Irrigat & Water, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Xinfang; Tian, Juncang] Ningxia Univ, Engn Res Ctr Efficient Utilizat Modern Agr Water R, Minist Educ, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ouyang, Z ] H;[Tian, JC ] N;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Water Resource & Civil Engn, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Ningxia Univ, Sch Civil & Hydraul Engn, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.;Ningxia Univ, Engn Technol Res Ctr Water Saving Irrigat & Water, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.
关键词：
brackish water drip irrigation;photosynthetic characteristics;dry matter accumulation;soil microorganisms
摘要：
Water shortages and soil salinization are the bottlenecks of sustainable agricultural development in many arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Brackish water as a supplementary water source for agricultural irrigation is an important way to solve the shortage of agricultural water resources in arid regions. To study the effect of the mineralization degree of irrigation water (MIW) on the yield and quality of greenhouse fruit cucumber in arid, semi-arid, and cold regions, the effects of MIW on the photosynthesis, yield, and quality of greenhouse fruit cucumber, as well as the soil microorganisms and enzyme activity, were evaluated based on observed data from spring–summer (S−S) and autumn–winter (A−W). In this study, fruit cucumbers from Ningxia sunlight greenhouses were studied in a comparative experimental design with four MIW levels (CK, 2.8–3.0 g L−1; S1, 1.9–2.3 g L−1; S2, 1.2–1.4 g L−1; S3, 0.3–0.5 g L−1) where CK was used as the control treatment. The main indicators of fruit cucumber yield and fruit quality increased with MIW from 0.3 g L−1 to 3.0 g L−1. Compared with CK, the leaf area index (LAI) and net photosynthetic rate (A) of S3 of S−S (A−W) increased by 17.92% (26.32%) and 112.89% (17.68%), respectively. Vitamin C, soluble protein, and nitrate contents increased by 118.75% (24.92%), 41.67% (28.89%), and 43.09% (41.90%), respectively. The soil respiration rate (SRR) increased by 46.51% (90.48%). The yield and water use efficiency (WUE) increased by 35.98% (27.94%) and 12.95% (10.64%), respectively. A model of MIW and soil EC was developed and the applicability of the model was verified, with relative errors ranging from 2.7% to 7.8% (less than 10%). Within the experimental range, irrigation with lower MIW, which facilitated the increase in soil microbial load and soil respiration rate, promoted fruit cucumber growth, A, yield, and DMA, but was not conducive to fruit sugar accumulation; higher MIW was more conducive to improving fruit quality. The comprehensive assessment determined that the better MIW was 0.3–0.5 g L−1 (S3). The results of the study provide a feasible way to improve the quality and efficiency of greenhouse crops irrigated with brackish water in arid and semi-arid cold regions.
关键词：
Soil organic matter;Spatial prediction;Digital soil mapping;Sampling density optimization;Random forest
摘要：
Purpose Spatial prediction of soil organic matter (SOM) in cultivated land is crucial for evaluating soil productivity and its role in terrestrial carbon cycling. Cultivated soils in mountainous regions are commonly scattered on the footslope whereas those in the plain regions are continuously planar distributed; hence, they are quite different in the degree of variation in soil-forming factors and thereby the soil properties including SOM. Materials and methods In this study, we used the digital soil mapping approach (DSM) to predict SOM (0-20 cm) in cultivated soils in a hill-mountain region, Longshan County (LS), and a plain-platform region, Nanxian County (NX), which are both located at the same latitude in Southern China. By using 6746 and 9571 soil sampling points for LS and NX, respectively, together with 33 environmental covariates, the optimal spatial interpolation models and the reasonable sample strategy were carefully discussed. Results and discussion Descriptive statistical results showed that SOM in LS and NX were both moderate variations (coefficient variation, 0.34) and were approximately normal distribution. SOM in NX was strongly spatially dependent while SOM in LS was a moderate spatial dependence. The conditional Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS) was more appropriate compared with the Simple Random Sampling (SRS) as the sampling strategy. The optimal model for predicting cultivated land SOM was the Random Forest (RF) model for both LS and NX. The prediction accuracy was positively correlated with the sampling density. Specifically, to obtain a high prediction accuracy, the reasonable sampling density for SOM in LS should be controlled at >= 4.0 per km(2), higher than that in NX (>= 2.0 per km(2)). Conclusions The combination of cLHS and the RF model probably is the best choice for cultivated land SOM spatial prediction in different terrains. Therefore, our results provide a basis for future DSM of SOM in similar regions and help optimize soil sampling density.
摘要：
center dot Sugar transporter proteins (STPs) play critical roles in regulating plant stress tolerance, growth, and development. However, the role of STPs in regulating crop yield is poorly understood.center dot This study elucidates the mechanism by which knockout of the sugar transporter OsSTP15 enhances grain yield via increasing the tiller number in rice.center dot We found that OsSTP15 is specifically expressed in the shoot base and vascular bundle sheath of seedlings and encodes a plasma membrane-localized high-affinity glucose efflux transporter. OsSTP15 knockout enhanced sucrose and trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) synthesis in leaves and improved sucrose transport to the shoot base by inducing the expression of sucrose transporters. Higher glucose, sucrose, and Tre6P contents were observed at the shoot base of stp15 plants. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of the shoot base demonstrated that OsSTP15 knockout upregulated the expression of cytokinin (CK) synthesis-and signaling pathway-related genes and increased CK levels.center dot These findings suggest that OsSTP15 knockout represses glucose export from the cytoplasm and simultaneously enhances sugar transport from source leaves to the shoot base by promoting the synthesis of sucrose and Tre6P in leaves. Subsequent accumulation of glucose, sucrose, and Tre6P in the shoot base promotes tillering by stimulating the CK signaling pathway.
摘要：
Background: Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of naturally occurring steroidal phytohormones mediating a wide range of pivotal developmental and physiological functions throughout the plant’s life cycle. Therefore, it is of great significance to determine the content and the distribution of BRs in plants.Regretfully, although a large number of quantitative methods for BRs by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) have been reported, the in planta distribution of BRs is still unclear because of their lower contents in plant tissues and the lack of effective ionizable groups in their chemical structures. Methods: We stablished a novel analytical method of BRs based on C18 cartridge solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification, 4-(dimethylamino)-phenylboronic acid (DMAPBA) derivatization, and online valve-switching system coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electro spray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). This method has been used to quantify three structural types of BRs (epibrassinolide, epicastasterone, and 6-deoxo-24-epicastaster one) in different organs of Brassica napus L. (rapeseed). Results: We obtained the contents of three structural types of BRs in various organ tissues of rapeseed. The contents of three BRs in rapeseed flowers were the highest, followed by tender pods. The levels of three BRs all decreased during the maturation of the organs. We outlined the spatial distribution maps of three BRs in rapeseed based on these results, so as to understand the spatial distribution of BRs at the visual level. Conclusions: Our results provided useful information for the precise in situ localization of BRs in plants and the metabolomic research of BRs in future work. The in planta spatial distribution of BRs at the visual level has been studied for the first time.
摘要：
Lemon essential oil (LEO) is a common natural antibacterial substance, and encapsulating LEO into nanoemulsions (NEs) can improve their stability and broaden its application. Our study aimed to investigate the bacterial inhibitory effect of LEO-NEs against Escherichia coli (E. coli). Results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of LEO-NEs was 6.25mg/mL, and the time-kill curve showed that E. coli were significantly killed by LEO-NEs after 5h of treatment at 1MIC. Flow-cytometry analysis showed that LEO-NEs adversely affected the cell-membrane depolarisation, cell-membrane integrity, and efflux pump function of E. coli. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that 8MIC of LEO-NEs induced changes in the cell-membrane permeability and cell-wall integrity of E. coli. Proteomic results suggested that the mode of action LEO-NEs against E. coli was to enhance bacterial chemotaxis and significantly inhibit ribosomal assembly. They may also affect butyric acid, ascorbic acid and aldehyde metabolism, and sulphur-relay system pathways. In conclusion, LEO-NEs had potential application as a natural antibacterial agent for the control of E. coli in the food industry.
通讯机构：
[Li, T ; Qin, S ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Hunan Agr Prod Proc Inst, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.
关键词：
crocin;Gardenia jasminoides Ellis;glycolipid metabolism disorder;gut microbiota;TLR4/Myd88/NF-kappa B pathway
摘要：
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is abundant in crocin and has a longstanding historical usage both as a dietary and natural ethnic medicine. Enhanced studies have increasingly revealed the intricate interplay between glycolipid metabolism and gut microbiota, wherein their imbalance is regarded as a pivotal indicator of metabolic disorders. Currently, the precise molecular mechanism of the crude extract of crocin from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GC) targeting gut microbiota to regulate glycolipid metabolism disorder is still unclear. Firstly, we explored the effect of GC on digestive enzymes (alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase) in vitro. Secondly, we investigated the effect of GC on the physical and chemical parameters of high-fat diet (HFD) rats, such as body weight change, fasting blood glucose and lipid levels, and liver oxidative stress and injury. Then, 16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyze the effects of GC on the composition and structure of gut microbiota. Finally, the impact of GC on the TLR4/Myd88/NF-kappa B signaling pathway in the intestine was assessed by Western Blotting. In the present study, GC was found to exhibit a hypoglycemic effect in vitro, by inhibition of digestive enzymes. In animal experiments, we observed that GC significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, TC, and TG levels while increasing HDL-C levels. Additionally, GC demonstrated hepatoprotective properties by enhancing liver antioxidative capacity through the upregulation of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, while reducing ROS. 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that GC had a significant effect on the gut microbiota of HFD rats, mainly by reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bateroidota, and significantly affected the genera related to glycolipid metabolism, such as Akkermansia, Ligilactobacillus, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Prevotellaceae, etc. The Western Blotting results demonstrated that GC effectively downregulated the protein expressions of TLR4, Myd88, and NF-kappa B in the intestine of HFD rats, indicating that GC could target the TLR4/Myd88/NF-kappa B pathway to interfere with glycolipid metabolism disorder. Correlation analysis revealed that GC could target the Akkermansia-TLR4/Myd88/NF-kappa B pathway axis which attenuates glycolipid metabolism disorder. Therefore, this study establishes the foundation for GC as a novel therapeutic agent for glycolipid metabolism disorder chemoprevention, and it introduces a novel methodology for harnessing the potential of natural botanical extracts in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome.
作者：
Li, Yiman;Henke, Michael;Zhang, Dalong;Wang, Chuanqing;Wei, Min
期刊：
Agronomy,2024年14(2):314- ISSN：2073-4395
通讯作者：
Wei, M
作者机构：
[Zhang, Dalong; Wei, M; Wang, Chuanqing; Wei, Min; Li, Yiman] Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Hort Sci & Engn, Tai An 271018, Peoples R China.;[Henke, Michael] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Smart Agr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Dalong; Wei, M; Wei, Min] China Japan Protected Hort Cooperat Res Ctr Shando, Tai An 271018, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wei, M ] S;Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Hort Sci & Engn, Tai An 271018, Peoples R China.;China Japan Protected Hort Cooperat Res Ctr Shando, Tai An 271018, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Experimental studies were conducted on the cultivation of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) at Shandong Agricultural University, China, from 2022 to 2023. Three cultivation patterns were designed as follows: a north–south orientation with a row spacing of 1.40 m (NS-1.4m), a north–south orientation with a row spacing of 1.80 m (NS-1.8m) and an east–west orientation with a row spacing of 1.80 m (EW-1.8m). A functional–structural plant model using the open source interactive modeling platform of GroIMP was constructed for the cultivation of tomatoes. The growth of plants as well as the light distribution and light interception capacity of the crop canopy were simulated and analyzed. The impacts of these cultivation patterns on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, fruit ripening time, quality and yield of tomato plants were analyzed. The studies revealed that compared with the NS-1.4m treatment, the canopy light interception of tomato plants under the NS-1.8m and EW-1.8m treatments increased by 6.08% and 9.80% in a winter–spring crop and 6.80% and 19.76% in an autumn–winter crop, respectively. Their plant height, leaf area, aboveground dry matter accumulation, leaf net photosynthesis rate as well as the lycopene, vitamin C and sugar–acid ratio of the fruit all exhibited increasing trends, while fruit ripening was accelerated. The yield of the NS-1.8m and EW-1.8m treatments increased by 3.92% and 6.18% in a winter–spring crop and 4.17% and 9.78% in an autumn–winter crop, respectively. Structural equation modeling was used to further analyze the data, confirming that the cultivation of an east–west orientation with wide row spacing is beneficial for tomato cultivation in Chinese solar greenhouses. This cultivation pattern maximizes the canopy’s light interception, thus leading to improved fruit quality and yield. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for optimizing the cultivation pattern of solar greenhouse crops.
摘要：
Increased planting densities boost crop yields. A compact plant architecture facilitates dense planting. However, the mechanisms regulating compact plant architecture in cucurbits remain unclear. In this study, we identified a cucumber (Cucumis sativus) compact plant architecture (cpa1) mutant from an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized library that exhibited distinctive phenotypic traits, including reduced leaf petiole angle and leaf size. The candidate mutation causes a premature stop codon in CsaV3_1G036420, which shares similarity to Arabidopsis HOOKLESS 1 (HLS1) encoding putative histone N-acetyltransferase (HAT) protein and was named CsHLS1. Consistent with the mutant phenotype, CsHLS1 was predominantly expressed in leaf petiole bases and leaves. Constitutive overexpressing CsHLS1 in cpa1 restored the wild-type plant architecture. Knockout of CsHLS1 resulted in reduces leaf petiole angle and leaf size and as well as decreased acetylation levels. Furthermore, CsHLS1 directly interacted with CsSCL28 and negatively regulated compact plant architecture in cucumber. Importantly, CsHLS1 knockout increased the photosynthesis rate and leaf nitrogen in cucumbers, thereby maintaining cucumber yield at normal density. Overall, our research provides valuable genetic breeding resource and gene target for creating a compact plant architecture for dense cucumber planting.
摘要：
The distribution of nutrients in sediments is the result of multiple factors, including hydrological conditions and vegetation regulation, and in wetlands with complex hydrological conditions, this distribution is uncertain. In this study, the spatial distribution patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments were studied in the riverside and lakeside wetlands of Dongting Lake, a typical river-connected lake. The results showed that the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the surface sediments were higher than those in the subsurface sediments in both the riverside and lakeside wetlands. In addition, the concentration of total nitrogen (TN) of lakeside wetlands in the surface sediments was higher than that of riverside wetlands, whereas the concentration of total phosphorus (TP) did not differ between the two wetland types. In the surface sediments, there were significant positive correlations between the TN and TP concentrations in the riverside wetlands (p < 0.05), but no significant correlation in the lakeside wetlands (p > 0.05). In riverside wetlands, the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations showed strong spatial dependence. However, in the lakeside wetlands, the spatial dependence of NO3−-N was strong, that of NH4+-N was moderate, and that of TN and TP was weak. This study shows that both hydrology and vegetation cause differences in the distribution of nutrients in the sediments. The results obtained from this investigation clarify the differences of sediment nitrogen and phosphorus distributions in the two types of wetlands and provide a technical reference for the management of different wetland types.
通讯机构：
[Zhou, N ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Biochar, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Transition-metal-catalyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in existing bactericidal systems, but there are some problems, such as poor stability, ease of dissolution, and difficulty in reusing. To address the issue of stability, we have developed a sufficient electron-donating (SED) system. In the presence of the two most active transition metals with multiple valences, several as-formed redox pairs can provide sufficient electrons, and then effectively trigger the reduction of H2O/O-2 to produce O-1(2), <middle dot>OH and <middle dot>O-2(-) without any assistance from extra energy or other active oxidants. Consequently, the SED system showed 100% removal efficiency for Escherichia coli in 2 h, and also showed remarkable stability and reusability with 85% inactivation after 11 repetitions. It is worth noting that <middle dot>OH and O-1(2) play a major role in the bactericidal process. While <middle dot>O-2(-) mainly plays a role in promoting the formation of O-1(2) and <middle dot>OH.
摘要：
Effects of steam explosion (SE) treatment (0.3-1.0 MPa, 30-90s) on the physicochemical and functional properties of dietary fiber (DF) extracted from tea residue were investigated. Results showed that SE led to the formation of porous and less compact microstructures of tea residues. Compared with the control sample (12.41 g/100 g), the content of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) was markedly increased by SE, reaching the maximum of 23.03 g/100 g when steam explored at 0.5 MPa for 90 s, due to the degradation of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). The physicochemical and functional properties were significantly influenced by SE treatments. IDF exhibited decreased water holding capacity (WHC), swelling capacity (SC), oil holding capacity (OHC) after SE, whereas the physicochemical properties of SDF from SE-treated tea residues (0.3 MPa, 90s) were greatly improved. The glucose absorption capacity (GAC), cholesterol adsorption capacity (CAC), and nitrite ion adsorption capacity (NIAC) of both IDF and SDF showed trends of first increasing and then decreasing, indicating that excessive SE treatment resulted in poor properties of DF. These findings are of great value for the high-value utilization of agricultural by-product and development of functional foods.
作者机构：
[Lin, Jiaji; Wu, Haoyang; Wang, Jinyu; Peng, Yi; Lv, Peiyuan] Air Force Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Dept Neurol, Xian, Peoples R China.;[Lin, Jiaji; Wu, Haoyang; Wang, Jinyu; Lv, Peiyuan] Air Force Med Univ, Basic Med Sch, Xian, Peoples R China.;[Bennett, Brian] NIEHS, Integrat Bioinformat Support Grp, Durham, NC USA.;[Wang, Jiajia] Chinese Acad Sci, Comp Network Informat Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Li, Pishun] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Lin, JJ ] A;[Hu, G ] N;Air Force Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Dept Neurol, Xian, Peoples R China.;Air Force Med Univ, Basic Med Sch, Xian, Peoples R China.;NIEHS, Epigenet & Stem Cell Biol Lab, Durham, NC 27709 USA.
摘要：
Epigenetic regulators present novel opportunities for both ischemic stroke research and therapeutic interventions. While previous work has implicated that they may provide neuroprotection by potentially influencing coordinated sets of genes and pathways, most of them remain largely uncharacterized in ischemic conditions. In this study, we used the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model in the immortalized mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT-22 and carried out an RNAi screen on epigenetic regulators. PRMT5 was identified as a novel negative regulator of neuronal cell survival after OGD, which presented a phenotype of translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus upon oxygen and energy depletion both in vitro and in vivo. PRMT5 bound to the chromatin and a large number of promoter regions to repress downstream gene expression. Silencing Prmt5 significantly dampened the OGD-induced changes for a large-scale of genes, and gene ontology analysis showed that PRMT5-target genes were highly enriched for Hedgehog signaling. Encouraged by the above observation, mice were treated with middle cerebral artery occlusion with the PRMT5 inhibitor EPZ015666 and found that PRMT5 inhibition sustains protection against neuronal death in vivo. Together, these findings revealed a novel epigenetic mechanism of PRMT5 in cerebral ischemia and uncovered a potential target for neuroprotection.
摘要：
In this study, the speciation, leachability, phytoaccessibility, and environmental risks of heavy metals (Cd, Zn, and Cu) during liquefaction of contaminated peanut straw in ethanol at different temperatures (220, 260, 300, 340, and 380 degrees C) were comprehensively investigated. The results showed that elevated temperatures facilitated heavy metal accumulation in the biochar. The acid-soluble/exchangeable and reducible fraction percentages of heavy metals were substantially reduced in the biochar after liquefaction as the temperature increased, and the oxidizable fraction became the dominant heavy metal fraction, accounting for 44.14-78.67%. Furthermore, although an excessively high liquefaction temperature (380 degrees C) increased the residual fraction percentages of Zn and Cu, it was detrimental to Cd immobilization. The acid-soluble/exchangeable Cd in the contaminated peanut straw readily migrates to the bio-oil during liquefaction, with the highest concentration of 1.60 mg/kg at 260 degrees C liquefaction temperature, whereas Zn and Cu are predominantly bound to the unexchangeable fraction in the bio-oil. Liquefaction inhibited heavy metal leachability and phytoaccessibility in biochar, the lowest extraction rates of Cd, Zn, and Cu were 0.71%, 1.66% and 0.95% by diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, respectively. However, the leaching and extraction concentrations increased when the temperature was raised to 380 degrees C. Additionally, heavy metal risk was reduced from medium and high risk to no and low risk. In summary, liquefaction reduces heavy metal toxicity and the risks associated with contaminated peanut straw, and a temperature range of 300-340 degrees C for ethanol liquefaction can be considered optimal for stabilizing heavy metals.
摘要：
This study provided a new perspective on regulating strawberry flavor during storage by maintaining fungal community balance with active packaging film. Compared with initial strawberries (IS), gelatin composite film-packaged strawberries (CG) showed pleasant fruity and fragrance flavor whose relative content of most esters (ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, etc), 2-hexen-1-ol, hexanal D, and 3-pentanone increased, while other treated strawberries possessed alcoholic, sour, or moldy flavor. Furthermore, the relative abundance of fungal community (Mycosphaerella, Botrytis, Papiliotrema, Vishniacozyma, Filobasidium, etc) in CG was similar to that of IS. However, Botrytis was the dominant fungal genus in other treated strawberries and their fungal diversity decreased. Spearman correlation coefficient indicated that Papiliotrema, Vishniacozyma, and Filobasidium were highly correlated with flavor formation of strawberries (esters, alcohols, aldehydes, etc). Therefore, this work contributed to understanding the effect of fungal community on flavor formation of strawberry fruit during storage and also revealing the great potential of gelatin composite film on maintaining the quality of postharvest strawberries during storage.
摘要：
More and more researchers are focusing on the service condition of operational tunnel structures. In sulfate strata, tunnel lining structures are frequently affected by sulfate erosion, resulting in structural damage. However, the fracture evolution law and destabilization damage precursors of lining structures after erosion are not clear at present. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the failure precursors of concrete subjected to sulfate erosion by testing the uniaxial compressive strength and acoustic emission (AE) phenomenon of the specimens. The b -value in the G -R law was utilized to characterize the damage precursors of the concrete specimens during the loading process. The results indicated that the b -value changes during the loading process of the specimens exhibited distinct three -stage characteristics. Moreover, the high concentration of sulfate erosion resulted in the expansion of numerous pore -fracture structures within the concrete, and the AE was more active at all stages. Furthermore, the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) method was employed to analyze the multifractal characteristics of the AE sequences at different stages. The findings revealed that the multifractal intensity of the AE sequences at different stages of uniaxial compression of eroded concrete is greater. In addition, for the non -eroded concrete specimen, the multifractal eigenvalue Delta f(alpha) is slightly higher during the pore -fracture compaction stage, which was dominated by weak AE signals. Strong AE signals dominate during the yielding stage, resulting in greater fluctuations in the multifractal eigenvalue Delta f(alpha) and a significant decrease in the AE b -value. In contrast, the eroded concrete specimens exhibited smaller eigenvalues Delta f(alpha) during the pore -fracture compaction stage, indicating more strong AE signals. During the yield stage, the specimens showed a decreasing trend in Delta f(alpha), accompanied by fluctuating b -value. Overall, the AE multifractal characteristics and b -value of concrete specimens are correlated and can be used to characterize the damage precursors of concrete subjected to sulfate erosion. The conclusions of the study are of theoretical significance and application value for the stability monitoring and damage prediction of tunnel linings in sulfate formations.
