作者机构：
[Li, Zheng; Zhang, Baige; Li, Jing; Li, Hongzhao; Fu, Tianhong; Hao, Yongzhou] Guangdong Acad Agr Sci, Vegetable Res Inst, Key Lab New Technol Res Vegetable, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China.;[Nie, Chengrong; Li, Hongzhao; Hao, Yongzhou] Foshan Univ, Sch Food Sci & Technol, Foshan 528231, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Limei] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Mech & Elect Engn, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Fu, Tianhong] Zunyi Med Univ, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Bangxi; Fu, Tianhong] Guizhou Acad Agr Sci, Soil & Fertilizer Res Inst, Guiyang 550006, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chung-Yu Guan; Yutao Peng] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Department of Environmental Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan 260, Taiwan<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
摘要：
Waste straw biomass is an abundant renewable bioresource raw material on Earth. Its stubborn wooden cellulose structure limits straw lignocellulose bioconversion into value-added products (e.g., biofuel, chemicals, and agricultural products). Compared to physicochemical and other preprocessing techniques, the steam explosion method, as a kind of hydrothermal method, was considered as a practical, eco-friendly, and cost-effective method to overcome the above-mentioned barriers during straw lignocellulose bioconversion. Steam explosion pretreatment of straw lignocellulose can effectively improve the conversion efficiency of producing biofuels and value-added chemicals and is expected to replace fossil fuels and partially replace traditional chemical fertilizers. Although the principles of steam explosion destruction of lignocellulosic structures for bioconversion to liquid fuels and producing solid biofuel were well known, applications of steam explosion in productions of value-added chemicals, organic fertilizers, biogas, etc. were less identified. Therefore, this review provides insights into advanced methods of utilizing steam explosion for straw biomass conversion as well as their corresponding processes and mechanisms. Finally, the current limitations and prospects of straw biomass conversion with steam explosion technology were elucidated.
作者：
Du, Wenxuan;Yang, Junfeng;Li, Qian;He, Chunfeng;Pang, Yongzhen
期刊：
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2022年23(13):6906- ISSN：1422-0067
通讯作者：
Yongzhen Pang
作者机构：
[Li, Qian; Du, Wenxuan; Pang, Yongzhen; He, Chunfeng; Yang, Junfeng] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Anim Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Junfeng] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Li, Qian] Xinjiang Agr Univ, Coll Grassland & Environm Sci, West Arid Reg Grassland Resource & Ecol Key Lab, Urumqi 830052, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yongzhen Pang] I;Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
通讯机构：
[Guangcun Li] I;[Xingyao Xiong] H;Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Beijing 100081, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Potatoes, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
摘要：
In order to elucidate the contributions of JA in orchestrating disease resistance in potato plants, the potato genotype ‘SD20’, which exhibits strong resistance against the highly virulent Phytophthora infestans isolate CN152, while infected by the super virulent isolate 2013-18-306, was treated with exogenous JA and then challenged by inoculation with 2013-18-306. The results showed that exogenously applied JA significantly delayed the onset and alleviated the symptoms of late blight, indicating exogenous JA could induce resistance to P. infestans in the early biotrophic stage of infection in ‘SD20’ plants. To further clarify the role of JA in the early defense response and identify key genes involved in JA signal transduction, gene expression profiling via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in ‘SD20’ plants treated with exogenously applied JA was performed. A total of 2 927 differentially expressed genes were specifically induced, the majority encoded transcription factors, protein kinases, secondary metabolites, defense enzymes and disease resistance related proteins. GO functional annotation and KEGG metabolic pathway analysis showed that exogenously applied JA rapidly induced the expression of genes related to immune response regulation, pathogen defense, and other biological processes, and stimulated endogenous JA synthesis and signal transduction, and the overall early pathogen defense response in ‘SD20’. These results provide useful information in understanding the JA's function involved in pathogen defense responses and a theoretical basis for the application of JA in potato production.
摘要：
The effects of dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment (20s to 120s treatment time with 40kV, 12kHz) induced mild oxidation on the gelling properties, and related structural changes of glycinin were investigated. The gelling ability of glycinin was improved by the mild oxidation induced by the plasma treatment. Treated glycinin gels exhibited a continuous and uniform network microstructure. Samples treated for 120s had a 2.07-, 3.99- and 2.03-fold increase in hardness, chewiness, and resilience compared to the 20s treated samples. Structural analyses showed that primary and secondary structures of glycinin were unaffected. The tertiary structure was shifted, accompanied by a decrease in free sulfhydryl (-SH) content. At the same time, carbonyl content and average particle diameter were increased by DBD treatment. The DBD treatment facilitated the generation/exchange of intermolecular disulfide bonds and enhanced gelling properties of glycinin. It is concluded that controlled plasma-induced protein oxidation can improve protein functionality.
通讯机构：
[Xia Chen] D;[Xiangong Tang] C;College of Landscape Architecture and Art Design,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China<&wdkj&>Department of Agriculture and Economics,Changde Vocational Technical College,Changde 415000,China
关键词：
Introduction;Materials and Methods;Results;Discussion;Conclusion;Abstract;Data Availability;Additional Points;Ethical Approval;Consent;Disclosure;Conflicts of Interests;Authors’ Contributions;Funding Statement;Acknowledgements;Acknowledgments;Supplementary Materials;Reference;Dataset Description;Dataset Files;Abstract;Introduction;Introduction and Materials;Introduction and Methods;Materials;Materials and Methods;Methods;Results;Discussion;Results and Discussion;Discussion and Conclusion;Results and Conclusion;Conclusion;Conclusions;Data Availability;Additional Points;Ethical Approval;Consent;Disclosure;Conflicts of Interest;Authors’ Contributions;Funding Statement;Acknowledgements;Supplementary Materials;References;Appendix;Abbreviations;Preliminaries;Introduction and Preliminaries;Notation;Proof of Theorem;Proofs;Analysis of Results;Examples;Numerical Example;Applications;Numerical Simulation;Model;Model Formulation;Systematic Palaeontology;Nomenclatural Acts;Taxonomic Implications;Experimental;Synthesis;Overview;Characterization;Background;Experimental;Theories;Calculations;Model Verification;Model Implementation;Geographic location;Study Area;Geological setting;Data Collection;Field Testing;Data and Sampling;Dataset;Literature Review;Related Works;Related Work;System Model;Methods and Data;Experimental Results;Results and Analysis;Evaluation;Implementation;Case Presentation;Case Report;Search Terms;Case Description;Case Series;Background;Limitations;Additional Points;Case;Case 1;Case 2 etc.;Concern Details;Retraction Details;Copyright;Related Articles
通讯机构：
[Liwen Jiang] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Color is one of the important indicators affecting the quality of fermented pepper sauces, and it is closely related to carotenoid composition. This study systematically analyzed the changes in carotenoids and related physiochemical indices during the fermentation of yellow lantern pepper sauce. The CIELab color values indicated that L* and C* displayed a significant decreasing trend during fermentation. After 35 days of fermentation, the total carotenoid content significantly reduced from 3446.36 to 1556.50 μg/g DW (p < 0.05), and the degradation rate was 54.84%. Among them, the total content of carotene decreased by 56.03% during fermentation, whereas the degradation rate of xanthophylls and their esters was 44.47%. According to correlation analysis, violaxanthin myristate and lutein played a pivotal role in L*, a *, b *, chroma (C*), and yellowness index (YI). Moreover, PCA analysis indicated that lactic acid and acetic acid were the important qualities affecting the stability of pigment in fermented yellow lantern pepper sauce, which might also be the inducement of the color change. This work gives additional information concerning the discoloration of yellow lantern pepper sauce during fermentation and provides theory evidence regulating and improving the sensory qualities of yellow lantern pepper sauce.
期刊：
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS,2022年24(22):13784-13792 ISSN：1463-9076
通讯作者：
Jianfeng Tang<&wdkj&>Lei Deng
作者机构：
[Deng, Lei; Tang, Jianfeng; Zhong, Lijie; Wang, Liang; Zhang, Xingming] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yuan, Dingwang] Hunan Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Deng, Huiqiu] Hunan Univ, Sch Phys & Elect, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhong, Lijie] S;School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
摘要：
When benchmarked against the extended Pt(111), slightly weaker adsorption and stronger cohesion properties of surface Pt are required to improve activity and durability for the oxygen reduction reaction, respectively, making it challenging to meet both requirements on one surface. Here, using Pt(111) over-layers stressed and modified by Pt-TM (TM = Fe, Co, Ni, V, Cu, Ag, and Pd) intermetallics as examples, we theoretically identified ten promising catalysts by synergistically tailoring the skin thickness and substrate chemical ordering to simultaneously achieve weak adsorption and strong cohesion. More specifically, compared with Pt(111), all candidates exhibit 10-fold enhanced activity, half of which show improved durability, such as mono-layer skin on L1(2)-Pt(3)Co or Pt(3)Fe, double-layer Pt on L1(3)-Pt(3)Ni or Pt(3)Cu, and triple-layer skin on L1(1)-PtCu, while double- or triple-layer skin on L1(0)-PtCo or PtNi and double-layer skin on L1(2)-PtFe(3) show slightly poor durability. Although L1(0) and L1(2) based nanocrystals have been demonstrated extensively as outstanding catalysts, L1(1) and L1(3) ones hold great application potential. The coexistence of high activity and durability on the same surface is because of the different responses of surface adsorption and cohesion properties to the strain effects and ligand effects. When intermetallic-core@Pt-shell nanocrystals are constructed using this slab model, the necessity of protecting or eliminating low-coordinated Pt and the possibility of maximizing Pt(111) facets and core ordering by morphology engineering were highlighted. The current discovery provides a new paradigm toward the rational design of promising cathodic catalysts.
期刊：
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2022年19(5) ISSN：1661-7827
通讯作者：
Jiang, T.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Xinyu; Zhu, Zhiqiang; He, Shuli; Ren, Xiaolu; Tao, Huilin] Shangrao Normal Univ, Sch Chem & Environm Sci, Shangrao 334001, Peoples R China.;[Yuan, Limin; Xie, Wenlian; Li, Lihong] Shanghai Univ Engn Sci, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Shanghai 200335, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Xinyu; Zhu, Zhiqiang; He, Shuli; Ren, Xiaolu; Tao, Huilin] Jiangxi Modern Polytech Coll, Sch Environm & Energy, Nanchang 330095, Jiangxi, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Tao] Hunan Agr Univ, Natl & Prov Union Engn Res Ctr Vet Herbal Med Res, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
National and Provincial Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
The genus Capsicum has the unique character of pungency due to the biosynthesis of capsaicinoids that is the major reason for the domestication of different Capsicum spp. in several parts of the world. Chilli is considered excellent condiment for human health. It was observed that the concentration of biochemical content may vary in different genotypes originated from diverse agro-ecological zones. In current study 78 genotypes of Capsicum frutescens were collected from different research centers and capsicum producing areas of the country. Biochemical parameters such as Post-harvest water loss, Total carotenoids content, Total phenolics content, Capsaicin content, Antioxidant Activity, Vitamin C content, Total acidity, Total flavonoids content and Total soluble solids were estimated from ripen fruits of selected chilli germplasm. The aim of the current study was to assess the best genotypes with maximum desired bioactive compounds to expedite the chilli breeding programs. The results indicated that significant variation existed in available chilli germplasm as maximum Post-harvest water loss was observed in genotypes AZRI-Selection-03-03B (77.13 +/- 0.65 %), Total carotenoids content was recorded in genotype IHS-74 (136.45 +/- 2.50 mg/g DW), Total phenolics content was calculated in Hot Pepper Sky Red (76.95 +/- 0.07 mg/100 g of GAE), Capsaicin content in genotypes AZRI-Selection-05-C-01B (543.69 +/- 1.41 mu gig DW), Antioxidant Activity was calculated in genotypes AZRI-Selection-01-B2 (61.23 +/- 0.14 %), Vitamin C content was estimated in genotypes HHP-082B (239.39 +/- 6.27 mg /100 g), Total acidity was assessed in Hot Red (0.48 +/- 0.005 %) , Total flavonoids content were recorded in genotype Hot Pepper Sky Red (35.26 +/- 1.21 mg/g) and Total soluble solids was observed in genotypes 33828 (7.56 +/- 0.104 degrees Brix). PCA analysis indicated that (53.31%) variability among different biochemical attributes in available germplasm of Capsicum frutescens. The genus Capsicum has the unique character of pungency due to the biosynthesis of capsaicinoids that is the major reason for the domestication of different Capsicum spp. in several parts of the world. Chilli is considered excellent condiment for human health. It was observed that the concentration of biochemical content may vary in different genotypes originated from diverse agro-ecological zones. In current study 78 genotypes of Capsicum frutescens were collected from different research centers and capsicum producing areas of the country. Biochemical parameters such as Post-harvest water loss, Total carotenoids content, Total phenolics content, Capsaicin content, Antioxidant Activity, Vitamin C content, Total acidity, Total flavonoids content and Total soluble solids were estimated from ripen fruits of selected chilli germplasm. The aim of the current study was to assess the best genotypes with maximum desired bioactive compounds to expedite the chilli breeding programs. The results indicated that significant variation existed in available chilli germplasm as maximum Post-harvest water loss was observed in genotypes AZRI-Selection-03-03B (77.13 +/- 0.65 %), Total carotenoids content was recorded in genotype IHS-74 (136.45 +/- 2.50 mg/g DW), Total phenolics content was calculated in Hot Pepper Sky Red (76.95 +/- 0.07 mg/100 g of GAE), Capsaicin content in genotypes AZRI-Selection-05-C-01B (543.69 +/- 1.41 mu g/g DW), Antioxidant Activity was calculated in genotypes AZRI-Selection-01-B2 (61.23 +/- 0.14 %), Vitamin C content was estimated in genotypes HHP-082B (239.39 +/- 6.27 mg /100 g), Total acidity was assessed in Hot Red (0.48 +/- 0.005 %) , Total flavonoids content were recorded in genotype Hot Pepper Sky Red (35.26 +/- 1.21 mg/g) and Total soluble solids was observed in genotypes 33828 (7.56 +/- 0.104 degrees Brix). PCA analysis indicated that (53.31%) variability among different biochemical attributes in available germplasm of Capsicum frutescens.
通讯机构：
[Aibing Wang; Yi Yang] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>PCB Biotechnology LLC., Rockville, MD 20852, USA
摘要：
Abstract: Simple Summary In this study, we aimed to establish a visual, rapid, low-cost, sensitive, specific, and portable nucleic acid detection method for PCV2 through coupling LAMP with CRISPR/Cas12a. All the results of LAMP-CRISPR detection, including a low detectable limit of 1 copy/μL, no cross-reaction with main porcine DNA or RNA viruses, and a 100% coincidence rate with qPCR detection, demonstrated that this method was reliable. It has laid the foundation for developing a PCV2 detection kit based on this LAMP-CRISPR method. Abstract Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is the main pathogen of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), which can cause considerable economic loss to the pig industry. The diagnosis of PCVAD is complicated and requires a series of clinical, pathological, and virological methods. Therefore, a rapid, highly sensitive, on-site, and visual diagnostic approach would facilitate dealing with the spread of PCV2. In this study, we intended to establish a new and effective PCV2 detection method through combining the no specific equipment requirement advantage of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with the property of clustered regular interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12a system possessing the huLbCas12a collateral cleavage activity able to cleave single-stranded DNA fluorophore quencher probe sensor (designed as LAPM-CRISPR). Following a series of optimizations of its reaction conditions, this LAMP-CRISPR-based PCV2 detection could be conducted in constant temperature equipment, with the result reflected in a direct visual readout way. This established PCV2 detection approach presented fine sensitivity, rapidity, specificity, and reliability, as demonstrated by a low detectable limit of 1 copy/μL, completed within an hour, no cross-reaction with main porcine DNA or RNA viruses like PCV1, PCV3, and PEDV, and a 100% coincidence rate with that of the quantitative PCR (qPCR) method in the evaluation of 30 clinical blood samples, respectively. Therefore, this novel method makes rapid, on-site, visual, highly sensitive, and specific detection of PCV2 possible, facilitating the prevention of this pathogen in the field. Keywords: porcine circovirus 2; CRISPR/Cas12a; crRNA; LAMP; visual detection; qPCR
摘要：
Pseudorabies, caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV), is the main highly infectious disease that severely affects the pig industry globally. T-2 toxin (T2), a significant mycotoxin, is widely spread in food and feeds and shows high toxicity to mammals. The potential mechanism of the interaction between viruses and toxins is of great research value because revealing this mechanism may provide new ideas for their joint prevention and control. In this study, we investigated the effect of T2 on PRV replication and the mechanism of action. The results showed that at a low dose (10 nM), T2 had no significant effect on porcine kidney 15 (PK15) cell viability. However, this T2 concentration alleviated PRV-induced cell injury and increased cell survival time. Additionally, the number of PK15 cells infected with PRV significantly reduced by T2 treatment. Similarly, T2 significantly decreased the copy number of PRV. Investigation of the mechanism revealed that 10 nM T2 significantly inhibits PRV replication and leads to downregulation of oxidative stress- and apoptosis-related genes. These results suggest that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in the inhibition of PRV replication in PK15 cells by low-concentration T2. Taken together, we demonstrated the protective effects of T2 against PRV infection. A low T2 concentration inhibited the replication of PRV in PK15 cells, and this process was accompanied by downregulation of the oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling pathways. Our findings partly explain the interaction mechanism between T2 and PRV, relating to oxidative stress and apoptosis, though further research is required.
摘要：
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is considered as an emerging zoonotic pathogen since its isolation from a human case. Meanwhile, the disease caused by PRV infection has led huge economic losses to Chinese pig industry since 2011. In this study, we constructed a recombinant PRV stably expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) by homologous recombination technology for evaluating its susceptibility to different human cell lines and screening antiviral compounds. Stably expressed EGFP by this designed rPRVHuN-EGFP virus was confirmed in the infected cells, moreover, the growth kinetics of which was similar to that of wild type strain. Importantly, the application of this rPRV allowed us to easily verify its infectivity in all tested human cell lines, although the infection efficiencies were lower than that in PK15 cells. Meanwhile, the antiviral activities of harmine and PHA767491 were also conveniently validated in vitro, as directly reflected by the reduced EGFP signals. These results demonstrate that this recombinant PRV virus should be a useful tool for basic virology researches and antiviral agent screening.
通讯机构：
[Qing, ZX; Zeng, JG] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Key Lab Tradit Chinese Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Gut microbiota;Composition;Growth performance;Broilers;Fermented traditional Chinese medicine
摘要：
For a long time, phytogenic resources have been widely used as substitutes for antibiotics in livestock production. However, few studies have examined the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and fermented herbal medicines. Here, 252 Arbor Acres broiler plus broiler chickens were randomly assigned to a control group, which was fed a basal diet; an unfermented healthy chicken powder group (JJS) fed a basal diet containing 20 g/kg JJS; or one of 5 fermented JJS groups, which were fed a basal diet containing 20 g/kg JJS, fermented with by 5 different bacterial strains for 42 days. The growth performances of the different groups were measured and the changes in the intestinal microbiota were analyzed. The body weight gain in the Bacillus subtilis group (Bs) was the highest among the 6 groups, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was best with Z. rouxii fermentation. The result indicated that products of JJS fermentation products of JJS by B. subtilis and Z. rouxii had important effects on chicken growth performance. The foregut and hindgut microbial communities of Bs, Zr, the control group and the JJS group, were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that JJS and its fermentation products mainly acted on the foregut and had little effect on the hindgut, and Z. rouxii fermentation products can increased the diversity in the foregut microbial community. In addition, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in the foregut of the Z. rouxii group was significantly increased, which may be an important factor in promoting growth.
摘要：
In this study, the LED array system (UV and visible light) was established, and the theoretical light distribution of the reactor was simulated in MATLAB. The light field of the conventional light source is more uniform than that of the LED array, and the light field uniformity of the LED array can optimize by increasing the number of LED. Various combinations of light sources and catalysts were subjected to batch experiments in laboratory-scale reactors. All experiments are consistent with the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, where k(UV-LEDsarray[P25-Sulfamethazine])=0.0018 min(-1) and k(Blue-LEDsarray[Ag3PO4-Tetracycline])=0.0077 min(-1). In comparison experiments, conventional light sources exhibited faster dynamics compared to LED array light sources, where k(Mercurylamp[P25-Sulfamethazine])=0.0209 min(-1) and k(Xenonlamp[Ag3PO4-Tetracycline])=0.0221 min(-1). Besides, all experiments are analyzed for electric energy per order (E-EO). Specifically, the E-EO value of the xenon lamp is 121 times that of the blue-LEDs array when the tetracycline concentration is 50 mg/L. The UV-vis of the catalyst is also coupled with the emission spectrum of the light source to evaluate the figures-of-merit of the system. The figures-of-merit ratio of the mercury lamp to the UV-LEDs array is 58.4, and the figures-of-merit ratio of the xenon lamp to the blue-LEDs array is 69.8. The obtained model can be applied to different reactors. This work demonstrates that the photocatalytic system driven by the LED array is superior to the conventional light source system regarding photon utilization rate and sustainability. (C) 2021 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the most important aquatic pathogens causing huge economic losses to aquaculture. Linalool, a vital ingredient of a variety of essential oils, was proved as a good antimicrobial agent in our previous studies. However, the low solubility and volatility of Linalool obstruct its application in the field of aquatic drugs. Thus, in this study, Linalool nano-emulsion (LN) was prepared to solve these obstructions. We investigated the physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity, and mode of action of LN against A. hydrophila. LN with different medium chain triglycerides (MCT) concentrations were prepared by ultrasonic method. The results showed that the emulsion droplet size of LN was the smallest when MCT was not added to the formulation. Nano-emulsions are usually less than 500 nm in diameter. In our study, LN in this formulation were spherical droplet with a diameter of 126.57 & PLUSMN; 0.85 nm and showed good stability. LN showed strong antibacterial activity, the MIC and MBC values were 0.3125% v/v and 0.625% v/v, respectively. The bacterial population decreased substantially at 1 x MIC of LN. LN exhibited disruptive effect on cell membranes by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The present study provided a formulation of Linalool nano-emulsion preparation. Moreover, the good antibacterial activity of LN showed in our study will promote the application of Linalool for the control and prevention of A. hydrophila in aquaculture.</p>
通讯机构：
[Zhonghua Liu; Sheng Zhang] K;Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
关键词：
black tea;theaflavin;skeletal muscle;glucose absorption;type 2 diabetes;mitochondrial abundance
摘要：
Drinking tea has been proven to have a positive biological effect in regulating human glucose and lipid metabolism and preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Skeletal muscle (SkM) is responsible for 70% of the sugar metabolism in the human body, and its dysfunction is an important factor leading to the development of obesity, T2D, and muscle diseases. As one of the four known theaflavins (TFs) in black tea, the biological role of theaflavin (TF1) in regulating SkM metabolism has not been reported. In this study, mature myotubes induced by C2C12 cells in vitro were used as models. The results showed that TF1 (20 μM) promoted mitochondrial abundance and glucose absorption in myotubes by activating the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling axis via Ca(2+) influx. Moreover, it promoted the expression of slow muscle fiber marker genes (Myh7, Myl2, Tnnt1, and Tnnc1) and PGC-1α/SIRT1, as well as enhanced the oxidative phosphorylation capacity of myotubes. In conclusion, this study preliminarily clarified the potential role of TF1 in regulating SkM glucose absorption as well as promoting SkM mitochondrial biosynthesis and slow muscle fiber formation. It has potential research and application values for the prevention/alleviation of SkM-related T2D and Ca(2+)-related skeletal muscle diseases through diet.
摘要：
The traditional high-salinity organic wastewater treatment process is cumbersome and costly, and involves an independent process for removing pollutants and salinity. A flow-through coupled system of electro-Fenton and electrosorption processes was designed in this work. The simultaneous purification and desalination of high concentration wastewater were effectively achieved through the cooperation of various electrochemical reactions, which avoids the complex processes of desalination and dilution in advance when treating high-salinity organic wastewater, and the removal performance was improved. The influence of key parameters, including voltage, initial pH, plate spacing, H2O2 concentration, and flow rate, were systematically investigated. The findings show that actual wastewater passing through the coupled system promptly turns to clean water with significantly decreased COD, TN, and salinity, with removal efficiencies reaching 96.5%, 98.2%, and 46.2%, respectively, under the optimal conditions (voltage intensity 1.5 V, initial pH 4, plate spacing 1 cm, flow rate 40 mL/min, H2O2 concentration 50 mM). The reaction mechanism study suggested that both the Fenton reaction, direct electron transfer, and indirect oxidation by active chlorine contributed to the removal of COD and TN, while the decrease in salinity mainly occurred in the process of electrosorption. Moreover, the regeneration of the ACF and the operational stability of the coupled system were good after five cycles. The economic analysis indicated that the cost of the flow-through coupled system was only $1.18/m3, which has important benefits.
