关键词：
Phase retrieval;Phase measurement;Dual frequency fringe projection
摘要：
The dual frequency grating projection based on structured light is very important in the phase retrieval for the fusing of the advantages of dual frequency grating, it must satisfy a basic condition to better obtain the phase information. Firstly, the relationship between phase information and height information of object measured is given, and the basic principle of phase retrieval based on dual frequency grating projection is analyzed in detailed. Secondly, the corresponding phase retrieval condition is proposed, that is to say, the high frequency must be at least twice as large as the low frequency to satisfy the spectra separation between the two frequencies, the maximal allowable phase error of low frequency unwrapped phase must be less than pi /2. Finally, to demonstrate the validity and correctness of the proposed basic principle, both of simulation and experiment are carried out, the expected results are obtained, when the phase recovery condition is satisfied, the phase errors are smaller, and vice versa.
摘要：
The aim is to optimize the dimethylacetamide (DMA) straw freezing technology of Black silkies rooster semen through the handy patent equipment, screening the formula of freezing basic extender and optimizing the DMA addition method, and then by comparing the fertility of DMA straw frozen semen with the pellet frozen semen. After the DMA straw freezing technology is optimized, it is extended to the Youxian Partridge drake semen. The result showed that the frozen sperm motility of Lake and Ravie (LR) group is 64%, the fertility 49.57% and the hatchability 91.52%, all of which are superior to those of FEB, Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (BPSE) and Lake (P < 0.05). The sperm motility of adding DMA stock solution is 59%, which is superior to adding DMA directly into diluted semen (P > 0.05). The fertility and hatchability of DMA straw group are 77.61% and 92.30%, respectively, and it is significantly higher than those in the pellet group (P < 0.01; P < 0.05). The fresh drake sperm motility of induction collection method is 71%, the massage collection method 61% and the frozen drake sperm motility of induction 33% while the massage 19%. The fertility of frozen drake semen group is 85.93%, while that of the fresh semen group is 88.17%. The frozen drake semen fertility of the highest batch is 93.8%. In conclusion, the world's advanced fertility of frozen semen can be obtained both in the chicken and drake through the optimized DMA straw freezing technology and the method of screening freeze-resistant individuals.
摘要：
The abuse of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in feed has led to drug resistance and ecological damage would threaten human health eventually. Natural plants have become a hotspot in the research and application of substituting AGPs because of their advantages of safety, efficiency, and availability. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) in the diet of Xuefeng black-bone chicken on laying performance, egg quality, and serum indices. In this study, 576 birds (47-week-old) were evenly distributed between 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 24 hens each. The control group was fed a basal diet without MCE and the remaining groups received 100, 150, or 200 mg/kg MCE for 84 d. Results revealed that the strength and thickness of the eggshell increased significantly with the dietary addition of MCE (P < 0.05). The serum concentrations of glutathione peroxidase increased in the MCE groups (P < 0.01). Simultaneously, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol as well as serum luteinizing hormone levels also increased with the addition of MCE (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, supplementation of MCE significantly decreased the tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels (P < 0.01). In summary, it was concluded that diet addition of 200 mg/kg MCE ameliorated egg quality, enhanced antioxidation and immune activity, and regulated hormone secretion of Xuefeng black-bone chicken.
摘要：
The objective of this study was to determine the ileal digestible energy (IDE), ME, and MEn of rice, broken rice, and rice bran. The birds were fed a standard starter diet from day 0 to 14 and experimental diets from day 15 to 21 after hatching. A total of 336 birds were grouped by BW and assigned to 7 diets, each diet comprised 8 replicates with 6 birds per replicate. The diets comprised a reference diet (RD) and 6 test diets (TD). The TD contained 2 levels of rice, broken rice or rice bran that partly replaced the energy sources in the RD at 120 or 240 g/kg (rice and broken rice) or 150 or 300 g/kg (rice bran). Addition of rice or broken rice to RD linearly increased (P < 0.01) ileal digestibility of DM, energy, as well as total tract metabolizability of DM, energy, and N-corrected energy in the TD. The inclusion of rice bran in the TD linearly decreased (P < 0.01) energy digestibility and utilization in the test diet. Regressions of rice-associated, broken rice-associated, or rice bran-associated IDE, ME, or MEn intake in kcal against rice, broken rice, or rice bran intake were as follows: IDE = Y = 2 (6) + 3,185 (73) x Rice 1 3,199 (72) x Broken Rice + 2,562 (61) x Rice Bran, r2 = 0.98; ME = Y = 8 (6) + 3,103 (72) x Rice 1 3,190 (71) x Broken Rice 1 2,709 (60) x Rice Bran, r2 = 0.98; MEn = Y = 4 (5) + 3,014 (68) x Rice 1 3,092 (101) x Broken Rice + 2,624 (57) x Rice Bran, r2 = 0.98; Based on the regression equations, the IDE, ME, MEn values (kcal/kg of DM) of rice were 3,185, 3,103 and 3,014, respectively, while for broken rice, the values were 3,199, 3,190, and 3,092 and for rice bran, the values were 2,562, 2,709, and 2,624, respectively.
作者机构：
[Li, Chuang; Jiang, Guitao; Zhang, Xu; Dai, Qiuzhong; Liu, Yang; Huang, Xuan] Hunan Inst Anim & Vet Sci, Changsha 410131, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Yang; Huang, Xingguo] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Lin, Qian] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Bast Fiber Crops, Changsha 410205, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Shengli] Shandong Lonct Enzymes Co Ltd, Linyi 276000, Shandong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
duck;lipopolysaccharide;intestinal condition
摘要：
The present study investigated the dosage and replication effects of lipopolysaccharide challenges on the serum oxidative and immune status, and the intestinal morphology and permeability of Linwu ducks at the growing stage. A total of 500 54-day-old Linwu ducks were randomly assigned into 10 treatments, which included a factorial arrangement of 2 levels of LPS challenge replications (1 and 2 times) x 5 levels of lipopolysaccharide challenging dosages (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg). Each treatment consisted of 5 cages and 10 ducks per cage. The results showed significant replication effects of LPS on the body weight gain of ducks, that 2 replicates of LPS challenges significantly decreased the body weight gain than one challenge (P = 0.036). Regarding to the serum oxidative and immune status, dosage effects of lipopolysaccharide were found on the serum levels of superoxide dismutase (P = 0.034) and immunoglobulin A (P = 0.007), that 0.4 mg/kg lipopolysaccharides significantly increased the levels of these 2 parameters. Additionally, replication effects were found in the serum levels of interlukin 1 beta, that 2 replicates of LPS challenges significantly increased the interlukin 1b levels comparing to one challenge (P = 0.010). Regarding to the intestinal conditions, dosage effects of lipopolysaccharides were found on the ratio of villus height and crypt depth (P = 0.005) in duodenum, and the wall thickness of duodenum (P = 0.010) and jejunum (P = 0.001), that lipopolysaccharides at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.8 mg/kg significantly deteriorated the intestinal morphologies, especially in the duodenum and jejunum. Moreover, the dosage effects of lipopolysaccharides and the interactions of dosages and replications significantly influenced the permeabilities of the intestinal segments (P < 0.05). It appeared that 2 replicates of lipopolysaccharides at the dosage at 0.4 mg/kg could trigger oxidative and immunological stress, and damage the intestinal morphology and permeability of Linwu ducks at the growing stage.
摘要：
EGCG, as a dietary-derived antioxidant, has been extensively studied for its beneficial health effects. Nevertheless, it induces the transient increase in ROS and leads to the hormetic extension of lifespan. How exactly biology-benefiting effects with the minimum severe adverse are realized remains unclear. Here, we showed that physiological dose of EGCG could help moderate remission in health side effects exposed to high doses, including shortened lifespan, reduced body size, decreased pharyngeal pumping rate, and dysfunctional body movement in C. elegans. Furthermore, we found this result was caused by the physiological dose of EGCG to block the continued ROS accumulation and triggered acclimation responses after stressor removal. Also, in this process, we observed that EGCG downregulated the key redox protein MEMO-1 to activate the feedback loop of NADPH oxidase-mediated redox signaling. Our data indicates that the feedback signal induced by NADPH oxidase may contribute to the health-protective mechanism of dietary polyphenols in vivo.
摘要：
With the increase of consumer demand for high-quality animal protein, it becomes imperative to improve meat quality through nutritional strategy. Resveratrol is a plant polyphenol that exists in grapes and grape products, and it has been considered as a potential functional feed additive. Here, we aimed to explore the optimal dose of resveratrol in Pekin ducks' diet and its effect on improving meat quality. A total of 432 male Pekin ducks (1-day-old) were selected and randomly allotted to 4 treatment groups, with each group containing 6 replicates. Four different levels of resveratrol were evaluated (0, 150, 300, and 450mg/kg) for 42d. The carcass traits, meat quality, and muscle fiber characteristics of Pekin ducks were investigated. Results showed that a∗(24h), b∗(24h), intramuscular fat, crude protein, total flavor amino acid content of duck breast muscle, and a∗(45min) of duck leg muscle were increased (P<0.05) by resveratrol. Resveratrol also reduced abdominal fat deposition, shear force, L∗(45min) of breast muscle and drip loss, shear force, and L∗(45min) of leg muscle. In addition, the breast muscle fibers of resveratrol-fed ducks had lower diameter and cross-sectional area and higher density (P<0.05). Overall, we conclude that dietary resveratrol supplement can effectively improve Pekin duck meat quality, the optimal additional range in diet being 300 to 450mg/kg. Its underlying mechanism might be partly through stimulation of intramuscular fat and flavor amino deposition and alteration of muscle fiber characteristics.
摘要：
As a synthetic macroporous polymer adsorbent, resin can selectively adsorb the target components in water and nonwater systems through electrostatic force, hydrogen bond, and complexation to achieve the separation and purification of substances. Moreover, it is easy to regenerate and can be repeatedly used. Macroporous resins exhibit high adsorption capacity toward organic molecules and have been widely used in the separation and purification of bioactive substances. Polyphenols obtained from areca seed extracts exhibit high antioxidant properties. Herein, the ability of AB-8, NKA-9, A-8, X-5, and XAD-75 macroporous resins to purify polyphenols obtained from betel nut seeds was evaluated and compared. The adsorption mechanism was described using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations, and the purification parameters were optimized using adsorption–desorption experiments. To determine the purity of each component, the polyphenol content in the five macroporous resins was analyzed. Results show that the initial concentration of polyphenols was 3.0 mg/mL, pH was 3.0, the concentration of ethanol desorption solution was 50% (V/V), and the flow rate of elution was 2 mg/mL after purification using XAD-7. The purified products obtained using XAD-7 exhibited a stronger antioxidant activity than those obtained using the other four macroporous resins.
摘要：
(-)-Epicatechin (EC) is a flavanol easily obtained through the diet and is present in tea, cocoa, vegetables, fruits, and cereals. Recent studies have shown that EC protects human health and exhibits prominent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, enhances muscle performance, improves symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, prevents diabetes, and protects the nervous system. With the development of modern medical and biotechnology research, the mechanisms of action associated with EC toward various chronic diseases are becoming more apparent, and the pharmacological development and utilization of EC has been increasingly clarified. Currently, there is no comprehensive systematic introduction to the effects of EC and its mechanisms of action. This review presents the latest research progress and the role of EC in the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases and its protective health effects and provides a theoretical basis for future research on EC.
通讯机构：
[Zhonghua Liu; Sheng Zhang] K;Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
关键词：
black tea;theaflavin;skeletal muscle;glucose absorption;type 2 diabetes;mitochondrial abundance
摘要：
Drinking tea has been proven to have a positive biological effect in regulating human glucose and lipid metabolism and preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Skeletal muscle (SkM) is responsible for 70% of the sugar metabolism in the human body, and its dysfunction is an important factor leading to the development of obesity, T2D, and muscle diseases. As one of the four known theaflavins (TFs) in black tea, the biological role of theaflavin (TF1) in regulating SkM metabolism has not been reported. In this study, mature myotubes induced by C2C12 cells in vitro were used as models. The results showed that TF1 (20 μM) promoted mitochondrial abundance and glucose absorption in myotubes by activating the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling axis via Ca(2+) influx. Moreover, it promoted the expression of slow muscle fiber marker genes (Myh7, Myl2, Tnnt1, and Tnnc1) and PGC-1α/SIRT1, as well as enhanced the oxidative phosphorylation capacity of myotubes. In conclusion, this study preliminarily clarified the potential role of TF1 in regulating SkM glucose absorption as well as promoting SkM mitochondrial biosynthesis and slow muscle fiber formation. It has potential research and application values for the prevention/alleviation of SkM-related T2D and Ca(2+)-related skeletal muscle diseases through diet.
作者机构：
[Chen, Liang; Xie, Yan; Feng, Qijia; Wassie, Misganaw; Amee, Maurice] Chinese Acad Sci, Innovat Acad Seed Design, CAS Key Lab Plant Germplasm Enhancement & Special, Wuhan Bot Garden, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Liang; Xie, Yan] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Econ Bot, Core Bot Gardens, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.;[Bu, Heshen; Hu, Longxing] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Dept Pratacultural Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Feng, Qijia; Wassie, Misganaw; Amee, Maurice] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Ying] Chinese Acad Sci, Publ Lab Platform, Wuhan Bot Garden, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Longxing Hu] D;[Liang Chen] C;Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China<&wdkj&>CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China<&wdkj&>Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
关键词：
Heavy metal pollution;Soil microbial communities;Penicillium janthinellum ZZ-2;Bermudagrass;Plant growth promotion
通讯机构：
[Yanhong Wang] S;State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Acid rain (AR) is an increasingly serious environmental problem that frequently occurs in Southern China with sulfuric acid rain (SAR) as the main type. SAR can negatively affect the growth and physiological properties of trees, but mycorrhizal associations may mitigate such detrimental effects. However, the mechanisms by which arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi control SAR-induced impacts on Torreya grandis plants remain unclear. A pot experiment was conducted on T. grandis seedlings, an economically important tree species in Southern China, in which inoculated and non-inoculated T. grandis seedlings were subjected to three simulated SAR regimes (pH of 5.6, 4.0, and 2.5, respectively) to examine the effects on the growth, osmotic regulation, and nutrient absorption of these seedlings. The results show that, although SAR had no effect on the accumulation of biomass, it significantly decreased the concentrations of proline and soluble protein, shoot Zn2+, P, K+, and Ca2+ concentrations, and the Fe2+ and Mn2+ concentrations of shoots and roots. Mycorrhizal inoculation, especially with Rhizophagus irregularis, significantly increased total biomass, proline concentration, and the Zn2+, P, and K+ concentrations in the shoots of T. grandis under lower pH conditions. Moreover, our findings suggest that the combination of root colonization, acid tolerance, and the concentrations of shoot-P, shoot-Zn2+, and root-Fe2+ of T. grandis jointly conferred mycorrhizal benefits on the plants under SAR conditions. Given the enhancement of the nutritional quality of T. grandis owing to mycorrhizal associations, inoculation with R. irregularis may be preferable for the culturing and management of these plants under acidic conditions.
摘要：
The fate and toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and ions in water bodies is largely determined by the natural organic matter (NOM)-mediated redox cycling. However, the process of NOM-mediated redox cycling in the day/night cycles remains elusive. In this study, the inter-transformation between AgNPs and Ag+ ion caused by humic acid (HA) was investigated under controlled light and dark conditions. It was shown that HA induced the reduction of Ag+ into AgNPs in simulated sunlight, and also oxidize AgNPs to release Ag+ in darkness. Kinetics data demonstrated that the rates of AgNPs formation and dissolution increased along with the increment of HA concentrations. Along with the pH increase, the reduction of Ag+ accelerated, but the oxidative dissolution of AgNPs was inhibited. In day-night cycles, the AgNPs and Ag+ concentrations exhibited similar wave-shaped change curves. The peaks of AgNPs and Ag+ ion appeared at 7 p.m. and 7 a.m., respectively. The toxicity of AgNPs/Ag+ to Escherichia coli was determined primarily by the concentration of dissolved Ag+, but also affected by the particle-specific toxicity. The dual role of HA implied that previous reports about the photo-reduction of Ag+ to AgNPs by NOM should be reconsidered, and the oxidizability of HA in darkness strongly affect the transformation and toxicity of AgNPs in water.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Exploring herbicide resistance mechanisms in weeds is regarded as an important part of designing resistance management strategies and rationalizing the use of herbicides. Beckmannia syzigachne is one of the most important agricultural weeds in China. Long-term use of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides has led to evolution of herbicide resistance in B. syzigachne. ACCase-inhibiting herbicides consist of three chemical families, including the aryloxyphenoxypropionates (APPs), cyclohexanediones (CHDs) and phenylpyraxoline (DENs). RESULTS: Based on whole-plant dose-response experiments, a B. syzigachne population (BS-R) was confirmed to be 20- and 12-fold resistant to the APP herbicides clodinafop-propargyl and quizalofop-P-ethyl; 2.2-, 2.8-, and 2.8-fold resistant to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, the CHD herbicide sethoxydim and PPZ herbicide pinoxaden, respectively, compared to the susceptible counterpart (BS-S). Resistance to clodinafop-propargyl in the BS-R population could not be reversed by the known cytochrome P450 (CYP450) inhibitor malathion and glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitor 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzoxadiazole. In addition, no difference in CYP450 and GST activity was confirmed in BS-R and BS-S population. ACCase gene sequencing revealed an Ile-2041-Val mutation in the BS-R population. A derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) marker was developed for rapid detection of the specific Ile-2041-Val mutation. Correlation quantification of resistance in homo- and hetro-resistant versus WT plants showed that the resistance to clodinafop-propargyl in this population is conferred by the Ile-2041-Val mutation. CONCLUSION: Unlike the previous reports on the unique cross-resistance pattern by the 2041 mutation, this study demonstrates that the BS-R population confers resistance to certain ACCase-inhibiting APP, CHD and PPZ herbicides in B. syzigachne. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
期刊：
Journal of Hazardous Materials,2021年418:126254 ISSN：0304-3894
通讯作者：
Tan, Xun;Chen, Yijun;Xue, Qiang
作者机构：
[Xue, Qiang; Chen, Yijun; He, Xingxing; Li, Jiangshan; Tan, Xun; Wang, Ping; Wei, MingLi; Liu, Lei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.;[Xue, Qiang; Chen, Yijun; He, Xingxing; Li, Jiangshan; Tan, Xun; Wang, Ping; Liu, Lei] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;[Xue, Qiang; Li, Jiangshan; Wang, Ping] IRSM CAS HK PolyU Joint Lab Solid Waste Sci, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Lei] Hubei Prov Key Lab Contaminated Sludge & Soil Sci, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.;[Wei, MingLi] Jiangsu Inst Ecol Soil Co Ltd, Yixing 214200, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yijun Chen; Qiang Xue] S;State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China<&wdkj&>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China<&wdkj&>IRSM-CAS/HK PolyU Joint Laboratory on Solid Waste Science, Wuhan 430071, China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China<&wdkj&>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
摘要：
Fenton oxidation can effectively improve the dewaterability of aged sludge. Quantification of the addition of optimal reagents is central to the conditioning and dewatering of aged sludge. Improving the accuracy of quantification is significant to promote cost effectiveness. The effects of reagent addition and the mechanism governing the improved filterability of the aged sludge need to be understood uniformly. In this study, the optimal reagent additions have been determined using the response surface method (RSM) for five out of the eight aged sludges that were investigated. The physicochemical characteristics of eight aged sludges, including the extracellular polymer substance, undissolved organic matter, and suspension structure network, were investigated. Meanwhile, a comprehensive correlation analysis of critical indicators was conducted to investigate the interactions among the properties of the aged sludge. The effects of these interactions on the conditioning and filtration processes were examined, and a unified understanding of the combination of factors affecting the optimal reagent addition was obtained. The key factors were aggregate size, dewatering extent, yield stress, and organic substance content. Based on these results, a new reagent addition quantification method was developed along with an empirical model of the relationship between physicochemical properties and the economically optimal reagent addition.
关键词：
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau;Streptomyces;16S rRNA;novel taxa;high-altitude area
摘要：
The soil bacterial communities have been widely investigated. However, there has been little study of the bacteria in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, especially about the culturable bacteria in highland barley cultivation soil. Here, a total of 830 individual strains were obtained at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C from a highland barley cultivation soil in Qamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, using fifteen kinds of media. Seventy-seven species were obtained, which belonged to 42 genera and four phyla; the predominant phylum was Actinobacteria (68.82%), followed by Proteobacteria (15.59%), Firmicutes (14.29%), and Bacteroidetes (1.30%). The predominant genus was Streptomyces (22.08%, 17 species), followed by Bacillus (6.49%, five species), Micromonospora (5.19%, four species), Microbacterium (5.19%, four species), and Kribbella (3.90%, three species). The most diverse isolates belonged to a high G+C Gram-positive group; in particular, the Streptomyces genus is a dominant genus in the high G+C Gram-positive group. There were 62 species and 33 genera bacteria isolated at 25 degrees C (80.52%), 23 species, and 18 genera bacteria isolated at 4 degrees C (29.87%). Meanwhile, only eight species and six genera bacteria could be isolated at 25 degrees C and 4 degrees C. Of the 77 species, six isolates related to six genera might be novel taxa. The results showed abundant bacterial species diversity in the soil sample from the Qamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region.
