摘要：
Background: Placental-like chondroitin sulfate A (pl-CSA) is exclusively expressed in cancerous and placental tissues and is highly correlated with the degree of malignancy. However, the mechanism through which pl-CSA regulates tumorigenesis and metastasis in choriocarcinoma remains unclear. Methods: Stable transfectants of the JEG3 choriocarcinoma cell line, including a negative control (NC) line and a cell line with knockout of the biosynthetic enzyme CS synthase-2 (ChSy-2) (ChSy-2(-/-)), were obtained using CRISPR/Cas9 systems and identified by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation of the cells were determined by a cell counting kit, scratch-wound assays, transwell assays and soft agar colony formation assays in vitro, respectively. The tumorigenesis and metastasis of choriocarcinoma were also investigated through two xenograft models in vivo. Results: The ChSy-2 protein in the ChSy-2(-/-)group was below the detection threshold, which was accompanied a significant reduction in the pl-CSA level. Reducing pl-CSA through ChSy-2 knockout significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation in vitro and tumorigenesis and metastasis of choriocarcinoma, with deceases in tumor volume and metastatic foci and a high percent survival compared to the NC in vivo. Conclusion: pl-CSA, as a necessary component of JEG-3 cells, was efficiently reduced through ChSy-2 knockout, which significantly inhibited the tumorigenesis and metastasis of choriocarcinoma. ChSy-2/pl-CSA could be alternative targets for tumor therapy.
摘要：
During tea cultivation, diverse agroforestry is an important and established intercropping measure, with most studies concentrating on ecological service provision and economic returns. However, the response of soil nutrients and microbial community structures in long-term tea plantations with diverse agroforestry intercropping systems is poorly understood. In the present field study (2015), three intercropping agroforestry-tea patterns (Osmanthus-Tea (OT), Michelia-Tea (MT), Osmanthus-Michelia-Tea (OMT)) along with a study control (C) were examined in terms of these two knowledge gaps. Results showed that, in terms of tea cultivation, the OMT system is more suitable than the OT and MT systems. The OMT system significantly increased the total nitrogen (TN, 16.4%), total potassium (TK, 10.5%), available nitrogen (AN, 14.2%), available phosphorus (AP, 26.7%) and soil organic matter (SOM, 28.9%). The OMT system increased phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes abundance by 35.8% and 9.6%. In addition, the OMT system enhanced the abundance of class Bacteroidia (99.5%), Erysipelotrichia (96.9%), Clostridia (93.5%) and Actinobacteria (19.6%), respectively. In general, the phylum bacteria Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria accounted for the largest proportion of bacteria in all three intercropping systems. In this study, the abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were positively correlated with AN, SOM and TP. The results of the present study will help to develop a better understanding of the benefits imposed by different agroforestry intercropping systems on nutrient dynamics and microbial structural diversity during tea cultivation.
摘要：
Camelina sativa is a promising oilseed and industrial crop that benefits sustainable food, feed and fuel industries. Early flowering is critical for local adaptation as well as maximizing yield in Camelina sativa. Even though the preliminary data indicated wide variation in flowering time in the spring camelina germplasm, our understanding of underlying genes and their roles in regulating flower development is still limited. The current study combined genotypic data and flowering time from the spring panel, followed by genome-wide association study (GWAS) and whole-genome prediction to identify significant trait-associated markers and evaluate the predictive capability of the entire marker set. The analysis of phenotypic data showed significant genotypic and environmental effects on flowering time. A high heritability of 0.893 in flowering time suggests effectiveness of breeding early flowering camelina varieties. The GWAS analysis identified 20 significant trait-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that colocalized within/or near a variety of transcription factors (e.g. SUPPRESSOR of PHYA-1/SPA1, BES1-INTERACTING MYC-LIKE 1/BIM1) or protein families containing specific functional domains (e.g. CCCH zinc finger protein family and B3-DNA binding domain containing protein family). These transcription factors were known to interact with key regulatory genes in the four major pathways (i.e. photoperiod, autonomous, vernalization and gibberellic acid pathways) to cooperatively regulate floral transition in arabidopsis. Whole-genome prediction showed a low-to-moderate predictive ability (0.559) to improve early flowering trait in camelina. This study is the first step for future in-depth exploration and genetic improvements of flower development and timing in camelina for breeding.
摘要：
In this study, the role of exogenous root exudates and microorganisms was investigated in the application of modified nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) for the remediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil. In this experiment, citric acid (CA) was used to simulate root exudates, which were then added to water and soil to simulate the pore water and rhizosphere environment. In detail, the experiment in water demonstrated that low concentration of CA facilitated Cd removal by nZVI, while the high concentration achieved the opposite. Among them, CA can promote the adsorption of Cd not only by direct complexation with heavy metal ions, but also by indirect effect to promote the production of iron hydroxyl oxides which has excellent heavy metal adsorption properties. Additionally, the H(+) dissociated from CA posed a great influence on Cd removal. The situation in soil was similar to that in water, where low concentrations of CA contributed to the immobilization of Cd by nZVI, while high concentrations promoted the desorption of Cd and the generation of CA-Cd complexes which facilitated the uptake of Cd by plants. As the reaction progressed, the soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased, while organic matter (OM) decreased. Meanwhile, the soil microbial community structure and diversity were investigated by high-throughput sequencing after incubation with CA and nZVI. It was found that a high concentration of CA was not conducive to the growth of microorganisms, while CMC had the effect of alleviating the biological toxicity of nZVI.
作者机构：
[Chen, Liang; Xie, Yan; Feng, Qijia; Wassie, Misganaw; Amee, Maurice] Chinese Acad Sci, Innovat Acad Seed Design, CAS Key Lab Plant Germplasm Enhancement & Special, Wuhan Bot Garden, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Liang; Xie, Yan] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Econ Bot, Core Bot Gardens, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.;[Bu, Heshen; Hu, Longxing] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Dept Pratacultural Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Feng, Qijia; Wassie, Misganaw; Amee, Maurice] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Ying] Chinese Acad Sci, Publ Lab Platform, Wuhan Bot Garden, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Longxing Hu] D;[Liang Chen] C;Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China<&wdkj&>CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China<&wdkj&>Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
关键词：
Heavy metal pollution;Soil microbial communities;Penicillium janthinellum ZZ-2;Bermudagrass;Plant growth promotion
作者：
Ji, Zhengyu;Huang, Yin;Feng, Yao;Johansen, Anders;Xue, Jianming;...
期刊：
Science of The Total Environment,2021年788:147784 ISSN：0048-9697
通讯作者：
Zhaojun Li
作者机构：
[Huang, Yin; Feng, Yao; Ji, Zhengyu; Li, Zhaojun] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, Key Lab Plant Nutr & Fertilizer, Minist Agr,China New Zealand Joint Lab Soil Mol E, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Yin] Hunan Agr Univ, China Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Johansen, Anders] Aarhus Univ, Fac Tech Sci, Dept Environm Sci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.;[Xue, Jianming] Scion, Private Bag 29237, Christchurch, New Zealand.;[Tremblay, Louis A.] Cawthron Inst, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand.
通讯机构：
[Zhaojun Li] K;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory for soil Molecular Ecology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
摘要：
In laboratory studies, microplastics and/or nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) have been shown to cause a variety of ecotoxicological effects on soil invertebrates. Existing data on the effects of these plastic debris on biological functions and physiological systems, showed a great variability among studies. Thus, how soil invertebrates respond to different types, shapes, sizes and concentrations of pristine MPs/NPs remains to be further characterized. The present work is an up-to-date review on quantitative and qualitative data on the effects of pristine MPs/NPs on soil invertebrates in laboratory conditions. Research priorities are also discussed. Out of a total of 1061 biological endpoints investigated in 56 studies, 49% were significantly affected after exposed to pristine MPs/NPs. The polymers with chloro and phenyl groups had more negative impacts on soil invertebrates than other polymers. Most studies used earthworm and nematode species as model organisms. For nematodes, the impact of MPs/NPs seemed to be concentration-dependent and higher concentrations of pristine MPs/NPs appeared to have more adverse impacts on biological functions and physiological systems, but this trend was not confirmed in earthworms. Meta-analysis revealed that pristine MP/NP concentrations higher than 1 g kg(-1) (in soil) may decrease growth and survival of earthworms, while a concentration higher than 1 mu g L-1 (in water) may affect nematode reproductive fitness. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
通讯机构：
[Fengna Li] K;Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock and Poultry, and Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
关键词：
Mulberry;Xiangcun black pig;Antioxidative capacity;Fatty acid;Lipid metabolism
摘要：
This study evaluated the potential of mulberry leaf powder as an unconventional feed material for finishing pigs by assessing the growth performance, antioxidative properties, fatty acid profile, and lipid metabolism in 180 Xiangcun black pigs. Pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 71.64 +/- 1.46 kg were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups, including the control diet and 4 experimental diets. The corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran in the control diet were partly replaced by 3%, 6%, 9%, or 12% mulberry leaf powder in experimental diets. There were 6 replicates (pens) of 6 pigs per replicate in each treatment. Blood and muscle samples were collected after the 50-day feed experiment. Compared with the control group, the 3%, 6%, and 9% mulberry diets had no adverse effect (P > 0.05) on the growth performance of pigs. The serum glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione concentration increased linearly (P < 0.05) with the increase in dietary mulberry inclusion. There was no significant difference in the relative expression levels of antioxidant-related genes in muscle tissue between the control and mulberry groups. Inclusion of dietary mulberry powder increased (P < 0.05) the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle, up-regulated (P < 0.05) the relative mRNA expression level of uncoupling protein-3 in muscle tissue, but down-regulated (P < 0.05) the relative mRNA expression levels of hormone-sensitive lipase, acetyl CoA carboxylase a, lipoprotein lipase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g in LD in a linear pattern. The nuclear respiratory factor 2 expression level in the LD muscle of pigs fed the 9% mulberry diet was higher (P < 0.01) than that in the other mulberry groups and control group. The inclusion of less than 12% dietary mulberry did not detrimentally affect the growth performance of Xiangcun black pigs, but enhanced the serum antioxidant property, increased the polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and inhibited lipid oxidation by regulating gene expression levels of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial uncoupling protein in muscle tissue. Mulberry leaves can be utilized as a forage crop in the diet of finishing pigs. (C) 2021 Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co.
通讯机构：
[Huilin Yang] C;College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
摘要：
Spiders are believed to have enormous potential for indicating heavy metal pollution in ecosystems. The diversity of influencing factors caused significant differences in the toxicities of cadmium (Cd) on spiders. There is limited understanding of the underlying mechanism and response to acute Cd exposure at different concentrations and different poisoning times. We exposed adult female P. subpiraticus to 0.2 mM and 2 mM Cd for 6 and 12 h, respectively, to explore acute Cd toxicities by RNA-seq. We measured the bioaccumulation levels in P. subpiraticus and tested the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). There were 187, 292, 101 and 155 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after exposure to 0.2 mM and 2 mM Cd for 6 and 12 h, respectively. The results revealed that Cd accumulated in P. subpiraticus, changed the SOD and GST activities, and caused significant adverse effects at the molecular level on metabolism and immune and oxidative stress, with time-and concentration-dependent differences. Transcriptome analysis showed that acute Cd exposure depressed lipid metabolism and induced protein metabolism, especially serine metabolism. Genes encoding lipoproteins were depressed when exposed to 0.2 mM Cd, while fatty acid-related genes were downregulated under 2 mM Cd stress. In total, 46 cuticle-related genes were upregulated, and 6 cytoskeleton-related genes changed notably in the immune process. Peroxidase-related genes were further upregulated significantly. Meanwhile, the pathways related to metabolism, immunity and oxidative stress were significantly enriched. This report illustrated that acute Cd exposure exerts toxicities on P. subpiraticus and the spiders against acute Cd toxicities by selective differential expression of the genes associated with the physiological process of metabolism and immune and antioxidant stress. This study provides a comprehensive transcriptional basis for understanding the response of the P. sublimations to heavy metals at different concentrations and different treatment times. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.
通讯机构：
[Qian, W.] I;Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie, China
关键词：
RNA-seq;dioecious;dioïque;détermination du sexe des fleurs;développement floral;floral sex determination;flower development;spinach;épinards
摘要：
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is commonly considered a dioecious plant with heterogametic (XY) and homogametic (XX) sex chromosomes. The characteristic is also utilized for the production of spinach hybrid seeds. However, the molecular mechanisms of sex determination in spinach are still unclear because of a lack of genomic and transcriptomic information. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed in male and female inflorescences to provide insight into the molecular basis of sex determination in spinach. Comparative transcriptome analyses showed that 2278 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between male and female inflorescences. A high correlation between the RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR validation for DEGs was observed. Among these, 182 DEGs were annotated to transcription factors including the MYB family protein, bHLH family, and MADS family, suggesting these factors might play a vital role in sex determination. Moreover, 26 DEGs related to flower development, including nine ABCE class genes, were detected. Expression analyses of hormone pathways showed that brassinosteroids may be key hormones related to sex determination in spinach. Overall, this study provides a large amount of DEGs related to sexual expression and lays a foundation for unraveling the regulatory mechanism of sex determination in spinach.
通讯机构：
[Chengfeng Long; Xiaoyong Tang] S;School of Information and Intelligence Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>School of Computer and Communications Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
摘要：
Considering the issue with respect to the high data redundancy and high cost of information collection in wireless sensor nodes, this paper proposes a data fusion method based on belief structure to reduce attribution in multi-granulation rough set. By introducing belief structure, attribute reduction is carried out for multi-granulation rough sets. From the view of granular computing, this paper studies the evidential characteristics of incomplete multi-granulation ordered information systems. On this basis, the positive region reduction, belief reduction and plausibility reduction are put forward in incomplete multi-granulation ordered information system and analyze the consistency in the same level and transitivity in different levels. The positive region reduction and belief reduction are equivalent, and the positive region reduction and belief reduction are unnecessary and sufficient conditional plausibility reduction in the same level, if the cover structure order of different levels are the same the corresponding equivalent positive region reduction. The algorithm proposed in this paper not only performs three reductions, but also reduces the time complexity largely. The above study fuses the node data which reduces the amount of data that needs to be transmitted and effectively improves the information processing efficiency.
期刊：
Journal of Cleaner Production,2021年284:124691 ISSN：0959-6526
通讯作者：
Wang, Xin;Xing, Baoshan
作者机构：
[Li, Liang; Wang, Xin] Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Changsha 410081, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Liang; Wang, Xin] Hunan Normal Univ, Key Lab Environm Heavy Met Contaminat & Ecol Reme, Changsha 410081, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Yaoyu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xing, Baoshan] Univ Massachusetts, Stockbridge Sch Agr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Xin] H;[Xing, Baoshan] U;Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Changsha 410081, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Univ Massachusetts, Stockbridge Sch Agr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
关键词：
Arsenic;Air-stabilized nZVI (A-nZVI);Immobilization;Bioavailability;Biological function
摘要：
To restore highly degraded soil with severe arsenic (As) contamination, effective mitigation of As mobility and bioavailability is considered as the primary step. In this study, the capability of an air-stabilized nano zero-valent iron (A-nZVI) to decrease soil As solubility and leachability was investigated. Further, the effect of A-nZVI on recovery of soil biological function was analyzed by measuring changes in dehydrogenase activity, bacterial community and development of two pioneering plant species. Results showed that A-nZVI exhibited a prominent sorption capacity for both arsenite and arsenate (92.4 and 44.1 mg g(-1)). With A-nZVI application at >= 0.2%, 44.2-74.7% decline in soil As solubility was achieved in neutral water extraction, while consistently higher As extractability was determined with synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP, pH 4.2). Compared to adjacent forest soil (F-CK), microbial community of the tested soil was featured by 66% lower abundance of Actinobacteria while an elevated richness of Gemmatimonadetes, both of which showed apparent shift toward F-CK with A-nZVI. 0.2% A-nZVI was most effective in promoting dehydrogenase activity and ryegrass growth. Further, by two-dimensional mapping with the Zr-oxide diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), averaged DGT-As in rhizosphere of alfalfa (a green manure species) decreased by 47.1% with 0.2% A-nZVI. These results highlight that A-nZVI is critically essential for fixation of soil labile As and thus provides a favorable starting point for recovery of soil health. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
通讯机构：
[Qian Zhao; Xingbo Shi] L;Laboratory of Micro & Nano Biosensing Technology in Food Safety, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
Prussian blue nanoparticles;multimode signals;point-of-care testing;aflatoxin B1;aptamer
通讯机构：
[Zhonghua Liu] K;[Xinlin Wei] S;Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China<&wdkj&>School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
关键词：
Dark tea;Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry;Differential metabolite;Taste characteristic;Taste-metabolite association
摘要：
The chemical profile and taste quality of various dark teas vary considerably due to the huge differences in tea cultivar, processing technology, and production region. Herein, we integrated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and electronic tongue to reveal variations in chemical profile and taste quality of five typical dark teas, namely Pu-erh tea (PET), Fuzhuan tea (FZT), Qingzhuan tea (QZT), Kangzhuan tea (KZT), and Liubao tea (LBT), and elucidate chemical basis for their taste quality. The chemical phenotypes of dark teas were classified into FZT, PET, and QZT-KZT-LBT, whereas their taste phenotypes were classified into FZT, PET-QZT, and KZT-LBT. Totally, 49 compounds were identified as differential metabolites, with higher contents of catechins and flavonoid glycosides in FZT, and higher contents of catechin derivatives, flavonoids, and alkaloids in PET. PET had the strongest bitterness and aftertaste-bitterness, while FZT showed the strongest astringency, aftertaste-astringency, and saltiness among five typical dark teas. The bitterness and aftertaste-bitterness of dark teas were negatively associated with polyphenols, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, but positively associated with theabrownins; their aftertaste-astringency was positively related to polyphenols and flavonoids, but negatively related to theabrownins. This study will guide dark tea taste quality control and lay a foundation for comparing their health benefits.
摘要：
In nature, some plant species produce seedpods with spines, which is an adaptive biological trait for protecting the seed and helping seed dispersal. However, the molecular mechanism of spine formation is still unclear. While conducting routine tissue culture and transformation in the model legume Medicago truncatula, we identified a smooth seedpod (ssp1) mutant with a suite of other phenotypic changes. Preliminary analysis showed that the mutation was derived from the tissue culture process. Genetic segregation analysis suggested that ssp1 is a recessive mutant. By combining whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we found that the mutant phenotype was caused by a single nucleotide polymorphism and a 30 bp deletion in the gene locus Medtr4g039430, named SSP1. Complementation of the M. truncatula ssp1 and Arabidopsis twd1 mutants showed complete restoration, indicating that SSP1 is an ortholog of Arabidopsis TWD1 which encodes an immunophilin-like FK506-binding protein 42. The formation of spines on seedpods is associated with auxin transport. The method used in this study offers an effective way for detecting genes responsible for somaclonal variations. The results demonstrate, for the first time, that SSP1 plays a crucial role in the determination of spine formation on seedpods.
