摘要：
Phyllosilicate nanoparticles play an important role in regulating the biogeochemical processes of Fe(II) and As(III) in paddy soils due to their high mobility and activity. In the present work, two prepared muscovite nanoparticles with different sizes (LNPs and SNPs) were used to investigate the effect of the size of phyllosilicate nanoparticles on the coprecipitation of Fe(II) and As(III) during oxidation process. The results showed that muscovite nanoparticles could significantly promote the removal of Fe(II) and As(III) during coprecipitation process. The formation of crystalline iron oxide and oxidation of As(III) tended to be suppressed by the two muscovite nanoparticles, and the suppression increased as muscovite nanoparticle size decrease. The findings of this study provide a contribution to understanding the roles of the natural phyllosilicate nanoparticles in regulating the biogeochemical processes of Fe and As elements in polluted paddy soils.
摘要：
Softening is one of the main factors affecting market value and consumer preferences for jujubes, and it was closely related to the modification and depolymerization of pectin. Changes in characteristics of three pectins (water-soluble pectin (WSP), sodium carbonate-soluble pectin (SSP) and chelate-soluble pectin (CSP)), including their contents, degree of methylesterification (DM), neutral sugar compositions, the molecular weight (M(w) ) distributions and nanostructures, from two jujube fruits cv Dongzao (DZ) and Jinsixiaozao (JS) during cold storage were assessed. The results showed that variation in pectin characteristics during cold storage was similar between DZ and JS. The reduction of firmness corresponded to a conversion of water-insoluble pectin to WSP during cold storage. DM of WSP presented an increase trend in the late storage. Rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara) and glucose (Glc) were the crucial compositions in three pectins, and most neutral sugar compositions in three pectins first increased and then decreased during cold storage. Changes in the ratio of (galactose (Gal)+Ara)/Rha and Ara/Gal represented that the branch chains of rhamnogalacturonan-I in three pectins depolymerized after storage. The high M(w) in WSP and SSP of jujubes were solubilized and extensively depolymerized into pectin with lower M(w) after storage. AFM images showed an increase in short chains and branch structures of three pectins after storage. Overall, three pectins in DZ and JS depolymerized and solubilized during cold storage. WSP and SSP were more contributed to the softening of jujubes compared to CSP, and they played the critical role for regulating the softening of jujube fruits during cold storage. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Softening is one of the main factors affecting market value and consumer preferences for jujubes, and it was closely related to the modification and depolymerization of pectin. Changes in characteristics of three pectins (WSP, SSP, CSP), including their contents, degree of methylesterification, neutral sugar compositions, the molecular weight distributions and nanostructures, from two jujube fruits cv Dongzao (DZ) and Jinsixiaozao (JS) during cold storage were assessed. Three pectins in DZ and JS depolymerized and solubilized during cold storage. WSP and SSP were more contributed to the softening of jujubes compared to CSP, and they played the critical role for regulating the softening of jujube fruits during cold storage. This study would elucidate the mechanism of jujube softening and help to regulate the postharvest quality during cold storage.
摘要：
Although Lilium brownii (L. brownii) bulbs are popular fresh vegetables, a series of quality problems still remain after harvest. In this study, fresh L. brownii bulbs were placed in the dark at 25, 4, and -20 degrees C and under light at 25 degrees C from 0 to 30 days; the chemical compositions were analyzed by ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV) and high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS). During the 30-day storage period, the browning degree increased over the storage time and with increasing temperature, but the contents of proteins and free amino acids decreased and were aggravated by light. The total polyphenol content increased until the 6th day at 25 degrees C (dark or light), but it did not significantly accumulate at -20 or 4 degrees C. The reducing sugar content showed a dynamic balance, but the total polysaccharide content decreased constantly in the four storage conditions. The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity increased with storage time and increasing temperature, while it was inhibited by light. The increase rates of malondialdehyde (MDA) content at -20 degrees C and light (25 degrees C) were higher than those at 4 and 25 degrees C. In addition, 12 secondary metabolites were identified, most of which accumulated during the storage period, for example, 1-O-feruloyl-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylglycerol; 1,3-O-di-p-coumaroylglycerol; 1-O-feruloyl-3-O-p-coumaroylglycerol; and 1,2-O-diferuloylglycerol. The variations in nutrient levels had a low correlation with browning, but the variations in MDA, PPO, and secondary metabolite (phenolic acids) levels had a high correlation with browning. In conclusion, fresh L. brownii bulbs should be stored at a low temperature (4 degrees C) and in dark condition, and browning bulbs are excellent materials for secondary metabolite utilization.Y
通讯机构：
[Ruhua Chen] D;[Zili Yi] C;Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yixing People Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Yixing, China<&wdkj&>College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
Following publication of the original article (Ding et al. 2021), due to a typesetting error, author Ruhua Chen has been missed to be marked as corresponding author. The author group has been updated above and the original article (Ding et al. 2021) has been corrected.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Hua; Xiao, Zhihua] C;College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China.;Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
摘要：
This study was conducted to investigate the speciation, bioavailability and environmental risk of heavy metals (HMs) in chicken manure (CM) and water-washed swine manure (WSM) and their biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (200 to 800 degrees C). As the pyrolysis temperature increased, the remaining proportion, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), HCl and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) of HMs gradually declined. This result proved that the speciation of HMs in chicken manure biochars (CMB) and water-washed swine manure biochars (WSMB) was influenced by pyrolysis temperature. The proportions of stable fractions were enhanced with increased pyrolysis temperature and weakened the HM validity for vegetation at 800 degrees C. Finally, the results of the risk assessment showed that the environmental risk of HMs in CMB and WSMB decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Therefore, pyrolysis at 800 degrees C can provide a practical approach to lessen the initial and underlying heavy metal toxicity of CMB and WSMB to the environment.
通讯机构：
[Xiangbi Chen] K;Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, PR China<&wdkj&>Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
关键词：
Fungi and bacteria;Microbial necromass;Organic amendments;Paddy soil;Rhizosphere effect;Soil nitrogen pool
通讯机构：
[Kejun Feng] S;[Xingbo Shi] L;School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516007, PR China<&wdkj&>Laboratory of Micro & Nano Biosensing Technology in Food Safety, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
摘要：
Herein, an ultra-sensitive aptasensor based on dual-enzyme mediated cascade- signal amplification (dubbed Demcsa aptasensor) for ampicillin (AMP) detection is proposed. The sensor?s activity involves two major steps, i. e., DNA ligase-assisted Exonuclease III (Exo III) catalyzed degradation reaction in a homogeneous solution, signal generation/amplification through the biotin-streptavidin linkage and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) on a 96-well polystyrene plate. Firstly, a detection probe was formed via the hybridization reaction between biotinylated AMP aptamer (bio-AP), HCR initiator strand (H strand) and complementary DNA (cDNA). As a result of the dual-enzyme mediated degradation, a long APH strand was formed via the DNA ligase-catalyzed ligation of bio-AP and the H strand, which served as integrated initiator to trigger the HCR reaction, thereby producing a long double-stranded DNA polymer. Subsequently, the SYBR Green I, as fluorescent dye for DNA, was added and a strong fluorescence signal was generated. In the presence of AMP, the function of DNA ligase was effectively suppressed due to the higher affinity of target-AP strand complex. As a result, the HCR reaction could not be triggered without generating a fluorescence signal, because the bio-AP cannot ligate to the H strand even when captured on the plate. The cascade- signal amplification of biotin-streptavidin linkage and the HCR reaction endowed the Demcsa aptasensor with a limit of detection (LOD) of aM, which was comparable or superior to those of the previously reported sensors. The Demcsa aptasensor has been used for the screening of AMP in food samples with favorable recoveries. The results of this work pave a new, universal way for developing efficient sensors for the detection of other trace food hazards.
关键词：
Grain protein concentration;logistic regression;non-protein accumulation;protein accumulation;rice
摘要：
Protein in rice grains is an important source of nutrition for rice consumers. This study mainly aimed to identify the critical factors that determine grain protein concentration in rice. Accumulation parameters, including mean accumulation rate (R-mean) and active accumulation duration (D-active), for protein and non-protein components and their correlations with protein concentration in rice grains were investigated in field experiments conducted over two years with six rice cultivars. Results showed that grain protein concentration ranged from 9.6% to 11.9% across cultivars and years. Accumulation processes of protein and non-protein components were well fitted by the logistic equation for all six rice cultivars in both years, and the ratio of protein to non-protein for R-mean and D-active ranged from 0.08 to 0.12 and 1.01 to 1.33, respectively. Grain protein concentration was significantly correlated with protein to non-protein ratio for R-mean. This study suggests that grain protein concentration is not solely determined by the accumulation of protein or non-protein component, but by the coordination of protein and non-protein accumulation.
摘要：
In this work, the stacking fault energy (SFE), surface energy, and Rice ratio are systematically investigated to elucidate the effect of solute atoms (Cr, Ta, V, W, Y, and Zr) on the mechanical properties of TiC. As for the site preference of solute atoms, the calculation results show that all solutes prefer the Ti sites in the TiC. Considering the solute effect on the SFE, four slip systems, such as(001) < 1<(1)over bar>0 >,(110) < 1<(1)over bar>0 >,(111) < 1<(1)over bar>0 >, and(111) < 11<(2)over bar> > are systematically investigated. For the undoped structure, we found that the (110) < 1<(1)over bar>0 > slip system is most likely to occur in the TiC due to its lower SFE, which is consistent with the experimental results. Furthermore, it is found that solute atoms Cr, V, W will decrease the SFE and improve the ductility of TiC, while doping Ta and Zr will increase SFE and reduce its ductility. Besides, it is worth noting that doping Y atoms not only decrease the stacking fault energy but also reduces the ductility of the material. Furthermore, results also show that all doped solutes are beneficial to the formation of partial dislocation in the TiC.
摘要：
Here, a novel mycovirus, Botryosphaeria dothidea mitovirus 1 (BdMV1), was isolated from a phytopathogenic fungus, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and its molecular characteristics were determined. BdMV1 has a genome of 2,667 nt that contains a single large open reading frame (ORF) using the fungal mitochondrial genetic code. The ORF encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of 727 amino acids with a molecular mass of 81.64 kDa. BLASTp analysis revealed that the RdRp domain of BdMV1 has 39.59% and 39.18% sequence identity to Plasmopara viticola associated mitovirus 43 and Setosphaeria turcica mitovirus 1, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis further suggested that BdMV1 is a new member of the genus Mitovirus within the family Mitoviridae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a mitovirus in B. dothidea.
摘要：
Climate change affects the phenology and composition of grapes and influencing eventually on winemaking, wine microbiology, chemistry, and sensory aspects. Over the next few years, the economic value of industrial bio-fuel chains has shown improvement and will be a promising source of co-product useful to sustainable agriculture systems. In a recent review of literature, many studies have reported an increase in plant parasites under organic modifications. Suppressive composts utilization is necessary to reduce agricultural waste and exhaust biomass from different bio-fuel chains. This paper introduces the advanced temperature and time agricultural bio-ethanol harvest method to increase the concentration of grape sugar levels. Under very warm temperatures, it is already seen in some areas that the metabolism of wine can be impaired. This leads to decreased accumulations of metabolites, which may influence the scent and color of the wine. To apply this residual to agriculture, diligent monitoring is required to detect early soil quality modifications. This case study is carried out using three different fertilizers ammonium sulfate, calcium ammonium nitrate, and calcium cyanamide. With no acid addition regulation, the increased pH can lead to significant modifications of the microbial ecology of musts and wines and increase the risk of organoleptic degradation and spoilage.
作者机构：
[Song, Junke; Yang, Xin; Ma, Xun; Wu, Xuemei; Zhao, Guanghui; Wang, Yuxin] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Vet Med, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.;[Li, Zhili] Foshan Univ, Coll Life Sci & Engn, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Guohua] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhao, Guanghui] N;Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Vet Med, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Blastocystis sp.;Prevalence;Subtyping;Rhizomys sinensis;Hunan Province
摘要：
<i>Blastocystis<i/> sp., a parasitic eukaryote, widely colonizes the intestines of humans and a large number of animals, including rodents and lagomorphs. More than 30 million bamboo rats (<i>Rhizomys sinensis<i/>) are farmed in China as a source of meat for human consumption. However, there have been no published articles on <i>Blastocystis<i/> infection in Chinese bamboo rats prior to the present study. Herein, 480 fresh faecal samples were collected from <i>R. sinensis<i/> on six farms located in four cities (Wugang, Chenzhou, Huaihua and Jishou) in Hunan Province, south-central China, and were examined for <i>Blastocystis<i/> infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. The total prevalence of <i>Blastocystis<i/> in <i>R. sinensis<i/> was 4.58% (22/480), and significant differences in prevalence were detected among four age groups (<6 months, 6–12 months, 12–24 months and >24 months), with the highest prevalence (7.81%) in rats aged 6–12 months but with no positive samples in rats over 24 months. All farms, except for one in Jishou, were positive for <i>Blastocystis<i/> infection, with the prevalence ranging from 1.80% to 7.27%. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed two potentially zoonotic subtypes (namely ST4 and ST5) in these rodents, with ST4 predominant in all except one farm in Huaihua. Seven and five sequence types were identified within ST4 and ST5, respectively. This is the first report of <i>Blastocystis<i/> infection in Chinese bamboo rats and the findings suggest the potential of <i>R. sinensis<i/> to transmit <i>Blastocystis<i/> to humans.
