摘要：
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) originated from livestock manure often co-exists with cadmium ion (Cd) in livestock effluent. However, the effects of DOM on removal efficiency of Cd by adsorbent remain unknown. This study investigated the effects of DOM originated from cattle manure on adsorption behaviors of Cd by periphyton, and the possible mechanisms were also explored through desorption analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) determination, and histochemical staining. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm of Cd by periphyton could be explained by pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich model, respectively. DOM addition did not change the adsorption kinetics and isotherm of periphyton toward Cd, but it decreased the adsorption capacity of Cd by periphyton. Ion exchange and complexation were the main binding forces for the adsorption of Cd by periphyton, while the adsorption of Cd by DOM mainly through complexation. Amide and hydroxyl in the DOM were involved in its adsorption toward Cd, and may contribute to the competition for Cd with periphyton. Thus, the decrease of DOM concentration in livestock effluent is helpful to remove Cd by periphyton adsorption.
摘要：
Leaf mustard is a popular cruciferous vegetable, and its chemical composition and biological activities have seldom been investigated. The aim of this study was to characterize the primary extractable components of fresh and fermented leaf mustard and determine their growth inhibitory effects on human colon cancer cells. Our results show that the contents of total soluble sugar, fat, protein, and glucosinolates in the extract of fresh leaf mustard (EFrLM) were significantly higher than those in the extract of fermented leaf mustard (EFeLM), while the inverse was true for amino nitrogen and total polyphenol contents. A total of 45 compounds and 72 volatile components were further identified in the two extracts by LC-MS and GC-MS, respectively. EFrLM and EFeLM displayed no inhibitory effects on normal human colon myofibroblast CCD-18Co cells, but both induced cell cycle arrest and extensive cellular apoptosis in HCT116 cells. Cell cycle-related genes and signaling proteins (cyclin B, cyclin D1, and cyclin E) were downregulated, and apoptosis-related genes and signaling proteins (caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3) were upregulated. Notably, EFeLM exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect than EFrLM on HCT116 cells. The results of this study lay a solid foundation for understanding the chemical constituents and biological activities of leaf mustard and highlight its anticancer potential.
摘要：
Brassica napus L. (oilseed rape) was grown with daikon and white lupin in a polyvinyl chloride split pot experiment (with no barrier between the compartments or by a nylon mesh barrier (37μm) to license partial root interaction, or a solid barrier to stop any root interactions) to examine the effect of rhizosphere interaction on the cadmium uptake. The results showed that shoot and root biomasses of oilseed rape were 40.66% and 26.94% less than that of the monocropped treatment (solid barrier) when intercropping with daikon under the rhizosphere complete interaction. However, the intermingling of roots between oilseed rape and white lupin notably enhanced the dry biomass of oilseed rape by 40.23% and decreased with the reduction of root contact. Oilseed rape intercropping with daikon enhanced the shoot Cd concentration of oilseed rape. The shoot Cd concentration (44.8mg/kg) of oilseed rape when intercropped white lupin under complete rhizosphere interaction were greater than those of other treatments. Additionally, the intermingling of roots played a positive role in the content of citric and malic acids when intercropping with white lupin. In all systems, the BCF values of oilseed rape >5. Therefore, intercropping with white lupin may contribute to higher biomass and increased uptake Cd by oilseed rape. We can toward sustainable positive effects on phytoremediation that based on a better understanding of rhizosphere processes.
通讯机构：
[Zhiliang Tan] C;[Duanqin Wu] I;CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China
关键词：
Goat;Meat quality;Ramie;Alfalfa;Carcass
摘要：
Ramie（Boehmeria nivea） is noted for the production of a large biomass that has a high protein content and is rich in antioxidants.It may thus serve as a high-quality forage material to replace alfalfa and improve the meat quality of farmed animals.In this study,we evaluated the carcass characteristics and meat quality of goats when 0,35%,75%,and 100% of dietary alfalfa was replaced with ramie.Crude protein content（linear,P <0.0001） and key muscle color values at 24 h after slaughter decreased with increasing ramie levels.The content of most individual amino acids,non-essential amino acids（NEAA）,total amino acids（TAA）,branched chain amino acids（BCAA）,functional amino acids（FAA）,and flavor amino acids（DAA） decreased（P <0.05） with increasing dietary ramie.The diet in which 35% of alfalfa was replaced with ramie yielded meat with the highest amino acid content,whereas the fatty acid profile was unaffected by the inclusion of ramie.These results indicate that ramie could be used as a potential dietary forage resource for goats,and that substituting 35% of alfalfa with ramie,which is equivalent to126 g/kg DM content,would be optimal in terms of goat meat quality.
作者：
Du, Huihui*;Du, Jingwei;Liu, Fangyi;Zhang, Yanhuan;Guo, Hanwen;...
期刊：
Journal of Soils and Sediments,2021年21(2):775-783 ISSN：1439-0108
通讯作者：
Du, Huihui
作者机构：
[Liu, Fangyi; Du, Huihui; Zhang, Yanhuan; Guo, Hanwen; Du, Jingwei] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Du, Huihui] Hunan Engn & Technol Res Ctr Irrigat Water Purifi, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Wan, Dan] Tianjin Univ, Sch Earth Syst Sci, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Du, Huihui] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Engn & Technol Res Ctr Irrigat Water Purifi, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Antibiotics;Heavy metal;Cosorption;Clay mineral
摘要：
Antibiotics often coexist with heavy metals in contaminated soils, making their behaviors more complicated than their individual presences. Sorption to soil components deeply affects the mobility, bioavailability, and fate of contaminants. However, limited studies have investigated the cosorption characteristics of tetracycline (TC) and heavy metals to typical soil minerals, particularly phyllosilicates. This study investigates the effect of Cd(II) on TC sorption by kaolinite (Kao, 1:1-type) and montmorillonite (Mont, 2:1-type) via isothermal adsorption, coupled with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Isothermal results show that TC sorption on both kaolinite (Kao, 1:1-type) and montmorillonite (Mont, 2:1-type) is little affected by Cd(II) at pH 4.5 but increases significantly at pH 8.5. The overall effect of Cd(II) on TC sorption depends on the intensities of two positive processes, i.e., (1) the formation of soluble Cd-TC complex increases sorption compared to free TC molecules and (2) the formation of a ternary clay-Cd-TC complex at clay variable edge sites increases sorption, and one negative process, i.e., competition of Cd(II) with cationic and zwitterionic TC species at the permanently charged sites decreases sorption. XRD analyses demonstrate that TC intercalates into the interlayer (d001 = 18.7 Å) of Mont as one monolayer parallel molecule both with and without Cd(II) but adsorbs predominately on external surface of Kao. FTIR results suggest a flat-lying horizontal configuration of adsorbed TC molecules on clays, accompanied by a strong complexation between the carbonyl and amino groups of TC molecules and the surfaces. Besides, the presence of Cd(II) more or less facilitates this complexation. We propose that Cd(II) can significantly promote TC adsorption on clay minerals at alkaline pH rather than acidic pH. TC and Cd(II) interact intensely and form strong surface complexation on clay surfaces. Hence, coexistence with Cd(II) may lower the mobility and thus the bioavailability of TC in alkaline soils, which provides a new direction for soil remediation by regulating soil pH using alkaline materials.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Jinjun] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Cell Mech & Funct, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Heteropoda venatoria in the family Sparassidae is highly valued in pantropical countries because the species feed on domestic insect pests. Unlike most other species of Araneomorphae, H. venatoria uses the great speed and strong chelicerae (mouthparts) with toxin glands to capture the insects instead of its web. Therefore, H. venatoria provides unique opportunities for venom evolution research. The venom of H. venatoria was explored by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight and analyzing expressed sequence tags. The 154 sequences coding cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) revealed 24 families based on the phylogenetic analyses of precursors and cysteine frameworks in the putative mature regions. Intriguingly, four kinds of motifs are first described in spider venom. Furthermore, combining the diverse CRPs of H. venatoria with previous spider venom peptidomics data, the structures of precursors and the patterns of cysteine frameworks were analyzed. This work revealed the dynamic evolutionary trends of venom CRPs in H. venatoria: the precursor has evolved an extended mature peptide with more cysteines, and a diminished or even vanished propeptides between the signal and mature peptides; and the CRPs evolved by multiple duplications of an ancestral ICK gene as well as recruitments of non-toxin genes.
摘要：
Susceptibility to mastitis is highest during the peri-partal (transition) period and is often concomitant with other comorbidities such as ketosis. Although infection with pathogenic microorganisms and immune-dysfunc-tion around calving clearly play key roles in mastitis development, other metabolic factors also contribute. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial deacetylase regu-lating energy and redox homeostasis, antagonizes the lipotoxic effects of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Thus, we hypothesized that increases in circulating NEFA concentrations, as observed in the transition period, provokes inflammatory responses that can be reversed via activation of SIRT3. Here we aimed to study (1) proinflammatory NF-Kappa B signaling and SIRT3 abundance in mammary tissue of ketotic cows and healthy controls, and (2) the effect of SIRT3 on NF-Kappa B activation in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) treated with high levels of NEFA. The mam-mary gland biopsy samples were from a previous study, which included 15 healthy cows and 15 ketotic cows. Primary BMEC were isolated from 3 healthy Holstein cows with collagenase III digestion. Purified BMEC were incubated with or without SIRT3 overexpression adenovirus for 48 h, then treated with 0, 0.6, 1.2, or 2.4 mM NEFA for 24 h. Mammary tissue of ketotic cows was associated with lower protein abundance of SIRT3 along with greater NF-Kappa B P65 phosphorylation levels (p-NF-Kappa B P65), p-NF-Kappa B P65: NF -Kappa B P65 ratio, and mRNA abundance of IL1B and IL6. In BMEC, exog-enous NEFA dose-dependently reduced protein abun-dance of SIRT3, but increased p-NF-Kappa B P65, p-NF-Kappa B P65: NF -Kappa B P65 ratio, and mRNA abundance of IL1B and IL6. Compared with green fluorescent protein adenovirus vector + NEFA, overexpression of SIRT3 in NEFA-treated BMEC downregulated p-NF-Kappa B P65 and mRNA abundance of IL1B and IL6. Immuno-fluorescence indicated that overexpression of SIRT3 inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-Kappa B P65. Overall, our data demonstrated that ketosis is associated with a reduction in SIRT3 abundance and activation of NF-Kappa B signaling in the mammary gland. In vitro data pro-vided evidence that high NEFA concentrations inhibit SIRT3, which contributes to enhanced NF-Kappa B signaling including nuclear translocation and a pro-inflammatory response. The data suggest a promising role of SIRT3 as a target for helping alleviate localized inflammation of the mammary gland resulting from exposure to high concentrations of NEFA.
通讯机构：
[Xiaogang Li; Lianyang Bai] C;College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
摘要：
Although cover crops are widely used for weed suppression in the agroecosystem, little research is available regarding the possibility that the decomposed weed solution may control weeds. In this study, we tested the allelopathic effect of decomposed weed solution on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli). In two separate tests, we found that the solution of decomposed Myosoton aquaticum completely suppressed the germination of barnyardgrass seeds at a concentration of 20 g l-1. We then isolated and identified the predominant inhibitory substance in the decomposed M. aquaticum solution. The solution was subjected to organic solvent extraction and then separated on a silica gel column before the final identification of its components by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Dihydrocoumarin was isolated from the M2 and M3 fractions using a bioassay-guided method and was found to be the most active of eleven candidate allelochemical compounds. Dihydrocoumarin is typically used as a food additive. In this study, barnyardgrass germination was completely inhibited when treated with dihydrocoumarin at 1 g l-1, and its root and shoot growth were significantly inhibited at an application rate of 0.005 g l-1. Dihydrocoumarin showed highly efficient inhibition of root and shoot growth in barnyardgrass at low concentrations compared with coumarin. These findings show that weeds may be used as cover crops to provide allelochemicals for weed suppression and that dihydrocoumarin has the potential to be used as a bioherbicide.
通讯机构：
[Zhaohui Yang; Weiping Xiong] C;College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
摘要：
Photocatalysis, which can be utilized for H-2 production, CO2 reduction, and water remediation, promising a bright future in addressing energy and environmental challenges. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with highly uniform crystal structures provide internal conditions to restrain the aggregation of metal species and generate the composite with superb stability. Such confinement strategy offers advantages in designing of photocatalysts with abundant active sites, increased mass-transfer efficiency, enhanced light adsorption and high photo-generated carriers utilization rate due to the synergistic effects. Here, the recent advances in fabricating metal species confined in pores of MOFs are concluded. Advanced characterizations for characterizing the relative location between metal species and MOFs are displayed. Moreover, the photocatalytic applications of metal species@MOFs in energy and environment and the corresponding photocatalytic mechanisms are discussed. Challenges and perspectives are given, with good hope to promote the development of fabricating advanced and efficient photocatalyst. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
通讯机构：
[Ya Tu] B;[Guo-Hua Liu] H;Beijing Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center, Beijing, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
Fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genomes and extensive mt gene rearrangements have been frequently reported from parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). However, relatively little is known about the mt genomes from the family Philopteridae, the most species-rich family within the suborder Ischnocera. Herein, we use next-generation sequencing to decode the mt genome of Falcolipeurus suturalis and compare it with the mt genome of F. quadripustulatus. Phylogenetic relationships within the family Philopteridae were inferred from the concatenated 13 protein-coding genes of the two Falcolipeurus lice and members of the family Philopteridae using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. The complete mt genome of F. suturalis is a circular, double-stranded DNA molecule 16,659bp in size that contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and three non-coding regions. The gene order of the F. suturalis mt genome is rearranged relative to that of F. quadripustulatus, and is radically different from both other louse species and the putative ancestral insect. Phylogenetic analyses revealed clear genetic distinctiveness between F. suturalis and F. quadripustulatus (Bayesian posterior probabilities = 1.0 and bootstrapping frequencies = 100), and that the genus Falcolipeurus is sister to the genus Ibidoecus (Bayesian posterior probabilities = 1.0 and bootstrapping frequencies = 100). These datasets help to better understand gene rearrangements in lice and the phylogenetic position of Falcolipeurus and provide useful genetic markers for systematic studies of bird lice.
关键词：
Buffer radius;Cooling effect;Cool island intensity;Remote sensing;Urban greenspace
摘要：
Accurately and easily quantifying the greenspace cool island intensity (GCII) is important to understand the cooling effect of urban greenspace for better urban greenspace planning and management. This study proposed two new methods (i.e., equal area method and equal radius method) to estimate GCII and compared them with two old methods (i.e., turning point method and fixed radius method) in terms of the GCII magnitudes, spatial variations, relationships with greenspace size, and the estimation of optimal greenspace size in cooling the environment (i.e., threshold value of efficiency (TVoE)). We performed the analysis based on Landsat derived land surface temperature (LST) in seven Chinese cities with varied climate background and geographic variations. The results showed that: (1) Different methods significantly impacted the estimated GCIIs with higher values by the turning point method and lower values by the equal area method. (2) GCIIs by different methods were positively and significantly correlated with each other and characterized similar spatial heterogeneities. (3) GCIIs by all methods showed significantly positive logarithmic relationships with greenspace area with higher R2 observed by the equal area method. (4) The four methods estimated close TVoEs with no significant difference among them. We recommend the equal radius method to quantify GCII for its equal effectiveness but easier calculation compared to other methods.
摘要：
Although the morbidity and mortality rates associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are high, there is still lack of powerful and precise therapeutic options for IPF. Through in vitro model, this study sought to determine whether binding of acetylated CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) to alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) promoter could affect the activity of the latter as well as assess if it is essential for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix deposition in IPF. The expression of EMT and C/EBPβ in A549 cells treated with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) as pulmonary fibrotic model was detected by western blotting and qPCR. Collagen-I expression using ELISA was performed. The luciferase activity was used to examine the activity of C/EBPβ. Knockdown of C/EBPβ was performed by siRNA. We also investigated the effect of deacetylation of C/EBPβ on EMT using sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). The binding ability of C/EBPβ with α-SMA promoter was affirmed via chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). The relationship between α-SMA and acetylated C/EBPβ was determined with co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). SiRNA-mediated knockdown of C/EBPβ in A549 cells attenuated TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and ECM deposition. The extent of association between acetylated C/EBPβ and α-SMA promoter was dynamically monitored. It was confirmed that deacetylation of C/EBPβ in A549 cells successfully ameliorated TGF-β1-induced EMT, as shown by reduction in α-SMA expression and excessive collagen-I accumulation. The EMT and fibrotic effect of TGF-β1 is dependent on acetylated C/EBPβ-mediated regulation of α-SMA gene activity. Thus, C/EBPβ acetylation may play a central role in pulmonary fibrosis.
期刊：
Science of The Total Environment,2021年791:147890 ISSN：0048-9697
通讯作者：
Cao Cougui
作者机构：
[Ling Lin; Maimaitizunong, Ayitula] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Plant Sci & Technol, Macro Res Agr Inst, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.;[Wang Jinping; Shuai Yanju; Li Chengfang; Ling Lin; Zhan Ming; Cao Cougui; Zhang Haoran; Jiang Yang; Maimaitizunong, Ayitula; Sun Zichuan] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Plant Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.;[Xu Ying] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zhang Zhisheng] Hubei Acad Agr Sci, Hubei Key Lab Food Crop Germplasm & Genet Improve, Food Crops Inst, Wuhan 430064, Peoples R China.;[Wang Bin] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Environm & Sustainable Dev Agr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Cao Cougui] C;College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
关键词：
Carbon footprint;Economic benefit;GHG mitigation practices;Integrated farming system;Rice production system;Rotation
摘要：
In recent years, many rotational and integrated rice production systems coupled with several greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation practices have been developed and adopted for demand of low carbon production. However, there have been only few studies about comparisons on the balance between high production and mit-igation of GHG emissions in different rice production systems. We therefore aimed to evaluate economic output and carbon footprint of different rice production systems, based on several long-term experiments conducted by our lab. CH4 and N2O emission were measured by the same static chamber/gas chromatogram measurement pro-cedure in different rice production systems, including rice-fallow, rice-rapeseed, rice-wheat, double rice, and in-tegrated rice-crayfish production system. Then, we applied the DeNitrification DeComposition model to simulate CH4 and N2O emission over different years under the same condition for comparison. Carbon footprint was cal-culated following the process-based life cycle assessment (PLCA) methodology. The economic benefit of rice pro-duction systems was assessed by cost-benefit analysis. According to the analysis, the double-rice production system exhibited the highest intensity of carbon footprint (ICF = 4.14 kg CO2-eq yuan(-1)), rain-fed treatment in the rice-rapeseed system had the lowest (ICF = 0.68 kg CO2-eq yuan(-1)). The intensity of carbon footprint in different treatments in the integrated rice-crayfish production system was around 0.8 kg CO2-eq yuan(-1). Over-all, the results of this case study suggest: (1) the proposed practices in different rice production systems are no straw returning (rice-fallow), no-tillage without straw returning (rice-wheat), rain-fed farming (rice-rapeseed), no insect and no inoculation (double rice), and feeding with straw returning (rice-crayfish); (2) rotational and integrated systems can achieve high net output with low carbon emission; (3) reducing the amount of nitrogenous fertilizer application is the most important and effective GHG mitigation practice for rotational systems. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.
