通讯机构：
[Xionglun Liu; Junhua Peng] S;Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Huazhi Bio-Tech Company Ltd., Changsha, China
摘要：
Main conclusion Using genome-wide SNP association mapping, a total of 77 and 7 loci were identified for rice bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak resistance, respectively, which may facilitate rice resistance improvement. Bacterial blight (BB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS) caused by Gram-negative bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), respectively, are two economically important diseases negatively affecting rice production. To mine new sources of resistance, a set of rice germplasm collection consisting of 895 re-sequenced accessions from the 3000 Rice Genomes Project (3 K RGP) were screened for BB and BLS resistance under field conditions. Higher levels of BB resistance were observed in aus/boro subgroup, whereas the japonica, temperate japonica and tropical japonica subgroups possessed comparatively high levels of resistance to BLS. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) mined 77 genomic loci significantly associated with BB and 7 with BLS resistance. The phenotypic variance (R-2) explained by these loci ranged from 0.4 to 30.2%. Among the loci, 7 for BB resistance were co-localized with known BB resistance genes and one for BLS resistance overlapped with a previously reported BLS resistance QTL. A search for the candidates in other novel loci revealed several defense-related genes that may be involved in resistance to BB and BLS. High levels of phenotypic resistance to BB or BLS could be attributed to the accumulation of the resistance (R) alleles at the associated loci, indicating their potential value in rice resistance breeding via gene pyramiding. The GWAS analysis validated the known genes underlying BB and BLS resistance and identified novel loci that could enrich the current resistance gene pool. The resources with strong resistance and significant SNPs identified in this study are potentially useful in breeding for BB and BLS resistance.
通讯机构：
[Yi Wang] C;Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
关键词：
Landscape;Nitrogen;Phosphorus;Stream water quality
摘要：
Understanding the relationship between integrated landscape patterns (coupled land use, soil properties, and topography) and stream water quality in different seasons promotes appropriate landscape planning. However, this relationship is unclear. Here, water quality nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels and the integrated landscape patterns were investigated in ten Chinese subtropical catchments during 2010 & ndash;2017, using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regressions method and redundancy analysis (RDA). The results suggested that stream water N and P levels were significantly higher in the fallow season than in the ricegrowing season (p < 0.05). The N and P levels in the rice-growing season were elevated with the increasing area proportions of tea fields in Ultisols on the medium slope (16.06 & ndash;28.02 degrees), and larger isolation, diversity, and geometric complexity of landscape patches, but decreased with the increasing area proportions of forests in Ultisols on the steep slope (28.02 & ndash;80.30 degrees) and interspersion of landscape patches. Stream water N and P levels were more likely influenced by landscape configuration in the rainy rice-growing season, mainly due to the rapid velocities and high quantities of surface flow strengthening landscape configuration effects on the N and P migration and exchange. In the fallow season, the N and P levels were heightened with the increasing area proportions of tea fields, residential areas, and paddy fields in Ultisols on the relative flat (0 & ndash;16.06 degrees) and medium slopes, and larger isolation of landscape, and could be greatly reduced if the area proportions of forests in Ultisols on the steep slope is increased. The N and P levels were more likely determined by landscape composition in the dry fallow season, associated with the slow and poor subsurface and underground hydrological flows. Therefore, the results promoted reasonable landscape management in different seasons and suitable soil and topography conditions for improving stream water quality. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Xiao, Hong-Bo; Huang, Fu-Shen; Wang, Chao-Ran] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, Hong-Bo] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Vet Drug, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Lu, Xiang-Yang] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Univ Key Lab Agr Biochem & Biotransfor, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Lu, Xiang-Yang] Hunan Coinnovat Ctr Ultilizat Bot Funct Ingredien, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Hong-Bo Xiao] C;College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
Aims The effect of increasing dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) on rumen fermentation and ruminal microbial community in dairy cows under heat stress (HS) conditions were evaluated. Methods and Results This study was performed as a two-period cross-over design during the summer season, with eight lactating dairy cows randomly distributed to either a control DCAD diet (CON: 33 center dot 5 mEq/100 g DM) or high DCAD diet (HDCAD: 50 center dot 8 mEq/100 g DM). Throughout the present study, the temperature and humidity index (THI; 80 center dot 2 +/- 4 center dot 29) was generally elevated above the threshold (THI = 72) that is reported to cause HS in lactating dairy cows. Rumen liquid samples were collected on 15 and 21 d during each 21 d-period. The absolute concentration of ruminal total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) in HDCAD treatment was significantly (P < 0 center dot 05) higher than those in the control, whilst the ruminal pH, NH3-N, and VFA molar percentages were unaffected through increasing DCAD. Furthermore, the copy numbers of the cellulolytic bacteriaRuminococcus albusandRuminococcus flavefaciensin rumen fluid significantly (P < 0 center dot 05) rose along with the increment of DCAD. Although the Alpha diversity indexes and the bacterial microbiota structure were unaffected, increasing DCAD significantly (P < 0 center dot 05) enriched the phylumFibrobacteresand genusFibrobacterin the microflora of rumen fluid, whilst the generaFlexilineaandDubosiellawere the most differentially abundant taxa in the control. Conclusions Increasing DCAD under HS conditions resulted in a greater concentration of total VFA without affecting rumen bacteria diversity or structure, although the enrichment of some cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic bacteria was observed. Significance and Impact of the Study The present study provides information on the modulation of rumen fermentation and microbial community through the increment of DCAD in Holstein dairy cows under HS conditions.
期刊：
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,2021年156:105114 ISSN：0165-2370
作者机构：
[Su, Yifeng; Huang, Shengxiong; Luo, Wei; Zhou, Nan; Zhou, Zhi; He, Qian] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Nan; Zhou, Zhi] Hunan Engn Res Ctr Biochar, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Sheng] Jiuzhitang Co Ltd, Changsha 410205, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Chinese herb residue;Kinetic analysis;No support catalytic;Pyrolysis
摘要：
Pyrolysis is a research hotspot for realizing Chinese Herb residue (CHR) treatment and resource utilization, but there is little reported about in-situ no support catalytic pyrolysis of CHR. In this work, kinetics and no support catalytic pyrolysis characteristics of CHR were studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer and a fix-bed reactor system, respectively. Three groups: Ni-Fe, Ni-Cu and Ni-Co add into CHR and three kinetic methods: Coats-Redfern (CR) method, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) method and Distributed Activation Energy Model(DAEM)use for calculate the activation energy, then analyses the gas, bio-oil and char of CHR pyrolysis. The results show that, catalysts can reduce the pyrolysis reaction activation energy. In FWO and DAEM model, the reaction activation energy will increase sharply if the conversion over 0.7. Compare with no catalyst group, add catalyst can restrain gas generation but good for oil production and char formation. Meanwhile, the surface of char is smoother than no catalyst. After test the char, we find that, metals of Ni, Fe, Cu and Co almost enrich in char, which may reuse as catalytic. This study may provide a feasible direction for the industrial application of CHR.
摘要：
Capsicum annuum is also known as chili which is one of the most important vegetable crops grown in the world. Breeding new varieties with heterosis could improve the quality of pepper, increase yield, growth potential, disease resistance, adaptability, and seed viability. To investigate the heterosis among three cross combinations of different parents, the mRNA-miRNA integrated analysis was performed. A total number of 22,659,009 to 36,423,818 clean data were generated from mRNA-seq with 81 libraries, and the unique mapped reads were from 35,495,567 (86.81%) to 46,466,622 (88.95%). The plant-hormone signal transduction pathway (40 genes) was detected with a higher DEG number. The SAUR32L, GID1, PYR1, EIN2. ERF1, PR1, JAR1-like, IAA from this pathway play a key role in plant development. From the miRNA-seq, the number of clean reads was ranging from 12,132,221 to 25,632,680. A total of 220 miRNAs were predicted in this study, and all of them were identified as novel miRNA. The top three candidate KEGG pathways of miRNA were ribosome signaling pathway (13 miRNAs), spliceosome pathway (13 miRNAs), and plant hormone signal transduction pathways (10 miRNAs). With the mRNA and miRNA integrated analysis, we found some key genes were regulated by some miRNAs. Among them, the scarecrow-like 6 protein can be up or down regulated by mir8, mir120, mir184, mir_214, mir125, and mir130. The function of Della protein was regulated by mir24, mir74, mir94, mir139, and mir190. This study contributes to understanding how heterosis regulates the traits, such as crop production, fruit weight, and fruit length.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal lung disease with limited treatment options. Icaritin is the active ingredient derived from the traditional Chinese medical plant Epimedium and possesses many biomedical activities. This study aimed to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of icaritin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. METHODS: To assess its preventative effects, bleomycin treated mice received 0, 0.04, 0.2, and 1 mg/kg of icaritin from day 1 onwards. To assess its therapeutic effects, bleomycin treated mice received 0 and 1 mg/kg of icaritin from day 15 onwards. Mice were sacrificed on day 21 and lung tissues were collected, stained with HE, Masson and immunohistochemistry. Q-PCR was used to measure Collagen I and Collagen III expression, western blotting was used to quantify α-SMA, Collagen I expression. Hydroxyproline content was measured using a biochemical method. NIH3T3 and HLF-1 cells were treated with TGF-β1with or without icaritin, and α-SMA, Collagen I were tested. PPARγ antagonist GW9662 and PPARγ-targeted siRNA were used to investigate the mechanism of icaritin in inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation. RESULTS: Both preventative and therapeutic administration of icaritin improved the histopathological changes, decreased Collagen and α-SMA, lowered hydroxyproline content in bleomycin-treated lung tissues. Icaritin decreased α-SMA and Collagen I expression in TGF-β1-stimulated NIH3T3 and HLF-1 cells. However, its effect in reducing α-SMA and Collagen I expression was suppressed when expression or activity of PPARγ was inhibited. CONCLUSIONS: Icaritin has therapeutic potential against pulmonary fibrosis via the inhibition of myofibroblast differentiation, which may be mediated by PPARγ.
通讯机构：
[Gong Chen; Xing Wang] C;College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
关键词：
Lyssa zampa;mitochondrial genome;phylogenetic position
摘要：
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Lyssa zampa was first reported. It is 15,314 by in length (GenBank accession number: MW435592) and consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The nucleotide composition is A (41.5%), C (11.1%), G (7.4%), and T (40.0%). Based on the sequences of complete mitogenome from 12 geometroid species and three drepanoid species as ingroups, and two noctuoid species as outgroups, the phylogenetic tree was constructed. The results showed that the closest relationship between Uraniidae and Epicopeiidae was strongly supported by Bayesian posterior probabilities values of 0.99.
作者：
Wang Shuangye;Zhao Yunlin;Xu Zhenggang*;Huang Tian;Yang Guiyan;...
期刊：
Russian Journal of Genetics,2021年57(9):1073-1081 ISSN：1022-7954
通讯作者：
Xu Zhenggang
作者机构：
[Wang Shuangye; Zhao Yunlin; Hu Zhiyuan; Huang Tian] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang Shuangye; Xu Zhenggang; Zhao Yunlin] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Key Lab Forestry Remote Sensing Based Big Data &, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yang Guiyan; Xu Zhenggang] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Key Lab Natl Forestry & Grassland Adm Management, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xu Zhenggang] K;Key Laboratory of Forestry Remote Sensing Based Big Data and Ecological Security for Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Western Forest Bio-Disaster, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
摘要：
Until now, only the complete mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) of Pelecanus occidentalis and Pelecanus crispus have been sequenced. In order to explore the characteristics of mtDNA of the two Pelecanidae species and analyze their phylogenetic relationship, the two mtDNA were compared with Ciconia ciconia as reference. The mtDNA of the P. occidentalis and P. crispus were determined with the size of 17, 286 bp and 16, 131 bp, respectively. Both sequences contain 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes. Gene of P. occidentalis and P. crispus are in the same arrangement and show positive AT skew and negative GC skew. There are some differences in intervals and overlap regions between the two species. The phylogenetic analysis show that the P. occidentalis and P. crispus grouped one branch and the relationship of Pelecanidae birds, Ciconiiformes birds and Spheniscifomes birds is relative. The study provid more genetic information for P. occidentalis and P. crispus, which is beneficial to the protection of them.
作者机构：
[Wang, Jing] Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hunan Int Joint Lab Anim Intestinal Ecol & Hlth, Lab Anim Nutr & Human Hlth, Changsha 410081, Peoples R China.;[Tan, Bie; Xiao, Yuxin; Wang, Jing] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Tan, Bie; Li, Jianjun; Xiao, Yuxin; Qi, Ming; Wang, Jing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Lab Anim Nutr Physiol & Metab Proc, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg,Natl Engn Lab P, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Qi, Ming] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 10008, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Bie Tan] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
摘要：
The study was to investigate the effect of early-weaning stress and proline (Pro) and putrescine (Put) supplementations on serum biochemical parameters and amino acids (AA) metabolism in suckling and post-weaning pigs. Blood and small intestinal mucosa were harvested from suckling piglets at 1, 7, 14, and 21 d of age and piglets on d 1, 3, 5, and 7 after weaning at 14 d of age, as well as from piglets received oral administration of Pro and Put from 1 to 14 d old. In suckling piglets, the serum glucose, albumin and total cholesterol levels were increased (P < 0.05) with increasing age, whereas the serum globulin, urea nitrogen (BUN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were lowered (P < 0.05). The concentrations of most serum AA and the AA transporters related gene expressions were highest in 7-d-old piglets (P < 0.05), whereas the phosphorylation status of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the small intestine increased in piglets from 1 to 21 d old (P < 0.05). Weaning at 14 d old increased (P < 0.05) the BUN and triglycerides levels in serum, as well as jejunal solute carrier family 7 member 6 (SLC7A6), ileal SLC36A1 and SLC1A1 mRNA abundances at d 1 or 3 post-weaning. Weaning also inhibited (P < 0.05) the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and its downstream ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and 4E-binding protein-1 (4EBP1) in the small intestine of weanling pigs. Oral administration of Put and Pro decreased (P < 0.05) serum ALP levels and increased (P < 0.05) intestinal SLC36A1 and SLC1A1 mRNA abundances and mTOR pathway phosphorylation levels in post-weaning pigs. Pro but not Put treatment enhanced (P < 0.05) serum Pro, arginine (Arg) and glutamine (Gln) concentrations of weaning-pigs. These findings indicated that early-weaning dramatically altered the biochemical blood metabolites, AA profile and intestinal mTOR pathway activity, and Pro and Put supplementations improved the AA metabolism and transportation as well as activated the intestinal mTOR pathway in weanling-pigs. Our study has an important implication for the broad application of Pro and Put in the weaning transition of piglets.
通讯机构：
[Li Li] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
Seed setting rate is one of the critical factors that determine rice yield. Grain formation is a complex biological process, whose molecular mechanism is yet to be improved. Here we investigated the function of an OVATE family protein, Embryo Sac Development 1 (ESD1), in the regulation of seed setting rate in rice (Oryza sativa) by examining its loss-of-function mutants generated via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated9 (Cas9) technology. ESD1 was predominantly expressed at Stage 6 of panicle development, especially in the ovules. esd1 mutants displayed reduced seed setting rates with normal stamen development and pollen tube growth but abnormal pistil group. Investigation of embryo sacs revealed that during the mitosis of functional megaspores, some egg cells degraded during differentiation in esd1 mutants, thereby hindering subsequent fertilization process and reducing seed setting rate. In addition, the transcriptional level of O. sativa anaphase-promoting complex 6, a reported embryo sac developing gene, was significantly reduced in esd1 mutants. These results support that ESD1 is an important modulator of ESD and seed setting rate in rice. Together, this finding demonstrates that ESD1 positively regulates the seed setting rate by controlling ESD in rice and has implications for the improvement of rice yield.
摘要：
Adsorption and desorption of p-arsanilic add (p-ASA) and rexarsone (ROX) on six soil minerals, including hematite (alpha-Fe2O3), goethite (alpha-FeOOH), ferrihydrite (Fe(OH)(3)), aluminum oxide (alpha-Al2O3), manganese oxide (gamma-MnO2), and kaolinite, were studied, and the impact of solution matrices on their adsorption was systematically evaluated. Adsorption of p-ASA/ROX on the metal (hydro)oxide and clay minerals occurred quickly (mostly within 2 h), and could be well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The apparent maximum adsorption capacities of alpha-Fe2O3, alpha-FeOOH, Fe(OH)(3), alpha-Al2O3, gamma-MnO2, and kaolinite (at an initial pH of 7.0) for p-ASA were 1.7, 0.9. 2.5, 0.08, 1.1, and 0.02 mu mol/m(2), while those for ROX were 1.6, 0.7. 2.4. 0.1. 0.5. and 0.05 mu mol/m(2). respectively. Besides adsorbing p-ASA/ROX, gamma-MnO2 also caused their oxidation. Experimental results suggest that formation of inner-sphere complexes through the arsonic acid group is the primary mechanism for adsorption of p-ASA/ROX on iron (hydro)oxides and -gamma-MnO2, while outer-sphere complexation plays a critical role in their adsorption on alpha-Al2O3 and kaolinite. Adsorption of p-ASA/ROX on the metal (hydro)oxide and clay minerals was affected by solution pH, co-existing metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, and Zn2+). oxyanions (H2PO4-, HCO3-, and SO42-), and humic acid. The solid-to-liquid partition coefficients of p-ASA during the desorption from alpha-Fe2O3, alpha-FeOOH, Fe(OH)(3), alpha-Al2O3, gamma-MnO2, and kaolinite were 0.47, 2.69,4.38, 0.03, 30.4, and 0.1 L/g, while those of ROX were 028, 1.68, 3.48, 0.02, 4.0, and 0.02 L/g, respectively. Agricultural soils with lower contents of organic carbon exhibited higher adsorption capacities towards p-ASA/ROX, which indicates that soil minerals play a key role in the adsorption of phenylarsonic acid compounds while organic matter could have strong inhibitory effect. These findings could help better understand and predict the transport and fate of p-ASA/ROX in surface soils with low contents of organic matter. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
The rice
OsFAH
gene functions identically to that of
Arabidopsis SSCD1
encoding FAH. Loss of
OsFAH
causes rice sterility.
Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) is the last enzyme in the tyrosine (Tyr) degradation pathway that is crucial for animals. By genetic analysis of the mutant of Short-day Sensitive Cell Death 1 gene encoding Arabidopsis FAH, we first found the pathway also plays a critical role in plants (Han et al., Plant Physiol 162:1956–1964, 2013). To further understand the role of the Tyr degradation pathway in plants, we investigated a biological function of the rice FAH. Firstly, the cDNA of rice FAH gene (OsFAH) was cloned and confirmed to be able to rescue the Arabidopsis Short-day Sensitive Cell Death 1 mutant defective in the FAH. Then, we identified the OsFAH T-DNA insertion mutant and generated the OsFAH RNA interference lines, and found that loss of OsFAH results in rice sterility. Furthermore, we analyzed expression of the OsFAH gene in roots, stems, leaves and young panicles at booting stage of rice and found that its transcript level was highest in young panicles and lowest in roots. In addition, the expression analysis of β-glucuronidase driven by OsFAH promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis showed that the OsFAH promoter was highly active in aerial tissues in vegetative stage, and sepals, filaments and stigma in reproductive stage. These results suggested that FAH plays an important role in rice fertility.
期刊：
Agricultural Water Management,2021年247:106727 ISSN：0378-3774
通讯作者：
Du, Taisheng
作者机构：
[Wu, Youjie] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Water Resources & Civil Engn, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Youjie; Du, Taisheng] China Agr Univ, Ctr Agr Water Res China, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Lixin] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis IUPUI, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
通讯机构：
[Du, Taisheng] C;China Agr Univ, Ctr Agr Water Res China, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Isotope enrichment;Deuterium deviations;Effective pathway length;Transpiration rate;Plant water transport
摘要：
Stable isotope signature of plant water contains essential information on water transport pathway and plant transpiration, which has been shown to be a powerful tracer in plant physiological and ecological processes. However, stable isotopes fractionation in processes of plant water transport and the relationship between transpiration rate (E) and effective pathway length (L) and their possible mechanisms are still largely mysterious and confusing. Here, we tested stable isotope signature of maize stem and leaf based on anatomical measurements and modeling, and propose a deuterium deviation in leaf water (Delta(d)) to understand variability leaf water isotope enrichment and transpiration. We found isotopes fractionation occurred in maize stems in arid area. Leaf transpiration rate was strongly affected by Delta(d). The data revealed L has a negative power relationship with E, with a single power function of L = 284.77E(-1.02); and the proportional deviation of leaf O-18 enrichment 1 -Delta(L)/Delta(E) is negatively correlated with E under low E (E 2.0 mmol m(-2) s(-1)) and, a positively relationship under high E (E > 2.0 mmol m(-2) s(-1)). Suggesting that a pivotal role of effective path length in driving variations in leaf transpiration rate. The deuterium deviation Delta(d) may have great potential to serve as a new diagnostic tool for understanding pathways of water transport in plant. Care should be taken when examining source-water and estimating roots water uptake using the stable isotope method in arid areas, and further study is needed to be carried out and confirm the conclusions across a range of environmental conditions and species.
通讯机构：
[Kehe Huang] C;College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China<&wdkj&>MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
关键词：
Deoxynivalenol;IPEC-J2 cell;Inflammation;NF-κB signal pathway;Phenethyl isothiocyanate
摘要：
The intestinal tract is a target for the deoxynivalenol (DON), which has adverse effects in animals and humans' health by affecting intestinal functions. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is an important degradation product of glucosinolates (GSLs), belonging to an anti-nutritional factor that affects the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the animals' intestinal. However, little attention has been paid to the interaction and its mechanism between DON and PEITC. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of PEITC on DON-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation, and explore the potential mechanisms in IPEC-J2 cells. Our results showed that DON exposure could decrease the cell viability and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in IPEC-J2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. PEITC treatment at the concentrations of 1.25-5 mu M had no significant effect on IPECJ2 cells viability, but above 10 mu M of PEITC treatment significantly reduced the cell viability. Interestingly, 1.25-5 mu M of PEITC treatment could suppress 4 mu M of DON-induced decrease in cell viability and increase in proinflammatory cytokine expression. Meanwhile, the protein ratios of p-p65/p-65 and p-I kappa B alpha/I kappa B alpha were markedly decreased in the groups treated with 1.25-5 mu M PEITC compared to DON exposure alone. However, the protective effects of PEITC treatment were significantly blocked after pre-treatment with LPS, NF-kappa B activator, in IPEC-J2 cells. In conclusion, these findings indicated that the nontoxic dose of PEITC could alleviate DONinduced cytotoxicity and inflammation responses via suppressing the NF-kappa B signaling pathway in IPEC-J2 cells. Our results provide a new theoretical basis for the rational addition of rapeseed meal in animal feedstuff.
通讯机构：
[Yuanliang Wang] H;Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
black soybean;E. cristatum;solid-state fermentation;nutritional value;isoflavones;antioxidant activity;HS-GC-IMS
摘要：
Comprehensive evaluation of the sustainability of paddy ecosystems is key to success in paddy ecosystem management. In this research, we propose a novel quantitative method for sustainability evaluation based on the net value of ecosystem services, which consists of a new elasticity-based sustainability evaluation framework for agricultural ecosystems. The sustainability of ecosystems, evaluated through ecosystem elasticity, is reflected in seven measurable indicators within three domains: ecological, which includes the proportion of paddy area, per capita cultivated land area, and annual waste water discharge per capita; economic, which includes the agricultural economy level and urbanization rate; and social, which includes education of farmers and rural medical level. The evaluation approach we propose constitutes an important contribution to sustainability evaluation methodology. We apply the proposed approach to evaluate the sustainability of China?s paddy ecosystems. The results suggest that the overall paddy ecosystem elasticity in China was on the rise in 2009e2017, indicating the weakening of anti interference ability and stability of the paddy ecosystem and the deterioration of paddy ecosystem sustainability. Our results also reveal obvious sustainability imbalance in paddy ecosystems across different regions of China. These findings offer empirical evidence substantiating the urgent need for Chinese governmental initiatives to improve the sustainability of paddy ecosystems, particularly those in the Northeastern region. The findings also necessitate inter-regional collaborations, especially collaborations between adjacent paddy ecosystems, to institute cross-regional standards and policies pertaining to the sustainability of paddy ecosystems. The results from the evaluations of China?s paddy ecosystems may serve as a wake-up call for other countries to assess the sustainability of their own ecosystems using the approach we propose. The findings are also likely to raise the awareness of ecosystem sustainability and its evaluation, and promote global ecosystem sustainability research. ? 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
