摘要：
The present study describes a rapid and sensitive HPLC method for the quantification of huperzine A (HupA) in Huperzia crispata (Huperziaceae). The sample extraction and preparation involved a simple, time-saving, single-solvent extraction, with each sample being analyzed within 12 min. The mobile phase was ammonium acetate (0.1 M, pH 6.0)-methanol (64 + 36, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection was at 308 nm. The calibration curve was linear from 0.049 to 7.84 μg (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9997), with intraday and interday precision RSD of less than 2%. The extraction recovery rate was over 98.49%. Quantification of HupA was performed using this modified method, and the content of HupA was 1.86 times higher in the whole plant of H. crispata (218.17 ±1.55 μg/g) than in that of H. serrata (117.03 ±2.97 μg/g). In the whole plant of H. crispata, HupA mainly accumulated in the actively growing shoot tips, the apical bud, and the 10 youngest leaves, reaching 455.23 ±2.97 μg/g. The content of HupA in the samples from sunshine-sheltered sites was 3.45 times higher than in that from sunshine-abundant sites. The satisfactory results indicate that this modified method can be applied in the quality control of large-scale Huperziaceae plant extracts and that changes should be made in the cultivation of H. crispata so as to maximize the production of HupA.
摘要：
The volatile components of a Chinese chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. longum Sendt) were identified at different levels of ripeness. The peppers at the green, ripening, and full color stages were investigated by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the main factors at each of the stages studied. Eighty-one volatile components were identified and quantified in this study. Twenty-two compounds were found at the green stage, forty-four at the ripening stage, and sixty-one at the full color stage. Qualitative and quantitative discrepancies were observed at the different levels of ripeness. Hexanal, 2-hexenal and propanoic acid-2-methyl-hexyl ester were the most abundant components at the green stage, while 2-pentanol was important at the ripening stage, and 3-hexen-1-ol was related to the full color stage.
作者机构：
[Qin YuZhi; Xiong XingYao; He ChangZheng] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort & Landscape, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Nie XianZhou] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada.;[Liu XuanMing; Guo Ming; Li Xu] Hunan Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Qin YuZhi; Xiong XingYao; He ChangZheng] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Crop Germplasm Innovat & Utili, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Nie XianZhou] A;Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada.
关键词：
chlorophyll;CIPK14;far-red light;inhibition of greening;POR;phytochrome A
摘要：
In this study, we show that CIPK14, a stress responsive CBL-interacting protein kinase gene, is involved in phytochrome A-mediated far-red light inhibition of greening in Arabidopsis seedlings. The CIPK14-impairment mutant cipk14 grown in continuous far-red (FR) light did not show greening when exposed to white light illumination for 15 h. By contrast, the FR-grown phytochrome A null mutant phyA greened within 0.5 h of exposure to white light. Although greening of Col-4 (wild-type) was not completely abolished by FR, it exhibited a significantly decreased greening capacity compared with that of phyA. Further analyses demonstrated that the expression of protochlorophyllide reductase (POR) genes was correlated with the greening ability of the genotypes. In addition, CIPK14 appeared to be regulated by both the circadian clock and PhyA. Taken together, these results suggest that CIPK14 plays a role in PhyA-mediated FR inhibition of seedling greening, and that a Ca-related kinase may be involved in a previously undefined branch point in the phytochrome A signaling pathway.
作者机构：
[谢永宏; 李峰] Dongting. Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;[于晓英] College of Horticulture and Landscapes, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[侯志勇] Dongting. Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China, College of Horticulture and Landscapes, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Hou, Z.-Y.] D;Dongting. Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, , Changsha 410125, China
摘要：
The F-box protein CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) plays a central role in jasmonate (JA) signaling and is required for all JA responses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). To dissect JA signal transduction, we isolated the partially suppressing coi1 (psc1) mutant, which partially suppressed coi1 insensitivity to JA inhibition of root growth. The psc1 mutant partially restored JA sensitivity in coi1-2 background and displayed JA hypersensitivity in wild-type COI1 background. Genetic mapping, sequence analysis, and complementation tests revealed that psc1 is a leaky mutation of DWARF4 (DWF4) that encodes a key enzyme in brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis. Physiological analysis showed that an application of exogenous BR eliminated the partial restoration of JA sensitivity by psc1 in coi1-2 background and the JA hypersensitivity of psc1 in wild-type COI1 background. Exogenous BR also attenuated JA inhibition of root growth in the wild type. In addition, the expression of DWF4 was inhibited by JA, and this inhibition was dependent on COI1. These results indicate that (1) BR is involved in JA signaling and negatively regulates JA inhibition of root growth, and (2) the DWF4 is down-regulated by JA and is located downstream of COI1 in the JA-signaling pathway.
作者机构：
[Wan, Qiang; Zou, Bingsuo; Hu, Song; Zeng, Ruosheng; Zhang, Tingting; Peng, Zhiwei] Hunan Univ, State Key Lab CSBC, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wan, Qiang; Zou, Bingsuo; Hu, Song; Zeng, Ruosheng; Zhang, Tingting; Peng, Zhiwei] Hunan Univ, Micronano Ctr, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zeng, Ruosheng] Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.;[Zhang, Tingting] Hunan Agr Univ, Inst Plant Source Utilizat, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Jincheng] S China Univ Technol, Inst Polymer Optoelect Mat & Devices, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wan, Qiang] H;Hunan Univ, State Key Lab CSBC, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
In this paper, we report a two-step aqueous synthesis of highly luminescent CdTe/CdSe core/shell quantum dots (QDs) via a simple method. The emission range of the CdTe/CdSe QDs can be tuned from 510 to 640 nm by controlling the thickness of the CdSe shell. Accordingly, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) of CdTe/CdSe QDs with an optimized thickness of the CdSe shell can reach up to 40%. The structures and compositions of the core/shell QDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments, and their formation mechanism is discussed. Furthermore, folate conjugated CdTe/CdSe QDs in Hela cells were assessed with a fluorescence microscope. The results show that folate conjugated CdTe/CdSe QDs could enter tumor cells efficiently.
作者机构：
[Distefano, Gaetano; Gentile, Alessandra; La Malfa, Stefano] Univ Catania, Dipartimento OrtoFloroArboricoltura & Tecnol Agro, I-95123 Catania, Italy.;[Vitale, Alessandro] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Fitosanit, I-95123 Catania, Italy.;[Lorito, Matteo] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Arboricoltura & Patol Vegetale, I-80055 Portici, NA, Italy.;[Deng, Ziniu] Hunan Agr Univ, Hort & Landscape Coll, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Gentile, Alessandra] Univ Catania, Dipartimento OrtoFloroArboricoltura & Tecnol Agro, Via Valdisavoia 5, I-95123 Catania, Italy.
通讯机构：
[Gentile, Alessandra] U;Univ Catania, Dipartimento OrtoFloroArboricoltura & Tecnol Agro, Via Valdisavoia 5, I-95123 Catania, Italy.
关键词：
Citrus limon;Defence response modification;Disease resistance assays;Real time PCR
摘要：
Constitutive over-expression of antifungal genes from microorganisms involved in plant defence mechanisms represents a promising strategy for conferring genetic resistance against a broad range of plant pathogenic fungi. In the present work, two transgenic lemon clones with the chit42 gene from Trichoderma harzianum were tested for resistance to fungal disease and expression level of defence-related genes was evaluated. Different resistance-related processes, such as production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR), were monitored in transgenic and wild type lemon clones inoculated with Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould in citrus. Expression of genes that encode gluthatione peroxidase (GPX), a producer of ROS, chitinases, glucanases (SAR), PAL, HPL, and AOS (ISR) was measured by quantitative PCR during the first 24 h after leaf inoculation. Leaves of transgenic lemon plants inoculated with B. cinerea showed significantly less lesion development than wild type leaves. Tissues from detached leaves of different transgenic lemon clones showed a significant correlation between resistance and transgene expression. On the other hand, the over-expression of the transgenic fungal gene enhanced by two-three folds transcript levels of genes associated with enhanced ROS production and ISR establishment, while the expression of native chitinase and glucanase genes involved in SAR was down-regulated.
作者机构：
[李本祥] College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[刘仲华; 王坤波] Natural Product Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[董新荣] College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China, Natural Product Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Dong, X.] C;College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, China
摘要：
The transcription factor WRKY70 was previously reported to be a common component in salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonate (JA) mediated signal pathways in Arabidopsis. Here, we present that the inactivation of the WRKY70 gene in wrky70-1 mutant does not alter the responses of both JA and SA, and that wrky70 mutation is unable to restore the coi1 mutant in JA responses. However, overexpression of WRKY70 reduces JA responses such as expression of JA-induced genes and JA-inhibitory root growth, and activates expression of SA-inducible PR1. These data indicate that the WRKY70 is important but not indispensable for JA and SA signaling, and that other regulators may display the redundant role with WRKY70 in modulation of JA and SA responses in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, we showed that JA inhibits expression of WRKY70 and PR1 by both COI1-dependent and COI1-independent pathways.
作者机构：
Engineering Department of Medical Resource, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[黄建安; 刘硕谦] Research Center of Natural Products, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[罗国安] Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;[刘新桃] Agriculture Department of Hunan Province, Changsha 410116, China;[刘仲华; 田娜] Engineering Department of Medical Resource, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China, Research Center of Natural Products, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Tian, N.] E;Engineering Department of Medical Resource, Hunan Agricultural University, China
