摘要：
Tea residues are rich in dietary fiber, most of which are insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). However, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) is reported to show a better health-promoting effect. In this paper, the Eurotium cristatum (E. cristatum) fermentation method was employed to prepare SDF from tea residues. The results showed that the yield of SDF in fermented SDF (FSDF) was higher than that in unfermented SDF (USDF). Meanwhile, an increased proportion of galactose and a looser microstructure were observed in FSDF. In addition, FSDF has more advantages than USDF in relieving colitis symptoms. FSDF is more effective in reversing weight loss, colon shortening, and tissue damage. Meanwhile, it has a better regulatory effect on the level of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10) and oxidative stress (CAT, T-SOD, and MDA). FSDF treatment more effectively restored gut microbiota composition toward normal parameters compared to USDF by upregulating Akkermanisa and Lachospiracae_NK4A136_group and downregulating Helicobacter and Alisitipes. In conclusion, fermentation treatment with E. cristatum contributed to the preparation efficiency and bioactive effect of SDF from tea residues. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of tea residues.
摘要：
Germplasm collection and conservation requires many efforts and resources. Core collection construction could both conserve genetic diversity and improve conservation efficiency. This study investigated the genetic diversity of tea plants [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] collected from four regions of Rucheng using 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and constructed a core collection set. A phylogenetic tree and population structure were conducted. A core set of 28 tea plants, approximately 10% of 279 tea plant individuals, was constructed to capture the samples' maximum genetic diversity. Compared to the original collection, the retention rates of Na, I, Ho, He, MAF, and PIC in the core collection were 106.4%, 118.8%, 103.1%, 112.2%, 68.1%, and 113.1%, respectively. The significance of core germplasm lies in identifying and conserving a set of representatives, diverse, and genetically advantageous genetic resources to support subsequent genetic improvement and breeding efforts. It could serve as a foundation for conserving valuable genetic materials and identifying loci associated with important horticultural traits, thereby empowering the development of new tea cultivars with enhanced efficiency. Furthermore, this approach contributes to optimizing breeding strategies, accelerating the selection process, and ensuring the sustainability of tea plant genetic resources for future generations.
摘要：
While flavonoid accumulation, light radiation, and cold stress are intrinsically connected in tea plants, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The circadian protein CCA1 and CCA1-like MYB transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in coordinating light and temperature signals in plant-environment interactions, their homologs in tea plants have not been addressed. Here we analyzed CsCCA1-like MYB subfamily in tea genome and found one member, a circadian gene CsMYB128 responding to cold stress. Antisense knockdown of CsMYB128 in tea buds rendered cold tolerance in cold tolerance tests. Metabolite profiling, yeast hybrid and promoter trans-activation assays further demonstrated that CsMYB128 negatively regulated flavonol biosynthesis by repressing CsFLS1 in flavonol biosynthesis and CsCBF1 in cold tolerance. Given CsCBF1 also activated CsMYB128 transcription, the negative feedback regulation loop indicates a balance between tea plant growth promoted by CsMYB128 and cold tolerance meanwhile growth inhibition by CsCBF1. Moreover, CsICE1 interacted with and inhibited CsMYB128 repressor activity to promote cold tolerance. CsMYB128 is thus characterized as an early cold-responsive gene negatively regulating tea plant cold response and balancing tea plant growth and cold tolerance. This study provides insights into the roles of CCA1-like subfamily MYB TFs in regulating tea plant growth and interactions with environments.
While flavonoid accumulation, light radiation, and cold stress are intrinsically connected in tea plants, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The circadian protein CCA1 and CCA1-like MYB transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in coordinating light and temperature signals in plant-environment interactions, their homologs in tea plants have not been addressed. Here we analyzed CsCCA1-like MYB subfamily in tea genome and found one member, a circadian gene CsMYB128 responding to cold stress. Antisense knockdown of CsMYB128 in tea buds rendered cold tolerance in cold tolerance tests. Metabolite profiling, yeast hybrid and promoter trans-activation assays further demonstrated that CsMYB128 negatively regulated flavonol biosynthesis by repressing CsFLS1 in flavonol biosynthesis and CsCBF1 in cold tolerance. Given CsCBF1 also activated CsMYB128 transcription, the negative feedback regulation loop indicates a balance between tea plant growth promoted by CsMYB128 and cold tolerance meanwhile growth inhibition by CsCBF1. Moreover, CsICE1 interacted with and inhibited CsMYB128 repressor activity to promote cold tolerance. CsMYB128 is thus characterized as an early cold-responsive gene negatively regulating tea plant cold response and balancing tea plant growth and cold tolerance. This study provides insights into the roles of CCA1-like subfamily MYB TFs in regulating tea plant growth and interactions with environments.
作者机构：
[Herao Wu; Ying Chen; Ye Cui; Qingyan Ren; Meifeng Li; Jianjun Liu; Taolin Chen] College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China;[Zhiwen Ge; Yinping Liao] Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Liuzhou, Liuzhou, 545001, China;[Xifu Wang; Jiajia Meng] Forestry Research Institute of Liuzhou, Liuzhou, 545300, China;[Xuemei Yang; Zhiping Chen] Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Rongshui, Liuzhou, 545300, China;[Meili Chen] Greening Construction Development Center of Liuzhou, Liuzhou, 545001, China
通讯机构：
[Mingzhi Zhu] Y;Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
摘要：
Camellia yungkianensis (RJC) is a special wild tea germplasm characterized with high polyphenol and theobromine and low caffeine contents. However, the bioactive properties of RJC-derived teas remain uncharacterized. This study characterizes the metabolomic profile and bioactivity of black tea (BT) and white tea (WT) from Camellia yungkianensis (RJC) compared to conventional teas using standardized processing and analytical methods. RJC-BT and RJC-WT exhibited distinct floral and fruity aroma profiles identified via sensory evaluation. A total of 833 non-volatile metabolites across 15 structural categories were identified in metabolomic analyses, showing significant differences in metabolite abundance compared to other teas. RJC demonstrated superior antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, demonstrated by in vitro assays. Higher theobromine, hydrolysable tannins, C, GC, and flavone levels in RJC were positively associated with elevated theobromine and flavones with these bioactivities ( p < 0.05). These findings suggest RJC's potential as a functional tea and support its development for specialized markets.
Camellia yungkianensis (RJC) is a special wild tea germplasm characterized with high polyphenol and theobromine and low caffeine contents. However, the bioactive properties of RJC-derived teas remain uncharacterized. This study characterizes the metabolomic profile and bioactivity of black tea (BT) and white tea (WT) from Camellia yungkianensis (RJC) compared to conventional teas using standardized processing and analytical methods. RJC-BT and RJC-WT exhibited distinct floral and fruity aroma profiles identified via sensory evaluation. A total of 833 non-volatile metabolites across 15 structural categories were identified in metabolomic analyses, showing significant differences in metabolite abundance compared to other teas. RJC demonstrated superior antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, demonstrated by in vitro assays. Higher theobromine, hydrolysable tannins, C, GC, and flavone levels in RJC were positively associated with elevated theobromine and flavones with these bioactivities ( p < 0.05). These findings suggest RJC's potential as a functional tea and support its development for specialized markets.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Y; Feng, XX ] S;[Liu, Y ] N;Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.;Ningxia Univ, Sch Food Sci & Engn, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.
关键词：
key taste-active compounds;metabolomics;oolong tea;quantitative measurements;recombination experiments and omission tests
摘要：
A lack of knowledge regarding taste-active compounds of Oolong tea limits the improvement of product quality. Nontargeted metabolomics and sensory quantitative descriptive analyses were performed on two representative oolong teas, resulting in 41 compounds screened for their relevance to taste characteristics, and they were quantitated. Combined taste dose-overthreshold (DoT > 1) factors with key differentiators, reconstitution of ten selected compounds successfully replicated the authentic tea infusion. To further narrow down the number of key taste compounds, omission experiments showed that simplified reconstitution models did not differ significantly from the taste of the authentic tea infusion. Epigallocatechin gallate, caffeine (CAF), kaempferol 3- O -rutinoside (kaempferol 3- O -rut), myricetin-3- O -rutinoside (myricetin-3- O -rut), quercetin 3-arabinoside (quercetin 3-ara), quercetin 3- O -galactoside (quercetin 3- O -gal), quinic acid were the key taste compounds of Rougui tea, while CAF, kaempferol 3- O -rut, quercetin 3-ara, quercetin 3- O -gal, gallic acid, quinic acid were key compounds for Dongding tea taste. This study provides guidance for oolong tea taste improvement.
作者机构：
[Jitao Liu; Li Wang; Chengchen Li; Jianwei Shan; Kang An; Kun Yang] Research Institute of Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.;College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Xiaobo Li] Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Research Institute of Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;[Xingyao Xiong] Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Xiaobo Li; Xingyao Xiong] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Research Institute of Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
Enzymatic browning is a major issue in potato processing, causing a decline in both nutritional value and quality. Although there are numerous studies on the mechanism of enzymatic browning of potato tubers, few relevant reports are available on the changes at the transcriptome level during enzymatic browning as well as on the differences in the browning process of potato tubers with differing degrees of enzymatic browning potential. To gain insights into the molecular mechanism of enzymatic browning after cutting, this study presents the transcriptional characterization of temporal molecular events during enzymatic browning of browning-resistant (BR) and browning-susceptible (BS) potato tubers. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis detected 19,377 and 13,741 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BR and BS tubers, respectively, with similar function enrichment observed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the pathways related to phenol and lipid biosynthesis, while the down-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the pathways related to programmed cell death. Significant redox-related pathways occurred earlier in BS tubers compared to the BR tubers. Further analysis revealed that the BS tubers had a stronger phenolic synthesis ability compared to the BR tubers. However, the BR tubers showed a stronger free radical scavenging ability compared to the BS tubers. The results of our study provide insights into the temporal molecular events that occur during the enzymatic browning of potato tubers after cutting and the potential molecular mechanisms for different degrees of enzymatic browning.
作者机构：
[Haiyun Gao] Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330115, China;[Xuan Liu; Changli Liu; Xianan Zhang; Wei Gao] School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;These authors contributed equally to this work.;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.;[Yifeng Zhang] State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
通讯机构：
[Luqi Huang; Yating Hu] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
摘要：
The medicinal plant Siraitia grosvenorii produces sweet-tasting cucurbitane-type mogrosides from the atypical triterpenoid precursor 2,3,22,23-dioxidosqualene (SDO), rather than the conventional 2,3-oxidosqualene (SQO). However, SDO formation in mogroside biosynthesis remains unclear. Here, we systematically characterized two squalene epoxidases (SgSQE1/2) through phylogenetic analysis, heterologous expression, subcellular localization, qRT-PCR, and alanine scanning studies. Both SgSQE1 and SgSQE2 exhibited squalene epoxidase activity, with SgSQE2 catalyzing SDO formation in yeast. We identified two critical catalytic residues governing epoxidation efficiency through mutagenesis. Both SgSQEs were localized in the ER, while expression profiling revealed a similar trend between SgSQE2 expression and mogroside accumulation in fruits. In our study, we developed a genomically engineered strategy for heterologous SQE characterization. These results lay the foundation for the SQE catalytic reaction involved in mogroside biosynthesis, and provide gene resources and a feasible approach for triterpene metabolic engineering.
摘要：
Uncaria rhynchophylla, a medicinal plant extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine, is an important plant source of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), but the mechanism of TIA biosynthesis at molecular level remains unclear. Geraniol synthase (GES) serves as a crucial enzyme in catalyzing the formation of geraniol from geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) in various plants, but the functional characterization of the GES gene in U. rhynchophylla has not been investigated. In this study, a GES was identified and characterized through genome mining and bioinformatic analysis. Functional validation was performed via a protein catalysis experiment, transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induction experiments. The full-length UrGES gene was 1761 bp, encoding a protein product of 586 amino acids with an estimated 67.5 kDa molecular weight. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis placed UrGES within the terpene synthase g (TPS-g) subfamily, showing high similarity to known GESs from other plants. Enzymatic assays confirmed that recombinant UrGES catalyzed GPP conversion to a single product of geraniol. The transient expression of UrGES resulted in geraniol accumulation in N. benthamiana, further confirming its function in vivo. UrGES expression was observed in leaves, stems, and roots, where leaves had the highest transcript levels. Moreover, MeJA treatment significantly upregulated UrGES expression, which positively correlated with an increase in alkaloid content. This study functionally characterizes UrGES as a geraniol synthase in U. rhynchophylla, contributing to the current knowledge of the TIA biosynthetic pathway. These findings may offer insights for future metabolic engineering aiming to enhance TIA yields for pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
摘要：
The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a notorious invasive pest wreaking havoc on various crops globally. Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) are viral pathogens that specially target lepidopteran pests. However, the homologous virus, Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), has not been commercialized in China. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying heterologous virus-host interactions can inform the design of virus-based insecticides for controlling S. frugiperda. The pathogenicity of the four heterologous NPVs on S. frugiperda varied greatly. Mamestra brassicae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (MbMNPV) exhibited the most potent virulence on larvae and induced the most robust sublethal effects on adults. Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) infection was characterized by more moderate pathogenicity, and larvae were relatively resistant to Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) and Spodoptera litura multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlMNPV). Larval mortality was virus-concentration and larval stage dependent. Specifically, the corrected mortality rate of third instar larvae after treatment with 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 OBs/mL MbMNPV was 88.9 %, 100.0 %, and 100.0 %, respectively. All four NPVs negatively affected the longevity and fecundity of S. frugiperda adults. Female adults surviving treatment with MbMNPV and SeMNPV were unable to lay eggs. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MbMNPV infection might suppress the antiviral immune response, and dysregulate biological pathways of S. frugiperda larvae to facilitate systemic infection. However, the overall transcript profiles remain unchanged after SlMNPV infection. The results reinforce the potential of NPVs, specifically MbMNPV, as potent biocontrol agents for S. frugiperda. These findings yield valuable insights into the complex arms race between S. frugiperda and NPVs that may advance the development of virus-based strategies to mitigate the destructive impact of this pest.
The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a notorious invasive pest wreaking havoc on various crops globally. Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) are viral pathogens that specially target lepidopteran pests. However, the homologous virus, Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), has not been commercialized in China. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying heterologous virus-host interactions can inform the design of virus-based insecticides for controlling S. frugiperda. The pathogenicity of the four heterologous NPVs on S. frugiperda varied greatly. Mamestra brassicae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (MbMNPV) exhibited the most potent virulence on larvae and induced the most robust sublethal effects on adults. Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) infection was characterized by more moderate pathogenicity, and larvae were relatively resistant to Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) and Spodoptera litura multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlMNPV). Larval mortality was virus-concentration and larval stage dependent. Specifically, the corrected mortality rate of third instar larvae after treatment with 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 OBs/mL MbMNPV was 88.9 %, 100.0 %, and 100.0 %, respectively. All four NPVs negatively affected the longevity and fecundity of S. frugiperda adults. Female adults surviving treatment with MbMNPV and SeMNPV were unable to lay eggs. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MbMNPV infection might suppress the antiviral immune response, and dysregulate biological pathways of S. frugiperda larvae to facilitate systemic infection. However, the overall transcript profiles remain unchanged after SlMNPV infection. The results reinforce the potential of NPVs, specifically MbMNPV, as potent biocontrol agents for S. frugiperda. These findings yield valuable insights into the complex arms race between S. frugiperda and NPVs that may advance the development of virus-based strategies to mitigate the destructive impact of this pest.
摘要：
Gelsemium elegans a plant of the Loganiaceae family, is highly toxic and contains many alkaloids of potential pharmacological value. Koumine, is the most abundant component of G. elegans , and belongs to monoterpene indole alkaloids and is valued in medical research as it has important anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic properties. The biosynthesis pathway of this compound has been little studied, and is poorly understood, limiting the ability to improve koumine production via breeding or synthetic biology. To investigate G. elegans biosynthesis of koumine, its genomes was sequenced and assembled (331.82 Mb) and a comprehensive transcriptome cDNA library from different tissues and hormone treatments constructed and sequenced using PacBio (10.9 Gb subreads). Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, we identified 29 alkaloids in extracts of G. elegans and analyzed their synthesis and accumulation in different tissues and this data was compared to the transcriptomic data to identify 20 candidate genes likely to be involved in the synthesis of koumine. Finally, a preliminary validation of the functions of two candidate genes GeLAMT and GeTDC were performed and found that both proteins catalyze the production of products in koumine biosynthesis. This data provides a rich molecular resource for the study of G. elegans , as well as the first functional validation of genes in G. elegans , that will help to inform further MIA biosynthetic pathway studies.
Gelsemium elegans a plant of the Loganiaceae family, is highly toxic and contains many alkaloids of potential pharmacological value. Koumine, is the most abundant component of G. elegans , and belongs to monoterpene indole alkaloids and is valued in medical research as it has important anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic properties. The biosynthesis pathway of this compound has been little studied, and is poorly understood, limiting the ability to improve koumine production via breeding or synthetic biology. To investigate G. elegans biosynthesis of koumine, its genomes was sequenced and assembled (331.82 Mb) and a comprehensive transcriptome cDNA library from different tissues and hormone treatments constructed and sequenced using PacBio (10.9 Gb subreads). Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, we identified 29 alkaloids in extracts of G. elegans and analyzed their synthesis and accumulation in different tissues and this data was compared to the transcriptomic data to identify 20 candidate genes likely to be involved in the synthesis of koumine. Finally, a preliminary validation of the functions of two candidate genes GeLAMT and GeTDC were performed and found that both proteins catalyze the production of products in koumine biosynthesis. This data provides a rich molecular resource for the study of G. elegans , as well as the first functional validation of genes in G. elegans , that will help to inform further MIA biosynthetic pathway studies.
关键词：
Pu-erh tea;fruity/floral aroma;smoky aroma;storage time
摘要：
There is a lack of theoretical evidence regarding the transformation of the aroma of Pu-erh tea (raw tea) during long-term storage. In this study, we comprehensively investigate the aroma characteristics of Pu-erh tea (raw tea) from the same manufacturer, stored for different storage times (7-21 years). Sensory evaluation and qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile substances were performed on the experimental samples. The results showed that the aroma of Pu-erh tea (raw tea) changed from fruity/floral to smoky and fragrance during the storage process. A total of 290 volatiles were identified by HS-SPME/GC×GC-Q-TOF-MS. The key substances for the fruity/floral aroma are fenchene, (E)-1,2,3-trimethyl-4-propenyl-Naphthalene, (+/--theaspirane, and decanal, and the key substances for the smoky aroma were 2-ethyl-Furan, camphene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-Benzene, and cis-β-Ocimene. The key aroma substances for the fragrance aroma are 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-Cyclohexene, α-Terpinene, trans-β-Ocimene, (E,E)-2,4-Heptadienal, octanal, 2,5-Dimethoxyethylbenzene, 2,4-Dimethylanisole, 1,2,3-Trimethoxybenzene, and 3,4-Dimethoxytoluene. This study helps us to understand further the aroma changes of Pu-erh tea (raw tea) during long-term storage.
通讯机构：
[Cao, FX ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
In this work, a robust "turn-on" NIR fluorescent probe Cx-Cys was constructed for cysteine detection and imaging in Arabidopsis thaliana. Specifically, a 1,8-naphthalimide-based NIR fluorophore was used as the signaling group, while the acrylate group served as the recognition moiety for cysteine as well as the fluorescence quenching group. The probe shows a remarkable NIR response toward cysteine in the infrared region (718 nm), and a large Stokes shift (103 nm). Cx-Cys displayed high sensitivity and selectivity to cysteine with low detection limits of 73 nM over other amino acids and bio-thiols. Impressively, it was applied to obtain images of Arabidopsis thaliana and enabled visualization of cysteine content changes under external stimulations in root tips in vivo. Cx-Cys was also used to monitor the dynamic changes of the cysteine pool after incubation in cysteine solutions.
摘要：
The decline in differentiation capacity during skeletal muscle (SkM) aging contributes to the deterioration of skeletal muscle function and impairs regenerative ability. Epicatechin gallate (ECG), a major functional component of catechins found in tea, has an unclear role in aging-related sarcopenia. In vivo experiments in 54-week-old C57BL/6J mice showed that ECG treatment improved exercise performance, muscle mass, and fiber morphology and downregulated the expression of the testosterone metabolic enzyme gene UGT2A3 in aged mice. In vitro experiments with Leydig cells (TM3) demonstrated that ECG upregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of testosterone synthase genes, including StAR, P450scc, 3β-HSD, CYP17a1, and 17β-HSD. Network pharmacology analysis further suggested that ECG can influence testosterone secretion through the regulation of cytokines, thereby promoting skeletal muscle differentiation. These findings indicate that ECG enhances the differentiation of skeletal muscle cells by modulating testosterone levels, which helps alleviate age-related muscle function decline.
摘要：
Siraitia grosvenorii , a important economic crop is now used as a sweetener because its bioactive compound, mogroside V, has high sweetness with zero calories. However, mogroside V only accumulates in S. grosvenorii fruits, and its content is low. Enhancing the production of mogroside V has become a major commercial and scientific endeavor. TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factors (TFs) have a key role in regulating secondary metabolite biosynthesis, however, their role in regulating mogroside V is unclear. In this study, twenty-four SgTCP genes were identified based on genome-wide analysis and classified into two subgroups according to phylogenetic analysis. Based on the expression levels in different fruit development stages, co-expression network showed that SgTCP24 had a strong positive correlation with SgSQE , SgCS , and SgCYP87D18 . Through the subcellular localization, yeast one hybrid, dual-luciferase, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay it was shown that SgTCP24 can directly bind and activate the expression of these three genes. When SgTCP24 was over-expressed in S. grosvenorii fruits, the production of mogroside V increased. Conversely, the content of mogroside V decreased in lines subjected to virus induced silencing. Our results provide a major insight into the molecular mechanism of TCP TFs in regulating the mogroside V biosynthesis, and offers a new method for enhancing the content of mogroside V in plants.
Siraitia grosvenorii , a important economic crop is now used as a sweetener because its bioactive compound, mogroside V, has high sweetness with zero calories. However, mogroside V only accumulates in S. grosvenorii fruits, and its content is low. Enhancing the production of mogroside V has become a major commercial and scientific endeavor. TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factors (TFs) have a key role in regulating secondary metabolite biosynthesis, however, their role in regulating mogroside V is unclear. In this study, twenty-four SgTCP genes were identified based on genome-wide analysis and classified into two subgroups according to phylogenetic analysis. Based on the expression levels in different fruit development stages, co-expression network showed that SgTCP24 had a strong positive correlation with SgSQE , SgCS , and SgCYP87D18 . Through the subcellular localization, yeast one hybrid, dual-luciferase, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay it was shown that SgTCP24 can directly bind and activate the expression of these three genes. When SgTCP24 was over-expressed in S. grosvenorii fruits, the production of mogroside V increased. Conversely, the content of mogroside V decreased in lines subjected to virus induced silencing. Our results provide a major insight into the molecular mechanism of TCP TFs in regulating the mogroside V biosynthesis, and offers a new method for enhancing the content of mogroside V in plants.
摘要：
Decaffeinated teas (DTs) are preferred for their low caffeine content, but their flavor was unsatisfactory. To explore and optimize the flavor of DT decaffeinated by supercritical carbon dioxide (SCD), the volatiles and non-volatiles were analyzed using mass spectrometry. Results showed that SCD results in the loss of the original tea flavor by reducing the volatiles associated with floral aroma and non-volatiles related to sweet and mellow. Scenting significantly optimized the comprehensive flavor of DTs by blending DTs with fresh jasmine. The aroma of DTs was improved by absorbing the high concentration of volatiles released by jasmine, and their jasmine taste resulted from the subsequent release of methyl anthranilate dissolved in tea infusion. Jasmine decaffeinated tea with a powerful and long-lasting jasmine aroma can be obtained with 100 % amount of flowers. The scenting provided in this study can effectively optimize the flavor of DTs, thereby positively impacting the development of DTs.
Decaffeinated teas (DTs) are preferred for their low caffeine content, but their flavor was unsatisfactory. To explore and optimize the flavor of DT decaffeinated by supercritical carbon dioxide (SCD), the volatiles and non-volatiles were analyzed using mass spectrometry. Results showed that SCD results in the loss of the original tea flavor by reducing the volatiles associated with floral aroma and non-volatiles related to sweet and mellow. Scenting significantly optimized the comprehensive flavor of DTs by blending DTs with fresh jasmine. The aroma of DTs was improved by absorbing the high concentration of volatiles released by jasmine, and their jasmine taste resulted from the subsequent release of methyl anthranilate dissolved in tea infusion. Jasmine decaffeinated tea with a powerful and long-lasting jasmine aroma can be obtained with 100 % amount of flowers. The scenting provided in this study can effectively optimize the flavor of DTs, thereby positively impacting the development of DTs.
摘要：
C-peptide is a critical biomarker for evaluating pancreatic β cell function and managing diabetes. However, conventional methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are limited by lengthy processing times and the necessity for invasive sample collection. This study introduces a regenerable, portable, and wearable device for minimally invasive, real-time monitoring of C-peptide in dermal interstitial fluid (ISF). The device uses a microneedle array and negative pressure extraction for ISF collection. A double-antibody sandwich approach was used to detect C-peptide, and an antibody regeneration strategy was applied to remove bound antigen-antibody complexes, thereby achieving repeatable detection, enabling at least 10 detection assays on the same chip with negligible signal attenuation. The compact design features a skin contact area of only 3 cmby5.4 cm and excellent biocompatibility. Integrated with a mobile app, the device provides real-time concentration reading. Mouse and rabbit tests confirm effective ISF sampling and monitoring accuracy, demonstrating its potential for at-home diabetes management and broader wearable biosensing applications.
通讯机构：
[Tian, LL ] S;[Huang, J ; Tian, LL] H;Shandong Acad Agr Sci, Tea Res Inst, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Key Lab Tea Sci, Minist Educ, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Natl Res Ctr Engn Technol Utilizat Funct Ingredien, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Culture of plant tissue;Contamination;Coriolus versicolor polysaccharide;Camellia sinensis L;Sustainability
摘要：
Plant tissue culture often suffers from latent infections, leading to significant losses in both research laboratories and industrial production. This study introduces an innovative strategy by incorporating Coriolus versicolor polysaccharide (CVP) into tea plant tissue culture systems to control latent infections without compromising plant growth. The standard Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with agar, sucrose, 6-Benzyladenine (BA), and Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), was further enriched with CVP. A concentration of 6 mg/L CVP was identified as the most effective for inducing somatic embryos from tea seeds (using MS + 4.0 mg/L 6-BA + 1.0 mg/L IBA) and callus formation from tea leaves (under MS with 3.5–4.0 mg/L 6-BA + 1.5–2.0 mg/L IBA). Histological studies and assessments of antioxidant enzyme activities were performed to analyze the frequency of embryogenesis and callus formation at different CVP concentrations. The findings reveal that optimized CVP supplementation significantly enhances the proliferation of tea callus and embryogenic tissues, improves overall culture growth, and effectively suppresses endogenous infections, although some degree of cytotoxicity was noted. Overall, the findings represent a promising stride towards alleviating latent infections in plant tissue culture, offering potential benefits for both research and commercial applications.
Plant tissue culture often suffers from latent infections, leading to significant losses in both research laboratories and industrial production. This study introduces an innovative strategy by incorporating Coriolus versicolor polysaccharide (CVP) into tea plant tissue culture systems to control latent infections without compromising plant growth. The standard Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with agar, sucrose, 6-Benzyladenine (BA), and Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), was further enriched with CVP. A concentration of 6 mg/L CVP was identified as the most effective for inducing somatic embryos from tea seeds (using MS + 4.0 mg/L 6-BA + 1.0 mg/L IBA) and callus formation from tea leaves (under MS with 3.5–4.0 mg/L 6-BA + 1.5–2.0 mg/L IBA). Histological studies and assessments of antioxidant enzyme activities were performed to analyze the frequency of embryogenesis and callus formation at different CVP concentrations. The findings reveal that optimized CVP supplementation significantly enhances the proliferation of tea callus and embryogenic tissues, improves overall culture growth, and effectively suppresses endogenous infections, although some degree of cytotoxicity was noted. Overall, the findings represent a promising stride towards alleviating latent infections in plant tissue culture, offering potential benefits for both research and commercial applications.
摘要：
Purple teas are gaining popularity due to their significant health benefits. This study analyzed flavonoid metabolites in the second leaves of three purple tea varieties with stable purple shoots-’Hongfei’ (HF), ‘Danfei’ (DF), and ‘Ziya 24′ (ZY24)-using UPLC-MS/MS, with ‘Yinghong 9′ (YH9), a green tea, as the control. The most abundant anthocyanins were cyanidin-3- O -glucoside, cyanidin- O -syringic acid, and pelargonidin-3- O -glucoside in HF, while ZY24 and DF accumulated additional delphinidin and petunidin derivatives. DF also contained malvidin-3- O -galactoside. Furthermore, 22 significantly enriched non-anthocyanin flavonoids were identified as potential co-pigments contributing to the vibrant leaf coloration. These findings reveal key anthocyanin and flavonoid profiles responsible for the distinct purple hues in the tender shoots of different purple tea varieties.
Purple teas are gaining popularity due to their significant health benefits. This study analyzed flavonoid metabolites in the second leaves of three purple tea varieties with stable purple shoots-’Hongfei’ (HF), ‘Danfei’ (DF), and ‘Ziya 24′ (ZY24)-using UPLC-MS/MS, with ‘Yinghong 9′ (YH9), a green tea, as the control. The most abundant anthocyanins were cyanidin-3- O -glucoside, cyanidin- O -syringic acid, and pelargonidin-3- O -glucoside in HF, while ZY24 and DF accumulated additional delphinidin and petunidin derivatives. DF also contained malvidin-3- O -galactoside. Furthermore, 22 significantly enriched non-anthocyanin flavonoids were identified as potential co-pigments contributing to the vibrant leaf coloration. These findings reveal key anthocyanin and flavonoid profiles responsible for the distinct purple hues in the tender shoots of different purple tea varieties.
摘要：
Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun, known as “sweet tea”, is a Fagaceae family plant with significant commercial and medicinal value. This study evaluated the genetic diversity and created DNA fingerprints of 38 L. litseifolius germplasm resources collected from 12 provinces across China. Double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (dd-RAD-seq) was used to develop single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A total of 4864 SNPs were selected for characterizing the population genetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the 38 L. litseifolius accessions into four main clusters, which was supported by principal component analysis (PCA) results. Structure analysis also divided the accessions into four subpopulations, consistent with the phylogenetic tree and PCA results. KASP primers were designed for 151 SNP loci, of which 108 (71.5%) were successfully converted into Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) and observed heterozygosity for these 108 SNPs were 0.366 and 0.321, respectively. A total of 9 KASP marks were successfully developed, demonstrating strong polymorphism and sufficient differentiation capability to distinguish among 38 cultivars of L. litseifolius. The SNP fingerprinting and genetic analysis conducted in this study offer a scientific foundation for screening and identifying L. litseifolius genetic resources, and expanding the genetic knowledge of L. litseifolius.
作者机构：
[Tian Lili; Yao Yuantao] Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;[Li Juan; Lin Haiyan; Huang Jian′an] Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Tian Lili] <&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[Tian Lili; Li Juan; Lin Haiyan; Huang Jian′an] <&wdkj&>National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Tian Lili] T;[Huang Jian′an] K;Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;<&wdkj&>National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;<&wdkj&>Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
关键词：
different latitude;tea leaves;composition and structural changes;cold resistance
摘要：
In this study, we selected three tea ( Camellia sinensis ) varieties (Lucha 1, HuangJincha 2, Xueyacha 100). Lucha 1 exhibited the highest levels of sugars suggesting a link between the levels of these three sugars and cold resistance. Varying tea polyphenol and amino acid content in analyzed tea plant samples were associated with differences in leaf palisade tissue and spongy tissue thickness. The leaves of Lucha 1 were thicker, with thinning of the upper epidermis, thickening of the lower epidermis and spongy tissue, and tightening of the palisade tissue, increased stomatal density, and a waxy epidermis with visible crystals. Xueyacha 100 exhibited no epidermal waxy crystallization in the analyzed leaf tissues. Lucha 1 and Xueyacha 100 leaf cells contained chloroplasts rich in osmophilic granules, thylakoids, starch granules, and graminaceous granules. Latitude thus impacts tea leaf structure and composition and associated cold resistance, providing a foundation for selecting cold-resistant tea germplasm resources.
In this study, we selected three tea ( Camellia sinensis ) varieties (Lucha 1, HuangJincha 2, Xueyacha 100). Lucha 1 exhibited the highest levels of sugars suggesting a link between the levels of these three sugars and cold resistance. Varying tea polyphenol and amino acid content in analyzed tea plant samples were associated with differences in leaf palisade tissue and spongy tissue thickness. The leaves of Lucha 1 were thicker, with thinning of the upper epidermis, thickening of the lower epidermis and spongy tissue, and tightening of the palisade tissue, increased stomatal density, and a waxy epidermis with visible crystals. Xueyacha 100 exhibited no epidermal waxy crystallization in the analyzed leaf tissues. Lucha 1 and Xueyacha 100 leaf cells contained chloroplasts rich in osmophilic granules, thylakoids, starch granules, and graminaceous granules. Latitude thus impacts tea leaf structure and composition and associated cold resistance, providing a foundation for selecting cold-resistant tea germplasm resources.
