作者机构：
[Hao Zuo; Jian Zhao] Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;[Xiongyuan Si] Biotechnology Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China;[Zhili Ye; Ziqing Zheng; Jinsong Wang; Qinyu Zhong; Xiaoyu Mu; Zhoufang Yuan; Yin Huang; Zainab Ghazala; Yaling Li; Xiaoyu Liang; Yujia Qi; Yanrui Zhang; Enhua Xia; Penghui Li] State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
通讯机构：
[Jian Zhao] K;[Penghui Li] S;Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
摘要：
Caffeine is a defensive alkaloid primarily accumulated in tea leaves to defend against pathogens. But the regulatory mechanism for caffeine biosynthesis in response to fungal infection and the trade-off between specialised metabolite and plant growth remain elusive. Here, we report that jasmonic acid (JA)-regulated CsMYB184 is the key for caffeine biosynthesis in tea leaves. Exogenous MeJA promoted caffeine biosynthesis in tea leaves and enhanced the resistance against fungal pathogens. JASMONATE ZIM-domain proteins (JAZs) interacted with CsMYB184 to repress CsMYB184 transactivation of TCS1. Meanwhile, JA effector CsMYC2 directly bound to and activated CsMYB184 transcription, but inhibited plant growth by directly modulating GA inactivation through gibberellin 2-oxidase 4 (CsGA2ox4). By contrast, gibberellins (GA) stimulated tea plant growth and inhibited caffeine biosynthesis, rendering tea plants more susceptible to fungal pathogens, via competitive DELLA proteins interacting with JAZs to relieve JAZ inhibition of CsMYB184. CsDELLA-JAZ-MYC2-MYB184-TCS1 formed an activation-repression loop to regulate developmental and hormonal control of caffeine biosynthesis in response to fungal pathogens, which balance the tea plant growth and defence response trade-offs. The study reveals JA-GA antagonistic regulation of caffeine biosynthesis as one of the innate immunity defences, meanwhile balancing the growth and defence of tea plants via crosstalk between JA and GA signalling.
通讯机构：
[Liu, ZH; Xiao, LZ; Quan, W ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Natl Res Ctr Engn & Technol Utilizat Bot Funct Ing, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Eurotium cristatum;Gut microbiota;Host metabolism;Inflammatory bowel disease;Jinhua white tea;White tea
摘要：
White tea (WT) has been reported to confer various health benefits, but its role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been fully investigated. Jinhua white tea (JWT), produced using the unique “flowering” technology by Eurotium cristatum , enhancing the flavor and quality of WT. Whether this new technology provides better bioactive benefits also worth further exploring. The present study investigated the protective effects of WT and JWT against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced IBD. The results showed WT and JWT mitigated oxidative stress and colonic inflammation via NF- κ B and MAPK signaling pathways, upregulating intestinal tight junction protein expression and immune cell counts. These effects were evidenced by improvements in pathological phenotypes, disease activity index, and colon length in IBD mice, with JWT showing superior results. Both WT and JWT restored microbial diversity and improved gut microbiota composition in IBD mice. JWT showed a more pronounced effect on correcting microbial imbalances and abnormal host metabolism by stimulating metabolic pathways associated with amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Therefore, WT, particularly JWT, shows potential for adjuvant treatment of colitis, which might be attributed to the enrichments in oxidation products of catechins such as theabrownins and some secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids and gallic acid obtained through the “flowering” technology. Further identifying and isolating key compounds and clinical trials are required to assess the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of JWT on IBD in humans.
White tea (WT) has been reported to confer various health benefits, but its role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been fully investigated. Jinhua white tea (JWT), produced using the unique “flowering” technology by Eurotium cristatum , enhancing the flavor and quality of WT. Whether this new technology provides better bioactive benefits also worth further exploring. The present study investigated the protective effects of WT and JWT against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced IBD. The results showed WT and JWT mitigated oxidative stress and colonic inflammation via NF- κ B and MAPK signaling pathways, upregulating intestinal tight junction protein expression and immune cell counts. These effects were evidenced by improvements in pathological phenotypes, disease activity index, and colon length in IBD mice, with JWT showing superior results. Both WT and JWT restored microbial diversity and improved gut microbiota composition in IBD mice. JWT showed a more pronounced effect on correcting microbial imbalances and abnormal host metabolism by stimulating metabolic pathways associated with amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Therefore, WT, particularly JWT, shows potential for adjuvant treatment of colitis, which might be attributed to the enrichments in oxidation products of catechins such as theabrownins and some secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids and gallic acid obtained through the “flowering” technology. Further identifying and isolating key compounds and clinical trials are required to assess the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of JWT on IBD in humans.
摘要：
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), recognized as a globally preeminent vegetable, holds substantial economic and nutritional value. The BTB (broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-a-brac) family of proteins, characterized by a highly conserved BTB domain, also denoted as the POZ domain, are intricately involved in a diverse array of biological processes. However, the existing corpus of research regarding pepper BTB genes remains relatively meager. In this study, a total of 72 CaBTB gene members were meticulously identified from the entire genome of pepper. Phylogenetic analysis illuminated the presence of conspicuous collinear relationships between the CaBTB genes and those of its closely affiliated species. Gene expression profiling and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that multiple CaBTB genes exhibited pronounced differential expression under diverse treatment regimens. Expression pattern analysis unveiled that CaBTB25 manifested a remarkably elevated abundance in leaves. Moreover, its promoters were replete with an abundance of light-responsive cis-elements. Our comprehensive and in-depth explorations into subcellular localization revealed that CaBTB25 was predominantly detected to localize within the nucleus and lacked transcriptional activation. This research provides a crucial theoretical edifice, enabling a more profound understanding of the biological functions of the BTB gene family in pepper, thereby underscoring its potential significance within the intricate network of gene-environment interactions.
摘要：
Cassava leaves, often discarded as agricultural byproduct, are a nutrient-dense yet underutilized protein source, containing 38 % proteins by dried weight. This study investigates the potential of cassava leaf proteins as a sustainable alternative to conventional protein sources through enzymatic hydrolysis. Bioactive peptides extracted during hydrolysis significantly improve the protein's nutritional profile and exhibited diverse biological activities. Analysis revealed a notable increase in essential amino acids, comprising ~40 % of total amino acids. Using LC-MS/MS, 36 distinct peptide sequences were identified. Bioinformatics and network pharmacology analyses revealed that cassava leaf peptides possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. Notably, the peptide sequences HPDGF and SEGGF exhibited strong binding affinity to key targets (AKT1, CASP3, CCND1, and IL1B), suggesting therapeutic potential for oxidative stress-related pathologies. These findings underscore the potential of cassava leaf proteins as a natural, sustainable source of bioactive peptides for health applications, notably as antioxidants.
Cassava leaves, often discarded as agricultural byproduct, are a nutrient-dense yet underutilized protein source, containing 38 % proteins by dried weight. This study investigates the potential of cassava leaf proteins as a sustainable alternative to conventional protein sources through enzymatic hydrolysis. Bioactive peptides extracted during hydrolysis significantly improve the protein's nutritional profile and exhibited diverse biological activities. Analysis revealed a notable increase in essential amino acids, comprising ~40 % of total amino acids. Using LC-MS/MS, 36 distinct peptide sequences were identified. Bioinformatics and network pharmacology analyses revealed that cassava leaf peptides possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. Notably, the peptide sequences HPDGF and SEGGF exhibited strong binding affinity to key targets (AKT1, CASP3, CCND1, and IL1B), suggesting therapeutic potential for oxidative stress-related pathologies. These findings underscore the potential of cassava leaf proteins as a natural, sustainable source of bioactive peptides for health applications, notably as antioxidants.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Polygalacturonase (PG) genes regulate plant organ abscission by degrading pectin in the cell wall. However, their association with pedicel abscission susceptibility in pepper remains poorly understood. METHODS: 47 CaPG genes were identified were identified in the 'Zunla1' genome and characterized by structural, evolutionary, and comparative genomic analyses. Their expression profiles across various tissues and fruit development stages were examined using transcriptome data. Ethephon treatment and qRT-PCR were employed to assess gene responses during ethylene-induced pedicel abscission. RESULTS: The 47 CaPG genes were distributed across 12 chromosomes, with CaPG1 to CaPG5 unanchored. Most proteins were hydrophilic, nuclear-localized, and had promoters enriched in light-responsive elements. Collinearity analysis revealed limited segmental duplication, and Ka/Ks values indicated strong purifying selection. Phylogenetic and collinearity analyses showed that CaPG genes are more closely related to those in tomato than in Arabidopsis or maize. Expression profiling revealed tissue- and stage-specific patterns, with 21 CaPG genes associated with pedicel abscission susceptibility. Ethephon treatment enhanced abscission and upregulated several CaPG genes. CONCLUSIONS: This study offers insights into the CaPG gene family's structure, evolution, and function. Specific CaPG genes likely contribute to ethylene-mediated pedicel abscission, providing potential targets for improving fruit-retention traits in pepper.
关键词：
key taxa;microbial community;pepper growth;synthetic microbial community
摘要：
Synthetic microbial community (SynCom) application is efficient in promoting crop yield and soil health. However, few studies have been conducted to enhance pepper growth via modulating rhizosphere microbial communities by SynCom application. This study aimed to investigate how SynCom inoculation at the seedling stage impacts pepper growth by modulating the rhizosphere microbiome using high-throughput sequencing technology. SynCom inoculation significantly increased shoot height, stem diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content, leaf number, root vigor, root tips, total root length, and root-specific surface area of pepper by 20.9%, 36.33%, 68.84%, 64.34%, 29.65%, 27.78%, 117.42%, 35.4%, 21.52%, and 39.76%, respectively, relative to the control. The Chao index of the rhizosphere microbial community and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of the fungal community significantly increased, while Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of the bacterial community significantly decreased by SynCom inoculation. The abundances of key taxa such as Scedosporium, Sordariomycetes, Pseudarthrobacter, norankSBR1031, and norankA4b significantly increased with SynCom inoculation, and positively correlated with indices of pepper growth. Our findings suggest that SynCom inoculation can effectively enhance pepper growth and regulate root morphology by regulating rhizosphere microbial communities and increasing key taxa abundance like Sordariomycetes and Pseudarthrobacter, thereby benefiting nutrient acquisition, resistance improvement, and pathogen resistance of crops to ensure sustainability.
摘要：
Acrorus tatarinowii Schott (ATS), a traditional medicinal herb with neuroprotective potential, requires optimized harvest timing to maximize its bioactive efficacy. This study integrated HS-SPME-GC-MS, network pharmacology, and molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate seasonal variations in volatile components and their therapeutic relevance for neurodegenerative diseases. Monthly samples (March – December) revealed that the essential oil yield peaked in November (2.6 %) and declined by December. Phenylpropanoids dominated the volatile profile (e.g., β-Asarone, 19.32–35.81 %), showing progressive accumulation, while sesquiterpenes peaked in August. Network pharmacology identified 37 bioactive compounds targeting neurodegenerative pathways, with ESR1, SRC, and MAPK3 as core targets. Molecular docking highlighted β-eudesmol (Ki = 8.2 μM), (+)-tau-muurolol, and β-Asarone as high-affinity ligands for ESR1. Dynamics simulations confirmed stable binding (RMSD <0.4 nm) and favorable free energy (ΔG ≤-90.17 kJ/mol). The seasonal analysis, which aligned with pharmacopoeial guidelines, indicated that autumn (optimal essential oil yield) and winter (high β-Asarone content) are the ideal harvest periods. This multidisciplinary approach offers a scientific foundation for industrial-scale ATS cultivation, ensuring consistent quality for neurotherapeutic applications.
Acrorus tatarinowii Schott (ATS), a traditional medicinal herb with neuroprotective potential, requires optimized harvest timing to maximize its bioactive efficacy. This study integrated HS-SPME-GC-MS, network pharmacology, and molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate seasonal variations in volatile components and their therapeutic relevance for neurodegenerative diseases. Monthly samples (March – December) revealed that the essential oil yield peaked in November (2.6 %) and declined by December. Phenylpropanoids dominated the volatile profile (e.g., β-Asarone, 19.32–35.81 %), showing progressive accumulation, while sesquiterpenes peaked in August. Network pharmacology identified 37 bioactive compounds targeting neurodegenerative pathways, with ESR1, SRC, and MAPK3 as core targets. Molecular docking highlighted β-eudesmol (Ki = 8.2 μM), (+)-tau-muurolol, and β-Asarone as high-affinity ligands for ESR1. Dynamics simulations confirmed stable binding (RMSD <0.4 nm) and favorable free energy (ΔG ≤-90.17 kJ/mol). The seasonal analysis, which aligned with pharmacopoeial guidelines, indicated that autumn (optimal essential oil yield) and winter (high β-Asarone content) are the ideal harvest periods. This multidisciplinary approach offers a scientific foundation for industrial-scale ATS cultivation, ensuring consistent quality for neurotherapeutic applications.
关键词：
Fu brick tea;Key odor-active compounds;GCxGC-Q-TOFMS;GC-O;Relative odor activity value
摘要：
Compression is a crucial step in the production of Fu brick tea (FBT), affecting its chemical composition and sensory quality. However, the impact of compression degree on its aroma remains unclear. This study investigates the effect of compression degree on the aroma quality of FBT (loose-pressed brick tea, medium-pressed brick tea, tightly-pressed brick tea). GC×GC-Q-TOFMS, GC-O, quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), and relative odor activity (ROAV) were used to decode the aroma characteristics of Fu brick tea. Results showed that significant differences in sensory evaluation and volatile compounds based on compression degree. M-brick tea had a fungal aroma with fruity and sweet aroma, while L-brick tea was rough and grassy, and T-brick tea had floral characteristics. A total of 186 volatile compounds were identified and 26 key odor-active compounds with ROAV>1 and VIP>1. GC-O analysis confirmed 11 major differential compounds, such as 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and linalool enhancing floral aroma, benzaldehyde linked to fruity aroma, and decanal and methyl salicylate associated with green characteristics. These findings provide new insights into how compression degree affects the aroma of FBT.
Compression is a crucial step in the production of Fu brick tea (FBT), affecting its chemical composition and sensory quality. However, the impact of compression degree on its aroma remains unclear. This study investigates the effect of compression degree on the aroma quality of FBT (loose-pressed brick tea, medium-pressed brick tea, tightly-pressed brick tea). GC×GC-Q-TOFMS, GC-O, quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), and relative odor activity (ROAV) were used to decode the aroma characteristics of Fu brick tea. Results showed that significant differences in sensory evaluation and volatile compounds based on compression degree. M-brick tea had a fungal aroma with fruity and sweet aroma, while L-brick tea was rough and grassy, and T-brick tea had floral characteristics. A total of 186 volatile compounds were identified and 26 key odor-active compounds with ROAV>1 and VIP>1. GC-O analysis confirmed 11 major differential compounds, such as 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and linalool enhancing floral aroma, benzaldehyde linked to fruity aroma, and decanal and methyl salicylate associated with green characteristics. These findings provide new insights into how compression degree affects the aroma of FBT.
关键词：
ABA signaling;Aroma compounds;Drought stress;Fermented tea;Jasmonate signaling;Shading;Theaflavins
摘要：
Drought stress during summer significantly impairs tea quality. This study is the first to systematically investigate the combined effects of pre-harvest drought and shade treatments on flavor and aroma compounds' spatial and temporal regulation during black and white tea processing. Through physiological and biochemical analyses, HPLC, electronic tongue analysis, and HS-SPME-GC–MS, we found that drought+shade (D + S) treatment significantly increases free amino acids and theaflavin levels, thereby enhancing umami, aftertaste, and richness. Using the OAV method, we identified 18 key volatiles, including benzyl alcohol, phenylethyl alcohol, linalool, ( Z )-linalool oxide (furanoid), dehydrolinalool, benzaldehyde, and β-ionone, which contribute to floral and fruity flavors in the D + S group. Gene expression assays revealed that jasmonic and abscisic acid signaling pathways activated the aroma accumulation in the D + S group. This study elucidates the synergistic regulation of metabolic transformations by pre-harvest drought and shade, providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing tea plantation management under adverse conditions.
Drought stress during summer significantly impairs tea quality. This study is the first to systematically investigate the combined effects of pre-harvest drought and shade treatments on flavor and aroma compounds' spatial and temporal regulation during black and white tea processing. Through physiological and biochemical analyses, HPLC, electronic tongue analysis, and HS-SPME-GC–MS, we found that drought+shade (D + S) treatment significantly increases free amino acids and theaflavin levels, thereby enhancing umami, aftertaste, and richness. Using the OAV method, we identified 18 key volatiles, including benzyl alcohol, phenylethyl alcohol, linalool, ( Z )-linalool oxide (furanoid), dehydrolinalool, benzaldehyde, and β-ionone, which contribute to floral and fruity flavors in the D + S group. Gene expression assays revealed that jasmonic and abscisic acid signaling pathways activated the aroma accumulation in the D + S group. This study elucidates the synergistic regulation of metabolic transformations by pre-harvest drought and shade, providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing tea plantation management under adverse conditions.
通讯机构：
[Zou, XX; Ou, LJ ; Liu, ZB] H;[Zou, XX ] N;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Engn Res Ctr Hort Crop Germplasm Creat & New Varie, Key Lab Vegetable Biol Hunan Prov,Minist Educ, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Hort, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China.;Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Carotenoids play indispensable roles in the ripening process of fleshy fruits. Capsanthin is a widely distributed and utilized natural red carotenoid. However, the regulatory genes involved in capsanthin biosynthesis remain insufficient. Here, we identified the MADS-box transcription factor RIPENING INHIBITOR (MADS-RIN) in pepper (Capsicum annuum), which regulates ripening in climacteric tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits, using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. We found MADS-RIN can directly bind to the promoters of carotenoid biosynthetic genes phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) and capsanthin/capsorubin synthase (CCS) and the promoter of DIVARICATA1 to activate their expression, thereby regulating carotenoid biosynthesis directly or indirectly. The physical interaction between MADS-RIN and DIVARICATA1 enhances the transactivation effect on PSY1 and CCS. The self-transactivation of MADS-RIN demonstrates its capability to expedite the above process under specific conditions. Interestingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing assays revealed consistency and divergence of potential targets of MADS-RIN in climacteric tomato and nonclimacteric pepper fruits, suggesting potential conservation and variation of MADS-RIN in regulating ripening and carotenoid metabolism. The present study illustrates the regulatory mechanism of the MADS-RIN-DIVARICATA1 module in capsanthin biosynthesis in pepper, providing targets for breeding high-quality peppers. These findings enrich our understanding of the regulatory network of carotenoid biosynthesis and offer insights into the complex mechanisms of MADS-RIN in climacteric/nonclimacteric fruit ripening and carotenoid biosynthesis. A MADS-box transcription factor, RIPENING INHIBITOR (MADS-RIN), regulates carotenoid biosynthesis in nonclimacteric pepper fruits through its dominant MADS-RIN-DIVARICATA1 module.
摘要：
Tea residues are rich in dietary fiber, most of which are insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). However, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) is reported to show a better health-promoting effect. In this paper, the Eurotium cristatum (E. cristatum) fermentation method was employed to prepare SDF from tea residues. The results showed that the yield of SDF in fermented SDF (FSDF) was higher than that in unfermented SDF (USDF). Meanwhile, an increased proportion of galactose and a looser microstructure were observed in FSDF. In addition, FSDF has more advantages than USDF in relieving colitis symptoms. FSDF is more effective in reversing weight loss, colon shortening, and tissue damage. Meanwhile, it has a better regulatory effect on the level of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10) and oxidative stress (CAT, T-SOD, and MDA). FSDF treatment more effectively restored gut microbiota composition toward normal parameters compared to USDF by upregulating Akkermanisa and Lachospiracae_NK4A136_group and downregulating Helicobacter and Alisitipes. In conclusion, fermentation treatment with E. cristatum contributed to the preparation efficiency and bioactive effect of SDF from tea residues. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of tea residues.
摘要：
Germplasm collection and conservation requires many efforts and resources. Core collection construction could both conserve genetic diversity and improve conservation efficiency. This study investigated the genetic diversity of tea plants [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] collected from four regions of Rucheng using 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and constructed a core collection set. A phylogenetic tree and population structure were conducted. A core set of 28 tea plants, approximately 10% of 279 tea plant individuals, was constructed to capture the samples' maximum genetic diversity. Compared to the original collection, the retention rates of Na, I, Ho, He, MAF, and PIC in the core collection were 106.4%, 118.8%, 103.1%, 112.2%, 68.1%, and 113.1%, respectively. The significance of core germplasm lies in identifying and conserving a set of representatives, diverse, and genetically advantageous genetic resources to support subsequent genetic improvement and breeding efforts. It could serve as a foundation for conserving valuable genetic materials and identifying loci associated with important horticultural traits, thereby empowering the development of new tea cultivars with enhanced efficiency. Furthermore, this approach contributes to optimizing breeding strategies, accelerating the selection process, and ensuring the sustainability of tea plant genetic resources for future generations.
摘要：
While flavonoid accumulation, light radiation, and cold stress are intrinsically connected in tea plants, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The circadian protein CCA1 and CCA1-like MYB transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in coordinating light and temperature signals in plant-environment interactions, their homologs in tea plants have not been addressed. Here we analyzed CsCCA1-like MYB subfamily in tea genome and found one member, a circadian gene CsMYB128 responding to cold stress. Antisense knockdown of CsMYB128 in tea buds rendered cold tolerance in cold tolerance tests. Metabolite profiling, yeast hybrid and promoter trans-activation assays further demonstrated that CsMYB128 negatively regulated flavonol biosynthesis by repressing CsFLS1 in flavonol biosynthesis and CsCBF1 in cold tolerance. Given CsCBF1 also activated CsMYB128 transcription, the negative feedback regulation loop indicates a balance between tea plant growth promoted by CsMYB128 and cold tolerance meanwhile growth inhibition by CsCBF1. Moreover, CsICE1 interacted with and inhibited CsMYB128 repressor activity to promote cold tolerance. CsMYB128 is thus characterized as an early cold-responsive gene negatively regulating tea plant cold response and balancing tea plant growth and cold tolerance. This study provides insights into the roles of CCA1-like subfamily MYB TFs in regulating tea plant growth and interactions with environments.
While flavonoid accumulation, light radiation, and cold stress are intrinsically connected in tea plants, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The circadian protein CCA1 and CCA1-like MYB transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in coordinating light and temperature signals in plant-environment interactions, their homologs in tea plants have not been addressed. Here we analyzed CsCCA1-like MYB subfamily in tea genome and found one member, a circadian gene CsMYB128 responding to cold stress. Antisense knockdown of CsMYB128 in tea buds rendered cold tolerance in cold tolerance tests. Metabolite profiling, yeast hybrid and promoter trans-activation assays further demonstrated that CsMYB128 negatively regulated flavonol biosynthesis by repressing CsFLS1 in flavonol biosynthesis and CsCBF1 in cold tolerance. Given CsCBF1 also activated CsMYB128 transcription, the negative feedback regulation loop indicates a balance between tea plant growth promoted by CsMYB128 and cold tolerance meanwhile growth inhibition by CsCBF1. Moreover, CsICE1 interacted with and inhibited CsMYB128 repressor activity to promote cold tolerance. CsMYB128 is thus characterized as an early cold-responsive gene negatively regulating tea plant cold response and balancing tea plant growth and cold tolerance. This study provides insights into the roles of CCA1-like subfamily MYB TFs in regulating tea plant growth and interactions with environments.
作者机构：
[Herao Wu; Ying Chen; Ye Cui; Qingyan Ren; Meifeng Li; Jianjun Liu; Taolin Chen] College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China;[Zhiwen Ge; Yinping Liao] Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Liuzhou, Liuzhou, 545001, China;[Xifu Wang; Jiajia Meng] Forestry Research Institute of Liuzhou, Liuzhou, 545300, China;[Xuemei Yang; Zhiping Chen] Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Rongshui, Liuzhou, 545300, China;[Meili Chen] Greening Construction Development Center of Liuzhou, Liuzhou, 545001, China
通讯机构：
[Mingzhi Zhu] Y;Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
摘要：
Camellia yungkianensis (RJC) is a special wild tea germplasm characterized with high polyphenol and theobromine and low caffeine contents. However, the bioactive properties of RJC-derived teas remain uncharacterized. This study characterizes the metabolomic profile and bioactivity of black tea (BT) and white tea (WT) from Camellia yungkianensis (RJC) compared to conventional teas using standardized processing and analytical methods. RJC-BT and RJC-WT exhibited distinct floral and fruity aroma profiles identified via sensory evaluation. A total of 833 non-volatile metabolites across 15 structural categories were identified in metabolomic analyses, showing significant differences in metabolite abundance compared to other teas. RJC demonstrated superior antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, demonstrated by in vitro assays. Higher theobromine, hydrolysable tannins, C, GC, and flavone levels in RJC were positively associated with elevated theobromine and flavones with these bioactivities ( p < 0.05). These findings suggest RJC's potential as a functional tea and support its development for specialized markets.
Camellia yungkianensis (RJC) is a special wild tea germplasm characterized with high polyphenol and theobromine and low caffeine contents. However, the bioactive properties of RJC-derived teas remain uncharacterized. This study characterizes the metabolomic profile and bioactivity of black tea (BT) and white tea (WT) from Camellia yungkianensis (RJC) compared to conventional teas using standardized processing and analytical methods. RJC-BT and RJC-WT exhibited distinct floral and fruity aroma profiles identified via sensory evaluation. A total of 833 non-volatile metabolites across 15 structural categories were identified in metabolomic analyses, showing significant differences in metabolite abundance compared to other teas. RJC demonstrated superior antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, demonstrated by in vitro assays. Higher theobromine, hydrolysable tannins, C, GC, and flavone levels in RJC were positively associated with elevated theobromine and flavones with these bioactivities ( p < 0.05). These findings suggest RJC's potential as a functional tea and support its development for specialized markets.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Y; Feng, XX ] S;[Liu, Y ] N;Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.;Ningxia Univ, Sch Food Sci & Engn, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.
关键词：
key taste-active compounds;metabolomics;oolong tea;quantitative measurements;recombination experiments and omission tests
摘要：
A lack of knowledge regarding taste-active compounds of Oolong tea limits the improvement of product quality. Nontargeted metabolomics and sensory quantitative descriptive analyses were performed on two representative oolong teas, resulting in 41 compounds screened for their relevance to taste characteristics, and they were quantitated. Combined taste dose-overthreshold (DoT > 1) factors with key differentiators, reconstitution of ten selected compounds successfully replicated the authentic tea infusion. To further narrow down the number of key taste compounds, omission experiments showed that simplified reconstitution models did not differ significantly from the taste of the authentic tea infusion. Epigallocatechin gallate, caffeine (CAF), kaempferol 3- O -rutinoside (kaempferol 3- O -rut), myricetin-3- O -rutinoside (myricetin-3- O -rut), quercetin 3-arabinoside (quercetin 3-ara), quercetin 3- O -galactoside (quercetin 3- O -gal), quinic acid were the key taste compounds of Rougui tea, while CAF, kaempferol 3- O -rut, quercetin 3-ara, quercetin 3- O -gal, gallic acid, quinic acid were key compounds for Dongding tea taste. This study provides guidance for oolong tea taste improvement.
作者机构：
[Jitao Liu; Li Wang; Chengchen Li; Jianwei Shan; Kang An; Kun Yang] Research Institute of Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.;College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Xiaobo Li] Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Research Institute of Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;[Xingyao Xiong] Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Xiaobo Li; Xingyao Xiong] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Research Institute of Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
Enzymatic browning is a major issue in potato processing, causing a decline in both nutritional value and quality. Although there are numerous studies on the mechanism of enzymatic browning of potato tubers, few relevant reports are available on the changes at the transcriptome level during enzymatic browning as well as on the differences in the browning process of potato tubers with differing degrees of enzymatic browning potential. To gain insights into the molecular mechanism of enzymatic browning after cutting, this study presents the transcriptional characterization of temporal molecular events during enzymatic browning of browning-resistant (BR) and browning-susceptible (BS) potato tubers. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis detected 19,377 and 13,741 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BR and BS tubers, respectively, with similar function enrichment observed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the pathways related to phenol and lipid biosynthesis, while the down-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the pathways related to programmed cell death. Significant redox-related pathways occurred earlier in BS tubers compared to the BR tubers. Further analysis revealed that the BS tubers had a stronger phenolic synthesis ability compared to the BR tubers. However, the BR tubers showed a stronger free radical scavenging ability compared to the BS tubers. The results of our study provide insights into the temporal molecular events that occur during the enzymatic browning of potato tubers after cutting and the potential molecular mechanisms for different degrees of enzymatic browning.
作者机构：
[Haiyun Gao] Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330115, China;[Xuan Liu; Changli Liu; Xianan Zhang; Wei Gao] School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;These authors contributed equally to this work.;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.;[Yifeng Zhang] State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
通讯机构：
[Luqi Huang; Yating Hu] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
摘要：
The medicinal plant Siraitia grosvenorii produces sweet-tasting cucurbitane-type mogrosides from the atypical triterpenoid precursor 2,3,22,23-dioxidosqualene (SDO), rather than the conventional 2,3-oxidosqualene (SQO). However, SDO formation in mogroside biosynthesis remains unclear. Here, we systematically characterized two squalene epoxidases (SgSQE1/2) through phylogenetic analysis, heterologous expression, subcellular localization, qRT-PCR, and alanine scanning studies. Both SgSQE1 and SgSQE2 exhibited squalene epoxidase activity, with SgSQE2 catalyzing SDO formation in yeast. We identified two critical catalytic residues governing epoxidation efficiency through mutagenesis. Both SgSQEs were localized in the ER, while expression profiling revealed a similar trend between SgSQE2 expression and mogroside accumulation in fruits. In our study, we developed a genomically engineered strategy for heterologous SQE characterization. These results lay the foundation for the SQE catalytic reaction involved in mogroside biosynthesis, and provide gene resources and a feasible approach for triterpene metabolic engineering.
摘要：
Uncaria rhynchophylla, a medicinal plant extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine, is an important plant source of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), but the mechanism of TIA biosynthesis at molecular level remains unclear. Geraniol synthase (GES) serves as a crucial enzyme in catalyzing the formation of geraniol from geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) in various plants, but the functional characterization of the GES gene in U. rhynchophylla has not been investigated. In this study, a GES was identified and characterized through genome mining and bioinformatic analysis. Functional validation was performed via a protein catalysis experiment, transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induction experiments. The full-length UrGES gene was 1761 bp, encoding a protein product of 586 amino acids with an estimated 67.5 kDa molecular weight. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis placed UrGES within the terpene synthase g (TPS-g) subfamily, showing high similarity to known GESs from other plants. Enzymatic assays confirmed that recombinant UrGES catalyzed GPP conversion to a single product of geraniol. The transient expression of UrGES resulted in geraniol accumulation in N. benthamiana, further confirming its function in vivo. UrGES expression was observed in leaves, stems, and roots, where leaves had the highest transcript levels. Moreover, MeJA treatment significantly upregulated UrGES expression, which positively correlated with an increase in alkaloid content. This study functionally characterizes UrGES as a geraniol synthase in U. rhynchophylla, contributing to the current knowledge of the TIA biosynthetic pathway. These findings may offer insights for future metabolic engineering aiming to enhance TIA yields for pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
摘要：
The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a notorious invasive pest wreaking havoc on various crops globally. Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) are viral pathogens that specially target lepidopteran pests. However, the homologous virus, Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), has not been commercialized in China. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying heterologous virus-host interactions can inform the design of virus-based insecticides for controlling S. frugiperda. The pathogenicity of the four heterologous NPVs on S. frugiperda varied greatly. Mamestra brassicae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (MbMNPV) exhibited the most potent virulence on larvae and induced the most robust sublethal effects on adults. Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) infection was characterized by more moderate pathogenicity, and larvae were relatively resistant to Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) and Spodoptera litura multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlMNPV). Larval mortality was virus-concentration and larval stage dependent. Specifically, the corrected mortality rate of third instar larvae after treatment with 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 OBs/mL MbMNPV was 88.9 %, 100.0 %, and 100.0 %, respectively. All four NPVs negatively affected the longevity and fecundity of S. frugiperda adults. Female adults surviving treatment with MbMNPV and SeMNPV were unable to lay eggs. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MbMNPV infection might suppress the antiviral immune response, and dysregulate biological pathways of S. frugiperda larvae to facilitate systemic infection. However, the overall transcript profiles remain unchanged after SlMNPV infection. The results reinforce the potential of NPVs, specifically MbMNPV, as potent biocontrol agents for S. frugiperda. These findings yield valuable insights into the complex arms race between S. frugiperda and NPVs that may advance the development of virus-based strategies to mitigate the destructive impact of this pest.
The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a notorious invasive pest wreaking havoc on various crops globally. Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) are viral pathogens that specially target lepidopteran pests. However, the homologous virus, Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), has not been commercialized in China. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying heterologous virus-host interactions can inform the design of virus-based insecticides for controlling S. frugiperda. The pathogenicity of the four heterologous NPVs on S. frugiperda varied greatly. Mamestra brassicae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (MbMNPV) exhibited the most potent virulence on larvae and induced the most robust sublethal effects on adults. Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) infection was characterized by more moderate pathogenicity, and larvae were relatively resistant to Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) and Spodoptera litura multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlMNPV). Larval mortality was virus-concentration and larval stage dependent. Specifically, the corrected mortality rate of third instar larvae after treatment with 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 OBs/mL MbMNPV was 88.9 %, 100.0 %, and 100.0 %, respectively. All four NPVs negatively affected the longevity and fecundity of S. frugiperda adults. Female adults surviving treatment with MbMNPV and SeMNPV were unable to lay eggs. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MbMNPV infection might suppress the antiviral immune response, and dysregulate biological pathways of S. frugiperda larvae to facilitate systemic infection. However, the overall transcript profiles remain unchanged after SlMNPV infection. The results reinforce the potential of NPVs, specifically MbMNPV, as potent biocontrol agents for S. frugiperda. These findings yield valuable insights into the complex arms race between S. frugiperda and NPVs that may advance the development of virus-based strategies to mitigate the destructive impact of this pest.
摘要：
Gelsemium elegans a plant of the Loganiaceae family, is highly toxic and contains many alkaloids of potential pharmacological value. Koumine, is the most abundant component of G. elegans , and belongs to monoterpene indole alkaloids and is valued in medical research as it has important anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic properties. The biosynthesis pathway of this compound has been little studied, and is poorly understood, limiting the ability to improve koumine production via breeding or synthetic biology. To investigate G. elegans biosynthesis of koumine, its genomes was sequenced and assembled (331.82 Mb) and a comprehensive transcriptome cDNA library from different tissues and hormone treatments constructed and sequenced using PacBio (10.9 Gb subreads). Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, we identified 29 alkaloids in extracts of G. elegans and analyzed their synthesis and accumulation in different tissues and this data was compared to the transcriptomic data to identify 20 candidate genes likely to be involved in the synthesis of koumine. Finally, a preliminary validation of the functions of two candidate genes GeLAMT and GeTDC were performed and found that both proteins catalyze the production of products in koumine biosynthesis. This data provides a rich molecular resource for the study of G. elegans , as well as the first functional validation of genes in G. elegans , that will help to inform further MIA biosynthetic pathway studies.
Gelsemium elegans a plant of the Loganiaceae family, is highly toxic and contains many alkaloids of potential pharmacological value. Koumine, is the most abundant component of G. elegans , and belongs to monoterpene indole alkaloids and is valued in medical research as it has important anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic properties. The biosynthesis pathway of this compound has been little studied, and is poorly understood, limiting the ability to improve koumine production via breeding or synthetic biology. To investigate G. elegans biosynthesis of koumine, its genomes was sequenced and assembled (331.82 Mb) and a comprehensive transcriptome cDNA library from different tissues and hormone treatments constructed and sequenced using PacBio (10.9 Gb subreads). Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, we identified 29 alkaloids in extracts of G. elegans and analyzed their synthesis and accumulation in different tissues and this data was compared to the transcriptomic data to identify 20 candidate genes likely to be involved in the synthesis of koumine. Finally, a preliminary validation of the functions of two candidate genes GeLAMT and GeTDC were performed and found that both proteins catalyze the production of products in koumine biosynthesis. This data provides a rich molecular resource for the study of G. elegans , as well as the first functional validation of genes in G. elegans , that will help to inform further MIA biosynthetic pathway studies.
