通讯机构：
[Zhihua Gong; Wenjun Xiao] K;Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China<&wdkj&>National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Agricultural University, Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
通讯机构：
[Shihui Liu; Ke Huang; Mingyue Liu] C;[Jiantao Zhang] S;School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Regulating of Horticultural Crop Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
The development of agricultural robots and the promotion of agricultural production automation are important means to alleviate the shortage of agricultural labor. Fruit and vegetable detection is a prerequisite for accurate harvesting by robots. It directly determines the efficiency and quality of harvesting operations. In order to meet the requirements of target positioning and recognition of tomato harvesting robots, this paper studies tomato recognition technology based on YOLOv3 convolutional neural network algorithm. And the tomato detection process of the YOLOv3 model is presented. The YOLOv3 model training dataset is constructed based on greenhouse tomato plants. The test results show that the model based on the YOLOv3 convolutional neural network has a better detection effect.
摘要：
Fruit cracking seriously affects the commercial value of table grapes. To explore whether cell wall disassembly influences grape berry cracking, first, the differences in the cell wall metabolism were compared between cracking-resistant "Shennongjinhuanghou" (SN) and cracking-susceptible "Xiangfei" (XF) varieties. Our results showed that cell wall disassembly events were extremely different between "SN" and "XF." The cracking-resistant "SN" had a higher pectinmethylesterase activity in the early stage and lower polygalacturonase, β-galactosidase, pectate lyase, and cellulase activities from veraison, cooperatively yielding higher ionically bound pectin, covalently bound pectin, hemicellulose, and lower water-soluble pectin, leading to a stronger skin break force and elasticity and conferring "SN" with higher cracking resistance. Furthermore, the function of the VvPL1 gene in fruit cracking was verified by heterologously transforming tomatoes. The transgenic experiment showed that overexpressed fruits had a higher activity of pectate lyase from the breaking stage and a lower level of covalently bound pectin, ionically bound pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose and a higher level of water-soluble pectin at the red ripe stage, which resulted in a significantly reduced skin break force and flesh firmness and increased fruit cracking incidences. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the cracking susceptibility of the grape berry is closely related to cell wall disassembly events and VvPL1 plays an important role in fruit cracking.
通讯机构：
[Dongling Zhang] D;[Xiaoying Yu] C;[Yanlin Li] I;Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, USA<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
关键词：
Leaf colour;Pigmentation;Anthocyanin;Synthesis pathway;Loropetalum chinense var. Rubrum
摘要：
Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum (L. chinense var. rubrum) is a precious, coloured-leaf native ornamental plant in the Hunan Province. We found an L. chinense var. rubrum tree with three different leaf colours: GL (green leaf), ML (mosaic leaf), and PL (purple leaf). The mechanism of leaf coloration in this plant is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the metabolites and genes involved in determining the colour composition of L. chinense var. rubrum leaves, using phenotypic/anatomic observations, pigment content detection, and comparative metabolomics and transcriptomics. We observed that the mesophyll cells in PL were purple, while those in GL were green and those in ML were a mix of purple-green. The contents of chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll in PL and ML were significantly lower than those in GL. While the anthocyanin content in PL and ML was significantly higher than that in GL. The metabolomics results showed the differences in the content of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3,5-O-diglucoside, pelargonidin, and petunidin 3,5-diglucoside in ML, GL, and PL were significant. Considering that the change trend of anthocyanin content change was consistent with the leaf colour difference, we speculated that these compounds might influence the colour of L. chinense var. rubrum leaves. Using transcriptomics, we finally identified nine differentially expressed structural genes (one ANR (ANR1217); four CYP75As (CYP75A1815, CYP75A2846, CYP75A2909, and CYP75A1716); four UFGTs (UFGT1876, UFGT1649, UFGT1839, and UFGT3273) and nine transcription factors (two MYBs (MYB1057 and MYB1211), one MADS-box (MADS1235), two AP2-likes (AP2-like1779 and AP2-like2234), one bZIP (bZIP3720), two WD40s (WD2173 and WD1867) and one bHLH (bHLH1631) that might be related to flavonoid biosynthesis and then impacted the appearance of colour in L. chinense var. rubrum leaves. This study revealed potential molecular mechanisms associated with leaf coloration in L. chinense var. rubrum by analyzing differential metabolites and genes related to the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. It also provided a reference for research on leaf colour variation in other ornamental plants.
通讯机构：
[Wei Liu; Xuexiao Zou] C;[Zhuqing Zhang] V;College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China<&wdkj&>Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410125, Chin<&wdkj&>College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Henan 421008, China<&wdkj&>Vegetable Institution of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
摘要：
The stay-green trait is of considerable importance in extending the shelf life of green pepper fruit (Capsicum annuum L.) and in enhancing the appearance of ornamental plants. The study revealed the genetic and regulatory mechanisms of the stay-green trait in pepper, which will aid in the selection of ornamental pepper varieties. In this study, a pepper mutant with stay-green fruit named TNX348 was identified from a germplasm resource bank. Two segregating populations were constructed using the stay-green mutant TNX348 and then used in bulked segre-gant analysis combined with RNA sequencing and linkage analyses. The causal gene of the stay-green trait was mapped to an approximately 131-kb region, and a senescence-induced chloroplast protein gene, CaSGR1 (Capana01g000359), was identified as a candidate gene. Sequencing analysis revealed a G -> A single-base mutation of CaSGR1 in TNX348 that led to early termination of translation. Based on the single-base mu-tation, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker co-segregating with the stay-green trait was developed. Furthermore, in transcriptome analysis, expression patterns of 11 hormone transduction-related transcription factors, such as abscisic acid-insensitive (ABI), abscisic acid-responsive element-binding factor (ABF), and NAC transcription factor, were similar or opposite to that of CaSGR1. The results indicated that the transcription factors might mediate chlorophyll degradation by regulating the expression of CaSGR1.
期刊：
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,2023年42(7):4095-4105 ISSN：0721-7595
通讯作者：
Meng Li
作者机构：
[Li, Meng; Li, Jian; Ji, Xiaomin; Mao, Rongjie] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Cao, Fuxiang] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort & Landscape, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Meng Li] C;College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
关键词：
CCoAOMT;Lignin;Poplar (Populus tomentosa);Arabidopsis thaliana;Dove tree (Davidia involucrata Baill.)
摘要：
Rapid lignification and high lignin accumulation occur in the endocarps of the dove tree (Davidia involucrata) during a short developmental phase. Through transcriptome analysis, we identified a gene named DiCCoAOMT1 that plays a vital role in the rapid lignification process. The expression profile of the DiCCoAOMT1 gene was endocarp-specific, and its encoding product showed strong O-methyltransferase activity in vitro. Here, we overexpressed the DiCCoAOMT1 gene in both Arabidopsis and poplar (Populus tomentosa) to verify its function of lignin biosynthesis and accumulation. Increased plant height and lengthened pods arose in transgenic Arabidopsis lines, while elongated petioles were observed in transgenic poplar lines. Moreover, the stems exhibited enlarged xylem area, reduced pith area, and more compact cell architecture in both transgenic Arabidopsis and poplar lines. The lignin content was elevated by 26% and 20% on average in the stems of transgenic Arabidopsis and poplar lines, respectively. Furthermore, the lignin composition was altered in the transgenic lines indicated by the elevated S/G ratio. Taken together, we proposed that overexpressing the DiCCoAOMT1 gene can effectively increase lignin biosynthesis and change lignin monomer composition in both herb and woody plants. The endocarp-specific expression pattern of the DiCCoAOMT1 gene is assumed to be a key point to form the highly lignified structure in a short period, thus causing the long-period dormancy of Davidia seeds.
通讯机构：
[Li, YL ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Hunan Hort Res Inst, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;Kunpeng Inst Modern Agr, Foshan 528226, Peoples R China.
关键词：
anthocyanins;flavonoid biosynthesis;flower coloring;Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum;metabolomic;transcriptomic
摘要：
The Loropetalum chinense and Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum are typical as well as traditional ornamental and Chinese herbal medicines in Asia; however, more information is needed on the mechanisms underlying their flower coloring. Here, we profiled the flavonoid metabolome and carried out full-length sequencing in addition to transcriptome analyses to investigate the flavonoid biosynthesis and global transcriptome changes among different petal coloring cultivars of L. chinense and L. chinense var. rubrum. The total anthocyanins in addition to the RHSCC values and CIE 1976 L*a*b* values of petals were highly consistent with petal color. Moreover, a total of 207 flavonoid components were identified. Of these, 13 flavonoid compounds were considered significantly different expression compounds highly consistent with color information in the 4 samples. Meanwhile, the first reference full-length transcriptome of L. chinense var. rubrum was built, which had 171,783 high-quality nonredundant transcripts with correcting with next-generation sequencing (NGS). Among them, 52,851 transcripts were annotated in the seven databases of NR, KOG, GO, NT, Pfam, Swiss-Port, and KEGG. Combined with NGS analyses, the DETs involved in flavonoids and anthocyanins contributed greatest to the flower coloring. Additionally, the different expressions of eight LcDFRs and four LcANS genes were positively correlated with flavonoid biosynthesis, and the four LcBZ1 as well as one Lc3Mat1 were positively correlated with the content of seven anthocyanins revealed by coupling with metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses. Together, these results were used to mine candidate genes by analyzing flower coloring changes at comprehensive metabolic and transcriptomic levels in L. chinense and L. chinense var. rubrum.
摘要：
Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is an accurate method for quantifying gene expression levels. Choosing appropriate reference genes to normalize the data is essential for reducing errors. Gelsemium elegans is a highly poisonous but important medicinal plant used for analgesic and anti-swelling purposes. Gelsenicine is one of the vital active ingredients, and its biosynthesis pathway remains to be determined. In this study, G. elegans leaf tissue with and without the application of one of four hormones (SA, MeJA, ETH, and ABA) known to affect gelsenicine synthesis, was analyzed using ten candidate reference genes. The gene stability was evaluated using GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ∆CT, and RefFinder. The results showed that the optimal stable reference genes varied among the different treatments and that at least two reference genes were required for accurate quantification. The expression patterns of 15 genes related to the gelsenicine upstream biosynthesis pathway was determined by RT-qPCR using the relevant reference genes identified. Three genes 8-HGO, LAMT, and STR, were found to have a strong correlation with the amount of gelsenicine measured in the different samples. This research is the first study to examine the reference genes of G. elegans under different hormone treatments and will be useful for future molecular analyses of this medically important plant species.
作者机构：
[Shao, Yingying; Lin, Xiaodong; He, Jialong; Tang, Qi; Mu, Detian; Zhang, Yuan; Chen, Wenqiang] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Wilson, Iain W.] CSIRO Agr & Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.;[Zhao, Huan] Capital Med Univ, Sch Tradit Chinese Med, Beijing 100069, Peoples R China.;[Luo, Zuliang] Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll, Inst Med Plant Dev, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Mo, Changming] Guangxi Acad Agr Sci, Guangxi Crop Genet Improvement & Biotechnol Lab, Nanning 530007, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Changming Mo; Qi Tang] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboaratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
WRKY transcription factors, as the largest gene family in higher plants, play an important role in various biological processes including growth and development, regulation of secondary metabolites, and stress response. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and analysis of WRKY transcription factors in S. siamensis. A total of 59 SsWRKY genes were identified that were distributed on all 14 chromosomes, and these were classified into three major groups based on phylogenetic relationships. Each of these groups had similar conserved motifs and gene structures. We compared all the S. siamensis SsWRKY genes with WRKY genes identified from three diverse plant species, and the results implied that segmental duplication and tandem duplication play an important roles in the evolution processes of the WRKY gene family. Promoter region analysis revealed that SsWRKY genes included many cis-acting elements related to plant growth and development, phytohormone response, and both abiotic and biotic stress. Expression profiles originating from the transcriptome database showed expression patterns of these SsWRKY genes in four different tissues and revealed that most genes are expressed in plant roots. Fifteen SsWRKY genes with low-temperature response motifs were surveyed for their gene expression under cold stress, showing that most genes displayed continuous up-regulation during cold treatment. Our study provides a foundation for further study on the function and regulatory mechanism of the SsWRKY gene family.
作者机构：
Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.;Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;[Yongquan Xu] Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
通讯机构：
[Yongquan Xu] K;[Zhonghua Liu; Liang Zhang] A;Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
摘要：
Tea is among the most important beverages globally. The spread of tea from the East to West has not only affected lifestyles, but also promoted the exchange of exchange between the East and West. Tea processing, which is critical for the development of tea flavor, includes multiple steps, such as withering, deactivation, rolling, fermentation (enzymatic oxidation) and post-fermentation. With the development of mechanical processing, tea has now become widely produced, both by hand-crafting and mechanical processing. Multiple components of tea, such as tea polyphenols, theanine, tea pigments and caffeine, have also been acquired by modern separation techniques. In traditional Chinese medicine, tea has long been documented as beneficial to health. Modern medical and nutritional studies have demonstrated that tea has many health benefits, acting to lower blood lipids, blood sugars, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. To some extent, the activities of tea verified by modern medicine are consistent with the recordings in traditional medicine. Interdisciplinary theories, methods and techniques will contribute bridging knowledge contained within historical documents on tea and modern technology and science.
摘要：
Despite some studies on tea leaf cuticular wax, their component changes during dehydration and withering treatments in tea processing and suspected relation with tea flavor quality formation remain unknown. Here, we showed that tea leaf cuticular wax changed drastically in tea leaf development, dehydration, or withering treatment during tea processing, which affected tea flavor formation. Caffeine was found as a major component of leaf cuticular wax. Caffeine and inositol contents in leaf cuticular wax increased during dehydration and withering treatments. Comparisons showed that tea varieties with higher leaf cuticular wax loading produced more aroma than these with lower cuticular wax loading, supporting a positive correlation between tea leaf cuticular wax loading and degradation with white tea aroma formation. Dehydration or withering treatment of tea leaves also increased caffeine and inositol levels in leaf cuticular wax and triggered cuticular wax degradation into various molecules, that could be related to tea flavor formation. Thus, tea leaf cuticular waxes not only protect tea plants but also contribute to tea flavor formation. The study provides new insight into the dynamic changes of tea leaf cuticular waxes for tea plant protection and tea flavor quality formation in tea processing.
关键词：
functions of rhizosphere microorganism;rhizosphere microorganism;tea plant
摘要：
Rhizosphere microbial colonization of the tea plant provides many beneficial functions for the host, But the factors that influence the composition of these rhizosphere microbes and their functions are still unknown. In order to explore the interaction between tea plants and rhizosphere microorganisms, we summarized the current studies. First, the review integrated the known rhizosphere microbial communities of tea tree, including bacteria, fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Then, various factors affecting tea rhizosphere microorganisms were studied, including: endogenous factors, environmental factors, and agronomic practices. Finally, the functions of rhizosphere microorganisms were analyzed, including (a) promoting the growth and quality of tea trees, (b) alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses, and (c) improving soil fertility. Finally, we highlight the gaps in knowledge of tea rhizosphere microorganisms and the future direction of development. In summary, understanding rhizosphere microbial interactions with tea plants is key to promoting the growth, development, and sustainable productivity of tea plants.
关键词：
Color fading;Cut flower;Sucrose;Transcript regulation
摘要：
As fresh ornamental crops, vase life and post-harvested quality of cut flowers have attracted much attention. Flower color fading is the prominent defect in red and purple cut flowers, especially in cut chrysanthemum which have a relative long vase life. Here, the effect of sucrose on change in anthocyanin contents during the vase life of 'Dante Purple' cut chrysanthemum was studied. Results showed that 500 mM sucrose as holding solution could significantly delay the decrease in anthocyanin content and maintain the ornamental value for as long as 38 vase days. Moreover, the sucrose also increased the flower diameter, soluble sugar contents and total antioxidant capacity, while decreasing the malondialdehyde contents. Further studies suggested that the transcript levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and transcription factors, CmMYB6 and CmMYB#7, had continuously decreased during the vase life. The changes in these genes expression patterns was retarded by the sucrose treatment, except for CmMYB#7 which is a repressor of anthocyanin biosynthesis gene expression. The decline in relative expression of CmMYB#7 was accelerated by sucrose. These results have supplied clues to study the mechanism whereby sucrose serves as a signal molecule to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis.
关键词：
bacterial flora disorder;Type 2 diabetes;Helicobacter;mulberry leaf fu tea;alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase activities
摘要：
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by hyperglycemia, an imbalance in the intestinal flora and disruption of the endocrine system. At present, it is primarily controlled through drug treatment and an improved diet. Mulberry leaf and fu brick tea were considered to have excellent hypoglycemic effects. This study used mulberry leaves and fu brick tea as raw materials to develop a dietary regulator that can assist in the prevention and alleviation of diabetes. The experiment used the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaf fu tea (MFT) and its influence on the intestinal flora of diabetic rats through methods including ELISA, tissue section observation and 16S RNA microbial sequencing. The results showed that, compared with the GK group, the intervention of mulberry leaf fu tea significantly reduced the activities of alpha-glucosidase (p < 0.05) and alpha-amylase (p < 0.05) in the duodenum of GK diabetic rats. The height of the duodenal villi was significantly reduced (p < 0.001), leading to decreased intestinal sugar absorption. At the same time, MFT alleviates the imbalance of intestinal flora caused by high blood sugar, promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, etc.), and inhibits the reproduction of harmful bacteria (Blautia, Klebsiella, Helicobacter, Alistipes, etc.). MFT helps reduce the secretion of toxic substances (lipopolysaccharide, p < 0.001), decreases oxidative stress and inflammation, mitigates organ damage, and improves symptoms of diabetes. Finally, the random blood glucose value of GK rats dropped from 22.79 mmol/L to 14.06 mmol/L. In summary, mulberry leaf fu tea can lower sugar absorption in diabetic rats, reduce the body's oxidative stress and inflammatory response, regulate intestinal flora, and reduce blood sugar levels in GK rats. It is hinted that mulberry leaf fu tea could be used as a functional drink to help prevent the occurrence of diabetes.
关键词：
Fu brick tea;Microbiotic metabolism;Obesity;Polysaccharides;Prebiotic
摘要：
Fu brick tea (FBT) is a traditional tea manufactured by solid-state fermentation of tea leaves (Camellia sinensis). Although anti-obesity effects have been reported for FBT, the associated role of FBT polysaccharides (PSs) and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that FBTPSs inhibited obesity, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation; improved intestinal barrier function; and alleviated gut microbiota dysbiosis in high-fat diet-fed rats. Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides, Parasutterella, Desulfovibrio, and Blautia were the core microbes regulated by FBTPSs. FBTPSs regulated the produc-tion of gut microbiota-related metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), branched-chain amino acids, and aromatic amino acids throughout the development of obesity, and regulated the SCFA-GPR signaling pathway. FBTPS-treated fecal microbiota transplant ameliorated obesity, alleviated gut microbiota dysbiosis, and improved gut microbiota-associated metabolites, suggesting that the anti-obesity effect of FBTPSs was gut microbiota-dependent. FBTPSs may serve as novel prebiotic agents for the treatment of obesity and dysbiosis of gut microbiota.(c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Genetic assessment of pear regeneration population is very important for genetic fidelity maintenance in genetic engineering breeding. In this research, a regeneration system for a pear dwarfing rootstock cultivar, 'Qingzhen D1', was established using NN69 medium supplemented with different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The genetic stability of the regenerated population was evaluated through flow cytometry (FCM) and whole genome resequencing techniques. The highest regeneration rate (93%) was induced on NN69 medium supplemented with 3.0mg.L- 1 TDZ and 2.4mg.L- 1 IBA, with 3.9 adventitious buds per leaf. No phenotypes and ploidy changes were detected in regeneration population. But a high variation frequency (5.0 x 10 (- 4)) at a single site was detected. The mutations occurred most frequently on chromosome 5, 10 and 15, while least 4. High-impact changes only accounted for 0.065% of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and 1.429% of insertions or deletions of nucleotides from a sequence (Indels) of all polymorphisms, most of which caused by frameshift. Functional analysis of genes affected by high-impact variants showed that they were mainly related to adaptation to environment. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the application of pear genetic engineering breeding in the future.
摘要：
Background: How to comprehensively and objectively evaluate the quality, safety and efficacy of foods has always been a challenge in the field of food analysis. Molecular networking is an efficient analytical tool used for systematically profiling the components of food samples. It has various significant applications in food metabolomics, including systematic analysis and chemotaxonomic annotation of food ingredients, identification of quality markers of various foods, detection and quantification of toxicants and contaminants in foods, and guiding the development of new food products. Scope and approach: Herein, we summarized the recent progress in molecular networking in foodomics. Notably, this review provides an overview of the concepts, workflows, and applications of molecular networking in food and metabolomics. The potential and limitations of molecular networking are also analyzed. Ultimately, the current challenges and future developments of molecular networking in foodomics are briefly discussed. Key findings and conclusions: Molecular networking is a valuable tool for monitoring the quality and safety of foods and evaluating food function in food metabolomics, as well as accelerating the development of functional food products. However, further research is needed to validate these laboratory findings and apply them into industrialized food production and real-world applications.
